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Bamidele O, Greenley S, Ukoha-Kalu BO, Titus OF, Nanton V. A Scoping Review of Stigma Related to Prostate Cancer in Black Men. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02070-5. [PMID: 38980523 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (CaP) disproportionately affects 1-in-4 Black men and is a stigmatised disease within their communities. Yet, Black men are underrepresented in CaP research concerning stigma, which necessitates a scoping review to map available evidence on this topic to inform future research. AIMS To map published literature on stigma related to CaP in Black men to understand their experiences and/or perceptions and identify directions for future research. METHODS A scoping review was conducted using the five-step framework by Arksey and O'Malley. Studies published in English addressing stigma related to CaP from the perspectives of Black men and/or their families were included. We searched six databases including Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection and Google Scholar, from inception to April 2023. Citation searches were also conducted. Two independent reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. Data was synthesised using descriptive content analysis. RESULTS Thirty-four eligible studies conducted in the USA, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, South Africa, Cameroon and Canada from 1995 to 2023 were included. A total of 1867 Black men with/without a CaP diagnosis and 145 adult partners were included. Review findings showed a complex intersection of self-stigma, public stigma and structural stigma impacted Black men's perceptions of their masculinity. While men's experiences/perceptions of stigma varied depending on their illness status, there were commonalities in their masculinity concerns (underpinned by stigma), which influenced their attitude towards digital rectal examination, post-treatment side effects and social interactions on CaP. These have implications for public health messaging on CaP within Black communities, as well as patient-provider interactions with the men. CONCLUSIONS This novel review highlights the need to pay attention to how CaP is presented to Black men and their communities using avenues and languages that are culturally acceptable and empower them to negotiate self-stigma, public stigma and structural stigma related to CaP. Directions for further research were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufikayo Bamidele
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Sarah Greenley
- Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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2
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Ewen AM, Hawkins JM, Kloss KA, Nwankwo R, Funnell MM, Sengupta S, Jean Francois N, Piatt G. The Michigan Men's Diabetes Project Randomized Clinical Control Trial: A Pilot/Feasibility Study of a Peer-Led Diabetes Self-Management and Support Intervention for Black Men With Type 2 Diabetes. Am J Mens Health 2024; 18:15579883241258318. [PMID: 38879823 PMCID: PMC11181889 DOI: 10.1177/15579883241258318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Black men are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2D) and experience higher diabetes-related complications than non-Hispanic White men. To address the complex barriers in diabetes self-management for Black men, we implemented a 3-month peer-led and empowerment-based Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) and Support (DSMS) intervention in Metro Detroit. Twenty-five Black men ≥55 years of age with self-reported T2D were randomized to the intervention group (n=12)-10 hr of DSME and 9 hr of DSMS-or enhanced usual care (EUC) group (n=13)-10 hr of DSME. Peer leaders (n = 3) were trained by certified diabetes care and education specialists (CDCESs) to cofacilitate the support sessions. Outcomes (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], diabetes self-care activities, and diabetes distress) were assessed preintervention and postintervention. In the intervention and EUC groups, mean HbA1c decreased by 0.20% (p = .52, SD = 0.99) and 0.13% (p = .68), respectively. General diet (p = .03, M change: 1.32, SD = 1.71) and blood glucose monitoring (p < .05, M change: 0.50, SD = 0.74) scores improved among those in the intervention group. General diet scores also improved in the EUC group: mean change: 1.77, p = .08, although changes were not statistically significant. Changes in diabetes distress scores differed based on the number of sessions attended, with a significant decrease in those attending 7 to 12 sessions (n = 7), >50%, (p = .003, M change: -5.71, SD = 3.20). Implementing a peer-led DSMS program for Black men was feasible, adopted, and led to positive changes in outcomes. Scaling up the intervention and assessing sustainability is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana M. Ewen
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Robin Nwankwo
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Martha M. Funnell
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srijani Sengupta
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Gretchen Piatt
- Department of Learning Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Foster S, Carvallo M, Wenske M, Lee J. Damaged Masculinity: How Honor Endorsement Can Influence Prostate Cancer Screening Decision-Making and Prostate Cancer Mortality Rates. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023; 49:296-308. [PMID: 34964413 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211065293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has established factors that contribute to the likelihood that men seek out prostate cancer screenings. The current study addresses how endorsing the ideology found in cultures of honor may serve as a barrier to prostate cancer screenings. Two studies were conducted which analyzed the impact of stigma on men's decisions to seek out prostate cancer screenings (Study 1) as well as how prostate cancer deaths may be higher in the culture of honor regions due to men's reticence to seek out screenings (Study 2). Results suggest that older, honor-endorsing men are less likely to have ever sought out a prostate cancer screening due to screening stigma and that an honor-oriented region (southern and western United States) displays higher rates of prostate cancer death than a non-honor-oriented region (northern United States). These findings suggest that honor may be a cultural framework to consider when practitioners address patients' screening-related concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jongwon Lee
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
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Persaud H, Yuan J. Prostate cancer screening behaviors among Indo-Guyanese. Cancer Causes Control 2021; 33:241-248. [PMID: 34773522 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01519-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore prostate cancer screening behaviors among Indo-Guyanese men. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted in the surrounding neighborhood of Queens, New York during 2018 and 2019. In-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted using 20 Indo-Guyanese men between the ages of 45 and 75. RESULTS The findings suggest that Indo-Guyanese men are being screened for prostate cancer at a very low rate. Only 30% (n = 6) of participants underwent prostate cancer screening. Four major themes were derived from the data, which could have contributed to the decreased level of screening. These included: (1) recommendations must come from their healthcare professional; (2) reluctance to engage in screening; (3) distrust of the medical system; and (4) screening only if symptoms are present or they know someone with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral patterns for prostate cancer screening among Indo-Guyanese men share some similarities with other Caribbean countries. Clinicians and Healthcare Professionals should be culturally competent for the patients they serve. Understanding the behavioral variations within this diverse culture could help provide the highest possible care, specifically tailored to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrynauth Persaud
- Physician Assistant Program - York College CUNY, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY, 11451, USA.
| | - Jeanetta Yuan
- Physician Assistant Program - York College CUNY, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, NY, 11451, USA
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Muermann MM, Wassersug RJ. Prostate Cancer From a Sex and Gender Perspective: A Review. Sex Med Rev 2021; 10:142-154. [PMID: 34108132 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Factors influencing patient behavior regarding risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and outcomes of PCa treatments are poorly understood. Similarly, how PCa treatments affect patient sexual function and sense of their masculinity has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of the relationship between sex and gender for patients with PCa could significantly improve their care and quality of life. OBJECTIVES To review how concerns about sex and gender influence men's attitudes toward PCa screening, diagnosis, and treatment. To explore how PCa influences sexual function and self-perceived masculine identity. To examine contexts for PSA screening for transgender individuals. METHODS We reviewed biomedical and sociological literature exploring the impact of PCa on patient sexual function and self-perceived masculinity using OVID, PubMed, and other databases. We similarly reviewed how masculine gender norms influence patient willingness to engage with PCa screening, diagnoses, and treatment. RESULTS Gender norms and sexual function concerns influence patient engagement in all aspects of PCa care. This includes PSA screening, digital rectal examinations, active surveillance, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) amongst others. ADT is particularly challenging to sexual function, self-esteem, and masculine identity. Our research suggests that sex and gender are not separate concepts, but rather tightly intertwined, particularly when dealing with the realities experienced by patients with PCa. CONCLUSION Interventions to help patients deal with the challenges of PCa and its treatment are likely to be most effective if they concurrently address patients' sexual needs and understanding of gender norms. PSA screening should be considered for transgender individuals who are at greater risk of cancer and on long-term hormone therapy. More research is needed on how concerns over sex and gender influence PCa screening, diagnosis, and treatment. There is also a need for long term data on the oncological outcomes of prolonged exposure to hormone therapy for patients who are transgender. Muermann MM, Wassersug RJ. Prostate Cancer From a Sex and Gender Perspective: A Review. Sex Med Rev 2021;XX:XXX-XXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin M Muermann
- School of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Richard J Wassersug
- Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Rochelle TL. "Take a Spoonful of Concrete and Harden the **** up!": How British Men in Hong Kong Talk About Health and Illness. Am J Mens Health 2019; 13:1557988319829334. [PMID: 30744486 PMCID: PMC6582375 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319829334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study draws on semistructured focus group discussions conducted with
British men living in Hong Kong to examine how men’s constructions of
masculinity influence health behavior and attitudes. Twenty-eight men aged 21–51
years were divided into groups based on age (≤35 years and ≥36 years); length of
residence ranged from 2 to 20 years. Discussions were analyzed using open-ended
thematic analysis. Following intensive analysis of the transcripts, four
subthemes were identified and analyzed in greater detail: (a) health talk; (b)
help-seeking behavior; (c) health risk; and (d) health motivations. Findings
suggest a widespread endorsement of a hegemonic view of masculinity among men in
the present study. Men expressed reluctance in seeking help for illness,
regardless of age, particularly when experiencing symptoms of ill-health that
were deemed to be “minor.” However, help seeking was embraced when it was
perceived to impact masculinity, for example, when potentially related to sexual
performance or function. While men in the present study were sometimes
dismissive of health advice provided by family, they were more open and
responsive to seeking help upon the advice of male friends. Findings are further
discussed with reference to the relationships between masculinities and health;
implications for health are discussed.
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7
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Jeihooni AK, Kashfi SM, Hatami M, Avand A, Bazrafshan MR. The Effect of Educational Program Based on PRECEDE Model in Promoting Prostate Cancer Screening in a Sample of Iranian Men. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:161-172. [PMID: 28913671 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1282-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases among men. This study aimed to assess the effect of educational program based on Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation (PRECEDE) model in promoting prostate cancer screening in a sample of Iranian men. This is a quasi-experimental study carried out on 300 men aged 40 to 70 (the subjects 150 experimental and 150 control groups) in Shiraz City, Fars Province, Iran, in 2016. The participants of the intervention group attended training based on the PRECEDE model. The study compared mean scores of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, perceived social support, quality of life, general health, self-efficacy, and screening behaviors of the subjects before and 6 months after intervention in experimental and control groups. The mean age of experimental group was 56.45 ± 8.65, and the mean age of the control group was 55.64 ± 8.71 years (P = 0.521). The study showed that there was a significant increase in the mean score of knowledge, attitudes, perceived self-efficacy, enabling factors, perceived social support, quality of life, public health and screening behaviors of the experimental group; however, no significant change was observed in the mean score of knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, quality of life, general health, perceived social support, enabling factors, and screening behaviors of the control group. Our findings showed that the health education programs designed based on PRECEDE could positively affect prostate cancer screening behaviors of individuals by improving their knowledge level and attitude, enabling factors, perceived social support, quality of life, general health, and self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khani Jeihooni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mansour Kashfi
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Hatami
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abulqasim Avand
- Department of Language, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Rafi Bazrafshan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
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8
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Hawkins J, Mitchell J, Piatt G, Ellis D. Older African American Men's Perspectives on Factors That Influence Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management and Peer-Led Interventions. Geriatrics (Basel) 2018; 3:geriatrics3030038. [PMID: 31011076 PMCID: PMC6319245 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics3030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Older African American men are at increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) but demonstrate high rates of poor illness management. They also participate in interventions targeting illness management at extremely low rates and are at high risk for dropout from clinical trials. One modifiable factor that has been identified in the literature that contributes to these disparities is health beliefs particular to men. Yet, despite the fact that illness management interventions have been developed to meet the needs of African Americans, none have followed recommendations to use gender-sensitive programming to meet the needs of men. The primary aim of this study was to advance our understanding of the intersection of age, race/ethnicity and gender on T2D self-management among older African American men, and to explore their preferences for a peer-led T2D self-management intervention. Two focus groups were conducted with older African American men (n = 12) over a 6-month period. Sessions lasted 90 min, were audiotaped, and analyzed using thematic content analysis techniques. The most prominent themes included: (a) the influence of gendered values and beliefs on health behavior; (b) quantity and quality of patient-provider communication; (c) social and structural barriers to T2D self-management; and (d) preferences for peer-led T2D self-management interventions. Results suggest that these themes may be particularly salient for T2D self-management in older African American men, and that this population may be receptive to a peer-led T2D self-management intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclynn Hawkins
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jamie Mitchell
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Gretchen Piatt
- School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Deborah Ellis
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Choi SK, Seel JS, Yelton B, Steck SE, McCormick DP, Payne J, Minter A, Deutchki EK, Hébert JR, Friedman DB. Prostate Cancer Information Available in Health-Care Provider Offices: An Analysis of Content, Readability, and Cultural Sensitivity. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1160-1167. [PMID: 29649921 PMCID: PMC6131445 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318768599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PrCA) is the most common cancer affecting men in the United States, and
African American men have the highest incidence among men in the United States. Little is
known about the PrCA-related educational materials being provided to patients in
health-care settings. Content, readability, and cultural sensitivity of materials
available in providers’ practices in South Carolina were examined. A total of 44
educational materials about PrCA and associated sexual dysfunction was collected from 16
general and specialty practices. The content of the materials was coded, and cultural
sensitivity was assessed using the Cultural Sensitivity Assessment Tool. Flesch Reading
Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook were used to
assess readability. Communication with health-care providers (52.3%), side effects of PrCA
treatment (40.9%), sexual dysfunction and its treatment (38.6%), and treatment options
(34.1%) were frequently presented. All materials had acceptable cultural sensitivity
scores; however, 2.3% and 15.9% of materials demonstrated unacceptable cultural
sensitivity regarding format and visual messages, respectively. Readability of the
materials varied. More than half of the materials were written above a high-school reading
level. PrCA-related materials available in health-care practices may not meet patients’
needs regarding content, cultural sensitivity, and readability. A wide range of
educational materials that address various aspects of PrCA, including treatment options
and side effects, should be presented in plain language and be culturally sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Ki Choi
- 1 Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jessica S Seel
- 2 Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Brooks Yelton
- 2 Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Susan E Steck
- 3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | | | - Johnny Payne
- 5 UsTOO Greenville and Upstate Prostate Cancer Alliance, Easley, USA
| | - Anthony Minter
- 6 USToo Columbia and ZERO Prostate Cancer, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Deutchki
- 7 Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- 2 Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,3 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Daniela B Friedman
- 1 Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,2 Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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10
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Machirori M, Patch C, Metcalfe A. Study of the relationship between Black men, culture and prostate cancer beliefs. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1442636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mavis Machirori
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery, Palliative Care, King’s College London, 1.32 James Clerk Maxwell Building, 57 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, UK
| | - Christine Patch
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery, Palliative Care, King’s College London, 1.32 James Clerk Maxwell Building, 57 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, UK
| | - Alison Metcalfe
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery, Palliative Care, King’s College London, 1.32 James Clerk Maxwell Building, 57 Waterloo Road, London SE1 8WA, UK
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11
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James LJ, Wong G, Craig JC, Hanson CS, Ju A, Howard K, Usherwood T, Lau H, Tong A. Men's perspectives of prostate cancer screening: A systematic review of qualitative studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188258. [PMID: 29182649 PMCID: PMC5705146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in men. Screening for prostate cancer is widely accepted; however concerns regarding the harms outweighing the benefits of screening exist. Although patient’s play a pivotal role in the decision making process, men may not be aware of the controversies regarding prostate cancer screening. Therefore we aimed to describe men’s attitudes, beliefs and experiences of prostate cancer screening. Methods Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies on men’s perspectives of prostate cancer screening. Electronic databases and reference lists were searched to October 2016. Findings Sixty studies involving 3,029 men aged from 18–89 years, who had been screened for prostate cancer by Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) or Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and not screened, across eight countries were included. Five themes were identified: Social prompting (trusting professional opinion, motivation from family and friends, proximity and prominence of cancer); gaining decisional confidence (overcoming fears, survival imperative, peace of mind, mental preparation, prioritising wellbeing); preserving masculinity (bodily invasion, losing sexuality, threatening manhood, medical avoidance); avoiding the unknown and uncertainties (taboo of cancer-related death, lacking tangible cause, physiological and symptomatic obscurity, ambiguity of the procedure, confusing controversies); and prohibitive costs. Conclusions Men are willing to participate in prostate cancer screening to prevent cancer and gain reassurance about their health, particularly when supported or prompted by their social networks or healthcare providers. However, to do so they needed to mentally overcome fears of losing their masculinity and accept the intrusiveness of screening, the ambiguities about the necessity and the potential for substantial costs. Addressing the concerns and priorities of men may facilitate informed decisions about prostate cancer screening and improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. James
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Germaine Wong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jonathan C. Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Camilla S. Hanson
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Angela Ju
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- Department of General Practice, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Howard Lau
- Department of Urology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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12
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Hawkins JM, Mitchell J. Can Social Integration and Social Support Help to Explain Racial Disparities in Health Care Utilization Among Men with Diabetes? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2017; 16:66-83. [PMID: 30532662 PMCID: PMC6280016 DOI: 10.3149/jmh.1601.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Discovering the mechanisms through which racial and ethnic background influence health is critical to better understanding racial disparities in health among men with a diabetes diagnosis. The present study examines whether social support and social integration mediate or buffer the relationship between race and health care utilization among U.S. men. METHOD This study used a sub-sample from the 2001 National Health Interview Survey that included Latino, African American, non-Latino White men living with self-reported diabetes (n = 7,148). RESULTS Findings revealed that African American men with high levels of social integration were less likely to forego care (OR = 0.234, [CI = 0.053,1.045]). Also, African American men who did not attend church had higher odds of foregoing care (OR = 0.222, [CI = 0.110,0.448]). CONCLUSIONS The effect of social networks operate differently for African American men with diabetes compared to non-Latino white men. Identifying racial differences in the influence of social networks on health will assist in developing interventions that may help to decrease gender and race gaps in health for men with diabetes.
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13
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Imm KR, Williams F, Housten AJ, Colditz GA, Drake BF, Gilbert KL, Yang L. African American prostate cancer survivorship: Exploring the role of social support in quality of life after radical prostatectomy. J Psychosoc Oncol 2017; 35:409-423. [PMID: 28398149 PMCID: PMC5683844 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2017.1294641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the African American prostate cancer survivorship experience following radical prostatectomy and factors contributing to quality of life during survival. Design: African American men who were part of a larger prostate cancer cohort were invited to participate in a focus group. Eighteen open-ended questions were designed by the study team and an experienced moderator to elicit participants' survivorship experiences. Results: Twelve men consented to participate in the study. Emergent themes included views of prostate cancer in the African American community, perceptions of normalcy, emotional side effects following radical prostatectomy, and social support involvement and impact during recovery. Conclusions: Previous findings suggest that African American men may experience more distress than Caucasian men when facing typical prostate cancer side effects. Traditional masculine role norms and negative perceptions of “disease disclosure” in the African American community could be contributing to the distress reported by some in this study. Strengthening social support systems by promoting more prosocial coping and help-seeking behaviors early in the survivorship journey may help bypass the detrimental health effects associated with masculine role identification, resulting in improved quality of life throughout the lengthy survival period anticipated for these men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie R Imm
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Faustine Williams
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,b Department of Health Services Management and Policy , East Tennessee State University , Johnson City , TN , USA
| | - Ashley J Housten
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,c Division of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, Department of Health Services Research , University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Graham A Colditz
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,d Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Bettina F Drake
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,d Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Keon L Gilbert
- e Department of Behavioral Science and Health Education , Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , MO , USA
| | - Lin Yang
- a Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery , Washington University School of Medicine , Saint Louis , MO , USA.,f Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health , Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
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14
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uptake of health screening is low in men, particularly among those aged <40 years. This study aimed to explore factors that influence health screening behaviour in younger men. DESIGN This qualitative study employed an interpretive descriptive approach. Two trained researchers conducted in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) using a semi-structured topic guide, which was developed based on literature review and behavioural theories. All IDIs and FGDs were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two researchers analysed the data independently using a thematic approach. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Men working in a banking institution in Kuala Lumpur were recruited to the study. They were purposively sampled according to their ethnicity, job position, age and screening status in order to achieve maximal variation. RESULTS Eight IDIs and five FGDs were conducted (n=31) and six themes emerged from the analysis. (1) Young men did not consider screening as part of prevention and had low risk perception. (2) The younger generation was more receptive to health screening due to their exposure to health information through the internet. (3) Health screening was not a priority in young men except for those who were married. (4) Young men had limited income and would rather invest in health insurance than screening. (5) Young men tended to follow doctors' advice when it comes to screening and preferred doctors of the same gender and ethnicity. (6) Medical overuse was also raised where young men wanted more screening tests while doctors tended to promote unnecessary screening tests to them. CONCLUSIONS This study identified important factors that influenced young men's screening behaviour. Health authorities should address young men's misperceptions, promote the importance of early detection and develop a reasonable health screening strategy for them. Appropriate measures must be put in place to reduce low value screening practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hai Teo
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chirk Jenn Ng
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan White
- Centre for Men's Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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15
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Ogunsanya ME, Brown CM, Odedina FT, Barner JC, Corbell B, Adedipe TB. Beliefs Regarding Prostate Cancer Screening Among Black Males Aged 18 to 40 Years. Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:41-53. [PMID: 26993999 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316637879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the salient behavioral beliefs of young Black men toward prostate cancer screening, and to identify the issues surrounding their comfortability with prostate examinations. A total of 20 Black men, aged between 18 and 40 years, participated in three focus group sessions between June 2013 and July 2013 in Austin, Texas. Participants were asked open-ended questions about: (a) the advantages and disadvantages of screening to identify salient behavioral beliefs about screening and (b) issues that would make prostate examinations comfortable or uncomfortable to identify comfortability factors. Focus group discussions were tape-recorded, transcribed, and content analyzed to identify emerging themes of salient beliefs and comfortability. Also, nine salient behavioral beliefs toward prostate cancer screening were identified, and eight factors were linked to comfortability with prostate examinations. Given the increase of prostate cancer disparity as a public health issue, understanding the beliefs of Black men of prescreening age (18-40 years) may be crucial to the effectiveness of future interventions to improve screening when recommended at later ages.
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16
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Christy SM, Mosher CE, Rawl SM, Haggstrom DA. Masculinity Beliefs and Colorectal Cancer Screening in Male Veterans. PSYCHOLOGY OF MEN & MASCULINITY 2016; 18:390-399. [PMID: 29308055 DOI: 10.1037/men0000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As the third most common cause of cancer death among United States men, colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a significant threat to men's health. Although adherence to CRC screening has the potential to reduce CRC mortality by approximately half, men's current rates of adherence fall below national screening objectives. In qualitative studies, men have reported forgoing screenings involving the rectum (e.g., colonoscopy) due to concern about breaching masculinity norms. However, the extent to which masculinity beliefs predict men's CRC screening adherence has yet to be examined. The current study tested the hypothesis that greater endorsement of masculinity beliefs (i.e., self-reliance, risk-taking, heterosexual self-presentation, and primacy of work) would be associated with a lower likelihood of adherence to CRC screening with any test and with colonoscopy specifically. Participants were 327 men aged 51-75 at average risk for CRC who were accessing primary care services at a Midwestern Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Contrary to hypotheses, masculinity beliefs did not predict CRC screening outcomes in hierarchical regression analyses that controlled for demographic predictors of screening. Although results are largely inconsistent with masculinity theory and prior qualitative findings, further research is needed to determine the degree to which findings generalize to other populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Christy
- Health Outcomes and Behavior Program, Division of Population Science, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Catherine E Mosher
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Susan M Rawl
- School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Haggstrom
- HSR&D Center for Health Information and Communication, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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