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Collart C, Craighead C, Yao M, Chien EK, Rose S, Frankel RM, Coleridge M, Hu B, Edmonds BT, Ranzini AC, Farrell RM. Identifying Strategies to Improve Shared Decision Making for Pregnant Patients' Decisions about Prenatal Genetic Screens and Diagnostic Tests. Med Decis Making 2024; 44:689-704. [PMID: 39082665 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x241259016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prenatal genetic screens and diagnostic tests are vital components of prenatal care. The first prenatal visit is a critical time in the decision-making process when patients decide whether to use these tests in addition to address a series of other essential prenatal care aspects. We conducted this study to examine the role of a shared decision-making (SDM) instrument to support these discussions. METHODS We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial of patients allocated to an SDM tool or usual care at their first prenatal visit. Participants completed a baseline survey to measure decision-making needs and preferences. Direct observation was conducted and analyzed using the OPTION scale to measure SDM during prenatal genetic testing discussions. RESULTS Levels of SDM were similar across groups (P = 0.081). The highest levels of SDM were observed during screening test discussions (NEST 2.4 ± 0.9 v. control 2.6 ± 1.0). Lowest levels were observed in discussions about patients' preference for risk versus diagnostic information (NEST 1.0 ± 1.1 v. control 1.2 ± 1.3). CONCLUSION Study findings demonstrate the need for targeted patient-focused and provider-focused efforts to improve SDM to enhance patients' informed decision making about these options. Importantly, patients' baseline knowledge and attitudes need to be considered given that patients with less knowledge may need more carefully crafted communication. HIGHLIGHTS Choices about whether, when, and how to use prenatal genetic tests are highly preference-based decisions, with patients' baseline attitudes about these options as a major driver in health care discussions.The decision-making process is also shaped by patient preferences regarding a shared or informed decision-making process for medical decisions that are highly personal and have significant ramifications for obstetric outcomes.There is a need to develop targeted efforts to improve decision making and enhance patients' ability to make informed decisions about prenatal genetic tests in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Collart
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Caitlin Craighead
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Meng Yao
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward K Chien
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Susannah Rose
- Experience Safety, Quality and Patient Experience, Clinical Transformation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Marissa Coleridge
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Angela C Ranzini
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ruth M Farrell
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
- Center for Bioethics, Clinical Transformation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH, USA
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Isaacs AE, Mladucky JK, Dent KM, Wallace LA. Factors associated with US and Canadian genetic counselors' testing decisions during pregnancy. J Genet Couns 2022; 31:1317-1329. [PMID: 35794694 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Decision-making regarding prenatal screening and diagnostic testing has become more complex as the number of options has increased, with pregnant patients having access to more information about their pregnancies than ever before. Genetic counselors have extensive training in prenatal genetic screening and testing options, but personal decision-making in this well-informed population remains largely unstudied. This study describes the prenatal testing decisions genetic counselors made during their own pregnancies, and the factors identified as important when making those decisions. A web-based, mixed-methods survey was distributed to members of multiple professional societies for genetic counselors. A total of 318 genetic counselors across numerous specialties in the United States and Canada participated in this study. The satisfaction with decision scale was modified and applied to measure participants' decisional satisfaction. In their most recent pregnancies, most genetic counselors pursued carrier screening (77%) and aneuploidy and/or open neural tube defect screening (88%). A minority of genetic counselors (15%) utilized diagnostic testing. Common factors considered when making testing decisions included wanting information that could impact future decisions, test specifics (e.g., accuracy, methodology, and content), and knowledge gained from participants' genetic counseling background. The uptake of diagnostic testing among prenatal genetic counselors was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the uptake among genetic counselors in other specialties. This informed study population largely self-directed their own prenatal care, leading to high satisfaction with their decisions. Data in this study provide evidence for promoting participation in prenatal screening and testing decision-making to maximize decisional satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Isaacs
- Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Janessa K Mladucky
- Intermountain Healthcare, Intermountain Precision Genomics, Murray, Utah, USA
| | - Karin M Dent
- Graduate Program in Genetic Counseling, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Khajeei D, Neufeld H, Donelle L, Meyer SB, Neiterman E, Ike NA, Li JZ. Maternal health literacy and health numeracy conceptualizations in public health: A scoping review. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e3534-e3546. [PMID: 36039472 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite unprecedented advancement in educational opportunities and access to information, maternal health literacy (MHL) and health numeracy (HN) skills remain low in North America. By enhancing MHL, the educated civic public-those who have the capacity, skills, and knowledge to apply prose and numerical health information-engages more proactively in public health practice. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the existing empirical evidence on MHL to work toward a better understanding of the practical implications for public health. We explored MHL and HN through the following research question: "How are maternal health literacy and health numeracy conceptualised in public health planning, implementation, and evaluation?" First, we employed a five-stage methodological framework for scoping reviews and used PRISMA-P to systematically identify eligible articles. Then, we used thematic analysis and an inductive approach guided by the research aims to identify themes related to how MHL and HN are conceptualised in empirical studies and developed an evidence table. Finally, two different reviewers coded articles using an inductive approach into six themes. We identified 1733 articles through a systematic search of five databases. After screening all the articles, 52 articles were included for thematic analysis. The final themes were: (i) sociocultural demographics; (ii) self-efficacy; (iii) communication; (iv) information seeking and operationalisation; (v) health status; and (vi) reasoning. The research evidence demonstrated limitations concerning the impact of sociocultural background on a mother's recognition of health problems and the extent of which patient-centred care is culturally and linguistically appropriate. The research evidence revealed an opportunity to address the sociocultural linguistic experience of mothers within public health practice. Our research team supports moving away from the biomedical model of evidence-based medicine and adopting evidence-based practice ensures healthcare providers develop a holistic understanding of the maternal health needs of socioculturally diverse mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Khajeei
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health Sciences (SPHS), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hannah Neufeld
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health Sciences (SPHS), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health Sciences (SPHS), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samantha B Meyer
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health Sciences (SPHS), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena Neiterman
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health Sciences (SPHS), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nnenna A Ike
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health Sciences (SPHS), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Z Li
- Faculty of Health, School of Public Health Sciences (SPHS), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Meldgaard M, Gamborg M, Terkildsen Maindal H. Health literacy in the prenatal phase: a systematic review. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2022; 34:100796. [DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chen S, Yue W, Liu N, Han X, Yang M. The progression on the measurement instruments of maternal health literacy: a scoping review. Midwifery 2022; 109:103308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2022.103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Farrell RM, Pierce M, Collart C, Yao M, Coleridge M, Chien EK, Rose SS, Lintel M, Perni U, Edmonds BT. Decision-making for prenatal genetic screening: how will pregnant women navigate a growing number of aneuploidy and carrier screening options? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21:806. [PMID: 34863134 PMCID: PMC8642756 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal genetic screens, including carrier screening (CS) and aneuploidy screening (AS), comprise an important component of reproductive healthcare delivery. Clinical practice guidelines emphasize the importance of informed decision-making and patient's preferences regarding the use of these screens. Yet, it is unclear how to achieve this ideal as prenatal genetic screening options rapidly become more complex and increasingly available to patients. With increased complexity and availability of reproductive testing options, decision-support strategies are critical to prepare patients to consider AS and/or CS. METHODS A self-administered survey evaluated knowledge and decision-making preferences for expanded carrier (CS) and aneuploidy (AS) prenatal screening. The survey was administered to participants before their first prenatal visit to assess baseline decision-making needs and preference at the initiation of prenatal care. Analysis was approached as a descriptive process. RESULTS Participants had similar familiarity with the concepts associated with AS compared to CS; mean knowledge scores for CS was 0.59 [possible range 0.00 to 1.00] and 0.55 for AS. Participants reported preferences to learn about a range of conditions, including those with severe or mild impact, childhood-onset, and adult-onset. Decision-making preference with respect to learning about the associated disease phenotypes for the contained on AS and CS panel shifted with the complexity of the panel, with a greater preference to learn about conditions post-test compared pre-test education as panels increased from 5 to 100 conditions. CONCLUSION Patients' baseline knowledge of prenatal genetic screens coupled with evolving decision-making preferences presents challenges for the delivery of prenatal genetic screens. This calls for the development and implementation of innovative approaches to support pregnant patients' decision-making commensurate with advances in prenatal genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Farrell
- OB/GYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Center for Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Madelyn Pierce
- OB/GYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Christina Collart
- OB/GYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Meng Yao
- Quantitative Health Science Department, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Marissa Coleridge
- OB/GYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward K Chien
- OB/GYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Susannah S Rose
- Office of Patient Experience, Clinical Transformation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mary Lintel
- OB/GYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Uma Perni
- OB/GYN and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Page RL, Murphey C, Aras Y, Chen LS, Loftin R. Pregnant Hispanic women's views and knowledge of prenatal genetic testing. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:838-848. [PMID: 33496987 PMCID: PMC8248231 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnant Hispanic women are underserved with their needs for genetic counseling, despite birth defects remaining the leading cause of infant death in the United States. We present the qualitative findings of a study to understand knowledge and perceptions of prenatal testing in a sample of hard‐to‐reach underrepresented Hispanic pregnant women in South Texas. The sample for this study was 10 Hispanic pregnant women who were recruited from a high‐risk prenatal clinic in South Texas in 2019. The semi‐structured interview questions were created based on the researchers' clinical experiences with this population and were designed to examine knowledge and perceptions of participants toward prenatal testing. Analysis of the qualitative data yielded several themes related to prenatal testing: (a) knowledge, (b) confusion, (c) partner's and support persons' opinions, (d) information sharing from providers, (e) psychological benefits, (f) preparation for baby, (g) obstacles, (h) religious influence, and (i) educational tools to assist with understanding. Women's understanding and knowledge of prenatal testing was limited, specifically regarding its purpose, how it works, the benefits, and why it was recommended by their provider. Lack of clarity about why they should take the test and its risks for them and their babies was perceived as something that could impede their acceptance of prenatal testing. All participants agreed that healthcare providers should share more information about prenatal testing in a way that uses ‘everyday language' so that they can understand it better. All respondents mentioned that prenatal testing provides information about their baby's health conditions, alleviates their stress and concerns, and psychologically prepares them and their family for what is to come. Identifying ways to increase culturally appropriate education delivered by genetic counselors such as through the adoption of telemedicine and mobile technology can help fill the gap for this underserved population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Page
- Texas A&M University College of Nursing, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christina Murphey
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Yahyahan Aras
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Lei-Shih Chen
- Texas A&M University College of Education and Human Development, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Loftin
- Driscoll Health System, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
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Farrell RM, Pierce M, Collart C, Edmonds BT, Chien E, Coleridge M, Rose SL, Perni U, Frankel R. Making the most of the first prenatal visit: The challenge of expanding prenatal genetic testing options and limited clinical encounter time. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:1265-1271. [PMID: 32441820 PMCID: PMC10114520 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advances in prenatal genetics place additional challenges as patients must receive information about a growing array of screening and testing options. This raises concerns about how to achieve a shared decision-making process that prepares patients to make an informed decision about their choices about prenatal genetic screening and testing options, calling for a reconsideration of how healthcare providers approach the first prenatal visit. METHODS We conducted interviews with 40 pregnant women to identify components of decision-making regarding prenatal genetic screens and tests at this visit. Analysis was approached using grounded theory. RESULTS Participants brought distinct notions of risk to the visit, including skewed perceptions of baseline risk for a fetal genetic condition and the implications of screening and testing. Participants were very concerned about financial considerations associated with these options, ranking out-of-pocket costs on par with medical considerations. Participants noted diverging priorities at the first visit from those of their healthcare provider, leading to barriers to shared decision-making regarding screening and testing during this visit. CONCLUSION Research is needed to determine how to restructure the initiation of prenatal care in a way that best positions patients to make informed decisions about prenatal genetic screens and tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Farrell
- Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Center for Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Madelyn Pierce
- Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina Collart
- Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Edward Chien
- Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Susannah L Rose
- Center for Bioethics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Office of Patient Experience, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Uma Perni
- Obstetrics/Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard Frankel
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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