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Vieira WDA, de-Jesus-Soares A, Lopes EM, Gomes BPFA, Lima BP. Effect of supplementary sodium hypochlorite agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots. Int Endod J 2024; 57:966-980. [PMID: 38387884 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM To compare the effect of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) agitation techniques on an ex vivo oral multispecies biofilm during passive disinfection of simulated immature roots. METHODOLOGY Extracted human teeth were prepared to simulate immature roots. They were infected with a dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilm and cultured for 14 days. The roots were randomly designated into four groups: (1) negative control (PBS), (2) 1.5% NaOCl (CNI), (3) CNI + Ultrasonic activation (UA), (4) CNI + EasyClean agitation (ECA), (5) CNI + XP-endo finisher agitation (XPF), and (6) positive control (6% NaOCl). Biofilm samples were collected from the root canals and used to determine the number of viable cells (colony-forming units), scanning electron microscopy, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The mean colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL) were analysed using One-way anova. 16S rRNA sequencing data were analysed for alpha (observed OTUs, Shannon index, and Chao1) and beta diversity (Bray-Curtis dissimilarities). The LEfSe analysis was used to determine the effect of treatment procedures on the abundance of root canal microbiota. The significance was set at .05. RESULTS PBS and CNI samples had significantly higher CFU/mL counts than UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl samples (p < .05). The pre-treatment, PBS, and CNI groups had significantly greater alpha diversity than the UA, ECA, XPF, and 6% NaOCl groups (p < .05). NaOCl agitation groups and the 6% NaOCl group achieved a more pronounced reduction in bacteria from the genera Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, and Capnocytophaga. CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of passive disinfection protocols was enhanced by NaOCl agitation techniques, suggesting that this supplementary method can improve the outcome of revitalization procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walbert de Andrade Vieira
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adriana de-Jesus-Soares
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Erica M Lopes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Lima
- Division of Basic Sciences, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Park DH, Park OJ, Yoo YJ, Perinpanayagam H, Cho EB, Kim K, Park J, Noblett WC, Kum KY, Han SH. Microbiota Association and Profiling of Gingival Sulci and Root Canals of Teeth with Primary or Secondary/Persistent Endodontic Infections. J Endod 2024:S0099-2399(24)00279-6. [PMID: 38768706 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbiota associated with primary endodontic infection (PEI) and secondary/persistent endodontic infection (SPEI) must be characterized to elucidate pathogenesis in apical periodontitis and bacterial biomarkers identified for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. METHODS This study analyzed the microbial community profiles of root canals and gingival sulci (sulcus-E) for teeth with PEI (n = 10) or SPEI (n = 10), using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Bacterial samples from gingival sulci (sulcus-C) of healthy contralateral teeth served as controls. RESULTS There were 15 phyla, 177 genera, and 340 species identified. The number and diversity of bacteria in root canals did not differ significantly between PEI and SPEI. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla in both groups. At the genus level, Lancefieldella, Bifidobacterium, Stomatobaculum, and Schaalia were enriched in root canals with SPEI. Of significance, Lancefieldella was observed in both root canals and sulcus-E of teeth with SPEI. At the species level, Neisseria macacae, Streptococcus gordonii, Bifidobacterium dentium, Stomatobaculum longum, and Schaalia odontolytica were increased significantly in root canals with SPEI compared to PEI. Oribacterium species, Streptococcus salivarius, Lancefieldella parvula, Prevotella denticola, and Oribacterium asaccharolyticum were more abundant in sulcus-E of teeth with SPEI compared to PEI. CONCLUSIONS There were distinctive and differing predominant bacterial species associated with the root canals and gingival sulci between teeth with PEI and SPEI. Specific bacteria identified in sulcus-E and root canals of teeth with SPEI could serve as noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for detecting SPEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jee Yoo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiran Perinpanayagam
- Division of Endodontics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Eun-Bee Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - W Craig Noblett
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kee-Yeon Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hernández SR, Siqueira JF, Voigt DD, Soimu G, Brasil SC, Provenzano JC, Mdala I, Alves FRF, Rôças IN. Bacteriologic Conditions of the Apical Root Canal System of Teeth with and without Posttreatment Apical Periodontitis: A Correlative Multianalytical Approach. J Endod 2024; 50:154-163. [PMID: 37977217 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study used a correlative multianalytical approach to investigate the bacteriologic conditions in the apical root canal system of treated teeth with or without apical periodontitis and their correlation with the technical quality of the previous root canal obturation and the presence and volume of apical periodontitis lesions. METHODS Root apexes were obtained from recently extracted root canal-treated teeth with (n = 23) and without (n = 22) apical periodontitis lesions as demonstrated by cone-beam computed tomographic examination. The root apexes were sectioned and subjected to micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) scanning. The specimens were cryopulverized, and DNA extracted from the powder was used as a template in real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to quantify total bacteria and members of the Streptococcus genus and Actinobacteria phylum. The bacteriologic findings were compared between the 2 groups and also evaluated for associations with cone-beam computed tomographic and micro-computed tomographic data. RESULTS Bacteria were detected in all apical canal samples except 1. The mean counts of total bacteria, streptococci, and actinobacteria did not differ significantly between teeth with or without apical periodontitis (P > .05). Streptococcus levels were significantly lower by 80% in the apical canals of teeth with small lesions compared with those without lesions (P < .05). The limit of filling >2 mm short was significantly associated with more total bacterial counts compared with canals filled 0-2 mm short (P < .05). An adequate coronal restoration was significantly associated with lesser counts of Streptococcus (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Comparable bacterial loads were observed in the apical canal system of treated teeth with and without apical periodontitis, suggesting that factors other than only the total bacterial levels may also influence the development and progression of apical periodontitis. Bacteria were found in the apical canal in virtually all cases with a high prevalence of streptococci and actinobacteria. Streptococci counts were significantly higher in the apical canal of teeth with inadequate restorations and teeth with no lesions. Underfilled canals showed higher bacterial counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R Hernández
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Francisco Marroquín University, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - José F Siqueira
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle D Voigt
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giuliana Soimu
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sabrina C Brasil
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José C Provenzano
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ibrahimu Mdala
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Flávio R F Alves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Grande Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mota ME, Franco JB, Alves FA, Moreira MS. Precision dentistry in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38217442 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emília Mota
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Bertoldi Franco
- Division of Dentistry of the Clinics Hospital of the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Abreu Alves
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stomatology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Stella Moreira
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Stomatology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alhadainy HA, Abdel-Karim AH, Fouad AF. Prevalence of Fusobacterium Species in Endodontic Infections Detected With Molecular Methods: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Endod 2023; 49:1249-1261. [PMID: 37611654 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic infections are polymicrobial; however, investigating the role of bacterial species is critical because they may influence pathogenesis, the development of symptoms, or the persistence of disease. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of Fusobacterium species and its association with different types of endodontic infections. METHODS MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were used as electronic databases to retrieve relevant studies. The studies were evaluated for eligibility criteria, and the certainty in evidence and risk of bias were evaluated using critical appraisal tools for prevalence studies from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Forty studies were selected for meta-analysis and statistically analyzed for the relationship between the prevalence of Fusobacterium species and both the presence of symptoms and the type of infections (primary vs secondary/persistent) using meta-regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of Fusobacterium spp. in endodontic infections ranged from 3%-100% (mean = 42.51%) in the 40 included studies. Calculated confidence intervals indicated that the presence of Fusobacterium spp. was not statistically associated with the presence of symptoms or with the type of infections (the set of 2 predictors was not significant; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of Fusobacterium infection, which was identified with molecular methods, was not significant for overall regression using both predictors (ie, symptoms [symptomatic vs asymptomatic] and types of infections [primary vs secondary/persistent]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem A Alhadainy
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Liu R, Liu S, Wu S, Xia M, Liu W, Wang L, Dong M, Niu W. Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Promote Osteogenic Differentiation and Inhibit Inflammation via microRNA-21. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13873. [PMID: 37762176 PMCID: PMC10531249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is a disease with characteristics of inflammation and bone loss. In this study, our objective was to examine the function of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) obtained from milk in encouraging osteogenic differentiation and inhibiting inflammation by miR-21 in CAP. The expression of miR-21 was detected using qRT-PCR in human CAP samples. The impact of miR-21 on the process of osteogenic differentiation was investigated using CCK-8, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and Western blot analysis. The evaluation of RAW 264.7 cell polarization and the assessment of inflammatory factor expression were conducted through qRT-PCR. The influence of sEVs on MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW 264.7 cells was examined, with a particular emphasis on the involvement of miR-21. In human CAP samples, a decrease in miR-21 expression was observed. MiR-21 increased the expression of osteogenesis-related genes and M2 polarization genes while decreasing the expression of M1 polarization genes and inflammatory cytokines. Treatment with milk-derived sEVs also promoted osteogenesis and M2 polarization while inhibiting M1 polarization and inflammation. Conversely, the addition of miR-21 inhibitors resulted in opposite effects. Our results indicated that sEVs derived from milk had a positive effect on bone formation and activation of anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages and simultaneously reduced inflammation by regulating miR-21 in CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Dong
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Weidong Niu
- School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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7
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Kesim B, Ülger ST, Aslan G, Cudal H, Üstün Y, Küçük MÖ. Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing for comparative analysis of root canal microbiome of teeth with primary and persistent/secondary endodontic infections. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:995-1004. [PMID: 36723715 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the root canal microbiome profiles of primary and persistent/secondary infections using high-throughput sequencing with the help of a reliable bioinformatics algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Root canal samples of 10 teeth in the primary endodontic infection (PEI) group and 10 teeth in the persistent/secondary endodontic infection (SEI) group were included resulting in a total of 20 samples. After DNA extraction from the samples, sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Pair-end Illumina reads were imported to QIIME 2; amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) generated by DADA2 were mapped to GreenGenes database. Weighted UniFrac distances were calculated and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) was used to compare beta diversity patterns. The multiple response permutation procedure (MRPP), the analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (adonis) were conducted for testing group differences. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was utilized to identify differentially abundant taxa between the groups. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) score threshold was set to 4.0. RESULTS Within the Gram-negative facultative anaerobic Gammaproteobacteria class outgroup, two orders (Pasteurellales, Vibrionales) and two families (Pasteurellaceae, Vibrionaceae) were significantly more abundant in the PEI group, whereas Gram-positive bacteria, Actinomycetales order, and Gram-positive anaerobic taxa, one genus (Olsenella) and one species (Olsenella uli), were identified as significantly more abundant in the SEI group. CONCLUSIONS A few taxa were differentially abundant within either the PEI or SEI group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Reliable bioinformatic tools are needed to define microbial profiles of endodontic infections. Based on a limited number of samples, no distinct variation was determined between the bacterial diversity of initial and recurrent endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertan Kesim
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey. .,Kuzey Çevreyolu Erkilet Dere Mah, Nuh Naci Yazgan Üniversitesi Yerleşkesi, Kocasinan, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Seda Tezcan Ülger
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gönül Aslan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hamza Cudal
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yakup Üstün
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Öner Küçük
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Vázquez-Ramos VR, Pérez-Serrano RM, García-Solís P, Solís-Sainz JC, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Castro-Ruíz JE, Domínguez-Pérez RA. Root canal microbiota as an augmented reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 30:e20220362. [PMID: 36753071 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health problem. Root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis represents a well-known reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). However, the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this reservoir is unknown. This study aimed to establish if root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis in T2DM patients is an augmented reservoir by identifying the prevalence of nine common ARGs and comparing it with the prevalence in nondiabetic patients. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study included two groups: A T2DM group conformed of 20 patients with at least ten years of living with T2DM and a control group of 30 nondiabetic participants. Premolar or molar teeth with pulp necrosis and apical periodontitis were included. A sample was collected from each root canal before endodontic treatment. DNA was extracted, and ARGs were identified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS tetW and tetM genes were the most frequent (93.3 and 91.6%, respectively), while ermA was the least frequent (8.3%) in the total population. The distribution of the ARGs was similar in both groups, but a significant difference (p<0.005) was present in ermB, ermC, cfxA, and tetQ genes, being more frequent in the T2DM group. A total of eighty percent of the T2DM patients presented a minimum of four ARGs, while 76.6% of the control group presented a maximum of three. CONCLUSIONS Root canal microbiota associated with apical periodontitis in T2DM patients carries more ARGs. Therefore, this pathological niche could be considered an augmented reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rafael Vázquez-Ramos
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Rosa Martha Pérez-Serrano
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Pablo García-Solís
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Juan Carlos Solís-Sainz
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas, Departamento de Estomatología, Ciudad Juárez, México
| | - Jesús Eduardo Castro-Ruíz
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Rubén Abraham Domínguez-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Facultad de Medicina, Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Santiago de Querétaro, México
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Liu H, Liu Y, Fan W, Fan B. Fusobacterium nucleatum triggers proinflammatory cell death via Z-DNA binding protein 1 in apical periodontitis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:196. [PMID: 36539813 PMCID: PMC9764563 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is a vital innate immune sensor that regulates inflammation during pathogen invasion. ZBP1 may contribute to pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis in infectious diseases. In this study, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) infection caused periapical inflammation through proinflammatory cell death and ZBP1 was involved in regulating the inflammatory activities caused by F. nucleatum infection in apical periodontitis (AP). METHODS Human periapical tissues were tested by fluorescent in situ hybridization, immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) and western blotting. F. nucleatum-infected and F. nucleatum extracellular vesicles (F. nucleatum-EVs)-treated RAW264.7 cells were used to detect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and different cell death mechanisms by qRT‒PCR and western blotting. ZBP1 expression in F. nucleatum-infected tissues and RAW264.7 cells was detected by qRT‒PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the expression of ZBP1 was inhibited by siRNA and different cell death pathways, including pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in F. nucleatum-infected RAW264.7 cells. RESULTS F. nucleatum was detected in AP tissues. F. nucleatum-infected RAW264.7 cells polarized to the M1 phenotype, and this was accompanied by inflammatory cytokine production. High levels of ZBP1 and GSDME (gasdermin E)-mediated pyroptosis, caspase-3-mediated apoptosis and MLKL-mediated necroptosis (PANoptosis) were identified in F. nucleatum-infected tissues and RAW264.7 cells. ZBP1 inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion and the occurrence of PANoptosis. CONCLUSION The present study identified a previously unknown role of ZBP1 in regulating F. nucleatum-induced proinflammatory cell death and inflammatory activation. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Fan
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, China
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Astorga J, Hernández M, Bravo D, Hoare A. Evaluation of PCR primers to identify Porphyromonas endodontalis in apical periodontitis clinical samples. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:652. [PMID: 36173466 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate whether two commonly used PCR primers are effective to identify P. endodontalis and discriminate from other prevalent black-pigmented bacteria in apical periodontitis (AP). Endodontic canal samples from patients with asymptomatic AP (n = 20) were collected and cultured in anaerobiosis. Two primer sets to detect P. endodontalis were selected from the literature and first analyzed for their specificity in silico; and then tested on clinical isolates in vitro and finally, in apical exudates ex vivo. The identity of P. endodontalis was verified by PCR and Sanger sequencing with universal primers for bacterial V3-V6 regions 16S rDNA. Only one primer set showed specificity only for P. endodontalis clones in silico and also was specific for P. endodontalis in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Astorga
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Hernández
- Laboratory of Periodontal Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - D Bravo
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile
| | - A Hoare
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Olivos 943, 8380492, Independencia, 8380000, Santiago, Chile.
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Fouad A, Diogenes A, Torabinejad M, Hargreaves K. Microbiome Changes During Regenerative Endodontic Treatment Using Different Methods of Disinfection. J Endod 2022; 48:1273-1284. [PMID: 36030971 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively the changes in the endodontic microbiome, in teeth with necrotic pulp, open apexes and apical periodontitis, with three antimicrobial protocols, undertaken in a multicenter clinical trial. METHODS Microbiological samples were collected from 116 RET teeth, and 97 qualified for inclusion. The teeth were randomly divided into three treatment groups: apexification (APEX), regeneration (REGEN) and revascularization (REVASC), all in two appointments. The group variables in the first appointment irrigants, and second appointment irrigants and medicaments were as follows: APEX: 5.25-6% NaOCl, 5.25-6% NaOCl + 17% EDTA and calcium hydroxide; REGEN: 1.25% NaOCl, 17% EDTA and 0.1 mg/mL triple antibiotic paste (TAP); and REVASC 5.25% NaOCl, saline and 1g/mL TAP, respectively. Sampling was done upon access (S0), after irrigation in the first appointment (S1), and after using medication and irrigation in the second appointment (S2). RESULTS Quantitative PCR analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed significant reduction in bacterial load from S0 to S2 in all groups; however, the APEX and REVASC groups had significantly less residual DNA than the REGEN group (p=0.0045). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Spirochaetes and Synergistetes were reduced with the treatment rendered. However, relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria was not changed, and that of Proteobacteria increased. LEfSe analysis showed that reduction in bacterial taxa was more in REVASC than APEX which in turn was more than in REGEN. CONCLUSION Enhanced antimicrobial protocols lead to better reduction in quantitative and qualitative parameters of the endodontic microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Fouad
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health San Antonio Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio
| | - Mahmoud Torabinejad
- Department of Endodontics, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University
| | - Ken Hargreaves
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health San Antonio Dentistry, University of Texas Health San Antonio
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Luo X, Wan Q, Cheng L, Xu R. Mechanisms of bone remodeling and therapeutic strategies in chronic apical periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:908859. [PMID: 35937695 PMCID: PMC9353524 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic periapical periodontitis (CAP) is a typical oral disease in which periodontal inflammation caused by an odontogenic infection eventually leads to bone loss. Uncontrolled infections often lead to extensive bone loss around the root tip, which ultimately leads to tooth loss. The main clinical issue in the treatment of periapical periodontitis is the repair of jawbone defects, and infection control is the first priority. However, the oral cavity is an open environment, and the distribution of microorganisms through the mouth in jawbone defects is inevitable. The subversion of host cell metabolism by oral microorganisms initiates disease. The presence of microorganisms stimulates a series of immune responses, which in turn stimulates bone healing. Given the above background, we intended to examine the paradoxes and connections between microorganisms and jaw defect repair in anticipation of new ideas for jaw defect repair. To this end, we reviewed the microbial factors, human signaling pathways, immune cells, and cytokines involved in the development of CAP, as well as concentrated growth factor (CGF) and stem cells in bone defect repair, with the aim of understanding the impact of microbial factors on host cell metabolism to inform the etiology and clinical management of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lei Cheng
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Ruoshi Xu,
| | - Ruoshi Xu
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Ruoshi Xu,
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13
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Yang I, Claussen H, Arthur RA, Hertzberg VS, Geurs N, Corwin EJ, Dunlop AL. Subgingival Microbiome in Pregnancy and a Potential Relationship to Early Term Birth. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:873683. [PMID: 35646730 PMCID: PMC9132049 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.873683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal disease in pregnancy is considered a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes. Periodontal disease has a microbial etiology, however, the current state of knowledge about the subgingival microbiome in pregnancy is not well understood. Objective To characterize the structure and diversity of the subgingival microbiome in early and late pregnancy and explore relationships between the subgingival microbiome and preterm birth among pregnant Black women. Methods This longitudinal descriptive study used 16S rRNA sequencing to profile the subgingival microbiome of 59 Black women and describe microbial ecology using alpha and beta diversity metrics. We also compared microbiome features across early (8-14 weeks) and late (24-30 weeks) gestation overall and according to gestational age at birth outcomes (spontaneous preterm, spontaneous early term, full term). Results In this sample of Black pregnant women, the top twenty bacterial taxa represented in the subgingival microbiome included a spectrum representative of various stages of biofilm progression leading to periodontal disease, including known periopathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. Other organisms associated with periodontal disease reflected in the subgingival microbiome included several Prevotella spp., and Campylobacter spp. Measures of alpha or beta diversity did not distinguish the subgingival microbiome of women according to early/late gestation or full term/spontaneous preterm birth; however, alpha diversity differences in late pregnancy between women who spontaneously delivered early term and women who delivered full term were identified. Several taxa were also identified as being differentially abundant according to early/late gestation, and full term/spontaneous early term births. Conclusions Although the composition of the subgingival microbiome is shifted toward complexes associated with periodontal disease, the diversity of the microbiome remains stable throughout pregnancy. Several taxa were identified as being associated with spontaneous early term birth. Two, in particular, are promising targets of further investigation. Depletion of the oral commensal Lautropia mirabilis in early pregnancy and elevated levels of Prevotella melaninogenica in late pregnancy were both associated with spontaneous early term birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Yang
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Irene Yang,
| | - Henry Claussen
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Robert Adam Arthur
- Emory Integrated Computational Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Nicolaas Geurs
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Anne L. Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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14
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Aminoshariae A, Azarpazhooh A, Diogenes AR, Fouad AF, Glickman GN, He J, Kishen A, Letra AM, Levin L, Setzer FC, Tay FR, Hargreaves KM. Insights into the April 2022 Issue of the Journal of Endodontics. J Endod 2022; 48:427-429. [PMID: 35339235 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Azarpazhooh
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anibal R Diogenes
- University of Texas Health San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ashraf F Fouad
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Jianing He
- Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anil Kishen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariadne M Letra
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Frank C Setzer
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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