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Tuamsomboon P, Charumanee S, Junmahasathien T, Louwakul P. Effect of Vehicles and Irrigation Solutions and Methods on Removal of Double Antibiotic Paste from Root Canals: Insights from High-performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis. J Endod 2024; 50:1307-1313. [PMID: 38851482 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In regenerative endodontics, eradicating antibiotic residues from root canals is imperative, given their detrimental effects on human apical papilla stem cells. Previous antibiotic removal studies lacked precision in identifying types and quantities of residual antibiotics. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) enhances sensitivity and specificity, enabling accurate detection and quantification of residual drugs. Using HPLC analysis, this study explored the influence of vehicles and irrigation solutions and methods on double antibiotic paste (DAP) removal from root canals. METHODS Two DAP formulations, each containing 5 mg/mL ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, were created using distinct vehicles: macrogol and propylene glycol (MP) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC). Subsequently, 5 μL of DAP was applied to 200 simulated immature teeth with open apices (n = 100 per formulation) and cultured for 28 days at 37°C. Samples were then divided into 11 groups (n = 20 per group), and canals were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or 10% citric acid, employing a positive pressure syringe or passive ultrasonic irrigation. The irrigation solution and dentin sample from each tooth were evaluated via HPLC for ciprofloxacin and metronidazole quantification. RESULTS Citric acid exhibited significantly superior efficacy in antibiotic removal from root canals, with no observable effect of irrigation methods on drug removal. The HPMC-based DAP formulation significantly enhanced ciprofloxacin removal compared with MP-based DAP. CONCLUSIONS For antibiotic paste removal from root canals, citric acid is effective, and HPMC is a preferable vehicle over MP. Overall, HPLC is a valuable method for detecting, removing, and quantifying residual antibiotics in root canals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsupa Tuamsomboon
- Postgraduate Student in Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suporn Charumanee
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Taepin Junmahasathien
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phumisak Louwakul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Chiang Mai University, Mueang, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Singla R, Gupta C, Gill GS, Jain N, Arora S, Algarni YA, Kader MA, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Effect of Curcuma longa (Turmeric), as an intra-canal medicament, on inter-appointment endodontic pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33797. [PMID: 39104477 PMCID: PMC11298830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Inter-appointment pain (IAP) is a subtype of postoperative pain which occurs between endodontic appointments. It may begin within a few hours after the first appointment and may continue for several days. Apart from mechanical instrumentation and thorough irrigation, intracanal medicaments play a central role in the disinfection of root canals and thus decreasing IAP. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Curcuma Longa as an intracanal medicament on IAP in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP). One hundred healthy adult patients having SIP in one of their single-rooted maxillary or mandibular teeth participated in this randomized, parallel, single-blinded clinical trial. After thorough biomechanical preparation, the root canals were randomly medicated with one of the following medicaments, Control (no medicament), Calcium Hydroxide, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and Curcuma Longa. The pain was recorded using Visual analog scale at 4 h, 24 h, and every day until the seventh day. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. No statistical difference in pain scores was observed between Calcium Hydroxide, TAP or Curcuma Longa groups. It can be concluded that Curcuma Longa, Calcium hydroxide, and TAP are equally effective in controlling IAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Singla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Charu Gupta
- Health Department, Government of Haryana, India
| | - Gurdeep Singh Gill
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Namita Jain
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, JCD Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Suraj Arora
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Algarni
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdul Kader
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61321, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Catania University, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Roig X, Halbaut L, Elmsmari F, Pareja R, Arrien A, Duran-Sindreu F, Delgado LM, Espina M, García ML, Sánchez JAG, Sánchez-López E. Calcium hydroxide-loaded nanoparticles dispersed in thermosensitive gel as a novel intracanal medicament. Int Endod J 2024; 57:907-921. [PMID: 38374518 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Design, produce and assess the viability of a novel nanotechnological antibacterial thermo-sensible intracanal medicament This involves encapsulating calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) within polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and dispersing them in a thermosensitive gel (Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel). In addition, perform in vitro and ex vivo assessments to evaluate tissue irritation and penetration capacity into dentinal tubules in comparison to free Ca(OH)2. METHODOLOGY Reproducibility of Ca(OH)₂-NPs was confirmed by obtaining the average size of the NPs, their polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. Moreover, rheological studies of Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel were carried out with a rheometer, studying the oscillatory stress sweep, the mean viscosity value, frequency and temperature sweeps. Tolerance was assessed using the membrane of an embryonated chicken egg. In vitro Ca(OH)2 release was studied by direct dialysis in an aqueous media monitoring the amount of Ca(OH)2 released. Six extracted human teeth were used to study the depth of penetration of fluorescently labelled Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel into the dentinal tubules and significant differences against free Ca(OH)2 were calculated using one-way anova. RESULTS Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel demonstrated to be highly reproducible with an average size below 200 nm, a homogeneous NPs population, negative surface charge and high entrapment efficiency. The analysis of the thermosensitive gel allowed us to determine its rheological characteristics, showing that at 10°C gels owned a fluid-like behaviour meanwhile at 37°C they owned an elastic-like behaviour. Ca(OH)2-NPs-gel showed a prolonged drug release and the depth of penetration inside the dentinal tubules increased in the most apical areas. In addition, it was found that this drug did not produce irritation when applied to tissues such as eggs' chorialantoidonic membrane. CONCLUSION Calcium hydroxide-loaded PLGA NPs dispersed in a thermosensitive gel may constitute a suitable alternative as an intracanal antibacterial medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Roig
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rubén Pareja
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aizea Arrien
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis María Delgado
- Bioengineering Institute of Technology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Peptides, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Narla RK, J RK, Pavuluri TC, P KC, Penumaka R, Nagelli RK. Effect of Different Irrigant Activation Techniques on the Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide, an Intracanal Medicament: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e48768. [PMID: 38098913 PMCID: PMC10719481 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The main goal of root canal treatment is to eliminate microorganisms from the canal and to prevent re-infection. To achieve these goals, instrumentation must be combined with adequate irrigation and the placement of intracanal medicament. This study aims to compare the effect of different irrigation activation techniques, i.e., passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), EndoActivator (EA), and conventional needle irrigation on the penetration of calcium hydroxide (CH), an intracanal medicament into dentinal tubules. Methodology A total of 60 single-rooted extracted human teeth were selected, which were de-coronated to standardize the root length of 12 mm. An access cavity was prepared, and biomechanical preparation was done. The samples were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: Group I received conventional needle irrigation, Group II underwent EA irrigation, and Group III was subjected to PUI. All the samples were filled with CH paste mixed with Rhodamine B dye, and the orifice openings were sealed with Cavit. The samples were stored in an incubator for 24 hours and were subsequently sectioned horizontally at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds using a hard tissue microtome. These were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope to evaluate the depth of medicament penetration. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The Shapiro-Wilk test was employed to assess normality, while ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis were utilized to determine significance. Results It was observed that the depth of penetration of CH into dentinal tubules was highest in Group III (PUI), followed by Group II (EA irrigation), with the least penetration observed in Group I (conventional needle irrigation). All the groups showed maximum penetration at the coronal third followed by the middle and apical third. Conclusions Passive ultrasonic irrigant activation resulted in more penetration of CH into the dentinal tubules followed by EA irrigant activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Kalyani Narla
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Ravi Kumar J
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Tejosmita Chowdary Pavuluri
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Krishna Chaitanya P
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Ramesh Penumaka
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Ratna Kamal Nagelli
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Drs. Sudha and Nageswara Rao Siddhartha Institute of Dental Sciences, Vijayawada, IND
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Solakoğlu E, Topçuoğlu HS, Düzgün S. Effect of different final irrigation agitation techniques on root canal dentin tubule penetration of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide dressing. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:447-454. [PMID: 37144660 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to assess the efficacy of different final irrigation agitation techniques on dentin tubule penetration of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide (NCH) dressing. Ninety-six extracted upper incisors were shaped up to #40file. Then, Four experimental groups were formed according to the final irrigation procedure: conventional needle irrigation (CNI), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), sonic agitation (SA) and ultrasonic irrigant agitation (UIA). According to the intracanal drug used, these groups were divided into two subgroups: calcium hydroxide (CH) and NCH. Prepared CH preparations were labelled with Rhodamine B, and CH or NCH were placed in root canals. In the UIA group, both CH and NCH had the highest penetration depth and percentage compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The penetration depth and percentage of NCH in the UIA and SA groups were significantly higher than in the CH groups (p < 0.05). UIA is more effective than other groups in increasing dentinal tubule penetration of CH and NCH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salih Düzgün
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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El-Essawy RH, Al-Ashry S, Sabet NE, Ghobashy AM. Assessment of depth of penetration and antibiofilm properties of Boswellia sacra compared with calcium hydroxide intracanal medicament (in vitro study). AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:295-301. [PMID: 36004503 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Successful endodontic treatment requires advanced materials to eliminate biofilm This study aims to assess the penetration depth and the effectiveness of Boswellia sacra as a novel intracanal medicament compared with calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. 60 single-rooted teeth were decoronated, prepared and sterilised. Fifty teeth were contaminated with a culture of E. faecalis (ATCC 19433) for 21 days. Two teeth were used to confirm the biofilm using scanning electron microscope. For colony-forming unit (CFU), 40 samples were divided into one control group (calcium hydroxide) and the other experimental group (B. sacra). Each group was divided into two subgroups to be tested at 3 and 7 days. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of B. sacra was determined, and the B. sacra's ethanolic extract medicament was prepared. Eight discs divided into groups similar to CFU were used to evaluate live/dead bacteria using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Ten teeth were selected for penetration depth using CLSM. The intracanal medicaments were mixed with 0.1% rhodamine B. were inserted into the root canals 0.2 slices were dissected and viewed under CLSM. The MIC of B. sacra was 1.25 mg/ml. The CFU evaluation proved that B. sacra are more effective than calcium hydroxide in the 3 days groups. However, it was statistically insignificant compared with calcium hydroxide after 7 days. The depth of penetration of B. sacra exceeds that of calcium hydroxide. B. sacra is an effective intracanal medicament.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma Al-Ashry
- Department of Endodontics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Parhar M, Bansal P. Development of a High Penetration Safe Irrigant from Withania somnifera. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2023; 13:149-152. [PMID: 38023598 PMCID: PMC10666837 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_89_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Herbal medicine is regaining a strong position in health care by virtue of better safety and minimal toxicity as compared to conventional chemotherapies. It is making a place in dental care in the form of various toothpastes, lotions, and mouthwashes. It has been analyzed that very few discrete herbal irrigants have an action comparable to that of sodium hypochlorite. No data about any study on penetration depth and penetration area for herbal-based irrigants used in root canal treatment are available. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Withania somnifera extracts by assessing its penetration depth and area inside dentinal tubules using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Materials and Methods Freshly extracted 25 maxillary central incisors were divided into three groups: Group 1: W. somnifera; Group 2: sodium hypochlorite; and Group 3: distilled water. Results W. somnifera showed better results with respect to penetration depth and area inside the dentinal tubules thansodium hypochlorite. Conclusion From the study, it can be concluded that W. somnifera extract-based irrigant may be used as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite-based irrigant. It also shows that more herbal drugs need such types of screening and incorporation in dental practice to reduce the potential side effects of the conventional drugs used in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manreet Parhar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Parveen Bansal
- Department of Herbal Drug Technology, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
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Ashkar I, Sanz JL, Forner L, Melo M. Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Dentinal Tubule Penetration-A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2734. [PMID: 37049028 PMCID: PMC10096084 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of in vitro studies which evaluate and compare the penetration of calcium silicate-based sealers into dentinal tubules. A systematic advanced search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on the 1 December 2022. In vitro studies that compared the tubular penetration of at least two calcium silicate-based sealers in extracted human teeth were eligible. PRILE 2021 guidelines were used for the assessment of the risk of bias included studies. The search identified a total of 680 preliminary records, among which 12 studies were eligible for review. The most used methodology to evaluate sealer penetration was the use of a fluorochrome together with the tested sealers and the analysis of their penetration under confocal laser microscopy. Regarding the results of the included studies, calcium silicate-based sealers exhibit a favorable dentinal tubule penetration. Tubular penetration, however, can be affected by factors such as the irrigation protocol, sealer activation, the filling method used, and root canal morphology. EndoSequence BC Sealer showed the highest sealer penetration among the tested sealers. The influence of different fluorochromes on the results of dentinal tubule penetration studies should also be further explored. The in vitro nature of the included studies limits the applicability of the results into the clinical setting. Prospero registration: CRD42022383896.
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de Souza GL, Magalhães TEA, Freitas GAN, Lemus NXA, Barbosa GLDR, Silva ACA, Moura CCG. Calcium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals as an innovative intracanal medicament: a pilot study. Restor Dent Endod 2022; 47:e38. [PMID: 36518610 PMCID: PMC9715372 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2022.47.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the cytotoxicity, radiopacity, pH, and dentinal tubule penetration of a paste of 1.0% calcium-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals (ZnO:1.0Ca) combined with propylene glycol (PRG) or polyethylene glycol and propylene glycol (PEG-PRG). Materials and Methods The pastes were prepared by mixing calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] or ZnO:1.0Ca with PRG or a PEG-PRG mixture. The pH was evaluated after 24 and 96 hours of storage in deionized water. Digital radiographs were acquired for radiopacity analysis and bubble counting of each material. The materials were labeled with 0.1% fluorescein and applied to root canals, and images of their dentinal tubule penetration were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy. RAW264.7 macrophages were placed in different dilutions of culture media previously exposed to the materials for 24 and 96 hours and tested for cell viability using the MTT assay. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test (α = 0.05) were performed. Results ZnO:1.0Ca materials showed lower viability at 1:1 and 1:2 dilutions than Ca(OH)2 materials (p < 0.0001). Ca(OH)2 had higher pH values than ZnO:1.0Ca at 24 and 96 hours, regardless of the vehicle (p < 0.05). ZnO:1.0Ca pastes showed higher radiopacity than Ca(OH)2 pastes (p < 0.01). No between-material differences were found in bubble counting (p = 0.0902). The ZnO:1.0Ca pastes had a greater penetration depth than Ca(OH)2 in the apical third (p < 0.0001). Conclusions ZnO:1.0Ca medicaments presented higher penetrability, cell viability, and radiopacity than Ca(OH)2. Higher values of cell viability and pH were present in Ca(OH)2 than in ZnO:1.0Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Leite de Souza
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Functional and New Nanostructured Materials Laboratory, Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
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Adl A, Sobhnamayan F, Sedigh-Shams M, Mirkhaghani H. Effect of triple antibiotic paste on the bond strength of epoxy and methacrylate resin-based sealers to root canal dentin. J Conserv Dent 2022; 25:426-430. [PMID: 36187852 PMCID: PMC9520655 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_150_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of triple antibiotic paste (TAP) as an endodontic intracanal medicament on the bond strength of epoxy and methacrylate resin-based sealers to root canal dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 80 single-rooted human mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper rotary system. The specimens were randomly divided into a control group (without intracanal dressing) and an experimental group receiving TAP (n = 40). The intracanal dressing was removed after 3 weeks. Then, samples of each group were randomly divided into four subgroups (n = 10) and obturated with gutta-percha and different resin-based sealers. G1: AH Plus, G2: Syntex, G3: EndoREZ, and G4: MetaSEAL. After 1 week, 16 slices of 1 ± 0.1 mm thickness were obtained from the midroots of teeth in each subgroup, and a push-out test was used to measure the bond strength. Slices were examined using a stereomicroscope at 30 × to determine the mode of failure. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Results: Compared to control group, TAP significantly increased the bond strength of MetaSEAL and EndoREZ (P < 0.05). In the control group, epoxy resin-based sealers showed higher bond strength compared to methacrylate ones (P = 0.00). In TAP group, Syntex and EndoREZ showed significantly the greatest and the lowest bond strengths, respectively, (P < 0.05). The analysis of failure modes revealed a predominance of mixed failures in all groups except for Syntex group in which most failures were cohesive. Conclusions: TAP significantly increased the bond strength of methacrylate resin-based sealers.
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Zan R, Topcuoglu HS, Hubbezoglu I, Gorler O, Altunbas D, Ayhan M. Effect of different irrigation activation methods on non-infected dentinal tubule penetration of medicaments: A CLSM study. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:895-902. [DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1932_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Elmsmari F, González Sánchez JA, Duran-Sindreu F, Belkadi R, Espina M, García ML, Sánchez-López E. Calcium hydroxide-loaded PLGA biodegradable nanoparticles as an intracanal medicament. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2086-2098. [PMID: 34355406 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop a formulation in which calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) was successfully loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) to be used in the field of endodontics as an intracanal medicament, including NP optimization and characterization, plus drug release profile of the NPs compared with free Ca(OH)₂. Additionally, the depth and area of penetration of the NPs inside the dentinal tubules of extracted teeth were compared with those of the free Ca(OH)₂. METHODOLOGY Ca(OH)₂ NPs were prepared using the solvent displacement method. NPs was optimized with a central composite design to obtain a final optimized formulation. The morphology of the NPs was examined under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug release profile of the Ca(OH)₂ NPs and free Ca(OH)₂ was evaluated up to 48 h. Finally, the depth and area of penetration inside the dentinal tubules of extracted teeth were examined for both the Ca(OH)₂ NPs and free Ca(OH)₂ using the Mann-Whitney U test to determine any significant differences. RESULTS Utilizing the optimized formulation, the Ca(OH)₂ NPs had an average size below 200 nm and polydispersity index lower than 0.2, along with a highly negative zeta potential and suitable entrapment efficiency percentage. The spherical morphology of the Ca(OH)₂ NPs was confirmed using TEM. The results of the XRD, FTIR and DSC revealed no interactions and confirmed that the drug was encapsulated inside the NPs. The drug release profile of the Ca(OH)₂ NPs exhibited a prolonged steady release that remained stable up to 48 h with higher concentrations than the free Ca(OH)₂. After examination by confocal laser scanning microscopy, Ca(OH)₂ NPs had a significantly greater depth and area of penetration inside dentinal tubules compared with the free drug. CONCLUSIONS Ca(OH)₂-loaded PLGA NPs were successfully optimized and characterized. The NPs exhibited a prolonged drug release profile and superior penetration inside dentinal tubules of extracted teeth when compared to Ca(OH)2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Fernando Duran-Sindreu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roumaissa Belkadi
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Liu T, Aman A, Ainiwaer M, Ding L, Zhang F, Hu Q, Song Y, Ni Y, Tang X. Evaluation of the anti-biofilm effect of poloxamer-based thermoreversible gel of silver nanoparticles as a potential medication for root canal therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12577. [PMID: 34131273 PMCID: PMC8206346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to design silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) poloxamer thermoreversible gel (AgNPs-PL) and investigate whether this gel could provide sustained antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in the root canal. The gels fabricated were characterized in terms of gelatin temperature, particle size, in-vitro Ag+ release, and elemental content. Cytotoxicity of AgNPs-PL on primary human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) was examined by CCK-8 assay. Characterization of AgNPs-PL gel revealed that it contained particles existing as large clumps/fused aggregates of different shapes, with a mean diameter of 21.624 ± 14.689 nm, exhibited sustained release of Ag+ for 9 days, and non-toxic to HPDLFs at a low dose (4–32 μg/mL) through 24, 48, and 72 h exposures. The antibacterial effect of 16 and 32 μg/mL concentrations of AgNPs-PL was compared with blank poloxamer gel (PL) and calcium hydroxide (CH) using three methods: (I) agar counting plate, (II) scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, and (III) confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analysis. AgNPs-PL at the two doses above was more effective than PL and CH in removing E. faecalis biofilm at 1, 3, 9 days. Thus, AgNPs-PL exhibits strong activity against E. faecalis and is easy to produce, with a continuous release profile of Ag+. AgNPs-PL gel may be a candidate for a new root canal disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Aerdake Aman
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muniremu Ainiwaer
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Ding
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingang Hu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxian Song
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Ni
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuna Tang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Endodontology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, No. 30 Zhongyang Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Alfadda S, Alquria T, Karaismailoglu E, Aksel H, Azim AA. Antibacterial Effect and Bioactivity of Innovative and Currently Used Intracanal Medicaments in Regenerative Endodontics. J Endod 2021; 47:1294-1300. [PMID: 34033820 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect and bioactivity of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2), and calcium hypochlorite (Ca[OCl]2). METHODS Root canals were infected with 3-week-old Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and then medicated for 7 days with TAP, Ca(OH)2, or Ca(OCl)2 (n = 10/group). Untreated and uninfected canals were used as positive and negative controls. The antibacterial effect was determined using colony-forming units and a Live/Dead bacterial viability kit. Dental pulp stem cells were seeded on medicated dentin surfaces for 7 days. Sodium thiosulfate and various concentrations of ascorbic acid (1%, 5%, and 10%) were also used to neutralize the samples treated with Ca(OCl)2 before cell seeding (n = 3 in triplicate). Cell viability and morphology were evaluated using a viability assay and Live/Dead cell analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was also measured to determine the cells' mineralization activity. RESULTS All medicaments decreased the initial bacterial load (P < .05). The highest bacterial reduction in the main canal and dentinal tubules was observed in the Ca(OCl)2 group (P < .05). TAP- or Ca(OH)2-treated dentin surface improved cell viability and ALP activity compared with the untreated dentin surface (P < .05), whereas Ca(OCl)2 decreased cell viability and ALP activity (P < .05). Ten percent ascorbic acid neutralized the effect of Ca(OCl)2 on the treated dentin surface, showing higher cell viability (P < .05) and similar ALP activity with the untreated dentin surface and the other groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Ca(OCl)2 medication improved root canal disinfection against E. faecalis biofilm compared with TAP and Ca(OH)2. The adverse effects caused by Ca(OCl)2 on cell viability and mineralization activity can be neutralized with 10% ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alfadda
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Theeb Alquria
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eda Karaismailoglu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Health Sciences University, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Aksel
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Adham A Azim
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
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15
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Machado MEL, Veintimilla Lozada VN, Carrillo Rengifo KJ, Guillén REG, Caballero-Flores H, Nabeshima CK. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of the penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer into dentinal tubules after calcium hydroxide dressing. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:480-486. [PMID: 33769648 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer into dentinal tubules of root canals previously medicated with calcium hydroxide. Sixteen palatal root canals of upper molars were instrumented and distributed into two groups: (G1) root canals medicated with calcium hydroxide and obturated after its removal; (G2) root canals obturated without the use of dressing. Sealer mixed with rhodamine B provided fluorescence for confocal laser scanning microscopy. Measurements of area and linear penetration of the sealer were assessed in three thirds by ImageJ software. The data were statistically compared by Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < 0.01). The calcium hydroxide decreased the penetration of the sealer. The coronal and middle thirds had similar areas and linear penetrations in both groups, whereas the apical third had less penetration. In conclusion, the penetration of the epoxy resin-based sealer is influenced by the calcium hydroxide dressing used between appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel E L Machado
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Hector Caballero-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber Keiti Nabeshima
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Dewi A, Upara C, Krongbaramee T, Louwakul P, Srisuwan T, Khemaleelakul S. Optimal antimicrobial concentration of mixed antibiotic pastes in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis from root dentin. AUST ENDOD J 2020; 47:273-280. [PMID: 32914516 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to identify the optimal concentrations of triple antibiotic paste (TAP), modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) and double antibiotic paste (DAP) that could completely eradicate Enterococcus faecalis in dentinal tubules. One hundred and ninety extracted human premolars inoculated with E. faecalis were medicated with calcium hydroxide and mixed antibiotic pastes (TAP, mTAP and DAP at 0.1, 1.25, 5, 10 and 20 mg mL-1 of each drug) for seven days before being frozen, pulverised and cultured. Specimens treated with the lowest concentration of the mixed antibiotics capable of eradicating E. faecalis were examined using scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy to confirm the eradication of the microbial. TAP at 10 mg mL-1 of each drug was able to completely eliminate bacteria inside dentinal tubules, whereas mTAP and DAP required 20 mg mL-1 of each drug. Calcium hydroxide was not effective in eradicating E. faecalis inside dentinal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Dewi
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chawin Upara
- School of Dentistry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tadkamol Krongbaramee
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phumisak Louwakul
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tanida Srisuwan
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Saengusa Khemaleelakul
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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de Almeida Barbosa M, de Oliveira KV, dos Santos VR, da Silva WJ, Fagundes Tomazinho FS, Baratto-Filho F, Leão Gabardo MC. Effect of Vehicle and Agitation Methods on the Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide Paste in the Dentinal Tubules. J Endod 2020; 46:1340-1341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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de Almeida Barbosa M, de Oliveira KV, dos Santos VR, da Silva WJ, Tomazinho FSF, Baratto-Filho F, Gabardo MCL. Effect of Vehicle and Agitation Methods on the Penetration of Calcium Hydroxide Paste in the Dentinal Tubules. J Endod 2020; 46:980-986. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Fan W, Li Y, Sun Q, Tay FR, Fan B. Quaternary ammonium silane, calcium and phosphorus-loaded PLGA submicron particles against Enterococcus faecalis infection of teeth: An in vitro and in vivo study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110856. [PMID: 32279748 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Refractory root canal infection of human teeth is the primary cause of dental treatment failure. Enterococcus faecalis is the major cause of refractory root canal infection. In the present study, poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) submicron particles were used as carriers to deliver an antimicrobial quaternary ammonium silane (code-named K21) as well as calcium and phosphorus elements. The release profiles, antibacterial ability against E. faecalis, extent of infiltration into dentinal tubules, biocompatibility and in vitro mineralization potential of the particles were investigated. In addition, the antimicrobial effects of the particles against E. faecalis infection were evaluated in vivo in the teeth of beagle dogs. The encapsulated components were released from the PLGA particles in a sustained-release manner. The particles also displayed good biocompatibility, in vitro mineralization ability and antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The particles could be driven into dentinal tubules of dentin slices by ultrasonic activation and inhibited E. faecalis colonization. In the root canals of beagle dogs, PLGA submicron particles loaded with K21, calcium and phosphorus demonstrated strong preventive effects against E. faecalis infection. The system may be developed into a new intracanal disinfectant for root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- Department of Endodontics, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bing Fan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Dentinal Tubule Penetration and Dislocation Resistance of a New Bioactive Root Canal Sealer Following Root Canal Medicament Removal Using Sonic Agitation or Laser-Activated Irrigation. Eur Endod J 2020; 5:264-270. [PMID: 33353924 PMCID: PMC7881371 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.92905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the influence of sonic agitation or laser-activated irrigation techniques on the removal chlorhexidine (CHX) and modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) on the sealer penetration depth and dislocation resistance of Guttaflow Bioseal. Methods: Single-rooted mandibular premolars (n=96) were prepared with rotary nickel titanium instruments and randomly divided into two groups (n=48) based on the intracanal medicaments used: Group 1, mTAP; Group 2, CHX gel. After 7 days, the specimens in each group were divided into three subgroups (n=16) based on the supplementary irrigation technique used to remove the medicaments: laser activated irrigation (Er, Cr: YSGG laser, Waterlase MD, Biolase Technology Inc., San Clemente, CA, USA), sonic agitation (EndoActivator, Dentslpy Sirona Endodontics, PA, USA) and syringe-and-needle irrigation (control) techniques. Canals were filled with single matched-taper gutta-percha cone and a calcium silicate-based sealer (GuttaFlow® Bioseal, Coltène/Whaledent, Langenau, Germany). At the end of three weeks, sealer penetration was investigated using confocal microscopy (n=6), and dislocation resistance was calculated by measuring the push-out bond strength (n=10). Statistical analysis was performed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test (P=0.05). Results: Laser activated irrigation resulted in significantly higher depth of sealer penetration compared to sonic agitation and syringe irrigation (P<0.01). The average sealer penetration depths were recorded as 846.6 µm, 786.5 µm and 505 µm in the Er, Cr: YSGG laser, EndoActivator and control groups, respectively. The mean bond strength obtained in group 3 (syringe-and-needle irrigation) was significantly less than the other groups (P<0.05). The mean values were 9.08 in the Er, Cr: YSGG laser group, 8.44 in the EndoActivator group and 5.08 in the needle group. Conclusion: Er,Cr;YSGG laser irrigation to remove the medicaments was advantageous to other irrigation techniques in sealer penetration and dislocation resistance of the sealer.
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21
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Aksel H, Arslan E, Puralı N, Uyanık Ö, Nagaş E. Effect of ultrasonic activation on dentinal tubule penetration of calcium silicate-based cements. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:624-629. [PMID: 30614139 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the dentinal tubule penetration of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine placed by either manual condensation or ultrasonic activation in simulated open apex model. Standardized divergent open apex models were created using palatal roots of 60 human maxillary molars and divided into six groups according to the used cements and activation methods (n = 10): MTA-manual condensation, MTA-ultrasonic activation, NeoMTA Plus-manual condensation, NeoMTA Plus-ultrasonic activation, Biodentine-manual condensation, Biodentine-ultrasonic activation. For the measurement of penetration, the cements were mixed with 0.1% Rhodamin B and 6-mm apical portions of each root canal were obturated in an orthograde direction. The roots were embedded into acrylic blocks, and 1-mm-thick sections were obtained at 3 mm from the apex. Specimens were mounted onto glass slides and scanned under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and stereomicroscope. Dentinal tubule penetration areas, depth and percentage were measured using LSM and ImageJ software. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (anova) with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). No correlation was found between stereomicroscope and CLSM analyses (p > .05). CLSM analysis showed no significant differences between MTA, NeoMTA Plus, and Biodentine groups when manual condensation was used (p > .05). Ultrasonic activation did not increase the tubular penetration of MTA, NeoMTA Plus or Biodentine as compared to manual condensation of each material (p > .05). MTA, NeoMTA Plus and Biodentine showed similar tubular penetration when manual condensation was used. Ultrasonic activation of these cements had no effect on tubular penetration of each material as compared to the manual condensation counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Aksel
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elifcan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuhan Puralı
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Uyanık
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emre Nagaş
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Faria G, Rodrigues EM, Coaguila-Llerena H, Gomes-Cornélio AL, Neto Angéloco RR, Swerts Pereira MS, Tanomaru Filho M. Influence of the Vehicle and Antibiotic Formulation on Cytotoxicity of Triple Antibiotic Paste. J Endod 2019; 44:1812-1816. [PMID: 30477667 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the influence of antibiotic formulations (tablet/capsule [TC] or United States Pharmacopeia [USP]-grade antibiotics) and vehicles (water [H2O] or macrogol + propylene glycol [MP]) on the cytotoxicity and pH of triple antibiotic pastes (TAPs). METHODS L929 fibroblasts were exposed to TAPs prepared with TC or USP-grade antibiotics mixed with H2O or MP for 72 hours. Each isolated antibiotic with each vehicle, each isolated vehicle, and the culture medium were used as controls. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red assays. The pH was measured after 3 and 8 hours of immersion of the pastes in water. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, the Bonferroni or Tukey posttests (α = 0.05), and the Pearson correlation test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The pastes prepared with TC were less cytotoxic than pastes prepared with USP-grade antibiotics (P < .05), and pastes with the MP vehicle were less cytotoxic than pastes with H2O (P < .05). TC TAP + MP showed the lowest cytotoxicity, whereas USP-grade TAP + H2O showed the highest cytotoxicity (P < .05). All TAPs showed a pH ranging from 4.64-5.20. Irrespective of the vehicle, USP-grade TAP showed a lower pH than TC TAP (P < .05). TAPs with H2O had a lower pH than TAPs with MP (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The vehicle and the antibiotic formulations influenced the cytotoxicity and pH of TAP. The pastes prepared with TC and MP were less acidic and less cytotoxic than the type prepared with USP-grade antibiotics and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Elisandra Márcia Rodrigues
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lívia Gomes-Cornélio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Rodrigues Neto Angéloco
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maristela Soares Swerts Pereira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Alfenas School of Dentistry, Jose Rosario Vellano University-Unifenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mario Tanomaru Filho
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pandey SH, Patni PM, Jain P, Sanwatsarkar G, Bardia C. Cysteamine improves the bactericidal efficacy of intra-canal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. Med Pharm Rep 2018; 91:448-451. [PMID: 30564022 PMCID: PMC6296715 DOI: 10.15386/cjmed-926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of cysteamine, calcium hydroxide[Ca(OH)2], triple antibiotic paste (TAP), chlorhexidine (CHX) and their combinations against Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis). Methods The E. Faecalis eradication capacity of cysteamine, Calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2), TAP, CHX, and their combinations was tested on E. Faecalis by Kirby Brauer disc diffusion method. Results Cysteamine in combination with TAP was able to completely eradicate E. Faecalis within 24 hours. Ca(OH)2 was unable to show its effect on E. Faecalis in the given time. Conclusion Cysteamine increased the E. Faecalis eradicating capacity of TAP and also showed positive results when used in combination with Ca(OH)2, which if used alone was unable to show any action in 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Hans Pandey
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
| | - Pallav Mahesh Patni
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
| | - Pradeep Jain
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
| | - Gauri Sanwatsarkar
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
| | - Chinki Bardia
- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Department, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University, India
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Uzunoglu-Özyürek E, Erdoğan Ö, Aktemur Türker S. Effect of Calcium Hydroxide Dressing on the Dentinal Tubule Penetration of 2 Different Root Canal Sealers: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Study. J Endod 2018; 44:1018-1023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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