1
|
Wang HW, Yang CN, Kok SH, Hong CY, Shun CT, Lai EHH, Cheng SJ, Lin HY, Wu FY, Lin SK. 27-Hydroxycholesterol contributes to hypercholesterolemia-associated aggravation of apical periodontitis in ovariectomized rats and raloxifene counteracts its action. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 39256997 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM The influence of hypercholesterolemia on the development of apical periodontitis (AP) is inconclusive. Recent studies revealed that cholesterol metabolite 27-hydoxycholesterol (27HC) can affect cellular responses to bacterial infections and oestrogen status and raloxifene may influence its action. Herein, we aimed to examine the impact of 27HC on production of inflammatory mediators by macrophages and the regulatory function of raloxifene. The contribution of 27HC to AP development and the therapeutic effect of raloxifene were evaluated in a rat model. METHODS Murine macrophages J774 cells were used. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was examined by Western blot. The concentrations of C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 2 and 27HC were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Colorimetric assay was used to evaluate cholesterol levels. Experimental AP was induced in ovariectomized (OVX) or un-operated rats receiving high-fat/high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) or normal diet (ND). Micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry were employed to evaluate disease severity and the therapeutic effect of raloxifene. RESULTS Cholesterol enhanced 27HC production in macrophages. 27HC induced iNOS and CCL2 synthesis by macrophages and estradiol suppressed the responses. In our animal model of AP, HFHCD plus OVX significantly augmented serum and lesion tissue levels of 27HC (p < .05 versus the ND group). Lesion size, infiltration of CD68+ cells, and iNOS+ monocytes were increased in parallel with 27HC accumulation. Raloxifene inhibited pro-inflammatory effects of 27HC on macrophages and suppressed AP progression in HFHCD/OVX rats (p < .05 versus the vehicle control group). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that 27HC contributes to AP aggravation associated with hypercholesterolemia. Oestrogen deficiency may both enhance 27HC production and exacerbate its downstream action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-W Wang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-N Yang
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-H Kok
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Hong
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-T Shun
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - E H-H Lai
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-J Cheng
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-Y Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-Y Wu
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S-K Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stanev E, Vasileva RI. Influence of Osteoporosis on the Course of Apical Periodontitis. Eur J Dent 2024. [PMID: 38759999 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by disruption of the bone microarchitecture. It is observed in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. It affects the whole body, including the jaws. The main indicator of the presence of osteoporosis accepted by the World Health Organization is bone mineral density. The aim of this article is to find data on the influence of osteoporosis on apical periodontitis, to investigate how the intake of osteoporosis drugs affects apical periodontitis, and to establish various data that may be of benefit to the dental practitioner when treating patients with osteoporosis and apical periodontitis. Open-access publications are included. The presence of osteoporosis is important to the dentist. Apical periodontitis in these patients has a faster progression. They are characterized by inflammation and destruction of the tissues located around the tooth root. Osteoporosis has a destructive effect on bone tissue through different mechanisms: nuclear factor-κβ ligand and NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β cascade. It is also associated with low estrogen levels. Various medications such as corticosteroids, bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronate (Zoledronic acid), calcitonin, raloxifene, and strontium used to treat osteoporosis can affect the course of apical periodontitis. When treating patients with periapical lesions, the dentist must take a proper medical history and general medical history. In cases of osteoporosis or taking bisphosphonates and other medications, consideration should be given to whether consultation with a specialist is necessary, what treatment approach would be most appropriate, and what the prognosis will be. Chronic diseases affect both the general state of the body and dental health. It has been found that in patients with osteoporosis, inflammation of the apical periodontium develops with faster bone resorption. Before starting dental treatment, it is important to specify the etiology of osteoporosis, the bone density of each patient, as well as the medications they are taking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni Stanev
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Radosveta Ivanova Vasileva
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Almeida-Junior LA, de Carvalho MS, Almeida LKY, Silva-Sousa AC, Sousa-Neto MD, Silva RAB, Silva LAB, Paula-Silva FWG. TNF-α-TNFR1 Signaling Mediates Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2023; 49:1319-1328.e2. [PMID: 37499863 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the proinflammatory axis TNF-α-TNFR1 in experimentally induced periapical inflammation and bone resorption in mice. METHODS After receiving Ethics Committee Approval (2019.1.139.58.0), experimental apical periodontitis was induced by means of inoculating oral microorganisms into the root canals of molars of mice. Genetically deficient tumor necrosis factor-α receptor-1 mice (TNFR1-/-; n = 50) response was compared with that of C57Bl6 wild-type mice (wild-type; n = 50) after 7, 14, 28, and 42 days. The analyses performed were micro-computed tomographic, histopathologic, histomicrobiological, and histometric evaluation, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey or Bonferroni tests (α = 5%). RESULTS TNFR1-/- mice exhibited lower recruitment of neutrophils at 14, 28, and 42 days (P < .05), which resulted in reduced area and volume of apical periodontitis at 42 days (P < .05). The number of osteoclasts was also lower in TNFR1-/- animals at 14 and 42 days (P < .01), along with reduced synthesis of CTSK, MMP-9, and COX-2. Expression of RANKL, but not OPG, was reduced at 14 and 42 days (P < .001). The highest RANKL expression over OPG (ratio > 1) was found in wild-type animals at 7 (P < .0001) and 42 days (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Periapical inflammation and bone resorption were exacerbated in wild-type animals compared with TNFR1-/- mice, demonstrating that the TNF-α-TNFR1 signaling pathway mediated catabolic events in bone after root canal contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcio Santos de Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lana Kei Yamamoto Almeida
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice Corrêa Silva-Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel Damião Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cui Y, Xie J, Cai L, Zhang D, Sun J, Zhou X. Berberine regulates bone metabolism in apical periodontitis by remodelling the extracellular matrix. Oral Dis 2023; 29:1184-1196. [PMID: 34874590 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to explore the role and related mechanism of berberine in repairing bone destruction in apical periodontics (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS AP was established in 14 of 21 male Wistar rats (four weeks of age; 70-80 g) for 3 weeks. The canals were cleaned and administered berberine (2 mg/ml; n = 7) or calcium hydroxide (100 mg/ml; control; n = 7), followed by glass ionomer cement sealing. After 3 weeks, specimen collection followed by micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and histological staining was performed, including haematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence histochemistry. RESULTS μ-CT showed that AP lesion volume reduced in the berberine group. Histopathology showed that berberine decreased the activity and number of osteoclasts but increased the expression of proteins related to osteoblast differentiation, including alkaline phosphatase and osterix. The immune cell, T cell, dendritic cell and macrophage counts were significantly decreased in the berberine group. In the berberine group, the expression of extracellular matrix-degraded proteases, metalloproteinases, was decreased; however, that of extracellular matrix-stable proteases, lysyl oxidases, was increased. CONCLUSIONS Berberine controlled the inflammatory response and regulated bone metabolism in AP by reducing metalloproteinase expression and increasing lysyl oxidases expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Demao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianxun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Center for Oral Diseases &, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rossetti BR, Lemos AF, Só BB, Weissheimer T, Martins MD, Só MVR. Effects of estrogen deficiency on the progression of apical periodontitis. A systematic review of preclinical studies. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Alteration of the oral microbiota may be a responsible factor, along with estrogen deficiency, by the development of larger periapical lesions. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:3651-3662. [PMID: 33188615 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To answer the questions: (1) Does reducing estrogen levels influence the microbial composition of the oral cavity? (2) Does the presence of periapical lesion (PL) cause changes in the oral microbiota? (3) Since estrogen deficiency alters the oral microbiota, can this be one of the factors that contribute to the increase of the PL? MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six rats were divided into four groups: sham (control), ovariectomy (OVX), control with PL (Sham + PL), and OVX + PL. After 9 weeks of OVX, the lower first molars were submitted to PL induction. After 21 days, the microbiological collection of the oral cavity was performed, and the animals were euthanized. The contents were evaluated by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method, to verify the prevalence of 40 bacterial species (divided into 7 microbial complexes). The blocks containing the lower first molars were submitted to histotechnical processing and staining with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), for the measurement of the periapical lesion area. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Tukey and Dunn post-tests, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS In conditions of estrogen deficiency, there was alteration of the oral microbiota. The OVX groups had a higher amount of bacteria compared to the SHAM group in most of the microbial complexes (p < 0.001). The animals in the control group (with or without lesion) did not present a statistically significant difference (p > 0.001) in any of the microbial complexes. The PLs in OVX animals were significantly higher compared to SHAM animals (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Hypoestrogenicity conditions interfere in the oral microbiota by increasing the amount of bacteria in the saliva and influencing the progression of periapical lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This inedited study shows that deficiency of estrogen leads to alteration of the oral microbiota.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wajima D, Hourani S, Dodd W, Patel D, Jones C, Motwani K, Fazal HZ, Hosaka K, Hoh BL. Interleukin-6 Promotes Murine Estrogen Deficiency-Associated Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture. Neurosurgery 2020; 86:583-592. [PMID: 31264696 PMCID: PMC7317988 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen deficiency is associated with cerebral aneurysm rupture, but the precise mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that IL-6 is required for the increase in aneurysm rupture rate observed in estrogen-deficient mice. METHODS We analyzed IL-6 expression in human cerebral aneurysms. We induced cerebral aneurysms in estrogen-deficient female C57BL/6 mice that had undergone 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) treatment or bilateral ovariectomy (OVE). Mice were blindly randomized to selective IL-6 inhibition (IL-6 receptor [IL-6R] neutralizing antibody, n = 25) or control (isotype-matched IgG, n = 28). Murine cerebral arteries at the circle of Willis were assessed for aneurysm rupture and macrophage infiltration. RESULTS IL-6 is expressed in human cerebral aneurysms, but not in control arteries. Serum IL-6 is elevated in ovariectomized female mice compared to sham control (14.3 ± 1.7 pg/mL vs 7.4 ± 1.5 pg/mL, P = .008). Selective IL-6R inhibition suppressed cerebral aneurysm rupture in estrogen-deficient mice compared with control (VCD: 31.6% vs 70.0%, P = .026; OVE: 28.6% vs 65.2%, P = .019). IL-6R inhibition had no effect on formation or rupture rate in wild-type mice. IL-6R neutralizing antibody significantly reduced macrophage infiltration at the circle of Willis (1.9 ± 0.2 vs 5.7 ± 0.6 cells/2500 μm2; n = 8 vs n = 15; P < .001). CONCLUSION IL-6 is increased in the serum of estrogen-deficient mice and appears to play a role in promoting murine estrogen deficiency-associated cerebral aneurysm rupture via enhanced macrophage infiltration at the circle of Willis. Inhibition of IL-6 signaling via IL-6 receptor neutralizing antibody inhibits aneurysm rupture in estrogen-deficient mice. IL-6 receptor inhibition had no effect on aneurysm formation or rupture in wild-type animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Wajima
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Siham Hourani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - William Dodd
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Devan Patel
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Chad Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kartik Motwani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hanain Z Fazal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Koji Hosaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brian L Hoh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paula-Silva FWG, Ribeiro-Santos FR, Petean IBF, Manfrin Arnez MF, Almeida-Junior LAD, Carvalho FKD, Silva LABD, Faccioli LH. Root canal contamination or exposure to lipopolysaccharide differentially modulate prostaglandin E 2 and leukotriene B 4 signaling in apical periodontitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20190699. [PMID: 32401938 PMCID: PMC7213784 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the kinetics of apical periodontitis development
in vivo
, induced either by contamination of the root canals by microorganisms from the oral cavity or by inoculation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the regulation of major enzymes and receptors involved in the arachidonic acid metabolism. Methodology Apical periodontitis was induced in C57BL6 mice (n=96), by root canal exposure to oral cavity (n=48 teeth) or inoculation of LPS (10 µL of a suspension of 0.1 µg/µL) from
E. coli
into the root canals (n= 48 teeth). Healthy teeth were used as control (n=48 teeth). After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days the animals were euthanized and tissues removed for histopathological and qRT-PCR analyses. Histological analysis data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s test, and qRT-PCR data using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results Contamination by microorganisms led to the development of apical periodontitis, characterized by the recruitment of inflammatory cells and bone tissue resorption, whereas inoculation of LPS induced inflammatory cells recruitment without bone resorption. Both stimuli induced mRNA expression for cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase enzymes. Expression of prostaglandin E 2 and leukotriene B 4 cell surface receptors were more stimulated by LPS. Regarding nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), oral contamination induced the synthesis of mRNA for PPARδ, differently from inoculation of LPS, that induced PPARα and PPARγ expression. Conclusions Contamination of the root canals by microorganisms from oral cavity induced the development of apical periodontitis differently than by inoculation with LPS, characterized by less bone loss than the first model. Regardless of the model used, it was found a local increase in the synthesis of mRNA for the enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 of the arachidonic acid metabolism, as well as in the surface and nuclear receptors for the lipid mediators prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Regina Ribeiro-Santos
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Igor Bassi Ferreira Petean
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Maya Fernanda Manfrin Arnez
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Fabrício Kitazono de Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Departamento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Silva-Sousa AC, Mazzi-Chaves JF, Freitas JV, Salles AG, Segato RABDS, Silva LABD, Antunes LAA, Antunes LS, Baratto-Filho F, Sousa-Neto MD, Küchler EC. Association between Estrogen, Vitamin D and Microrna17 Gene Polymorphisms and Periapical Lesions. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:19-24. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-644020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the association between polymorphisms in genes encoding estrogen receptors 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and in microRNA17 (which binds to ESR1 and VDR) with persistent apical periodontitis (PAP) after the endodontic treatment. We included 162 patients who completed endodontic treatment at least one year ago and presented apical periodontitis at the beginning of the root canal therapy. Clinical and radiographic exams were performed to evaluate the presence of PAP or healthy periradicular tissues (healed). Saliva samples were collected as a genomic DNA. The genotyping of ESR1 (rs2234693 and rs9340799), ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938), VDR (rs739837 and rs2228570) and miRNA17 (rs4284505) were performed by real-time PCR. Chi-square test was used to the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies. Haplotype analysis was also performed. Eighty-nine patients were included in the “healed” group and 73 in the “PAP” group. No association was found between the allelic and genotypic polymorphisms studied and PAP (p>0.05). Haplotype analysis also did not demonstrated an association (p>0.05). In conclusion, the genetic polymorphisms in ESR1, ESR2, VDR and miRNA17 are not associated with PAP.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang H, Liu L, Jiang C, Pan K, Deng J, Wan C. MMP9 protects against LPS-induced inflammation in osteoblasts. Innate Immun 2019; 26:259-269. [PMID: 31726909 PMCID: PMC7251795 DOI: 10.1177/1753425919887236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is widely involved in the destruction
of the pulp and apical tissues in the inflammatory process. MMP9 is closely
related to oral inflammation. Nevertheless, the specific function of MMP9 during
oral inflammation, as well as its mechanism, is not well understood. Our
previous studies found that in experimentally induced apical periodontitis, more
severe inflammation occurred in MMP9 knockout mice compared with the wild type
mice. Moreover, the pathology phenomenon of alveolar bone destruction was even
more evident in MMP9 knockout mice compared with the wild type mice. We proposed
that MMP9 has “anti-inflammatory” properties. We aimed to study the effects of
MMP9 on inflammatory response as well as on bone formation and bone destruction.
We found a specific relationship between MMP9 and inflammation. qRT-PCR and
Western blot revealed that the production of IL-1β, TNF-α, RANK, RANKL, TLR2,
and TLR4 was reduced by MMP9 in LPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. Meanwhile, the
expressions of OPG and OCN were increased by MMP9 in LPS-stimulated cells. MMP9
plays a protective role in LPS-induced inflammation, thereby providing new clues
to the prevention and treatment of apical periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Zhang
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Lingshuang Liu
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Chunmiao Jiang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Keqing Pan
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| | - Chunyan Wan
- Department of Endodontics, The Affiliated Hospital and School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Silva RAB, Sousa‐Pereira AP, Lucisano MP, Romualdo PC, Paula‐Silva FWG, Consolaro A, Silva LAB, Nelson‐Filho P. Alendronate inhibits osteocyte apoptosis and inflammation via
IL
‐6, inhibiting bone resorption in periapical lesions of ovariectomized rats. Int Endod J 2019; 53:84-96. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. A. B. Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | | | - M. P. Lucisano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - P. C. Romualdo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - F. W. G. Paula‐Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - A. Consolaro
- Department of Stomatology Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo Bauru Brazil
| | - L. A. B. Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - P. Nelson‐Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhu L, Yao Y, Liu J, Wang J, Xie H. Expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissue indicates the disease severity of patients with chronic periodontitis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2131-2139. [PMID: 31410168 PMCID: PMC6676099 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the interaction among β-catenin, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and severity in patients with chronic periodontitis. Both gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissue was collected from 21 healthy control individuals, 21 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis (mCP) and 23 patients with severe chronic periodontitis (sCP). The concentration of MMP-8 in GCF was detected via ELISA and the mRNA levels of β-catenin and MMP-8 in GCF and gingival tissue was detected via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The protein levels of β-catenin and MMP-8 in gingival tissue was detected using western blotting and the interaction between β-catenin and MMP-8 in gingival tissue was detected by co-immunoprecipitation. The expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 was significantly higher in the GCF and gingival tissue of patients with chronic periodontitis (mCP and sCP) compared with the control patients. Furthermore, the expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 in GCF and gingival tissue was positively correlated with the clinical attachment level. In addition, a positive interaction was identified between β-catenin and MMP-8, and the expression of β-catenin was positively correlated with the expression of MMP-8 in GCF and gingival tissue. The CGF and gingival tissue expression of β-catenin and MMP-8 may indicate disease severity in patients with chronic periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zhu
- Department of Periodontology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Orthodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Endodontics, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Periodontology, Changsha Stomatological Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Role of the Btk-PLC γ2 Signaling Pathway in the Bone Destruction of Apical Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:8767529. [PMID: 31427888 PMCID: PMC6683780 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8767529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic apical periodontitis is characterized by alveolar bone absorption in the apical region and is the result of the participation of various inflammatory mediators. Studies have shown that the Bruton tyrosine kinase- (Btk-) phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) signaling pathway plays an important role in bone absorption, but it is unknown whether it plays a role in apical periodontitis bone destruction. Therefore, this study verified the role of Btk and PLCγ2 in bone resorption of apical periodontitis by in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vivo experiment, a mice model of apical periodontitis was established; apical bone resorption was confirmed by the numbers of osteoclasts and HE staining. Btk, PLCγ2, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells 1 (NFATc-1) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. In the in vitro experiment, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were used to stimulate osteoclast precursor cell RAW264.7 to establish an inflammatory microenvironment and detect osteoclast differentiation. By silencing Btk, the expression of Btk, PLCγ2, and NFATc-1 was detected by real-time qPCR and Western blot, and osteoclastogenesis was detected by enzyme histochemical staining to further confirm the role of Btk in bone resorption. It was found that the expression of Btk, PLCγ2, and NFATc-1 changed significantly with the progression of inflammation and bone destruction, indicating that Btk and PLCγ2 may be involved in the progression of inflammation in apical periodontitis and bone absorption. In vitro experiments confirmed that the differentiation of osteoclasts and the expression of PLCγ2 and NFATc-1 were significantly inhibited after silencing Btk expression, but osteoclast precursor cells could be differentiated due to the proinflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide. This study demonstrates that Btk and PLCγ2 are key factors involved in the apical inflammatory response and bone destruction.
Collapse
|