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Ashkar I, Sanz JL, Forner L, Ghilotti J, Melo M. A literature review of the effect of heat on the physical-chemical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00281-4. [PMID: 38729300 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) have gained popularity in endodontic practice due to their biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. They are considered viable alternatives to epoxy resin-based sealers. With the increased use of CSSs and warm vertical compaction techniques in root canal treatment, evaluating the impact of heat on CSSs properties is essential, therefore this review aimed to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the impact of heat on the physical-chemical properties of CSSs. METHODS Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic advanced electronic search was performed in Scoups, Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in November 2023 and updated in April 2024. In vitro studies that evaluated the physical-chemical properties of CSSs were eligible. PRILE 2021 guidelines were used for the assessment of the risk of bias included studies. RESULTS The search identified a total of 6421 preliminary results and 10 studies were included for qualitative assessment. 11 different physiochemical properties were assessed by the included studies. Setting time and flow were the most evaluated property among the studies. A qualitative synthesis of the evidence on each property is presented. CONCLUSIONS Based on the in vitro studies assessed in the present systematic review, results reveal that exposing CSSs to heat can accelerate their setting time, reduce their flow, and increase their film thickness. Concerns persist regarding solubility, viscosity, radiopacity, dimensional change, microhardness, porosity, and compressive strength; requiring further research. Certain CSSs, like MTA Fillapex and Endosequence BC sealer HiFlow, show minimal changes under heat, making them potential candidates for warm filling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa Ashkar
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - James Ghilotti
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Puig-Herreros C, Sanz JL, García-Bernal D, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Murcia L, Forner L, Ghilotti J, Oñate-Sánchez RE, López-García S. Comparative Cytotoxicity of Menthol and Eucalyptol: An In Vitro Study on Human Gingival Fibroblasts. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:521. [PMID: 38675182 PMCID: PMC11054097 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of eucalyptol and menthol on the cell viability, migration, and reactive oxygen species production of human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) in vitro. Three different concentrations of eucalyptol and menthol were prepared following ISO 10993-5 guidelines (1, 5, and 10 mM). GFs were isolated from extracted teeth from healthy donors. The following parameters were assessed: cell viability via MTT, Annexin-V-FITC and 7-AAD staining, and IC50 assays; cell migration via horizontal scratch wound assay; and cell oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species assay. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Eucalyptol and Menthol exhibited high cytotoxicity on gingival fibroblasts, as evidenced by cytotoxicity assays. Eucalyptol showed lower levels of cytotoxicity than menthol, compared to the control group. The cytotoxicity of the tested substances increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The same occurred in a time-dependent manner, although even 10 min of exposure to the tested substances showed a high cytotoxicity to the GFs. Commercially available products for oral application with these substances in their composition should be tested for cytotoxicity before their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Puig-Herreros
- Speech Therapy University Clinic, Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain (S.L.-G.)
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain (S.L.-G.)
| | - James Ghilotti
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain (S.L.-G.)
| | - Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain (S.L.-G.)
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Sanz JL, López-García S, García-Bernal D, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L, Lozano A, Murcia L. Comparative bioactivity and immunomodulatory potential of the new Bioroot Flow and AH Plus Bioceramic sealer: An in vitro study on hPDLSCs. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:195. [PMID: 38441709 PMCID: PMC10914906 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the cytocompatibility, bioactivity, and anti-inflammatory potential of the new pre-mixed calcium silicate cement-based sealers Bioroot Flow (BrF) and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared to the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus (AHP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Standardized discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of BrF, AHPbcs and AHP after setting were prepared. The following assays were performed: cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, cell migration/proliferation via a wound-healing assay, cytoskeleton organization via immunofluorescence staining; cytokine release via ELISA; osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT-qPCR, and cell mineralized nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. HPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars from healthy patients. Comparisons were made with hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned (negative control) or osteogenic (positive control) culture media. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS Both BrF and AHPbcs showed significantly positive results in the cytocompatibility assays (cell metabolic activity, migration, attachment, morphology, and cytoskeleton organization) compared with a negative control group, while AHP showed significant negative results. BrF exhibited an upregulation of at least one osteo/cementogenic marker compared to the negative and positive control groups. BrF showed a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than AHPbcs, the negative and positive control groups, while AHPbcs was higher than the negative control group. Both were also significantly higher than AHP group. CONCLUSION BrF and AHPbcs exhibit adequate and comparable cytocompatibility on hPDLSCs. BrF also promoted the osteo/cementogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Both calcium silicate-based sealers favored the downregulation of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and the calcified nodule formation from hPDLSCs. BrF exerted a significantly higher influence on cell mineralization than AHPbcs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study to elucidate the biological properties and immunomodulatory potential of Bioroot Flow and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. The results act as supporting evidence for their use in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
- School of Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer2 Pl.Av. Marqués de los Vélez, S/NUniversity of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
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López-García S, Sanz JL, Oñate-Sánchez RE, Forner L, García-Bernal D, Murcia L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Llena C. In vitro biocompatibility of ammonia-free silver fluoride products on human dental pulp stem cells. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102283. [PMID: 38113650 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Silver fluoride (SF) is a preventive and therapeutic option for dental pathological processes involving structural alterations of the hard tissues, either during their formation or those caused by caries or other pathological reasons. This study aimed to compare the biological properties of two commercial SF products, one of them with ammonium (Riva Star; SDF) and the other ammonium-free (Riva Star Aqua; AgF), both with or without potassium iodide (KI), by the assessment of the cytotoxicity of the materials' eluates. METHODS Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were obtained from healthy 18-23-year-old donors. Three dilutions were prepared for the tested materials (0.005%, 0.0005%, and 0.0001%). The following groups were assessed: (AgF, AgF+KI, SDF, SDF+KI, KI, negative control). A series of cytocompatibility assays were performed: MTT assay, IC50 assay, wound healing (migration) assay, cell cytoskeleton staining, analysis of cell apoptosis and necrosis, and reactive oxygen species production. The normality in the distribution of the data was previously confirmed via a Q-Q plot. Statistical significance was tested using one way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. RESULTS The incorporation of KI improved the cytocompatibility of both SF products in terms of viability, migration, morphology, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species production. This difference was higher in the AgF group. The lowest dilutions of SF+KI and AgF+KI showed a similar cytocompatibility to that of the control group (MTT assay (p > 0.05 after 24, 48, and 72 h of culture); migration assay (p > 0.05 after 24, 48, and 72 h of culture); reactive oxygen species production (p > 0.05 after 72 h of culture). SIGNIFICANCE Riva Star Aqua shows lower cytotoxicity than Riva Star on hDPSCs. It can be considered as a good alternative in the conservative treatment of dental caries and in the preservation and remineralisation of viable dentine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo E Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Ghilotti J, Mayorga P, Sanz JL, Forner L, Llena C. Remineralizing Ability of Resin Modified Glass Ionomers (RMGICs): A Systematic Review. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:421. [PMID: 37623665 PMCID: PMC10455182 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective caries removal approach leads to the need to use materials with the ability to remineralize remaining partially demineralized dentin. Among the materials proposed are resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate, based on in vitro experimental studies, whether RMGICs are suitable for remineralizing affected dentin. A systematic literature search was performed in four databases, followed by article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Studies assessing the remineralizing potential of RMGICs on dentin were included in our review. Studies which compared such properties between different RMGICs or with other materials were also eligible. The studies report the remineralizing ability of RMGICs, albeit with differences between different commercial products. RMGICs show a similar ability to conventional GICs to remineralize affected dentin, fulfilling the function for which they are designed. Moreover, the incorporation of additives, such as bioactive glass (BAG) or CCP-ACP, improves their remineralizing potential. The results of this review support the use of RMGICs as restorative materials after selective caries removal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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López-García S, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Sanz JL, Forner L, Pecci-Lloret MP, Lozano A, Murcia L, Sánchez-Bautista S, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Biological properties of Ceraputty as a retrograde filling material: an in vitro study on hPDLSCs. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4233-4243. [PMID: 37126146 PMCID: PMC10415505 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of the new calcium silicate-based cement Ceraputty on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared to Biodentine and Endosequence BC root repair material (ERRM). MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars from healthy donors. Standardized sample discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following assays were performed: surface element distribution via SEM-EDX, cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT-qPCR, and cell calcified nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned or osteogenic media were used as negative and positive control groups, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA or two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS The highest Ca2+ peak was detected from Biodentine samples, followed by ERRM and Ceraputty. hPDLSC viability was significantly reduced in Ceraputty samples (p < 0.001), while 1:2 and 1:4 Biodentine and ERRM samples similar results to that of the negative control (p > 0.05). Biodentine and ERRM exhibited an upregulation of at least one cemento/odonto/osteogenic marker compared to the negative and positive control groups. Cells cultured with Biodentine produced a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than ERRM and Ceraputty (p < 0.001), which were also higher than the control groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Ceraputty evidenced a reduced cytocompatibility towards hPDLSCs on its lowest dilutions compared to the other tested cements and the control group. Biodentine and ERRM promoted a significantly higher mineralization and osteo/cementogenic marker expression on hPDLSCs compared with Ceraputty. Further studies are necessary to verify the biological properties of this new material and its adequacy as a retrograde filling material. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This is the first study to elucidate the adequate biological properties of Ceraputty for its use as a retrograde filling material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López-García
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, C/ Gascó Oliag 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Bautista
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo E Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008, Murcia, Spain
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Fioresta R, Melo M, Forner L, Sanz JL. Prognosis in home dental bleaching: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05069-0. [PMID: 37273018 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prognosis of at-home dental bleaching using low concentration bleaching products. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review was conducted was performed following the recommendations of the 2020 PRISMA statement and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42022360530). The PICO question was "What is the prognosis of home teeth whitening treatment?". An advanced electronic search was made in three databases: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. RESULTS The database search led to the retrieval of 225 articles. After elimination of duplicate references, the titles and abstracts of the articles were analyzed with respect to the eligibility criteria, and 24 studies were included for the development of the systematic review. CONCLUSIONS Most authors state that the color remains stable between 1 and 2.5 years regardless of the type of bleaching agent or the forms of administration, and color stability in cases of severe discolorations presents a higher degree of recurrence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Given the growing demand for dental cosmetic treatments, the following systematic review may aid the clinician's continuing education and evidence-based practice by providing knowledge on the field of at-home dental bleaching agents and their long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fioresta
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament of Stomatology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gasgó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Iturralde-Garrote A, Sanz JL, Forner L, Melo M, Puig-Herreros C. Volumetric Changes of the Paranasal Sinuses with Age: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12103355. [PMID: 37240460 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are four pairs of paranasal sinuses: maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, and sphenoidal. It is common to see changes in size and shape throughout life, so understanding the effect of age on sinus volume can help in radiographic studies and in planning dental and surgical procedures in the sinus-nasal region. The aim of the present systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of available studies which assess the volumetric characteristics of the sinuses and their changes according to age. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A systematic advanced electronic search was performed in five databases (Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Lilacs) in June-July 2022. Studies that assessed the volumetric changes of paranasal sinuses with age were eligible for inclusion. A qualitative synthesis of the methodology and results of the included studies was performed. Quality assessment was performed using the NIH quality assessment tool. RESULTS A total of 38 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most authors who studied the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses concluded that it begins its development from birth until the maximum peak of growth, from which it begins to decrease in volume with age. Results regarding the volumetric changes of the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses are mixed. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the studies included in the present review, it can be concluded that the volume of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinus appears to decrease with age. Conclusions on the volumetric changes of the sphenoidal and frontal sinuses require further evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Iturralde-Garrote
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Puig-Herreros
- Clínica de Logopedia, Fundació Lluis Alcanyis, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Peñalver E, Peris D, Álvarez-Parra S, Grimaldi DA, Arillo A, Chiappe L, Delclòs X, Alcalá L, Sanz JL, Solórzano-Kraemer MM, Pérez-de la Fuente R. Symbiosis between Cretaceous dinosaurs and feather-feeding beetles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217872120. [PMID: 37068225 PMCID: PMC10151472 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217872120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extant terrestrial vertebrates, including birds, have a panoply of symbiotic relationships with many insects and arachnids, such as parasitism or mutualism. Yet, identifying arthropod-vertebrate symbioses in the fossil record has been based largely on indirect evidence; findings of direct association between arthropod guests and dinosaur host remains are exceedingly scarce. Here, we present direct and indirect evidence demonstrating that beetle larvae fed on feathers from an undetermined theropod host (avian or nonavian) 105 million y ago. An exceptional amber assemblage is reported of larval molts (exuviae) intimately associated with plumulaceous feather and other remains, as well as three additional amber pieces preserving isolated conspecific exuviae. Samples were found in the roughly coeval Spanish amber deposits of El Soplao, San Just, and Peñacerrada I. Integration of the morphological, systematic, and taphonomic data shows that the beetle larval exuviae, belonging to three developmental stages, are most consistent with skin/hide beetles (family Dermestidae), an ecologically important group with extant keratophagous species that commonly inhabit bird and mammal nests. These findings show that a symbiotic relationship involving keratophagy comparable to that of beetles and birds in current ecosystems existed between their Early Cretaceous relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Peñalver
- Centro Nacional Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia46004, Spain
| | - David Peris
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona), Barcelona08038, Spain
| | - Sergio Álvarez-Parra
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - David A. Grimaldi
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New YorkNY10024-5192
| | - Antonio Arillo
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense, Madrid28040, Spain
| | - Luis Chiappe
- Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles90007
| | - Xavier Delclòs
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra i de l’Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Parque de las Ciencias de Andalucía, Granada18006, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid28049, Spain
- Real Academia Española de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Madrid28004, Spain
| | - Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer
- Department of Palaeontology and Historical Geology, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main60325, Germany
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Ashkar I, Sanz JL, Forner L, Melo M. Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer Dentinal Tubule Penetration-A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:2734. [PMID: 37049028 PMCID: PMC10096084 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of in vitro studies which evaluate and compare the penetration of calcium silicate-based sealers into dentinal tubules. A systematic advanced search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Medline (via PubMed), Web of Science, and Cochrane databases on the 1 December 2022. In vitro studies that compared the tubular penetration of at least two calcium silicate-based sealers in extracted human teeth were eligible. PRILE 2021 guidelines were used for the assessment of the risk of bias included studies. The search identified a total of 680 preliminary records, among which 12 studies were eligible for review. The most used methodology to evaluate sealer penetration was the use of a fluorochrome together with the tested sealers and the analysis of their penetration under confocal laser microscopy. Regarding the results of the included studies, calcium silicate-based sealers exhibit a favorable dentinal tubule penetration. Tubular penetration, however, can be affected by factors such as the irrigation protocol, sealer activation, the filling method used, and root canal morphology. EndoSequence BC Sealer showed the highest sealer penetration among the tested sealers. The influence of different fluorochromes on the results of dentinal tubule penetration studies should also be further explored. The in vitro nature of the included studies limits the applicability of the results into the clinical setting. Prospero registration: CRD42022383896.
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11
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Ghilotti J, Fernández I, Sanz JL, Melo M, Llena C. Remineralization Potential of Three Restorative Glass Ionomer Cements: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062434. [PMID: 36983434 PMCID: PMC10058008 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the remineralizing ability of three glass ionomers on demineralized dentin with different thicknesses and time periods. Fifty third molars were obtained and were sectioned into 1-, 2-, and 3-mm thick slices (n = 36 for each thickness). The specimens were demineralized with 18% EDTA for 2 h. From the glass ionomer cements (GICs) under study (Ketac Molar Aplicap, Equia Forte, or Riva Light Cure), 1 mm was placed over each slice, set, and preserved in PBS until observation after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement. For each material, thickness, and time, three samples were prepared. Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), apatite formation was determined on the side opposite to that on which the material had been placed. By means of Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), the changes in the Calcium/Phosphate (Ca/P) ratio were evaluated. These changes were compared between the different materials by means of a two-way ANOVA test, considering time and dentin thickness, for a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: FTIR showed a peak at 1420 cm-1, evidencing the presence of carbonated hydroxyapatite in all the materials after 14 days, which indicates that a remineralization process occurred. Riva Light Cure showed the most homogeneous results at all depths at 28 days. The Ca/P ratio was maximum at 7 days in 2 mm of dentin for Riva Light Cure and Equia Forte HT (3.16 and 3.07; respectively) and for Ketac Molar at 14 days in 1 mm (3.67). All materials induced remineralization. Equia Forte achieved the greatest effect at 2 mm and Ketac Molar at 1 mm, whereas Riva Light Cure showed similar results at all depths. In terms of Ca/P ratio, Equia Forte and Riva Light Cure remineralized best at 2 mm, whereas for Ketac Molar, it was 1 mm. Carbonate apatite formation was higher at 24 h and 7 days for Ketac Molar, whereas it decreased at 14 days for Ketac Molar and peaked in Riva Light Cure and Equia Forte.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ghilotti
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Icíar Fernández
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 1, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Amils R, Escudero C, Oggerin M, Puente Sánchez F, Arce Rodríguez A, Fernández Remolar D, Rodríguez N, García Villadangos M, Sanz JL, Briones C, Sánchez-Román M, Gómez F, Leandro T, Moreno-Paz M, Prieto-Ballesteros O, Molina A, Tornos F, Sánchez-Andrea I, Timmis K, Pieper DH, Parro V. Coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles operating in the continental deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:428-453. [PMID: 36453153 PMCID: PMC10107794 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Microbial activity is a major contributor to the biogeochemical cycles that make up the life support system of planet Earth. A 613 m deep geomicrobiological perforation and a systematic multi-analytical characterization revealed an unexpected diversity associated with the rock matrix microbiome that operates in the subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Members of 1 class and 16 genera were deemed the most representative microorganisms of the IPB deep subsurface and selected for a deeper analysis. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization allowed not only the identification of microorganisms but also the detection of novel activities in the subsurface such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) and anaerobic methane oxidation, the co-occurrence of microorganisms able to maintain complementary metabolic activities and the existence of biofilms. The use of enrichment cultures sensed the presence of five different complementary metabolic activities along the length of the borehole and isolated 29 bacterial species. Genomic analysis of nine isolates identified the genes involved in the complete operation of the light-independent coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles. This study revealed the importance of nitrate reduction microorganisms in the oxidation of iron in the anoxic conditions existing in the subsurface of the IPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amils
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Escudero
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Monike Oggerin
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Arce Rodríguez
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Briones
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | | | - Felipe Gómez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Tania Leandro
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Fernando Tornos
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | | | - Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Victor Parro
- Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
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13
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Sanz JL, López-García S, Forner L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, García-Bernal D, Sánchez-Bautista S, Puig-Herreros C, Rosell-Clari V, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Are Endodontic Solvents Cytotoxic? An In Vitro Study on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112415. [PMID: 36365232 PMCID: PMC9699380 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the influence of eucalyptol, chloroform, and Endosolv on the proliferative capability, cell viability, and migration rates of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro. Solvent eluates were formulated following ISO 10993-5 guidelines, and 1%, 0.25%, and 0.1% dilutions were prepared. The HPDLSCs were isolated from the extracted third molars of healthy donors. The following parameters were assessed: cell viability via trypan blue and IC50 assays, cell migration via horizontal wound healing assay, cell morphology via cell cytoskeleton staining (phalloidin labeling), and cell oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species assay. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s posthoc tests, and their significance was established at p < 0.05. Chloroform and eucalyptol exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity on the hPDLSCs in vitro compared to the control group, as shown by the cell viability, migration, morphology, and reactive oxygen species release assays. Alternatively, Endosolv showed adequate cytotoxicity levels comparable to those of the control group. The cytotoxicity of the tested endodontic solvents increased in a dose-dependent manner. The results from the present study highlight the cytotoxicity of chloroform and eucalyptol. Thus, their limited and cautious use is recommended, avoiding solvent extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Bautista
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Clara Puig-Herreros
- Department of Basic Psychology, Speech Therapy University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicent Rosell-Clari
- Department of Basic Psychology, Speech Therapy University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
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Llena C, Iglesias-Diaz M, Ciscar-Muñoz P, Bataller-Martínez AB, Melo M, Sanz JL. Tooth Bleaching of Discolorations Caused by Hydraulic Cements in Regenerative Endodontic Treatment: A 3-Year In Vitro Study. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7845. [PMID: 36363437 PMCID: PMC9655150 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the color change caused by hydraulic cements after 3 years in vitro by simulating their use in regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) and to quantify the color change after external bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide at 1, 6, and 12 months of follow-up. Fifty teeth were treated simulating RET. Samples were distributed according to the hydraulic cement to be used (n = 10 per group): negative control (no cement), ProRoot-MTA, MM-MTA, TotalFill BC-RRM, or Biodentine. Three years after RET, two sessions of external bleaching with Opalescence Boost were performed. The color was measured in the cervical and incisal halves of the teeth at different time points: baseline, 3 years after performing RET, and after 1, 6, and 12 months after bleaching. The ΔL, Δa, and Δb were determined. A generalized linear model was used to compare color considering group and time. The ΔEab and the ΔE00 were calculated and the acceptability in color change was determined. Three years after RET, a reduction in lightness (negative ΔL values) was found in all groups. These values significantly increased 1 month after bleaching in all groups (p < 0.05) and reversed at 6 months. One month after bleaching, ΔE00 values (color difference tolerance (CIEDE2000)) ranged from very good (>3.6 ≤ 5.4) to excellent (>5.4). One year after bleaching, the color reverted to values similar to those found 3 years after RET. All groups became darker after RET. The color recovered and even improved compared with the baseline measurement after one month of bleaching but did not remain stable over time.
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Puig-Herreros C, Sanz JL, Rosell-Clari V, Barona L, Melo M. What Are the Contemporary Trends on Euphonic Voice Research? A Scientometric Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112137. [PMID: 36360478 PMCID: PMC9690488 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The study of the human euphonic voice is a subject that has been researched in recent years from different perspectives. Therefore, it is pertinent to assess the current state of the science. The aim of analyzing the characteristics of normal voice-related publications over the last 11 years is to identify research trends, the numerical and temporal evolution of the publications, their type, and the most-used descriptors. (2) Methods: Bibliometric data from 2011 to 2021 were obtained through several databases. Subsequently, a science mapping analysis was made via VOSviewer software. (3) Results: A total of 901 publications were obtained. The analysis of the scientific production on the field of study regarding the euphonic voice shows a slight increase over the last 11 years, with an average of 82 publications per year. Co-authorship analysis revealed a 6215 authors contributing to the field with a 901 articles (headed by Jiang, J.J. with 18 articles). Keyword co-occurrence analysis highlighted the lack of temporal advancement and variety in the terminology used in the field of voice research. (4) Conclusions: This scientometric study sheds light to the need to broaden in this field of study and the establishment of solid research groups to contribute to its advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Puig-Herreros
- Department of Basic Psychology, Speech Therapy University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Dental University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Vicent Rosell-Clari
- Department of Basic Psychology, Speech Therapy University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
| | - Luz Barona
- Department of Otolaryngology, Barona Clinic, Casa de la Salud Hospital, 46021 València, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Dental University Clinic, Universitat de València, 46010 València, Spain
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Ashkar I, Sanz JL, Forner L. Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Glide Path Rotary Files: A Systematic Review of in Vitro Studies. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:6662. [PMID: 36234003 PMCID: PMC9571085 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review was to perform a qualitative synthesis of in vitro studies that assess the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary glide path (GP) files of endodontic applications. Systematic electronic searches were performed in the Medline, Embase, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science databases on 15 February 2022, and were last updated on 1 April In vitro studies that evaluated and compared the cyclic fatigue resistance of at least one rotary GP file system with another rotary GP file system were included. A total of 25 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. All studies assessing the difference in the cyclic fatigue resistance between continuous and reciprocating rotation in rotary glide path files found that the latter resulted in a significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance, as evidenced by a higher number of cycles until fracture and/or time until fracture. Within the limitations of this review and the in vitro nature of the included studies, the results indicate that the cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary GP files may be influenced by several intrinsic factors of the files, such as their taper, cross-sectional design, alloy properties, kinematics, and external factors, such as the curvature and radius at which the file is activated, the irrigation or lubricant used, and the temperature.
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Ortiz-Blanco B, Sanz JL, Llena C, Lozano A, Forner L. Dentin Sealing of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers in Root Canal Retreatment: A Confocal Laser Microscopy Study. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030114. [PMID: 35997452 PMCID: PMC9397037 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the intratubular penetration of three bioceramic sealers in root canal retreatment. Here, 30 single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with the Protaper Universal system and filled with gutta-percha and the epoxy-resin-based sealer AH Plus mixed with rhodamine B. After two weeks in a humid environment, they were re-instrumented with Reciproc Blue and divided into three groups according to the endodontic sealer to be used in the re-filling (n = 10): G1: CeraSeal, G2: TotalFill BC Sealer, G3: TotalFill BC Sealer HiFlow. For the filling, a single cone technique was used, and the respective sealers were mixed with fluorescein. The roots were then sectioned at 2, 5, and 8 mm (apical, medial, and coronal measurement points, respectively) from the apex, and the dentinal tubule penetration depth and percentage of penetration around the canal perimeter were evaluated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Penetration between groups was compared using the Kruskal−Wallis test, and within each group using the Wilcoxon test. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. A non-significant reduction was found in the penetration depths and in a percentage of penetration around the canal perimeter between AH Plus and the tested calcium-silicate-based sealers (p > 0.05). Consequently, this reduction may not affect the three-dimensional seal of the root canal system in a negative manner. The penetration depth and percentage of penetration around the canal perimeter at both the root canal treatment and retreatment were significantly reduced from the coronal to apical points in all groups (p < 0.05).
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Sanz JL, López‐García S, Rodríguez‐Lozano FJ, Melo M, Lozano A, Llena C, Forner L. Cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer: an
in vitro
study. Int Endod J 2022; 55:1066-1080. [PMID: 35950780 PMCID: PMC9541143 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim To assess the cytocompatibility and bioactive potential of the new calcium silicate cement‐based sealer AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs) on human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) compared with the epoxy resin‐based sealer AH Plus (AHP) and the calcium silicate cement‐based sealer Endosequence BC Sealer (ESbcs). Methodology Standardized sample discs and 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following assays were performed: surface element distribution via SEM–EDX, cell attachment and morphology via SEM, cell viability via a MTT assay, cell migration/proliferation via a wound‐healing assay, osteo/cemento/odontogenic marker expression via RT‐qPCR and cell mineralized nodule formation via Alizarin Red S staining. HPDLSCs were isolated from extracted third molars. Comparisons were made with hPDLSCs cultured in unconditioned (negative control) or osteogenic (positive control) culture media. Statistical significance was established at p < .05. Results A higher peak of Ca2+ was detected from ESbcs compared with AHPbcs and AHP in SEM–EDX. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs showed significantly positive results in the cytocompatibility assays (cell viability, migration/proliferation, attachment and morphology) compared with a negative control group, whilst AHP showed significant negative results. Both AHPbcs and ESbcs exhibited an upregulation of at least one osteo/odonto/cementogenic marker compared with the negative and positive control groups. Both ESbcs and AHPbcs showed a significantly higher calcified nodule formation than the negative and positive control groups, indicative of their biomineralization potential and were also significantly higher than AHP group. Conclusion AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer exhibited a significantly higher cytocompatibility and bioactive potential than AH Plus and a similar cytocompatibility to that of Endosequence BC Sealer. Endosequence BC Sealer exhibited a significantly higher mineralization potential than the other tested sealers. The results from this in vitro study act as supporting evidence for the use of AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Sergio López‐García
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez‐Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia Universitat de València Valencia Spain
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Guerrero-Gironés J, Forner L, Sanz JL, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Ghilotti J, Llena C, Lozano A, Melo M. Scientific production on silicate-based endodontic materials: evolution and current state: a bibliometric analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:5611-5624. [PMID: 35776202 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a bibliometric analysis on silicate-based biomaterials in endodontics; to elucidate the evolution and distribution of scientific production regarding research on these biomaterials, the authors and institutions involved, and the most used descriptors/keywords in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS A general advanced broad search was performed in Web of Science Core Collection, using the terms "Silicate" and "Endod*." By means of the "Analyze Results" and "Citation Analysis" tools from Web of Science, bibliometric data were extracted. Bibliometric networks on co-authorship and keyword co-occurrence were illustrated using VOSviewer software tool. RESULTS Research in the field of silicate-based endodontic materials in endodontics has followed an exponential crescent tendency over the period between 1995 and 2020. Two major co-authorship networks lead the research production in the field, headed by Gandolfi MG and Prati C, and Rodríguez-Lozano FJ and Forner L; respectively. "Mineral trioxide aggregate," "MTA", "Biocompatibility," "Biodentine," and "In vitro" were the terms with the highest occurrence. The modal study type in this research area are laboratory studies, representing 77.7% of the total number of records. The relationship between keywords illustrates the recent tendency to assess biological properties of MTA and Biodentine, which could be extrapolated to other silicate-based materials. CONCLUSIONS The results from the present study highlight the exponential increase and distribution of scientific production on silicate-based materials in endodontics, along with the modal keywords used as descriptors and the major authorship networks involved. The predominance of laboratory studies in this research field reinforces the need for clinical studies, to extrapolate the reported performance and characteristics of silicate-based materials into the clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present study may aid the clinician's continuing education and evidence-based practice by providing knowledge and facilitating the literature search on the field of silicate-based biomaterials in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gascó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gascó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.,Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - James Ghilotti
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gascó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gascó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gascó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, C. Gascó Oliag, 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Melo M, Sanz JL, Forner L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Guerrero-Gironés J. Current Status and Trends in Research on Caries Diagnosis: A Bibliometric Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19095011. [PMID: 35564406 PMCID: PMC9102117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There are a wide variety of devices for the detection and diagnosis of caries from the initial stages. The purpose of this study was to perform a bibliometric study on research regarding caries diagnosis by identifying the contributing researchers, organizations, countries or regions, journals, and to provide an analysis of keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship networks. An advanced search was performed in Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection database, using the terms “caries diagno*” and “caries detect*” in the “topic” field, from 2013 to 2021. Bibliometric parameters were extracted using WOS’s analyze results tools and VOSviewer software. A total of 816 documents were identified. Most of them, (61.3%) are included in “Dentistry Oral Surgery & Medicine” category within WOS. The largest scientific production on the subject is observed between 2018 and 2021, with a total of 344 records. The most productive author is Mendes FM, followed by Braga MM. The journal with the most articles published on caries diagnosis is Caries Research, with 55 articles (6.74%). The terms with the highest co-occurrence refer to the validity of diagnostic methods, tools or principles used in diagnosis or general aspects related to caries detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.J.R.-L.); (J.G.-G.)
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Gerodontology and Special Care Dentistry Unit, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (F.J.R.-L.); (J.G.-G.)
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21
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Lozano-Guillén A, López-García S, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Sanz JL, Lozano A, Llena C, Forner L. Comparative cytocompatibility of the new calcium silicate-based cement NeoPutty versus NeoMTA Plus and MTA on human dental pulp cells: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:7219-7228. [PMID: 36053352 PMCID: PMC9708762 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present in vitro study is to determine the cytocompatibility of the recently introduced NeoPutty in contact with human dental pulp cells compared with its precursor NeoMTA Plus and the classic gold standard MTA Angelus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sample disks were obtained for each of the tested materials (5 mm diameter; 2 mm thickness; n = 30), along with 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 material eluents. HDPCs were extracted and cultured with the tested materials (test groups) or in unconditioned medium (control group), and the following biocompatibility assays were performed: MTT assay, scratch wound assay, cell cytoskeleton staining assays, and cell attachment assessment via SEM. Additionally, material ion release and surface element composition were evaluated via ICP-MS and SEM-EDX, respectively. Each experimental condition was carried out three times and assessed in three independent experiments. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS 1:2 dilutions of all the tested materials exhibited a comparable cell viability to that of the control group at 48 and 72 h of culture (p < 0.05). The same was observed for 1:4 dilutions of the tested materials at 24, 48, and 72 h of culture (p > 0.05). All the tested materials exhibited adequate cytocompatibility in the remaining biocompatibility assays. MTA exhibited a significantly higher calcium ion release compared to NeoPutty and NeoMTA Plus (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results from the present work elucidate the adequate cytocompatibility of NeoPutty, NeoMTA Plus, and MTA Angelus towards human dental pulp cells. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Within the limitations of the present in vitro study, our results may act as preliminary evidence for its use in vital pulp therapy as a pulp capper. However, results need to be interpreted with caution until further clinical supporting evidence is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lozano-Guillén
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain ,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de La Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain ,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Moreno T, Sanz JL, Melo M, Llena C. Overtreatment in Restorative Dentistry: Decision Making by Last-Year Dental Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312585. [PMID: 34886311 PMCID: PMC8656524 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the tendency for overdiagnosis and overtreatment upon different clinical situations among last-year students from the degree in dentistry from Valencia University (Spain) during the 2018-2019 course. A questionnaire consisting of 10 case exemplifications examining the diagnosis, treatment, and clinician's attitude towards different common clinical situations regarding restorative dentistry was designed. Fifty-two students were surveyed, from whom 42 completed the questionnaire (80.77%). Data were analyzed descriptively. A total of 58.8% of the students correctly identified an early carious lesion in the occlusal surface of a molar, while 63.2% would perform unnecessary complementary tests for its diagnosis. The treatment for carious lesions in different evolutive phases with a vital pulp was correct between 51.2 and 92.7% of the cases. The treatment for irreversible pulp pathology and the restoration of the tooth with root canal treatment were adequately selected in 56.1% and 78.3% of the cases, respectively. For the repair of a faulty restoration, an overtreatment was proposed by 87.8% of the students. A tendency to perform unnecessary complementary tests for caries diagnosis was observed. Treatment caries proposals were in accordance with available evidence in the majority of the cases. Students tended to overtreat defective restorations and would perform unnecessary treatments in medically compromised patients.
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23
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Sanz JL, Soler-Doria A, López-García S, García-Bernal D, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Lozano A, Llena C, Forner L, Guerrero-Gironés J, Melo M. Comparative Biological Properties and Mineralization Potential of 3 Endodontic Materials for Vital Pulp Therapy: Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and Biodentine on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2021; 47:1896-1906. [PMID: 34425148 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the biological properties and mineralization potential of the new Theracal PT (Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL) compared with its predecessor Theracal LC (Bisco Inc) and the hydraulic silicate-based cement Biodentine (Septodont, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in vitro. METHODS Standardized sample discs were obtained for each material (n = 30) together with 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 material eluates. Previously characterized hDPSCs were cultured with the different materials in standardized conditions, and the following assays were performed: a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, a wound healing assay, Annexin-V-FITC and 7-AAD staining (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), reactive oxygen species production analysis, cell adhesion and morphology evaluation via scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence, quantification of the expression of osteo/odontogenic markers via real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and alizarin red S staining. Statistical significance was established at P < .05. RESULTS All of the tested dilutions of Theracal LC exhibited a significantly higher cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species production (P < .001) and a lower cell migration rate than the control group (hDPSCs cultured in growth medium without material extracts) at all of the measured time points (P < .001). Both 1:4 Theracal PT and Biodentine-treated hDPSCs exhibited similar levels of cytocompatibility to that of the control group, a significant up-regulation of at least 1 odontogenic marker (Biodentine: dentin sialophosphoprotein (P < .05); Theracal PT: osteonectin and runt-related transcription factor 2 [P < .001]), and a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The newly introduced TheraCal PT offers an improved in vitro cytocompatibility and mineralization potential on hDPSCs compared with its predecessor, TheraCal LC, and comparable biological properties to Biodentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Doria
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio López-García
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - David García-Bernal
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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24
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Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, Pecci-Lloret MP, Pecci-Lloret MR, Melo M. Biological interactions between calcium silicate-based endodontic biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2025-2043. [PMID: 34338339 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most recently, the biological interactions, that is cytocompatibility, cell differentiation and mineralization potential, between calcium silicate-based biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been studied at an in vitro level, in order to predict their clinical behaviour during endodontic procedures involving direct contact with periodontal tissues, namely root canal treatment, endodontic surgery and regenerative endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the biological interaction of PDLSCs and calcium silicate-based biomaterials. METHODOLOGY The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An advanced database search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SciELO on 1 July 2020 and last updated on 22 April 2021. Studies assessing the biological interactions of PDLSCs with calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) and/or cements (CSCs) at an in vitro level were considered for inclusion. The evaluation of the 'biological interaction' was defined as any assay or test on the cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, cell plasticity or differentiation potential, and bioactive properties of PDLSCs cultured in CSC or CSS-conditioned media. Quality (risk of bias) was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro studies of dental materials. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis. CSCs and CSSs, as a group of endodontic materials, exhibit adequate cytocompatibility and favour the osteo/cementogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of PDLSCs, as evidenced from the in vitro studies included in the present systematic review. DISCUSSION The influence of the compositional differences, inclusion of additives, sample preparation, and varying conditions and manipulations on the biological properties of calcium silicate-based materials remain a subject for future research. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the in vitro nature of the included studies, this work supports the potential use of calcium silicate-based endodontic materials in stem cell therapy and biologically based regenerative endodontic procedures. REGISTRATION OSF Registries; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SQ9UY.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel R Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Llena C, Hernández M, Melo M, Sanz JL, Forner L. Follow-up of patients subjected to direct and indirect pulp capping of young permanent teeth. A retrospective study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2021; 7:429-435. [PMID: 33382210 PMCID: PMC8404490 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A retrospective study of the success rate of direct pulp capping (DPC) and indirect pulp capping (IPC) was carried out in children between 6-14 years-old, considering separately primary caries or caries affecting teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected in a dental public health service. Following the inclusion criteria, 232 treatments were analyzed. Success was defined by the presence of a functional tooth without clinical signs or symptoms of pulpal or periapical disease. The success rate was correlated to patient gender, the affected tooth and the indication of therapy using the chi-squared and Fisher exact test. The success time related to treatment type was evaluated through the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS The IPC and DPC success rate was 99.4%, and 84.6%, respectively (p = .01). Success was significantly lower when caries affected teeth with MIH than when caries affected teeth without MIH (p = .01). The mean survival for DPC and IPC was 14.07 ± 1.30 and 15.98 ± 0.80 months, respectively (p = .07). CONCLUSIONS When caries were located in teeth that were not affected by MIH, IPC was significantly more successful than DPC, but did not differ significantly when caries were placed in teeth with MIH. Key points Minimally invasive therapy is a successful approach for decayed young permanent teeth. The success of IPC was greater than the success of DPC wen caries was placed in teeth not affected by MIH. In teeth not affected by MIH the success of DPC or IPC did not differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Llena
- Departament of StomatologyUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | | | - Maria Melo
- Departament of StomatologyUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departament of StomatologyUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament of StomatologyUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
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26
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Conejero MJ, Almenar A, Forner L, Sanz JL, Llena C. Retrospective clinical evaluation of root canal treatment with or without photodynamic therapy for necrotic teeth and teeth subjected to retreatment. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:163-166. [PMID: 33731503 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a procedure to complement root canal treatment (RCT), for both primary treatment and retreatment. METHODS This was a retrospective study based on analysis of clinical records. A total of 214 teeth that had undergone RCT on either a primary or retreatment basis, with or without complementary PDT, were evaluated. For 118 teeth that met the previously established inclusion criteria, the time until healing was evaluated. Complementarily, the need for application of calcium hydroxide (CaHy) between visits and the number of visits necessary for completing the treatment were assessed. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and χ2 tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. RESULTS Periapical radiolucency resolution was achieved at 15 ± 9.33 months in the RCT + PDT group and 20.35 ± 22.1 months in the RCT group (P = 0.07). For primary treatment, CaHy was necessary in 72.4% of the RCT cases and 16.4% of the RCT + PDT cases (P < 0.01). For retreatment cases, CaHy was used in 82.7% of the RCT cases and 17% of the RCT + PDT cases (P < 0.01). In the RCT group, more than two visits were necessary for primary treatment in 18.6% of the cases, compared with 13.10% in the RCT + PDT group (P = 0.31), whereas for retreatment, more than two visits were necessary for 64.9% and 49.1% of cases, respectively (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION In comparison with RCT alone, teeth receiving RCT + PDT showed less variation in the time needed for periapical lesion healing, fewer cases required CaHy, and fewer cases required more than two visits to complete the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia
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27
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Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, López-García S, García-Bernal D, Sanz JL, Lozano A, Pecci-Lloret MP, Melo M, López-Ginés C, Forner L. Cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the new dual-curing resin-modified calcium silicate-based material for vital pulp therapy. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5009-5024. [PMID: 33638052 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of Theracal PT, Theracal LC, and MTA Angelus, considered as bioactive materials used for vital pulp treatment, on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were isolated from third molars, and material eluates were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). The hDPSC cytotoxicity, adhesion, morphology, viability, and cell migration were assessed. The mineralization nodule formation was determined by Alizarin red S staining (ARS). The odonto/osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed by osteo/odontogenic marker expression real-time qPCR. The chemical composition and ion release of the vital pulp materials were determined by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Statistical differences were assessed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The three vital pulp materials showed variable levels of calcium, tungsten, silicon, and zirconium release and in their chemical composition. Cytocompatibility assays revealed higher hDPSC viability and migration rates when treated with Theracal PT than with Theracal LC. The lowest cell adhesion and spreading were observed in all Theracal LC-treated groups, whereas the highest were observed when treated with MTA. Theracal PT and MTA promoted the upregulation of DSPP and RUNX2 gene expression (p < 0.05). After 21 days, both MTA Angelus and Theracal PT-treated cells exhibited a significantly higher mineralized nodule formation than the negative control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the favorable in vitro cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of the recently introduced Theracal PT and the well-established MTA Angelus on hDPSCs, as opposed to Theracal LC. More studies, including in vivo animal testing are suggested before these new formulations might be used in the clinical setting. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Theracal PT is a new material that could be clinically suitable for vital pulp therapy. Further studies considering its biocompatibility and bioactivity are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- School of Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer 2 pl., University of Murcia, Av. Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain.
| | - S López-García
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - D García-Bernal
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - J L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Melo
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - C López-Ginés
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Forner
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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Sanz JL, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Lopez-Gines C, Monleon D, Llena C, Forner L. Dental stem cell signaling pathway activation in response to hydraulic calcium silicate-based endodontic cements: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e256-e268. [PMID: 33573840 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a qualitative synthesis of in vitro studies which analyzed human dental stem cell (DSC) molecular signaling pathway activation in response to hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (HCSCs). METHODS A systematic electronic search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SciELO databases on January 20 and last updated on March 20, 2020. In vitro studies assessing the implication of signaling pathways in activity related marker (gene/protein) expression and mineralization induced by HCSCs in contact with human DSCs were included. RESULTS The search identified 277 preliminary results. After discarding duplicates, and screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts, 13 articles were considered eligible. All of the materials assessed by the included studies showed positive results in cytocompatibility and/or bioactivity assays. ProRoot MTA and Biodentine were the modal HCSCs studied, hDPSCs were the modal cell variant used, and the most studied signaling pathway was MAPK. In vitro assays measuring the expression of activity-related markers and mineralized nodule formation evidenced the involvement of MAPK (and its subfamilies ERK, JNK and P38), NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smad and CAMKII pathways in the biological response of DSCs to HCSCs. SIGNIFICANCE HCSCs considered in the present review elicited a favorable biological response from a variety of DSCs in vitro, thus supporting their use in biologically-based endodontic procedures. MAPK, NF-κβ, Wnt/β-catenin, BMP/Smad and CAMKII signaling pathways have been proposed as potential mediators in the biological interaction between DSCs and HCSCs. Understanding the signaling processes involved in tissue repair could lead to the development of new biomaterial compositions targeted at enhancing these mechanisms through biologically-based procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Concha Lopez-Gines
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Veras STS, Rojas P, Florencio L, Kato MT, Sanz JL. 1,3-Propanediol production from glycerol in polyurethane foam containing anaerobic reactors: performance and biomass cultivation and retention. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:45662-45674. [PMID: 32803577 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of batch and upflow anaerobic reactors filled with polyurethane foam for pure glycerol fermentation was evaluated. The best reactor operational conditions to obtain high yield and productivity of 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) as the main product and the role of the polyurethane foam in the growth and retention of suspended and attached biomass in the reactors were investigated. In the experiment at 30 °C with a batch reactor (700 mL), biomass growth was mostly as immobilized attached cells, and the achieved 1,3-PDO yield was up to 0.58 mol mol-gly-1. In the experiment (30 °C) with an upflow anaerobic reactor (717 mL), glycerol loading rates (gly-LR) ranging from 6.94 to 15.47 g gly L-1 day-1 were applied during a 102-day period. During the operation, average 1,3-PDO yield was 0.47 mol mol-gly-1, reaching a maximum of 0.51 mol mol-gly-1 at gly-LR of 13.57 g gly L-1 day-1. High 1,3-PDO productivity (5.35 to 5.44 g L-1 day-1) was obtained when gly-LR was 13.57 to 15.47 g gly L-1 day-1. Comparing the close yield values in both batch and continuous reactors and based on microbial evaluation, it is concluded that most of the 1,3-PDO generated in the continuous reactor was due to the suspended biomass retained by the foam cubes. The Clostridium genus was the predominant 1,3-PDO producer. Good yields and productivities with packed reactors were attributed to polyurethane foam used for mixed culture growth and retention. Consequently, they are worth considering for 1,3-PDO production from pure glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyrlane T S Veras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Laboratório de Saneamento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50740-530, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patricia Rojas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdinha Florencio
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Laboratório de Saneamento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50740-530, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mario T Kato
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, Laboratório de Saneamento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, Cidade Universitária, CEP 50740-530, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Sanz JL, Forner L, Llena C, Guerrero-Gironés J, Melo M, Rengo S, Spagnuolo G, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ. Cytocompatibility and Bioactive Properties of Hydraulic Calcium Silicate-Based Cements (HCSCs) on Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHEDs): A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123872. [PMID: 33260782 PMCID: PMC7761433 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of hydraulic calcium silicate-based endodontic cements (HCSCs) in biologically based endodontic procedures for the primary dentition has been recently investigated, focusing on the biological response of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) towards them. The present systematic review aimed to present a qualitative synthesis of the available literature consisting of in vitro assays, which assessed the cytocompatibility and bioactive properties of HCSCs in direct contact with SHEDs. Following the PRISMA statement, an electronic database search was carried out in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and SciELO on March 31st and updated on November 16th, 2020. In vitro studies evaluating the biological response of SHEDs to the treatment with HCSCs were eligible. Within the term biological response, assays assessing the cytocompatibility (i.e., cell viability, migration, proliferation), cell plasticity or differentiation (i.e., osteo/odontogenic marker expression), and bioactivity or biomineralization (i.e., mineralized nodule formation) were included. A total of seven studies were included after the selection process. The study sample comprised an extensive range of cell viability, migration, proliferation, adhesion, and bioactivity assays regarding the biological response of SHEDs towards five different commercially available HCSCs (MTA, ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, iRoot BP Plus, and Theracal LC). Biodentine, MTA, and iRoot BP Plus showed significant positive results in cytocompatibility and bioactivity assays when cultured with SHEDs. The results from in vitro assays assessing the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of the HCSCs MTA, Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus towards SHEDs support their use in vital pulp treatment for the primary dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963864175
| | - Carmen Llena
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.-G.); (F.J.R.-L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d’Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (C.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Sandro Rengo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (S.R.); (G.S.)
- Institute of Dentistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119146, Russia
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (J.G.-G.); (F.J.R.-L.)
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Sanz JL, López-García S, Lozano A, Pecci-Lloret MP, Llena C, Guerrero-Gironés J, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. Microstructural composition, ion release, and bioactive potential of new premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers indicated for warm vertical compaction technique. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1451-1462. [PMID: 32651645 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructural composition, ion release, cytocompatibility, and mineralization potential of Bio-C Sealer ION+ (BCI) and EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCHiF), compared with AH Plus (AHP), in contact with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sealers' ionic composition and release were assessed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. For the biological assays, hPDLCs were isolated from third molars, and sealer extracts were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). An MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and cell morphology and adhesion analysis were performed. Activity-related gene expression was determined using RT-qPCR, and mineralization potential was assessed using Alizarin Red staining (ARS). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α < 0.05). RESULTS The three sealers exhibited variable levels of silicon, calcium, zirconium, and tungsten release and in their composition. Both BCI and BCHiF groups showed positive results in cytocompatibility assays, unlike AHP. The BCHiF group showed an upregulation of CAP (p < 0.01), CEMP1, ALP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001) compared with the negative control, while the BCI group showed an upregulation of CEMP1 (p < 0.01), CAP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001). Both groups also exhibited a greater mineralization potential than the negative and positive controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The calcium silicate-based sealers considered in the present in vitro study exhibited a high calcium ion release, adequate cytocompatibility, upregulated osteo/cementogenic gene expression, and increased mineralized nodule formation in contact with hPDLCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE From a biological perspective, BCI and BCHiF could be clinically suitable for root canal filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - S López-García
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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Vidal D, Mocho P, Aberasturi A, Sanz JL, Ortega F. High browsing skeletal adaptations in Spinophorosaurus reveal an evolutionary innovation in sauropod dinosaurs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6638. [PMID: 32313018 PMCID: PMC7171156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sauropods were among the most diverse lineages of dinosaurs, with an ample geographic distribution throughout the Mesozoic. This evolutionary success is largely attributed to neck elongation and its impact on feeding efficiency. However, how neck elongation influenced exactly on feeding strategies is subject of debate. The process of mounting a nearly complete virtual skeleton of Spinophorosaurus nigerensis, from the Middle (?) Jurassic of Niger, has revealed several previously unknown osteological adaptations in this taxon. Wedged sacral and posterior dorsal vertebrae cause the presacral column to deflect antero-dorsally. This, together with elongated scapulae and humeri make the anterior region of the skeleton vertically lengthened. Also, elongated prezygapophyseal facets on the cervical vertebrae and a specialized first dorsal vertebra greatly increase the vertical range of motion of the neck. These characters support this early eusauropod as a more capable high browser than more basally branching sauropods. While limb proportions and zygapophyseal facets vary among Eusauropoda, the sacrum retained more than 10° of wedging in all Eusauropoda. This implied a functional constraint for sauropod species which evolved lower browsing feeding strategies: the antero-dorsal sloping caused by the sacrum had to be counteracted with further skeletal modifications, e.g. a ventrally curved mid to anterior presacral spine to hinder the dorsal slope of the whole presacral series caused by the wedged sacrum. This suggests that at least the last common ancestor of Eusauropoda developed high browsing capabilities, partially due to the modified wedged sacrum, likely a potential synapomorphy of the clade and key in the evolutionary history of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Vidal
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda Del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - P Mocho
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda Del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, 38Piso, sala 6.3.57, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- The Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., 90007, CA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - A Aberasturi
- Museo Paleontológico de Elche, Carrer Sant Joan, 3, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - J L Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin, 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Real Academia Española de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Calle Valverde, 24, 28004, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Ortega
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda Del Rey, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Sanz JL, Forner L, Almudéver A, Guerrero-Gironés J, Llena C. Viability and Stimulation of Human Stem Cells from the Apical Papilla (hSCAPs) Induced by Silicate-Based Materials for Their Potential Use in Regenerative Endodontics: A Systematic Review. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13040974. [PMID: 32098171 PMCID: PMC7078727 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood clot formation in the apical third of the root canal system has been shown to promote further root development and reinforcement of dentinal walls by the deposition of mineralized tissue, resulting in an advancement from traditional apexification procedures to a regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) for non-vital immature permanent teeth. Silicate-based hydraulic biomaterials, categorized as bioactive endodontic cements, emerged as bright candidates for their use in RET as coronal barriers, sealing the previously induced blood clot scaffold. Human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAPs) surviving the infection may induce or at least be partially responsible for the regeneration or repair shown in RET. The aim of this study is to present a qualitative synthesis of available literature consisting of in vitro assays which analyzed the viability and stimulation of hSCAPs induced by silicate-based hydraulic biomaterials. A systematic electronic search was carried out in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and SciELO databases, followed by a study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment following the PRISMA protocol. In vitro studies assessing the viability, proliferation, and/or differentiation of hSCAPs as well as their mineralization potential and/or osteogenic, odontogenic, cementogenic and/or angiogenic marker expression in contact with commercially available silicate-based materials were included in the present review. The search identified 73 preliminary references, of which 10 resulted to be eligible for qualitative synthesis. The modal materials studied were ProRoot MTA and Biodentine. Both bioceramic materials showed significant positive results when compared to a control for hSCAP cell viability, migration, and proliferation assays; a significant up-regulation of hSCAP odontogenic/osteogenic marker (ALP, DSPP, BSP, Runx2, OCN, OSX), angiogenic growth factor (VEGFA, FIGF) and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) expression; and a significant increase in hSCAP mineralized nodule formation assessed by Alizarin Red staining. Commercially available silicate-based materials considered in the present review can potentially induce mineralization and odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of hSCAPs, thus prompting their use in regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Dental Pathology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Dental Pathology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (A.A.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96386-4175
| | - Alicia Almudéver
- Dental Pathology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Special Care and Gerodontology Unit, Department of Stomatology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Carmen Llena
- Dental Pathology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.S.); (A.A.); (C.L.)
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Vidal D, Mocho P, Páramo A, Sanz JL, Ortega F. Ontogenetic similarities between giraffe and sauropod neck osteological mobility. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227537. [PMID: 31929581 PMCID: PMC6957182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional morphology of sauropod dinosaur long necks has been studied extensively, with virtual approaches yielding results that are difficult to obtain with actual fossils, due to their extreme fragility and size. However, analyses on virtual fossils have been questioned on several of their premises, such as the ability to accurately reconstruct intervertebral tissue with only skeletal data; or whether zygapophyseal overlap can be used to determine the limits of range of motion, since some extreme neck poses in extant giraffes have been claimed not to retain any zygapophyseal overlap. We compared articulation and range of motion in extant giraffes with the exceptionally well-preserved and complete basally branching eusauropod Spinophorosaurus nigerensis from the Middle (?) Jurassic of Niger, under the same virtual paleontology protocols. We examined the articulation and range of motion on grown and young specimens of both Spinophorosaurus and giraffes in order to record any potential changes during ontogeny. Also, the postures of virtual giraffes were compared with previously published data from living animals in the wild. Our analyses show that: (i) articulation of virtual bones in osteologically neutral pose (ONP) does enable accurate prediction of the amount of inter-vertebral space in giraffes and, roughly, in Spinophorosaurus; (ii) even the most extreme neck postures attained by living giraffes in the wild do not require to disarticulate cervical vertebrae; (iii) both living giraffes and Spinophorosaurus have large intervertebral spaces between their cervical centra in early ontogenetical stages, which decrease as ontogeny advances; and (iv) that grown specimens have a greater osteological range of motion in living giraffes and Spinophorosaurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vidal
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda Del Rey, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Mocho
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda Del Rey, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Dom Luiz, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6, 38 Piso, sala 6.3.57, Campo Grande, Lisbon, Portugal
- The Dinosaur Institute, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Adrián Páramo
- Unidad de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin, Madrid, Spain
- Real Academia Española de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Calle Valverde, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo Senda Del Rey, Madrid, Spain
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Veras STS, Rojas P, Florencio L, Kato MT, Sanz JL. Production of 1,3-propanediol from pure and crude glycerol using a UASB reactor with attached biomass in silicone support. Bioresour Technol 2019; 279:140-148. [PMID: 30716606 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) yield and productivity from glycerol were studied over a 155-day period. A UASB reactor that also contained silicone support for biomass attachment was used to evaluate the optimal operational conditions and microbiota development. The highest average 1,3-PDO yield was 0.54 and 0.48 mol.mol-gly-1 when reactor pH was 5.0-5.5 and the applied loading rate was 18 and 20 g-gly.L-1.d-1 using the pure and crude substrate, respectively. The productivity was close to 7.5 g.L-1.d-1 for both substrates; therefore, the direct use of crude glycerol can be valorized in practice. Clostridium was the predominant genus for 1,3-PDO production and C. pasteurianum was dominant in the biofilm. Using crude glycerol, C. beijerinckii dropped strongly; some Clostridium population was then replaced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Lactobacillus spp. The good process performance and the advances in the microbiota knowledge are steps forward to obtain a more cost-effective system in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T S Veras
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid 28049, Spain; Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Recife, PE 50740-530, Brazil
| | - P Rojas
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - L Florencio
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Recife, PE 50740-530, Brazil
| | - M T Kato
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Recife, PE 50740-530, Brazil
| | - J L Sanz
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Molecular Biology, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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Sanz JL, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Llena C, Sauro S, Forner L. Bioactivity of Bioceramic Materials Used in the Dentin-Pulp Complex Therapy: A Systematic Review. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12071015. [PMID: 30934746 PMCID: PMC6479584 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dentistry-applied bioceramic materials are ceramic materials that are categorized as bioinert, bioactive and biodegradable. They share a common characteristic of being specifically designed to fulfil their function; they are able to act as root canal sealers, cements, root repair or filling materials. Bioactivity is only attributed to those materials which are capable of inducing a desired tissue response from the host. The aim of this study is to present a systematic review of available literature investigating bioactivity of dentistry-applied bioceramic materials towards dental pulp stem cells, including a bibliometric analysis of such a group of studies and a presentation of the parameters used to assess bioactivity, materials studied and a summary of results. The research question, based on the PICO model, aimed to assess the current knowledge on dentistry-based bioceramic materials by exploring to what extent they express bioactive properties in in vitro assays and animal studies when exposed to dental pulp stem cells, as opposed to a control or compared to different bioceramic material compositions, for their use in the dentin-pulp complex therapy. A systematic search of the literature was performed in six databases, followed by article selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Studies assessing bioactivity of one or more bioceramic materials (both commercially available or novel/experimental) towards dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were included in our review. A total of 37 articles were included in our qualitative review. Quantification of osteogenic, odontogenic and angiogenic markers using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the prevailing method used to evaluate bioceramic material bioactivity towards DPSCs in the current investigative state, followed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme activity assays and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS) to assess mineralization potential. Mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine are the prevalent reference materials used to compare with newly introduced bioceramic materials. Available literature compares a wide range of bioceramic materials for bioactivity, consisting mostly of in vitro assays. The desirability of this property added to the rapid introduction of new material compositions makes this subject a clear candidate for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia), Spain.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences at King's College London, Floor 17 Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Kaye TG, Pittman M, Marugán-Lobón J, Martín-Abad H, Sanz JL, Buscalioni AD. Fully fledged enantiornithine hatchling revealed by Laser-Stimulated Fluorescence supports precocial nesting behavior. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5006. [PMID: 30899080 PMCID: PMC6428842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-Stimulated Fluorescence (LSF) is used to identify fully fledged feathering in the hatchling enantiornithine bird specimen MPCM-LH-26189, supporting precocial nesting behavior in this extinct group. The LSF results include the detection of a long pennaceous wing feather as well as cover feathers around the body. The LSF technique showed improved detection limits over and above synchrotron and UV imaging which had both been performed on this specimen. The findings underscore the value of using a wide range of analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Kaye
- Foundation for Scientific Advancement, Sierra Vista, Arizona, 85650, United States of America.
| | - Michael Pittman
- Vertebrate Palaeontology Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jesús Marugán-Lobón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Martín-Abad
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela D Buscalioni
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Köchling T, Sanz JL, Galdino L, Florencio L, Kato MT. Impact of pollution on the microbial diversity of a tropical river in an urbanized region of northeastern Brazil. Int Microbiol 2019; 20:11-24. [PMID: 28581018 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rivers are important ecosystems that are integrated into biogeochemical cycles and constitute an essential resource for numerous human uses. However, the assessment of the biological diversity and composition of microbial communities found in rivers remains incomplete, partly due to methodological constraints which are only recently being resolved with the advent of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques. Using 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S gene, the present study analyzed the microbial diversity of the planktonic and sediment populations in a tropical river in northeastern Brazil that is exposed to severe pollution. Six water and six sediment samples were analysed. The dominant bacterial phyla in both sediment and water were the Proteobacteria, followed by Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in the water column and by Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria in the sediment. Biological diversity appeared to be greatly decreased by environmental pollution, whereas the microbial community structure was variable across the analyzed transect. Moreover, a narrow relationship between industrial and urban sources of contamination and the bacterial genera detected at these sites has been observed. A variety of potentially pathogenic bacteria was detected, including Klebsiella, Treponema, Faecalibacterium and Enterococcus, indicating that the river might pose a substantial risk to public health. [Int Microbiol 20(1): 11-24 (2017)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Köchling
- Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife PE, Brazil
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
| | - Luiz Galdino
- Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife PE, Brazil
| | - Lourdinha Florencio
- Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife PE, Brazil
| | - Mario T Kato
- Laboratory of Environmental Sanitation, Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife PE, Brazil
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Vidal D, Ortega F, Gascó F, Serrano-Martínez A, Sanz JL. The internal anatomy of titanosaur osteoderms from the Upper Cretaceous of Spain is compatible with a role in oogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42035. [PMID: 28169348 DOI: 10.1038/srep42035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal armor is one of the most intriguing features of some titanosaurs, the only sauropod dinosaurs that bore osteoderms. Some studies have revealed cavities of varying sizes inside some titanosaur osteoderms, interpreted as the result of bone remodeling for mineral mobilization. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the need for mineral mobilization in titanosaurs. However, rejecting those hypotheses was difficult with hitherto available evidence. The Upper Cretaceous site of Lo Hueco (Cuenca; Spain) has yielded one of the largest titanosaur osteoderm sets available. Observation of pre-existing breakages in the fossils and CT-scanning have revealed a predominant internal channel network for bulb and root osteoderms: most had a very compact spongy bone core, perfused by large longitudinal branching neurovascular canals. Only few osteoderms from the same bed, which was deposited in a single and short event, had areas with low-density spongy bone. This void-like low-density bone is always associated with internal channels. It is also present in osteoderms of different sizes. This scenario is best explained when considering that Lo Hueco titanosaurs might have used their osteoderms as a source of calcium that was mobilized during oogenesis, although other hypotheses cannot be completely ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vidal
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Gascó
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, UNED, Paseo Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Darwin 2 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Traverso-Soto JM, Rojas-Ojeda P, Sanz JL, González-Mazo E, Lara-Martín PA. Anaerobic degradation of alcohol ethoxylates and polyethylene glycols in marine sediments. Sci Total Environ 2016; 544:118-124. [PMID: 26657255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This research is focused on alcohol polyethoxylates (AEOs), nonionic surfactants used in a wide variety of products such as household cleaners and detergents. Our main objective in this work was to study the anaerobic degradation of these compounds and their main aerobic degradation products and precursors (polyethylene glycols, PEGs, which are also used for many other applications) in marine sediments, providing the first data available on this topic. First, we observed that average AEO sediment-water partition coefficients (Kd) increased towards those homologs having longer alkyl chains (from 257 L/kg for C12 to 5772 L/kg for C18),which were less susceptible to undergo biodegradation. Overall, AEO and PEG removal percentages reached up to 99.7 and 93%, respectively, after 169 days of incubation using anaerobic conditions in sediments ([O2] = 0 ppm, Eh = -170 to -380 mV and T = 30 °C). Average half-life was estimated to be in a range from 10 to 15 days for AEO homologs (C12AEO8-C18AEO8), and 18 days for PEGEO8.Methanogenic activity proved to be intense during the experiment, confirming the occurrence of anaerobic conditions. This is the first study showing that AEOs and PEGs can be degraded in absence of oxygen in marine sediments, so this new information should be taken into account for future environmental risk assessments on these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Traverso-Soto
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Patricia Rojas-Ojeda
- Unidad de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Crta. De Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Crta. De Colmenar km 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo González-Mazo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain.
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Gasulla JM, Escaso F, Narváez I, Ortega F, Sanz JL. A New Sail-Backed Styracosternan (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Early Cretaceous of Morella, Spain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144167. [PMID: 26673161 PMCID: PMC4691198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new styracosternan ornithopod genus and species is here described based on a partial postcranial skeleton and an associated dentary tooth of a single specimen from the Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, late Barremian) at the Morella locality, (Castellón, Spain). Morelladon beltrani gen. et sp. nov. is diagnosed by eight autapomorphic features. The set of autapomorphies includes: very elongated and vertical neural spines of the dorsal vertebrae, midline keel on ventral surface of the second to fourth sacral vertebrae restricted to the anterior half of the centrum, a posterodorsally inclined medial ridge on the postacetabular process of the ilium that meets its dorsal margin and distal end of the straight ischial shaft laterally expanded, among others. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that the new Iberian form is more closely related to its synchronic and sympatric contemporary European taxa Iguanodon bernissartensis and Mantellisaurus atherfieldensis, known from Western Europe, than to other Early Cretaceous Iberian styracosternans (Delapparentia turolensis and Proa valdearinnoensis). The recognition of Morelladon beltrani gen. et sp. nov. indicates that the Iberian Peninsula was home to a highly diverse medium to large bodied styracosternan assemblage during the Early Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Gasulla
- Unidad de Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Escaso
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Iván Narváez
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Serrano FJ, Palmqvist P, Sanz JL. Multivariate analysis of neognath skeletal measurements: implications for body mass estimation in Mesozoic birds. Zool J Linn Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco José Serrano
- Área de Paleontología; Departamento de Ecología y Geología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Málaga; Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - Paul Palmqvist
- Área de Paleontología; Departamento de Ecología y Geología; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Málaga; Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n 29071 Málaga Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología; Departamento de Biología; C/Darwin 2; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
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Royo-Torres R, Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Mas R, Cobos A, Gascó F, Alcalá L, Sanz JL. The anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and stratigraphic position of the Tithonian-Berriasian Spanish sauropod dinosaurAragosaurus ischiaticus. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Royo-Torres
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología; Avda. Sagunto s/n 44002 Teruel Spain
| | - Paul Upchurch
- Department of Earth Sciences; University College London; Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Philip D. Mannion
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering; Imperial College London; South Kensington Campus London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ramón Mas
- Departamento de Estratigrafía; IGEO (CSIC); Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Ciudad Universitaria 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Alberto Cobos
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología; Avda. Sagunto s/n 44002 Teruel Spain
| | - Francisco Gascó
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología; Avda. Sagunto s/n 44002 Teruel Spain
| | - Luis Alcalá
- Fundación Conjunto Paleontológico de Teruel-Dinópolis/Museo Aragonés de Paleontología; Avda. Sagunto s/n 44002 Teruel Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Paleontología; Departamento de Biología; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 28049 Madrid Spain
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Baena-Nogueras RM, Rojas-Ojeda P, Sanz JL, González-Mazo E, Lara-Martín PA. Reactivity and fate of secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS) in marine sediments. Environ Pollut 2014; 189:35-42. [PMID: 24631971 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This research is focused on secondary alkane sulfonates (SAS), anionic surfactants widely used in household applications that access aquatic environments mainly via sewage discharges. We studied their sorption capacity and anaerobic degradation in marine sediments, providing the first data available on this topic. SAS partition coefficients increased towards those homologues having longer alkyl chains (from up to 141 L kg(-1) for C14 to up to 1753 L kg(-1) for C17), which were those less susceptible to undergo biodegradation. Overall, SAS removal percentages reached up to 98% after 166 days of incubation using anoxic sediments. The degradation pathway consisted on the formation of sulfocarboxylic acids after an initial fumarate attack of the alkyl chain and successive β-oxidations. This is the first study showing that SAS can be degraded in absence of oxygen, so this new information should be taken into account for future environmental risk assessments on these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Baena-Nogueras
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Campus de Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Rojas-Ojeda
- Unidad de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Crta. De Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Unidad de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Crta. De Colmenar km 15, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo González-Mazo
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Campus de Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pablo A Lara-Martín
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), Campus de Río San Pedro s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Rajhi H, Conthe M, Puyol D, Díaz E, Sanz JL. Dark fermentation: isolation and characterization of hydrogen-producing strains from sludges. Int Microbiol 2013; 16:53-62. [PMID: 24151782 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To improve bacterial hydrogen production, ten hydrogen-producing strains belonging to Clostridium spp. were isolated from various sludges under low vacuum. Hydrogenogenesis by dark fermentation in batch cultures of these strains was optimal at about 35 degrees C and an initial pH of 6.5, which for all strains gradually dropped to ca. pH 4 during the fermentation. Clostridium roseum H5 and C. diolis RT2 had the highest hydrogen yields per total substrate (120 ml H2/g initial COD). Substrate consumption alone by C. beijerinckii UAM and C. diolis RT2 reached 573 and 475 ml H2/g consumed COD, respectively. Butyric acid fermentation was predominant, with butyrate and acetate as the major by-products and propionate, ethanol, and lactate as secondary metabolites. The acetate:butyrate ratios and fermentation pathways varied depending on the strains and environmental conditions. Hydrogenogenesis was studied in greater detail in C. saccharobutylicum H1. In butyric acid fermentation by this representative strain, acetoacetate was detected as an intermediate metabolite. Hydrogenogenesis was also analyzed in an enrichment culture, which behaved similarly to the axenic cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifa Rajhi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid. Spain
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Sánchez-Andrea I, Stams AJM, Amils R, Sanz JL. Enrichment and isolation of acidophilic sulfate-reducing bacteria from Tinto River sediments. Environ Microbiol Rep 2013; 5:672-8. [PMID: 24115617 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Although some acidophilic and alkaliphilic species have been described recently, most of the known sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) grow optimally at neutral pH. In this study, sulfate reduction was studied with sediment samples from the extremely acidic Tinto River basin. Stable enrichments of SRB were obtained at pH 4 with glycerol, methanol and hydrogen; at pH 4.5 with lactate and at pH 5.5 with succinate as substrates. Inhibition of sulfate reduction by organic acids below their pKa was observed. Cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed that fermentative bacteria (Paludibacter spp., Oscillibacter spp.) and SRB (Thermodesulfobium spp., Desulfosporosinus spp., Desulfitobacterium spp., Desulfotomaculum spp.) were co-enriched. By repeated serial dilutions and streaking on agar plates, four strains of SRB belonging to the Firmicutes phylum were obtained. Two of them show 96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Desulfosporosinus acidophilus, and a third one with Desulfosporosinus orientis. Another isolate has just 93% rRNA gene sequence similarity with the Desulfosporosinus/Desulfitobacterium cluster and might represent a novel species within a novel genus. One of the Desulfosporosinus strains was further investigated showing maximum growth at pH 5.5, and a pH-dependent inhibitory effect of organic acids and sulfide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Laboratory for Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703 HB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sánchez-Andrea I, Rojas-Ojeda P, Amils R, Sanz JL. Screening of anaerobic activities in sediments of an acidic environment: Tinto River. Extremophiles 2012; 16:829-39. [PMID: 22956355 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Tinto River (Huelva, Spain) is a natural acidic rock drainage environment produced by the bio-oxidation of metallic sulfides from the Iberian Pyritic Belt. A geomicrobiological model of the different microbial cycles operating in the sediments was recently developed through molecular biological methods, suggesting the presence of iron reducers, methanogens, nitrate reducers and hydrogen producers. In this study, we used a combination of molecular biological methods and targeted enrichment incubations to validate this model and prove the existence of those potential anaerobic activities in the acidic sediments of Tinto River. Methanogenic, sulfate-reducing, denitrifying and hydrogen-producing enrichments were all positive at pH between 5 and 7. Methanogenic enrichments revealed the presence of methanogenic archaea belonging to the genera Methanosarcina and Methanobrevibacter. Enrichments for sulfate-reducing microorganisms were dominated by Desulfotomaculum spp. Denitrifying enrichments showed a broad diversity of bacteria belonging to the genera Paenibacillus, Bacillus, Sedimentibacter, Lysinibacillus, Delftia, Alcaligenes, Clostridium and Desulfitobacterium. Hydrogen-producing enrichments were dominated by Clostridium spp. These enrichments confirm the presence of anaerobic activities in the acidic sediments of the Tinto River that are normally assumed to take place exclusively at neutral pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, c/Darwin 2, C-014/021, Campus de Cantoblanco, Crtra. de Colmenar, Km. 15, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Köchling T, Lara-Martín P, González-Mazo E, Amils R, Sanz JL. Microbial community composition of anoxic marine sediments in the Bay of Cádiz (Spain). Int Microbiol 2012; 14:143-54. [PMID: 22101412 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The composition of the microbial community inhabiting the anoxic coastal sediments of the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain) was investigated using a molecular approach consisting of PCR cloning and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), based on 16S rRNA sequences. The total cell count was 1-5 × 10⁸ cells/g sediment and, as determined by catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescent in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH), the proportion of Bacteria to Archaea was about 70:30. The analysis of 16S-rRNA gene sequences revealed a wide spectrum of microorganisms, which could be grouped into 111 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Many of the OTUs showed high phylogenetic similarity to microorganisms living in marine sediments of diverse geographic origin. The phylogenetic groups that were predominantly detected were Firmicutes, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, accounting for 23, 15, and 14% of the clones, respectively. Diversity in the domain Archaea was significantly lower than in the domain Bacteria. The majority of the archaeal OTUs belonged to the Crenarchaeota phylum. Since most of the sequences could not be identified precisely at the genus/species level, the functional roles of the microorganisms in the ecosystem could not be inferred. However, seven OTUs affiliated with the Delta- and Epsilonproteobacteria were identified down to the genus level, with all of the identified genera known to occur in sulfate-rich marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Köchling
- Center for Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Sastre Conde I, Poggi Varaldo H, Lobo Bedmar C, Sanz JL, Macarie H. Environmental risks and problems, strategies to reduce them through biotechnology and engineering. Preface. J Environ Manage 2012; 95 Suppl:S1-S2. [PMID: 22285255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Sánchez-Andrea I, Rodríguez N, Amils R, Sanz JL. Microbial diversity in anaerobic sediments at Rio Tinto, a naturally acidic environment with a high heavy metal content. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:6085-93. [PMID: 21724883 PMCID: PMC3165421 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00654-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tinto River is an extreme environment located at the core of the Iberian Pyritic Belt (IPB). It is an unusual ecosystem due to its size (100 km long), constant acidic pH (mean pH, 2.3), and high concentration of heavy metals, iron, and sulfate in its waters, characteristics that make the Tinto River Basin comparable to acidic mine drainage (AMD) systems. In this paper we present an extensive survey of the Tinto River sediment microbiota using two culture-independent approaches: denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and cloning of 16S rRNA genes. The taxonomic affiliation of the Bacteria showed a high degree of biodiversity, falling into 5 different phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria; meanwhile, all the Archaea were affiliated with the order Thermoplasmatales. Microorganisms involved in the iron (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Sulfobacillus spp., Ferroplasma spp., etc.), sulfur (Desulfurella spp., Desulfosporosinus spp., Thermodesulfobium spp., etc.), and carbon (Acidiphilium spp., Bacillus spp., Clostridium spp., Acidobacterium spp., etc.) cycles were identified, and their distribution was correlated with physicochemical parameters of the sediments. Ferric iron was the main electron acceptor for the oxidation of organic matter in the most acid and oxidizing layers, so acidophilic facultative Fe(III)-reducing bacteria appeared widely in the clone libraries. With increasing pH, the solubility of iron decreases and sulfate-reducing bacteria become dominant, with the ecological role of methanogens being insignificant. Considering the identified microorganisms-which, according to the rarefaction curves and Good's coverage values, cover almost all of the diversity-and their corresponding metabolism, we suggest a model of the iron, sulfur, and organic matter cycles in AMD-related sediments.
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MESH Headings
- Archaea/classification
- Archaea/genetics
- Bacteria/classification
- Bacteria/genetics
- Biodiversity
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA, Archaeal/chemistry
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
- Genes, rRNA
- Geologic Sediments/microbiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Rivers
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spain
- Water Microbiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Sánchez-Andrea
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, Ctra. Ajalvir-Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Amils
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, Ctra. Ajalvir-Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Sanz
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Departamento de Biología Molecular, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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