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Quixabeira Oliveira GA, Pérez-DE-Oliveira ME, Robinson L, Khurram SA, Hunter K, Speight PM, Kowalski LP, Lopes Pinto CA, Sales De Sá R, Mendonça EF, Sousa-Neto SS, de Carlucci Junior D, Mariano FV, Altemani AMDAM, Martins MD, Zanella VG, Perez DEDC, Dos Santos JN, Romañach MJ, Abrahão AC, Andrade BABD, Pontes HAR, Jorge Junior J, Santos-Silva AR, Lopes MA, Van Heerden WFP, Vargas PA. Epithelial salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients: An international collaborative study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 168:111519. [PMID: 36965251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salivary gland tumors (SGT) are a diverse group of uncommon neoplasms that are rare in pediatric patients. This study aimed to characterize the clinicopathological profile of pediatric patients affected by SGT from a large case series derived from an international group of academic centers. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with SGT (0-19 years old) diagnosed between 2000 and 2021 from Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom was performed. SPSS Statistics for Windows was used for a quantitative analysis of the data, with a descriptive analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and the association between clinical variables and diagnoses. RESULTS A total of 203 cases of epithelial SGT were included. Females were slightly more commonly (56.5%), with a mean age of 14.1 years. The palate was the most common site (43.5%), followed by the parotid gland (29%), lip (10%), and submandibular gland (7.5%). The predominant clinical presentation was a flesh-colored, smooth, and painless nodule. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) was the most frequently diagnosed SGT (58.6%), followed by mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) (26.6%). Surgery (90.8%) was the favored treatment option. CONCLUSIONS Benign SGT in pediatric patients are more commonly benign than malignant tumors. Clinicians should keep PA and MEC in mind when assessing nodular lesions of possible salivary gland origin in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liam Robinson
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Syed Ali Khurram
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Hunter
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Speight
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Pathology, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Luiz Paulo Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo (USP) Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clóvis Antonio Lopes Pinto
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raísa Sales De Sá
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elismauro Francisco Mendonça
- Department of Stomatology (Oral Pathology), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Viviane Mariano
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Virgílio Gonzales Zanella
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Head and Neck Surgery Department, Santa Rita Hospital, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Oral Surgical Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mário José Romañach
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Corrêa Abrahão
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Hélder Antônio Rebelo Pontes
- Service of Oral Pathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Jacks Jorge Junior
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Roger Santos-Silva
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcio Ajudarte Lopes
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willie F P Van Heerden
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Pablo Agustin Vargas
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Galluzzi F, Garavello W. Surgical treatment of pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland in children: a systematic review. Auris Nasus Larynx 2022; 49:547-553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Salivary gland tumours are rare in children. We present the case of an infant who presented with a progressively increasing swelling of short duration in the parotid region accompanied by a small preauricular cutaneous haemangioma. Failing to comply with the commoner diagnoses like parotitis, help of imaging was taken that pointed towards the rarer diagnosis of parotid haemangioma. The child was started on oral propranolol and dramatic reduction in parotid and cutaneous swelling was seen after three months of therapy without any side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Chandrika Azad
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dharmender Kumar Singh
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
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Incidence and survival of salivary gland cancer in children and young adults in Denmark: A nation-wide study for the period 1990-2015. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 143:110637. [PMID: 33550099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate incidence and survival of children and young adults with salivary gland cancer (SGC) in Denmark during the period 1990-2015. METHOD We included all patients aged 0-24 years registered with primary SGC in the Danish Cancer Registry, the Danish Pathology Data Bank, or the DAHANCA database during 1990-2015. Patients were divided in two age-groups: children (0-17 years) and young adults (18-24 years). Incidence rates, overall survival (OS), and recurrence free survival (RFS) was evaluated in relation to age-group, sex, tumor location, tumor histology, and T-, N-, and M-classification. RESULTS A total of 70 SGC patients between 0 and 24 years (67% female, n = 47) were included. Thirty-six were children at time of diagnosis, and 34 were young adults. The incidence was higher among young adults compared to children (0.29 vs. 0.11 per 100.000) and showed no significant change during the study period. There were no differences in the distribution of sex, tumor location, or tumor histology between children and young adults. The total 5 and 15-year survival rates were 97.1% and 91.7% for OS, and 97.1% and 83.1% for RFS. The survival rates showed no significant differences according to age-groups, sex, tumor location, or tumor histology. Patients diagnosed in stage T4 had significantly worse OS and RFS. CONCLUSION The incidence of SGC among children and young adults in Denmark was low and stable in the period 1990-2015. The overall survival was very high, demonstrating the excellent prognosis for children and young adults with SGC.
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Ronchi A, Di Martino M, Caputo A, Zeppa P, Colella G, Franco R, Cozzolino I. Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Is an Effective Diagnostic Tool in Paediatric Patients with Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma as Secondary Neoplasm. Acta Cytol 2020; 64:520-531. [PMID: 32526741 DOI: 10.1159/000508395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour in paediatric population, accounting for 16% of all cases. Patients affected by a previous solid or leukaemic neoplasm during their childhood may develop a second different tumour during the follow-up. In this setting, salivary gland MEC is relatively frequent, accounting for 6% of the second neoplasms in paediatric patients. Consequently, the occurrence of salivary gland nodules in paediatric patients with a previous neoplasm should be considered an event with a high risk of malignancy that poses peculiar diagnostic challenges. SUMMARY This study was designed to define clinical and instrumental findings and morphological features of MEC on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) samples in paediatric patients with and without a previous neoplasm. Five patients under 19 years are included in this series. FNAC was performed in all patients on a parotid nodule. We have identified 2 groups of patients: (a) 2 cases with previous history of malignancy (acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and Hodgkin lymphoma) and (b) 3 cases without previous malignant neoplasms. In all cases, a final diagnosis of MEC was rendered. Key Messages: MEC may occur as a second malignancy in paediatric patients. FNAC is certainly a valid and accurate diagnostic tool for this type of neoplasm, even in the paediatric age, allowing the correct management of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Di Martino
- Unit of Hematology-Oncology, Pediatric Department, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caputo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialty, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy,
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Ronchi A, Montella M, Zito Marino F, Panarese I, Pagliuca F, Colella G, Franco R, Cozzolino I. Diagnostic accuracy of FNA cytology for diagnosis of salivary gland tumors in pediatric patients. Cancer Cytopathol 2019; 127:529-538. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ronchi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
| | - Marco Montella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
| | - Federica Zito Marino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
| | - Iacopo Panarese
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
| | - Francesca Pagliuca
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colella
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Specialty University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
| | - Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli” Naples Italy
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Dombrowski ND, Wolter NE, Irace AL, Cunningham MJ, Mack JW, Marcus KJ, Vargas SO, Perez-Atayde AR, Robson CD, Rahbar R. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 120:93-99. [PMID: 30772619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a rare malignant salivary gland neoplasm in the pediatric population. Few studies have discussed best practice with respect to diagnosis and treatment in children. OBJECTIVE To present our institution's experience with the evaluation and management of pediatric mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. METHODS Retrospective chart review of patients under 20 years of age diagnosed with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck between 1998 and 2017. Data assessed includes demographics, clinical presentation, imaging examinations, histopathology, treatment, complications, local recurrence, distant metastasis, and follow-up. RESULTS Sixteen patients (10 female, 6 male) were identified with a median age of 12.9 (IQR: 10.9-15.0) years. Tumors were located within the parotid gland (n = 11, 68.8%), accessory lobe of the parotid gland (n = 2, 12.5%), palate (n = 2, 12.5%), and submandibular region (n = 1, 6.3%). In 9 patients (56.3%) a neoplastic etiology was suspected based on the clinical and/or radiographic findings and confirmed pathologically on biopsy or excision. All patients were treated surgically and five patients required adjuvant radiotherapy. One patient had recurrence requiring re-excision. Seven patients (43.8%) had transient facial paresis post-operatively and one had Frey syndrome. Median follow-up time was 59.7 months (IQR: 18.9-99.3). CONCLUSION The malignant nature of mucoepidermoid carcinoma requires comprehensive, multidisciplinary management. Imaging and tissue sampling by fine needle aspiration give clinicians the best insight into location and nature of the mass. Complete surgical excision with attention to preservation of facial nerve and achieving negative margins is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha D Dombrowski
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Nikolaus E Wolter
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandria L Irace
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Michael J Cunningham
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Jennifer W Mack
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Karen J Marcus
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Sara O Vargas
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Antonio R Perez-Atayde
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Caroline D Robson
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, United States.
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8
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Zamani M, Grønhøj C, Schmidt Jensen J, von Buchwald C, Charabi BW, Hjuler T. Survival and characteristics of pediatric salivary gland cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27543. [PMID: 30378272 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for studies from 2000 to 2017 including children aged 0-19 with salivary gland cancer was performed. In 19 studies, 749 children (median age of 14.2 years, female to male ratio of 1.4:1) were included; 72% had parotid tumors and 95% underwent surgery, of whom 65% had surgery alone and 24% with adjuvant radiotherapy. Low-grade and stage mucoepidermoid carcinoma were the most frequent cancer. The 5-year overall- and disease-free survival was 94% and 83%. Recurrence was observed in 20% at a median of 1.1 years from diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Zamani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Grønhøj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Schmidt Jensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Wittenborg Charabi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Hjuler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck in children: presentation and management. Laryngoscope 2018; 129:2603-2609. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.27590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Primary epithelial salivary gland tumours in children and adolescents. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 47:11-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ata-Ali J, Zurriaga O, Alberich C. Incidence and survival rates for malignant salivary gland tumors. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:67-73. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.58.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ata-Ali
- Public Dental Health Service, Arnau de Vilanova Hospital
- Department of Dentistry, European University of Valencia
| | - Oscar Zurriaga
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Medical and Dental School, University of Valencia
- Department of Health, General Directorate of Public Health
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Consortium for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP)
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Lennon P, Silvera VM, Perez-Atayde A, Cunningham MJ, Rahbar R. Disorders and tumors of the salivary glands in children. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2015; 48:153-73. [PMID: 25439553 DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salivary gland neoplasms are rare in children. In infants most tumors are benign hemangiomas, with some notable exceptions, such as sialoblastomas. An asymptomatic swelling in the periauricular region is the most common presenting complaint in older children. Approximately 50% of these lesions are malignant, which dictates a thorough diagnostic evaluation by a head and neck surgeon. Surgical excision is the primary treatment modality. Prognosis is primarily determined by histopathologic findings. This review discusses neoplastic lesions of the salivary glands in children, and malignant epithelial tumors in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lennon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - V Michelle Silvera
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Radiology 300 Longwood Avenue Main Building, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Perez-Atayde
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pathology, 300 Longwood Avenue, Bader, 1st Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J Cunningham
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, 333 Longwood Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Reza Rahbar
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Otolaryngology & Communication Enhancement, 333 Longwood Avenue, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Stevens E, Andreasen S, Bjørndal K, Homøe P. Tumors in the parotid are not relatively more often malignant in children than in adults. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1192-5. [PMID: 25953456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumors of the parotid gland in children are rare and very little data has been published regarding the incidence of these tumors. We present a nationwide survey on this topic. METHODS Data regarding benign and malignant tumors in the parotid gland in children from January 1st, 1990 to December 31st, 2005 in Denmark was collected retrospectively from nationwide registries. This generated 61 patients for inclusion in this study. RESULTS 85% of the tumors were benign and the malignant tumors made up the last 15%. The most common of the malignant tumors was the acinic cell carcinoma (n=4) followed by the mucoepidermoid carcinoma (n=3) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (n=2). The overall female-to-male ratio was 1.18, with a ratio of 1.08 and 2.0 in the benign and malignant groups, respectively. At the end of follow-up (August 1st, 2014) two patients had died, one with adenoid cystic carcinoma and one with mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Both patients had perineural invasion and involved resection margins at presentation. The incidence was 0.12 and 0.53 per 100,000 children of the malignant and benign tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION Pleomorphic adenomas were the predominant neoplasm in the parotid gland in children. The most frequent of the malignant tumors was the acinic cell carcinoma, which is in contrast to previous studies. The proportion of malignant-to-benign parotid gland tumors is in contrast to earlier study reports not higher in children than in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Stevens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Køge University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - S Andreasen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Køge University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - K Bjørndal
- Department of ENT Head and Neck Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000 Odense C, Denmark.
| | - P Homøe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Køge University Hospital, Lykkebækvej 1, 4600 Køge, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Iro H, Zenk J. Salivary gland diseases in children. GMS CURRENT TOPICS IN OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD AND NECK SURGERY 2014; 13:Doc06. [PMID: 25587366 PMCID: PMC4273167 DOI: 10.3205/cto000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland diseases in children are rare, apart from viral-induced diseases. Nevertheless, it is essential for the otolaryngologist to recognize these uncommon findings in children and adolescents and to diagnose and initiate the proper treatment. The present work provides an overview of the entire spectrum of congenital and acquired diseases of the salivary glands in childhood and adolescence. The current literature was reviewed and the results discussed and summarized. Besides congenital diseases of the salivary glands in children, the main etiologies of viral and bacterial infections, autoimmune diseases and tumors of the salivary glands were considered. In addition to the known facts, new developments in diagnostics, imaging and therapy, including sialendoscopy in obstructive diseases and chronic recurrent juvenile sialadenitis were taken into account. In addition, systemic causes of salivary gland swelling and the treatment of sialorrhoea were discussed. Although salivary gland diseases in children are usually included in the pathology of the adult, they differ in their incidence and sometimes in their symptoms. Clinical diagnostics and especially the surgical treatment are influenced by a stringent indications and a less invasive strategy. Due to the rarity of tumors of the salivary glands in children, it is recommended to treat them in a specialized center with greater surgical experience. Altogether the knowledge of the differential diagnoses in salivary gland diseases in children is important for otolaryngologists, to indicate the proper therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinrich Iro
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zenk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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Chiaravalli S, Guzzo M, Bisogno G, De Pasquale MD, Migliorati R, De Leonardis F, Collini P, Casanova M, Cecchetto G, Ferrari A. Salivary gland carcinomas in children and adolescents: the Italian TREP project experience. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1961-8. [PMID: 25132368 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary gland carcinomas are extremely rare in pediatric age. We report the clinical features of a series of children/adolescents with salivary gland carcinomas prospectively registered in the Italian TREP (Rare Tumors in Pediatric Age) project. PROCEDURES Diagnostic/therapeutic guidelines were developed and shared among Italian pediatric oncology/surgical centers. RESULTS Seventeen patients were registered between 2000 and 2012, representing 19% of the cases expected to be seen based on epidemiological data. Tumors arose mainly in the parotid gland (14 cases). In most cases they were low-grade tumors (14 cases), often with a favorable clinical presentation, and low-stage disease. All patients underwent surgical resection, achieving histologically free margins in 9/17 cases. Thirteen of the 14 patients with parotid gland tumors had parotidectomy (10 total, 3 superficial), while one had a tumorectomy. Postoperative facial nerve lesions were reported in two cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was given to 6 patients. The overall prognosis was good: only one patient with a huge high-grade tumor experienced disease progression and died of the disease. The other 16 patients were alive in first continuous remission 1-8 years after diagnosis. In 4/17 cases, the salivary gland carcinoma was a second tumor occurring 6-9 years after another primary cancer. CONCLUSIONS This is the first reported prospective national cooperative series of pediatric salivary gland carcinoma patients. Compliance with the TREP recommendations was high. These tumors are rarely managed by pediatric oncologists/surgeons. A broader international cooperation and better networking with otolaryngologists and head-neck surgeons expert on adult salivary gland carcinomas would be advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Chiaravalli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
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16
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Braich PS, Shetty S, Lingampally A, Ajemian MS, Bhaya MH. A Rare Cause of Submandibular Swelling in a 12-year-old child: Pleomorphic Adenoma. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/014556131409300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma is rare in pediatric populations, where viral and congenital problems are the usual culprits responsible for submandibular masses. We report the case of a 12-year-old child who presented with a painless right submandibular mass that had developed over the course of 4 months. The patient denied fever, erythema, and edema. The mass was diagnosed as a branchial cleft cyst before complete excision was performed. The pattern and etiology of a pleomorphic adenoma in children differs from those in adults. In children, it requires prompt and correct diagnosis to keep morbidity and mortality at a minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet S. Braich
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, MCV Campus, Richmond
| | - Shohan Shetty
- Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Health
System/Yale Affiliate, Waterbury, Conn
| | - Archana Lingampally
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center/Weill Cornell Affiliate, New York, N.Y
| | - Michael S. Ajemian
- Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Health
System/Yale Affiliate, Waterbury, Conn
| | - Mahesh H. Bhaya
- Department of Surgery, Saint Mary's Health
System/Yale Affiliate, Waterbury, Conn
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17
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Engelmann L. [2014: activation of OPS 8-980 "Complex intensive care treatment" by DIMDI]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2013; 109:61. [PMID: 24352621 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-013-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Engelmann
- -, Sigebandweg 25, 04279, Leipzig, Deutschland,
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18
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19
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Epithelial salivary gland tumors in children: a twenty-five-year experience of 122 patients. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 77:1252-4. [PMID: 23746416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate our 25-year experience of pediatric salivary tumors. METHODS Patients less than 19 years old with a diagnosis of salivary tumor were identified at Oral-maxillofacial Head and Neck Tumor Center, China Medical University from 1987 to 2011. RESULTS 122 patients were included in our study, 105 tumors were benign and 17 were malignant. The most common involved site was parotid gland, pleomorphic adenoma represented 91.4% in benign group, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma represented 47.1% in malignant group. All tumors in submandibular gland were benign. Warthin's tumor was diagnosed in one patient. In our follow-up, no regional recurrences occurred in patients without neck dissection. The 5- and 10-year overall survival rates of patients with malignant salivary tumors were 81.8% and 66.7% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial salivary tumor was rare, parotid gland was most common involved site, pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant tumor respectively. The prognosis of patients with malignant salivary tumors was not very favorable.
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20
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Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid as a secondary malignancy after chemotherapy in a child with neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2013; 35:399-401. [PMID: 22469948 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0b013e3182468c55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Secondary neoplasms are not reported frequently after neuroblastoma, which until recently was a cancer with limited long-term survival. Although salivary gland tumors in children and adolescents may be idiopathic, they are seen more often after head and neck radiation. We report a child with stage 4 neuroblastoma treated with high-dose multiagent chemotherapy without radiation therapy to his neck who, within 1 year of treatment, developed a low-grade but large and locally aggressive mucoepidermoid carcinoma of his parotid gland further characterized by a t(11;19)(q21;p13.1). Our patient extends the spectrum of secondary neoplasms after neuroblastoma.
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21
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Abstract
Salivary gland tumours are rare in children and when they do arise, they preferentially affect major salivary glands with sporadic incidence in minor salivary glands. The mucosa of the cheek is an uncommon site of occurrence for intraoral pleomorphic adenoma and most of these cases have been reported in adults. Histologically, it shows a highly variable morphology because of interplay between epithelial and mesenchymal (myxoid, hyaline, chondroid, osseous) elements which arise from same cell clone, which may be a myoepithelial or ductal reserve cell. Here we report a rare case of juvenile pleomorphic adenoma of the cheek in a 12-year-old girl with a predominant epithelial component histologically. Relevant studies are discussed with a focus on its cytology and cytogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ananthaneni
- Department of Oral Pathology, St Joseph Dental College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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22
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125I Seed implant brachytherapy for the treatment of parotid gland cancers in children and adolescents. Strahlenther Onkol 2013; 189:401-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-013-0313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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24
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Fonseca FP, de Vasconcelos Carvalho M, de Almeida OP, Rangel ALCA, Takizawa MCH, Bueno AG, Vargas PA. Clinicopathologic analysis of 493 cases of salivary gland tumors in a Southern Brazilian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2012; 114:230-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Rutt AL, Hawkshaw MJ, Lurie D, Sataloff RT. Salivary gland cancer in patients younger than 30 years. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2011; 90:174-84. [PMID: 21500170 DOI: 10.1177/014556131109000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that salivary gland tumors are rare in the young population. A clinical diagnosis has to be made very carefully because the proportion of malignancies is higher in children than in adults. We present a review of cases of malignant salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) in patients younger than 30 years of age. Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 Registry. A total of 763 patients younger than 30 years with carcinoma of a major salivary gland from 1973 to 2004 were identified within the SEER database. The most common salivary gland cancer was mucoepidermoid parotid gland carcinoma. The incidence of all major salivary gland carcinomas increased with increasing patient age. The 5-year relative survival rate for salivary gland carcinomas in our population was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier analysis in each age group. Relative 5-year survival was 100% in the 1 patient younger than 1 year, 50.0% in the 1- to 4-year-old group; 87.2% among the 5- to 9-year-olds; 97.0% among the 10- to 14-year-olds; 95.0% among the 15- to 19-year-olds; 95.1% among the 20- to 24-year-olds; and 93.6% in the 25- to 29-year-old group. We found that SGC affects patients of all ages, even children in the first year of life. It is essential for physicians to detect salivary gland neoplasms promptly and to evaluate them thoroughly when they are found in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Rutt
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Detroit Medical Center/Michigan State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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26
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Das K, Jain S, Chichra A, Gupta H, Kapoor G. Non-hematological tumors of head and neck region in the pediatric age group in a tertiary care cancer center. Pediatr Surg Int 2011; 27:919-23. [PMID: 21544644 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-011-2916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the clinical profile, management and outcome of non-hematological tumors in head and neck region in children less than 18 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS Medical records of patients (0-18 years) presenting with non-hematological tumors of head and neck region from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed. RESULT Out of the 78 patients identified, 50 were males with median age of 14 years (3 months to 18 years). Histologically, 58 out of the 78 patients had malignant tumors and 20 were metastatic at presentation. Common site of tumor origin was noted as thyroid (23/78), salivary glands (21/78) and nasopharynx (13/78). Out of 78 patients, 44 patients were treated by surgery, 26 patients received radiation and 13 patients received chemotherapy, while 9 patients received radio-iodine (I-131) treatment. Median follow up of all cases was 22 months (range 1 month to 8 years). The event free survival was 74.1% and overall survival was 89.6%. Subset analysis revealed patients with thyroid and salivary gland malignancies have excellent survival, while those with squamous cell carcinoma and high risk neuroblastoma had poor outcome. CONCLUSION This study reveals the interesting profile of head and neck tumors in children, and important role of surgery for favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Das
- Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Center, Delhi, India
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27
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Atarbashi Moghadam S, Atarbashi Moghadam F, Dadfar M. Epithelial salivary gland tumors in ahvaz, southwest of iran. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2010; 4:120-3. [PMID: 23346338 PMCID: PMC3429964 DOI: 10.5681/joddd.2010.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims
Salivary gland tumors are rare and specific lesions. There are differences in the incidence and frequency of salivary tumors in both minor and major salivary glands in different countries. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of major and minor salivary gland tumors in Ahvaz in the south of Iran.
Materials and methods
All the cases, recorded in Imam Khomeyni Hospital and Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran from 1997 to 2008 were assessed. Age, gender, anatomical location, and histology of all the specimens were evaluated.
Results
Of 112 cases, 84 cases were benign and 28 cases were malignant. Female predominance was observed in these cases. Most lesions appeared in the third to fifth decades of life (60.71%). The incidence of malignant salivary gland tumors increased with age and male predominance was found in malignant tumors. The majority of the tumors occurred in parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common histological type (65.17%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma were the most common malignant tumors.
Conclusion
It was shown that the peak incidence age of all salivary gland tumors was the third to fifth decades, and malignant tumors mostly occurred in the sixth to eighth decades. Female predominance for all the tumors and slight male predominance in malignant tumors were observed. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor. The most common malignant tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saede Atarbashi Moghadam
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz , Iran
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28
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Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK. Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2010; 9:205-8. [PMID: 22190789 DOI: 10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleomorphic adenoma is the benign tumor of salivary glands, which originates from the myoepithelial cells and intercalated duct cells. This tumor is more common in major salivary glands. This case report describes a rare and unusual lesion in a 55-year-old female, which was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands in the upper lip. The tumor was a circumscribed, submucosal nodule, about 2.0 cm in diameter and was characterized by slow growth and rubbery consistency. Complete excision was performed and the histopathological analysis showed an epithelial salivary gland tumor with islands of plasmacytoid cells, duct like structures, in a variable stroma with chondroid, fibrous and myxoid appearance. No recurrence was observed 1 year after the surgery.
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29
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Craver RD, Fonseca P, Carr R. Pediatric epithelial salivary gland tumors: spectrum of histologies and cytogenetics at a children's hospital. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2010; 13:348-53. [PMID: 20055685 DOI: 10.2350/09-05-0654-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports regarding the relative frequency of benign and malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors in children. There are only a few reports of the cytogenetic abnormalities in the pleomorphic adenomas (PA) that arise in children, and even less information regarding the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) and high motility group A2 (HMGA2 ) histochemical staining in PAs, or their correlation with histologic types (stromal vs epithelial predominance). A retrospective 14 year review of epithelial salivary gland tumors encountered at a children's hospital identified 13 tumors: 12 PAs and 1 acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). No mucoepidermoid carcinomas were identified. Tumors arose in the parotid (7) and other sites (2 submandibular, 4 minor). Ten PAs in our cohort had cytogenetic studies. Four were normal, 5 involved 8q12, and 1 involved 12q13. Immunohistochemistry identified an additional 2 PAs with PLAG1 staining, and 5 additional PAs with HMGA2 staining. One tumor with ins(18;8)(q21.1;q12q22.2) had no PLAG1 staining, but stained with HMGA2. This ins(18;8) may not have involved the PLAG1 gene. There was no demonstrable correlation of 8q12/PLAG1 staining or 12q13/HMGA2 staining with histologic type. Thus we found abnormalities in either 8q12/PLAG1 staining or 12q13/HMGA2 staining in all PAs. The HMGA2 staining in 50% of PAs suggests that it may be more frequently involved in PAs than previously thought based on cytogenetic studies, at least in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall D Craver
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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30
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31
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Ellies M, Laskawi R. Diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents. Head Face Med 2010; 6:1. [PMID: 20156335 PMCID: PMC2831878 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen differs from that in adults. It is therefore all the more important to gain exact and extensive insight into general and special aspects of pathological changes of the salivary glands in these age groups. Etiology and pathogenesis of these entities is still not yet fully known for the age group in question so that general rules for treatment, based on clinical experience, cannot be given, particularly in view of the small number of cases of the different diseases. Swellings of the salivary glands may be caused by acute and chronic inflammatory processes, by autoimmune diseases, by duct translocation due to sialolithiasis, and by tumors of varying dignity. Clinical examination and diagnosis has also to differentiate between salivary gland cysts and inflammation or tumors. CONCLUSION Salivary gland diseases are rare in childhood and adolescence. Their pattern of incidence differs very much from that of adults. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach. The rareness of salivary gland tumors is particularly true for the malignant parotid tumors which are more frequent in juvenile patients, a fact that has to be considered in diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Ellies
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rainer Laskawi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Patil DT, Chou PM. Sialoblastoma: utility of Ki-67 and p53 as a prognostic tool and review of literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2010; 13:32-8. [PMID: 20001735 DOI: 10.2350/09-05-0650-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sialoblastoma is a rare tumor of the salivary gland that commonly occurs in the parotid gland and occasionally in the sub-mandibular gland. The malignant potential of sialoblastoma has been documented in only 3 of 32 cases of sialoblastoma reported thus far. In the last 15 years, we have encountered 2 cases of sialoblastoma, in a newborn and in a 15-year-old boy, both arising within the parotid gland. Case 1 has been previously reported and although there were 2 recurrences, at 1 and 9 years post resection, it has shown benign biological behavior. Case 2 is unusual since the patient presented with metastases. We reviewed the 2 cases, including the 2 recurrences from the first case, for histologic and immunohistochemical differences. Although both cases showed similar cytomorphologic features, there was a significant difference in Ki-67 expression: 20% in case 1 (original tumor), <2% in case 1 (recurrent tumor), and nearly 70-80% in the recent malignant case. The difference is remarkable when combined with p53 expression, which was focally positive in the first case but diffusely positive in the second. This report highlights the potential utility of proliferation markers such as Ki-67 in concert with p53 expression to better predict the biological behavior of a rare but locally aggressive neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa T Patil
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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33
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Santana MVM, Duarte ECB, Johann ACBR, de Fátima Correia-Silva J, de Aguiar MCF, Mesquita RA. Ulcerated midline nodule of the hard palate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:412-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Laikui L, Hongwei L, Hongbing J, Zhixiu H. Epithelial salivary gland tumors of children and adolescents in west China population: a clinicopathologic study of 79 cases. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37:201-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2007.00618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lotufo MA, Júnior CAL, Mattos JPD, França CM. Pleomorphic adenoma of the upper lip in a child. J Oral Sci 2008; 50:225-8. [PMID: 18587216 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.50.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mônica A Lotufo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry, Ibirapuera University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Basal cell adenoma versus pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland: CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007; 189:W254-61. [PMID: 17954621 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.07.2292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basal cell adenoma is a rare benign epithelial tumor of the salivary gland. The objective of this study is to present the CT findings of parotid basal cell adenoma. We also compare CT findings of basal cell adenoma with those of pleomorphic adenoma, the most common parotid tumor, to determine whether any features on CT can help differentiate these two entities. CONCLUSION Basal cell adenomas of the parotid gland are located chiefly in the superficial lobe. They are generally round, well-circumscribed tumors that show heterogeneous enhancement on CT. The age of the patient and the attenuation on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced CT may help in differentiating basal cell adenoma from pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.
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Zernial O, Springer IN, Warnke P, Härle F, Risick C, Wiltfang J. Long-term recurrence rate of pleomorphic adenoma and postoperative facial nerve paresis (in parotid surgery). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2007; 35:189-92. [PMID: 17576069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2007.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate recurrence rates and comorbidity in patients with pleomorphic adenomas of patients after superficial and total conservative parotidectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Localization of pleomorphic adenomas, age, sex distribution and facial nerve function of 73 patients were examined in this retrospective study. The recurrence rate could be determined in 43 of these patients. The interval between surgery and last recall varied between 2 and 20 years (median: 8.1 years). RESULTS Most of the patients were female (67%) with a parotid pleomorphic adenoma. No recurrence was found regard less of whether a superficial or total conservative parotidectomy had been performed. Our data did show that the total conservative parotidectomy is associated with a higher incidence of temporary impaired facial nerve function, which was seen in 42% of this group. Temporary decreased nerve function after superficial parotidectomy was rare being apparent in only 16% of this group. CONCLUSION A more radical procedure does not significantly lower the recurrence rate. We suggest that the indication for a total conservative parotidectomy in cases of superficial adenomas should be considered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Zernial
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH) Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 16, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Al-Khateeb TH, Ababneh KT. Salivary tumors in north Jordanians: a descriptive study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 103:e53-9. [PMID: 17368055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the types and distribution of tumors of salivary glands in north Jordanians. STUDY DESIGN The records of the Department of Pathology at Jordan University of Science and Technology were reviewed for patients who were treated for salivary gland tumors from 1991 to 2002. The tumors were analyzed for age of patient, sex of patient, tumor site, and tumor type. RESULTS One hundred two true neoplasms (70% benign and 30% malignant) were found. The most frequent benign and malignant neoplasms found were pleomorphic adenoma (54%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (13%), respectively. The most common major and minor salivary gland sites were the parotid (51%) and palatal glands (20%), respectively. Although most of major gland tumors were adenomas, carcinomas of the minor glands were only slightly less frequent than adenomas. The most frequent malignant parotid tumors were adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The most frequent minor salivary gland malignant tumors were palatal adenoid cystic carcinoma. Age ranged from 1 to 94 (mean 40) years, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.2. CONCLUSION North Jordanians with salivary gland tumors were found to have similar characteristics with patients of other countries with regard to tumor type, tumor site distribution, and age and sex of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiseer Hussain Al-Khateeb
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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