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de Kort WWB, de Ruiter EJ, Haakma WE, Driehuis E, Devriese LA, van Es RJJ, Willems SM. p-mTOR, p-ERK and PTEN Expression in Tumor Biopsies and Organoids as Predictive Biomarkers for Patients with HPV Negative Head and Neck Cancer. Head Neck Pathol 2023; 17:697-707. [PMID: 37486536 PMCID: PMC10514008 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-023-01576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival rates of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) have only marginally improved in the last decades. Hence there is a need for predictive biomarkers for long-time survival that can help to guide treatment decisions and might lead to the development of new therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is the most frequently altered pathway in HNSCC, genes are often mutated, amplificated and overexpressed causing aberrant signaling affecting cell growth and differentiation. Numerous genetic alterations of upstream and downstream factors have currently been clarified. However, their predictive value has yet to be established. Therefore we assess the predictive value of p-mTOR, p-ERK and PTEN expression. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMA's) of HPV-negative patients with oropharyngeal (n = 48), hypopharyngeal (n = 16) or laryngeal (n = 13) SCC, treated with primary chemoradiation (cisplatin/carboplatin/cetuximab and radiotherapy), were histologically stained for p-mTOR, PTEN and p-ERK. Expression was correlated to overall survival (OS), disease free survival (DFS) and locoregional control (LRC). Also p-mTOR was histologically stained in a separate cohort of HNSCC organoids (n = 8) and correlated to mTOR-inhibitor everolimus response. RESULTS High p-mTOR expression correlated significantly with worse OS in multivariate analysis in the whole patient cohort [Hazar Ratio (HR) 1.06, 95%CI 1.01-1.11, p = 0.03] and in the cisplatin/carboplatin group with both worse OS (HR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02-1.16, p = 0.02) and DFS (HR 1.06, 95%CI 1.00-1.12, p = 0,04). p-ERK expression correlated significantly with DFS in univariate analysis in the whole patient cohort (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.05, p = 0.04) and cisplatin/carboplatin group (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.00-1.07, p = 0.04). PTEN-expression did not correlate with OS/DFS/LRC. Better organoid response to everolimus correlated significantly to higher p-mTOR expression (Rs = - 0.731, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS High p-mTOR expression predicts and high p-ERK expression tends to predict worse treatment outcome in HPV negative HNSCC patients treated with chemoradiation, providing additional evidence that these markers are candidate prognostic biomarkers for survival in this patient population. Also this study shows that the use of HNSCC organoids for biomarker research has potential. The role of PTEN expression as prognostic biomarker remains unclear, as consistent evidence on its prognostic and predictive value is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. W. B. de Kort
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. J. de Ruiter
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. E. Haakma
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E. Driehuis
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. A. Devriese
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. J. van Es
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Utrecht Cancer Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S. M. Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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Osan C, Chira S, Nutu AM, Braicu C, Baciut M, Korban SS, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Connection between MicroRNAs and Oral Cancer Pathogenesis: Emerging Biomarkers in Oral Cancer Management. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121989. [PMID: 34946938 PMCID: PMC8700798 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is a common human malignancy that still maintains an elevated mortality rate despite scientific progress. Tumorigenesis is driven by altered gene expression patterns of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. MicroRNAs, a class of short non-coding RNAs involved in gene regulation, seem to play important roles in oral cancer development, progression, and tumor microenvironment modulation. As properties of microRNAs render them stable in diverse liquid biopsies, together with their differential expression signature in cancer cells, these features place microRNAs at the top of promising biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic values. In this review, we highlight eight expression levels and functions of the most relevant microRNAs involved in oral cancer development, progression, and microenvironment sustainability. Furthermore, we emphasize the potential of using these small RNA species as non-invasive biomarkers for the early detection of oral cancerous lesions. Conclusively, we highlight the perspectives and limitations of microRNAs as novel diagnostic tools, as well as therapeutic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Osan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.O.); (S.C.); (A.M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.O.); (S.C.); (A.M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Andreea Mihaela Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.O.); (S.C.); (A.M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.O.); (S.C.); (A.M.N.); (C.B.)
| | - Mihaela Baciut
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400033 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Schuyler S. Korban
- Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.O.); (S.C.); (A.M.N.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu R, Kong W, Zheng S, Yu C, Yu Y, Xu Y, Ye L, Shao Y. Prognostic significance of microRNA miR-24 in cancers: a meta-analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:450-460. [PMID: 33550881 PMCID: PMC8291878 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1875662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of miR-24 in tumors has not been determined. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to systematically assess the correlation between miR-24 and its prognostic value in cancers PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were used to search relevant articles (up to 1 October 2020). Studies that evaluated the prognostic value of miR-24 in tumors were included. The hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate survival outcomes and clinical characteristics. All data analyses were implemented using STATA 12.0 software. A total of 17 studies from 15 articles involving 1705 patients were collected for the meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that elevated miR-24 expression was obviously associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.20-2.31). Furthermore, we also found that elevated miR-24 expression was positively correlated with tumor size (large or small) and tumor stage (III-IV vs I-II). Elevated miR-24 expression indicates poor prognosis and may be a promising prognostic marker in different cancers. Our findings needed to be verified through further investigations. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihao Kong
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yajie Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuling Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linsen Ye
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University , Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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An Immunohistochemical Study of the PTEN/AKT Pathway Involvement in Canine and Feline Mammary Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020365. [PMID: 33535663 PMCID: PMC7912927 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The PTEN/AKT pathway is involved in several human and animal tumors’ pathogenesis. This study investigates the PTEN/AKT pathway’s biological and prognostic values in canine and feline mammary tumors. PTEN, phospho-AKT (p-AKT) and Rictor expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in canine mammary adenomas and carcinomas and feline mammary carcinomas. In mammary tumors of both species p-Akt was inversely correlated with PTEN expression and positively with Rictor expression; p-Akt and Rictor expression correlated with poorer prognosis. This data could provide a rationale for further studies of this pathway in veterinary oncology due to prognostic and therapeutic implications. Abstract Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome10 (PTEN), phospho-v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT), and the Rapamycin-Insensitive Companion of mTOR (Rictor) expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry in 10 canine mammary adenomas (CMAs), 40 canine mammary carcinomas (CMCs), and 30 feline mammary carcinomas (FMCs). All the CMAs, 25 of 40 CMCs (63%) and 7 of 30 FMCs (23%), were PTEN-positive. In dogs, no CMAs and 15 of 25 CMCs (37%) expressed phospho-AKT (p-AKT), while 24 of 30 FMCs (82%) were p-AKT-positive. One of 10 CMAs (10%), 24 of 40 CMCs (60%) and 20 of 30 FMCs (67%) were Rictor-positive. In the dog, PTEN expression correlated with less aggressive tumors, absence of lymphatic invasion, and longer survival. P-AKT expression correlated with more aggressive subtype, lymphatic invasion, and poorer survival and Rictor expression with lymphatic invasion. In cats, PTEN correlated with less aggressive carcinomas, absence of lymphatic invasion, and better survival. P-AKT and Rictor expression correlated with poorer survival. PTEN expression was inversely correlated with p-AKT and Rictor in both species, while p-AKT positively correlated with Rictor expression. A strong PTEN/AKT pathway involvement in behavior worsening of CMT and FMTs is demonstrated, providing a rationale for further studies of this pathway in veterinary oncology.
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Starzyńska A, Sejda A, Adamska P, Marvaso G, Sakowicz-Burkiewicz M, Adamski Ł, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Prognostic value of the PIK3CA, AKT, and PTEN mutations in oral squamous cell carcinoma: literature review. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:207-217. [PMID: 33488873 PMCID: PMC7811327 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 260,000 (2013) new oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases are reported annually worldwide. Despite development in OSCC management, the outcome is still unsatisfactory. Identification of new molecular markers may be of use in prevention, prognosis, and choice of an appropriate therapy. The intracellular molecular signalling pathway of phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase is involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, migration, and survival. The main components of this pathway: PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate-3-kinase catalytic subunit α), PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and AKT (serine-threonine kinase) are potential objects of research when introducing new therapeutic agents. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the PIK3CA, PTEN, and AKT gene mutations as prognostic factors in OSCC and to describe their role in aggressive disease progression. This is crucial for oral cancer biology understanding and for indicating which direction new clinical treatments should take.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starzyńska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sejda
- Department of Pathomorphology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paulina Adamska
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Łukasz Adamski
- Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Barbara A. Jereczek-Fossa
- Department of Radiotherapy, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Autophagy-A Hidden but Important Actor on Oral Cancer Scene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239325. [PMID: 33297472 PMCID: PMC7729760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The duration of denture use, oral hygiene, smoking and male sex were identified as risk factors for oral mucosal lesions. As it is well known, all the oral mucosal lesions associated with risk factors have an important degree of malignity. Chronic mechanical irritation can be another cause of oral cancer and it is produced by the constant action of a deleterious agent from the oral cavity. Autophagy represents a complex evolutionary conserved catabolic process in which cells self-digest intracellular organelles in order to regulate their normal turnover and remove the damaged ones with compromised function to further maintain homeostasis. Autophagy is modulated by mTOR kinase and indirectly by PI3K/AKT survival pathway. Due to its dual capacity to either induce cell death or promote cell survival, important evidence pointed that autophagy has a two-faced role in response to chemotherapy in cancer. In conclusion, understanding how to overcome cytoprotective autophagy and how to take advantage of autophagic cell death is critical in order to enhance the cancer cells sensitivity to particular therapeutic agents.
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Carron J, Torricelli C, Silva JK, Queiroz GSR, Ortega MM, Lima CSP, Lourenço GJ. microRNAs deregulation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2020; 43:645-667. [PMID: 33159410 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck (HN) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the eighth most common human cancer worldwide. Besides tobacco and alcohol consumption, genetic and epigenetic alterations play an important role in HNSCC occurrence and progression. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate cell cycle, proliferation, development, differentiation, and apoptosis by interfering in gene expression. Expression profiling of miRNAs showed that some miRNAs are upregulated or downregulated in tumor cells when compared with the normal cells. The present review focuses on the role of miRNAs deregulations in HNSCC, enrolled in risk, development, outcome, and therapy sensitivity. Moreover, the influence of single nucleotide variants in miRNAs target sites, miRNAs seed sites, and miRNAs-processing genes in HNSCC was also revised. Due to its potential for cancer diagnosis, progression, and as a therapeutic target, miRNAs may bring new perspectives in HNSCC understanding and therapy, especially for those patients with no or insufficient treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Carron
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Caroline Torricelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Janet K Silva
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S R Queiroz
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Manoela M Ortega
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Carmen S P Lima
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J Lourenço
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Gholipour M, Taheri M, Shirvani Farsani Z. MicroRNA profile in the squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic and diagnostic roles. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05436. [PMID: 33204886 PMCID: PMC7653070 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are human malignancies associated with both genetic and environmental factors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as a group of small non-coding RNAs have prominent roles in the development of this kind of cancer. Expressions of several miRNAs have been demonstrated to be increased in HNSCC samples vs. non-malignant tissues. In silico prediction tools and functional analyses have confirmed the function of some miRNAs in the modulation of cancer-associated targets, thus indicating these miRNAs as onco-miRs. Moreover, numerous miRNAs have been down-regulated in HNSCC samples. Their targets mostly enhance cell proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. miRNAs signature has practical implications in the diagnosis, staging, and management of HNSC. Most notably, numerous miRNAs have been shown to alter response of tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin and doxorubicin. Circulating levels of these small transcripts have been suggested as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of HNSCC. In the present manuscript, we sum up the available literature regarding the miRNAs signature in HNSCC and their role as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the predominant types of esophageal cancer with poor prognosis which shows high prevalence in eastern countries. Studying microRNAs that were considered for their capabilities such as tissue-specific expression and involvement in different cell features may be informative in the field of diagnostic and prognostic tumor markers. The expression levels of miR-27a and miR-24-2 have been reported to be dysregulated in various cancers and contribute in tumorigenesis and progression; thus, evaluating their expressional behavior and its association with tumor states alteration in ESCC could potentially be helpful. METHODS The study was conducted on 30 fresh specimens including tumor and normal counterparts' tissues of ESCC. After the extraction of total RNA, complementary DNA synthesis was performed by the use of linear specific primers. Eventually, real-time polymerase chain reaction was carried out for the measurement of microRNAs expression level. RESULTS According to the obtained data, miR 27a and miR-24-2 were significantly upregulated (~2.5 fold, p < 0.05) in tumor specimens compared with their normal adjacent tissue; Moreover, upregulation of miR-27a and 24-2 showed cooperative relationship while analyzed. However, there was no correlation between clinicopathological features and microRNAs upregulation. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that miR-27a and miR-24-2 cooperatively upregulate in ESCC and suggest that these microRNAs can be introduced as a candidate for further study in the field of screening and prognostic biomarkers.
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Karimi A, Bahrami N, Sayedyahossein A, Derakhshan S. Evaluation of circulating serum 3 types of microRNA as biomarkers of oral squamous cell carcinoma; A pilot study. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 49:43-48. [PMID: 31483888 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The microRNAs are molecules which have important biologic role and play key point in cancers. The aim of present study was to determine the miR-21, miR-24, and miR-29a expression in serum of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 40 patients (20 in cases and 20 in control group) to determine the miR-21, miR-24, and miR-29a expressions by using real-time PCR and ΔCT. RESULTS Mean miR-29a was -2.28 ± 2.15 and 5.61 ± 2.38 in case and control groups, respectively. The miR-21 was 6.90 ± 3.86 and -0.88 ± 2.31 in case and control groups, respectively. According to the results, miR-24 was 2.13 ± 2.89 and -0.35 ± 2.44 in case and control, respectively. A significant difference was observed on miR-21, miR-24, and miR-29a between two groups (P < .05). The results obtained by t test showed miR-21 and miR-24 were higher and miR-29a was lower in plasma of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and this differences were significant (P < .05). CONCLUSION These results suggested miR-21, miR-24, and miR-29a in serum of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma comparing with normal group can be used as potent markers for carcinoma detection and also may be a potentially therapeutic approach in the future. More longitudinal studies with larger samples are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Karimi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Bahrami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samira Derakhshan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jiao D, Liu Y, Tian Z. microRNA-493 inhibits tongue squamous cell carcinoma oncogenicity via directly targeting HMGA2. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:6947-6959. [PMID: 31695410 PMCID: PMC6717877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s210567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds microRNA-493-3p (miR-493) has been reported to be critically downregulated in multiple types of human cancer. However, the expression level, biological roles and underlying mechanism of miR‑493 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remain to be elucidated. Methods RT-qPCR was utilized for the determination of miR-493 expression in TSCC tissues and cell lines. The influence of miR-493 overexpression on TSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were explored via MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis, cell migration and invasion assays, and xenograft tumors in nude mice, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were performed to clarify the potential mechanisms involved in the action of miR-493 in TSCC cells. Results miR-493 was significantly downregulated in TSCC tissues and cell lines. Decreased miR-493 expression was notably correlated with tumor differentiation, depth of invasion and TNM stage. Additionally, patients with TSCC having low miR-493 expression showed lower overall survival rate. Functionally, miR-493 upregulation inhibited TSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro; induced cell apoptosis; and decreased the tumor growth in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis followed by luciferase reporter assays also demonstrated that miR-493 directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) in TSCC cells, and therefore reduced HMGA2 expression at the mRNA and protein level. Furthermore, HMGA2 was overexpressed in TSCC tissues and inversely correlated with miR-493. Moreover, silenced HMGA2 expression simulated the tumor-suppressing roles of miR-493 overexpression on TSCC cells. HMGA2 overexpression eliminated the inhibitory roles of miR-493 overexpression on TSCC cells. Conclusion These observations demonstrated that miR-493 is a tumor suppressor inhibited the oncogenicity of TSCC cells by directly targeting HMGA2. These results provide sufficient evidence for the miR-493/HMGA2 axis as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with TSCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Jiao
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China
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Fang C, Li Y. Prospective applications of microRNAs in oral cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:3974-3984. [PMID: 31579085 PMCID: PMC6757290 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that are generally encoded by endogenous genes and exert suppressive effects on post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes by translation repression or degradation of mRNA. This subsequently mediates activation or blocking of downstream signaling pathways associated with oral malignancies. Aberrant levels of certain miRNAs have been identified in cell experiments, clinical carcinomatous specimens, saliva, serum or plasma samples of patients with oral malignancies. miRNAs are associated with multiple aspects of oral cancer, including tumor growth, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, metastasis, glycometabolism, radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. miRNAs have the potential to be used in clinical applications as minimally invasive or non-invasive tools for early diagnosis and prognosis by the detection of serum, plasma and saliva levels, and may provide a new ancillary or additional reference index of traditional pathological grading and clinical staging. Furthermore, miRNAs may be used as prognostic biomarkers or targets for novel therapies for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Ibrahim MY, Nunez MI, Harun N, Lee JJ, El-Naggar AK, Ferrarotto R, Wistuba I, Myers J, Glisson BS, William WN. PI3-kinase pathway biomarkers in oral cancer and tumor immune cells. Head Neck 2019; 41:615-622. [PMID: 30556200 PMCID: PMC6382518 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the hypothesis that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) pathway dysregulation in either head and neck cancer cells and/or tumor infiltrating immune cells would influence outcomes of patients with surgically treated oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). METHODS We constructed tissue microarrays containing 123 oral tongue SCC samples and performed immunohistochemistry using antibodies against 7 PI3-kinase pathway markers: phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), Akt, p-Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), survivin, and Ki-67). Expression levels in cancer cells or tumor infiltrating immune cells were correlated with outcomes. RESULTS Higher levels of PTEN expression in immune cells were significantly associated with improved recurrence-free survival (heart rate (HR) = 0.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23-0.90, P = .03), and overall survival (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.76, P = .01) on univariate and multicovariate models. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel, negative prognostic role of PI3-kinase activation (as determined by PTEN loss) in oral SCC infiltrating immune cells. These findings could be relevant for clinical development of PI-3 kinase inhibitors for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y Ibrahim
- Seton Hall University College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine at St. Francis Medical Center
| | - Maria I Nunez
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology
| | - Nusrat Harun
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics
| | - J Jack Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Adel K El-Naggar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Pathology
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
| | - Jeffrey Myers
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Head and Neck Surgery, Houston, TX
| | - Bonnie S Glisson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology
| | - William N William
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology
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14
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Yu P, Wang W, Zhuang Z, Xie N, Xu J, Wang C, Hou J, Han X, Liu X. A novel prognostic model for tongue squamous cell carcinoma based on the characteristics of tumour and its microenvironment: iBD score. Histopathology 2019; 74:766-779. [PMID: 30444275 DOI: 10.1111/his.13790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Tumour budding and invasive depth can predict survival of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), while the prognostic value of tumour microenvironment (TME) remains unknown. Here, both characteristics of the tumour and its microenvironment were examined and a novel prognostic model has been proposed. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 246 patients with TSCC were included. Using H&E-stained sections, pathological parameters of tumour and the TME were assessed. Inflammatory response (i), tumour budding (B) and invasive depth (D) were combined as iBD score. The association between these variables and the patient survival was determined. Both tumour budding and inflammatory status were independent variables for predicting overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of TSCC patients. Invasive depth was correlated with differentiation, T classification, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and recurrence (P < 0.05). The novel iBD model was strongly correlated with T classification, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and recurrence, and showed clear distinction of scores 0, 1 and 2. High iBD score had a strong association with reduced OS and DFS (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The iBD scoring model is strongly associated with lymph node metastasis and recurrence in TSCC and could be a promising survival predictor for TSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehang Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingsong Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhao F. MicroRNA‑758 inhibits tumorous behavior in tongue squamous cell carcinoma by directly targeting metadherin. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1883-1890. [PMID: 30628702 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC), and their dysregulation has been demonstrated to have a strong correlation with TSCC progression via regulation of their targets. Therefore, miRNAs have potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with TSCC. In the present study, miRNA‑758 (miR‑758) expression in TSCC tissues and cell lines was detected through reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the effects of miR‑758 on TSCC cell proliferation and invasion were investigated by using Cell Counting kit‑8 and Transwell invasion assays. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the target interaction between miR‑758 and metadherin (MTDH) in TSCC cells. The results revealed that miR‑758 was downregulated in TSCC tissues and cell lines. miR‑758 overexpression restricted the proliferation and invasion of TSCC cells. Additionally, MTDH was verified as a direct target gene of miR‑758 in TSCC cells. Furthermore, MTDH was observed to be upregulated in TSCC tissues, and the upregulation of MTDH was inversely correlated with miR‑758 expression. Moreover, restored MTDH expression significantly counteracted the suppressive effects of miR‑758 overexpression on TSCC cells. These results suggested that miR‑758 may prevent TSCC progression and development by directly targeting MTDH, thereby providing evidence that miR‑758 is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China
| | - Fuquan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Intervention, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for The Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000, P.R. China
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Hallmarks of Cancer-Related Newly Prognostic Factors of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082413. [PMID: 30115834 PMCID: PMC6121568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is the sixth leading malignancy worldwide. OSCC is an aggressive tumor and its prognosis has exhibited little improvement in the last three decades. Comprehensive elucidation of OSCC's molecular mechanism is imperative for early detection and treatment, improving patient survival. Based on broadly accepted notions, OSCC arises from multiple genetic alterations caused by chronic exposure to carcinogens. In 2011, research revealed 10 key alterations fundamental to cancer cell development: sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, avoiding immune destruction, activating invasion and metastasis, tumor-promoting inflammation, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, and deregulating energetics. This review describes molecular pathological findings on conventional and novel hallmarks of OSCC prognostic factors. In addition, the review summarizes the functions and roles of several molecules as novel OSCC prognosticators.
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