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Ma CY, Beck NA, Hockaday MZ, Niedziela CJ, Ritchie CA, Harris JA, Roudnitsky E, Guntaka PKR, Yeh SY, Middleton J, Norrlinger JY, Alvarez GA, Danquah SA, Yang S, Deoglas DK, Afshar S. The global distribution of oral and maxillofacial surgeons: a mixed-methods study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:619-625. [PMID: 37840001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite its role in treating the most dominant non-communicable diseases worldwide, the global workforce of oral and maxillofacial (OM) surgeons is not well-characterized. To address the current deficit in understanding of the global OM surgeon workforce and to elevate oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) in the global health discourse, we join other surgical specialties in evaluating global surgical capacity with a descriptive analysis of the distribution of OM surgeons worldwide. A mixed-methods study was implemented using a combination of literature review, in-country contacts, internet searches, and survey data. The survey was distributed globally from January to June 2022. Data regarding OM surgeon workforce estimates were obtained for 104 of 195 United Nations-recognized countries (53.3%). Among countries with available estimates, the median global workforce density was 0.518 OM surgeons per 100,000 population. Twenty-eight countries (26.9%) were reported to have two or fewer OM surgeons. The median OM surgeon workforce density for low-income countries was 0.015 surgeons per 100,000 population, compared to 1.087 surgeons per 100,000 population in high-income countries. low and middle-income countries countries have the least workforce density as well as the least data coverage. More work is needed to better understand the capacity of the global OM surgeon workforce and access to OMS care.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Ma
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N A Beck
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Z Hockaday
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C J Niedziela
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C A Ritchie
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J A Harris
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jackson Memorial Hospital/University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - E Roudnitsky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rutgers University School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - P K R Guntaka
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, USA
| | - S Y Yeh
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Middleton
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Y Norrlinger
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G A Alvarez
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S A Danquah
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Yang
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D K Deoglas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S Afshar
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Program in Global Surgery and Social Change (PGSSC), Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Skrzypczak T, Skrzypczak A, Skrzypczak M. Implications of Public Interest in Colonoscopy: Analysis of Google Trends Data From 12 European Countries. Cureus 2023; 15:e42395. [PMID: 37621831 PMCID: PMC10446506 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the deadliest diseases in the European Union. Colonoscopy remains the gold standard of CRC screening. Analysis of colonoscopy-related Google Trends (GT; Google LLC, Mountain View, California, United States) data could provide useful information regarding interest in colonoscopy and potential barriers making patients unwilling to attend screening programs. METHODS Data were collected using GT for the main search term "colonoscopy" and the two most related queries. Colonoscopy volumes were extracted from the Eurostat database. Due to limited Eurostat data availability, analysis was performed from January 2004 to December 2015 for each of the 12 included countries. RESULTS Univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated statistically significant correlations between annual search volumes of "colonoscopy" and the annual number of colonoscopies performed in included countries (R2 = 0.923, P<.001). Trend analysis showed that the cumulative search volumes for "colonoscopy" gradually increased through the analyzed period. The spectrum of the most related queries encompassed "preparation for colonoscopy", "endoscopy", "after endoscopy", "colon", "colonoscopy diet", "virtual colonoscopy", "colonoscopy under anesthesia", "waiting times for colonoscopy" and "colonoscopy price". For eight out of nine queries, statistically significant correlations with procedure volumes were revealed. CONCLUSIONS GT could be a useful tool in assessing public interest in colonoscopy. Potential barriers that prevent people from attending CRC screening programs were identified. The study demonstrated that the internet has become an important field for CRC screening promotion. GT utility for colonoscopy and CRC screening providers was highlighted. This was the first analysis of GT data in colonoscopy focused on European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Skrzypczak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, POL
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Livas C, Delli K, Lee SJ, Pandis N. Public interest in Invisalign in developed and developing countries: A Google Trends analysis. J Orthod 2022; 50:188-195. [DOI: 10.1177/14653125221134304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate long-term changes and possible seasonal variations in Google search volumes related to Invisalign in developed and developing countries. Design: Cross-sectional, Google search-based study. Methods: Google Trends (GT) was accessed to retrieve the Relative Search Volume (RSV) of Google queries related to the search term ‘Invisalign’ in 10 countries selected on the basis of population size, Internet usage and socioeconomic criteria between 1 January 2004 and 30 June 2021. The countries examined were the following: Australia, Brazil, Italy, Mexico, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Thailand, UK and USA. By applying the time series decomposition method, the trend component and the seasonal variation were identified. Results: Overall, RSVs regarding Invisalign have increased significantly in all countries with the developed countries outperforming developing countries throughout most of the observation period. There was no meaningful pattern when the trends were compared either on a monthly or quarterly basis. Similar peaks and valleys were found in Australia - Brazil, UK - USA, Italy - Spain and Saudi Arabia - Philippines - Thailand. Conclusions: Public interest in online information for Invisalign has grown significantly over the years across countries of diverse socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds while seasonal patterns were observed in the related Google searches. Seasonal fluctuations seemed to follow the academic calendar. The study results may have direct implications on practice management and professional development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Livas
- Division of Orthodontics, Dental Clinics Zwolle, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantina Delli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Shin-Jae Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikolaos Pandis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gupta R, Mohanty V, Balappanavar AY, Chahar P, Rijhwani K, Bhatia S. Infodemiology for oral health and disease: A scoping review. Health Info Libr J 2022; 39:207-224. [PMID: 36046959 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing affordability, accessibility and penetration of internet services worldwide, have substantially changed the ways of gathering health-related information. This has led to the origin of concept infodemiology that allows the information to be collected and analysed in near real time. Globally, oral diseases affect nearly 3.5 billion people; thus, volume and profile of oral health searches would help in understanding specific community dental needs and formulation of pertinent oral health strategies. AIM To review the published literature on infodemiological aspects of oral health and disease. METHODOLOGY This scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Electronic search engines (Google Scholar) and databases (PubMed, Web of science, Scopus) were searched from 2002 onwards. RESULTS Thirty-eight articles were included in this review. The infodemiological studies for oral health and disease were mainly used in two domains. Out of 38 articles, 24 accessed the quality of available online information and 15 studied online oral health-related information seeking behaviour. CONCLUSION The most commonly searched oral diseases were toothache, oral cancer, dental caries, periodontal disease, oral maxillofacial surgical procedures and paediatric oral diseases. Most of the studies belonged to developed countries and Google was the most researched search engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gupta
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikrant Mohanty
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aswini Y Balappanavar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Puneet Chahar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Rijhwani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Bhatia
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Qu X, Yu C, He Q, Li Z, Houser SH, Zhang W, Li D. Effect of the COVID-19 Mitigation Measure on Dental Care Needs in 17 Countries: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:890469. [PMID: 35712318 PMCID: PMC9194817 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.890469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The effect of COVID-19 mitigation measures on different oral health care needs is unclear. This study aimed to estimate the effect of COVID-19 mitigation measures on different types of oral health care utilization needs and explore the heterogeneity of such effects in different countries by using real-time Internet search data. Methods Data were obtained from Google Trends and other public databases. The monthly relative search volume (RSV) of the search topics "toothache," "gingivitis," "dentures," "orthodontics," and "mouth ulcer" from January 2004 to June 2021 was collected for analysis. The RSV value of each topics before and after COVID-19 was the primary outcome, which was estimated by regression discontinuity analysis (RD). The effect bandwidth time after the COVID-19 outbreak was estimated by the data-driven optimal mean square error bandwidth method. Effect heterogeneity of COVID-19 on dental care was also evaluated in different dental care categories and in countries with different human development index (HDI) rankings, dentist densities, and population age structures. Results A total of 17,850 monthly RSV from 17 countries were used for analysis. The RD results indicated that advanced dental care was significantly decreased (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47-0.85) after the COVID-19 outbreak, while emergency dental care toothache was significantly increased (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.99-2.37) 4 months after the COVID-19 outbreak. Compared to the countries with low HDI and low dentist density, the effect was much more evident in countries with high HDI and high dentist density. Conclusions COVID-19 mitigation measures have different effects on people with various dental care needs worldwide. Dental care services should be defined into essential care and advanced care according to specific socioeconomic status in different countries. Targeted health strategies should be conducted to satisfy different dental care needs in countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Qu
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenxi Yu
- College of Economics and Management, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyue He
- Southwest Medical University, Chengdu, China.,Center of Health Care Management, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziran Li
- School of Public Finance and Taxation, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Shannon H Houser
- Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Li
- Institute of Development Studies, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
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Bellaire CP, Rutland JW, Sayegh F, Pesce RR, Tijerina JD, Taub PJ. Going Viral: A Systematic Review of Google Trends in Plastic Surgery and a Recommended Framework for Its Use. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP2034-NP2043. [PMID: 33589930 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the leading global search engine with billions of daily queries, Google and its open-source Google Trends (Google, Mountain View, CA) represent an emerging and powerful tool for epidemiological and medical research. Within the field of plastic surgery, Google Trends has yielded insights into online interest for facial feminization surgery, gender-affirmation surgery, cosmetic body procedures, and breast reconstruction, among other common procedures. The existing literature of Google Trends in plastic surgery was systematically reviewed following established Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Google Trends' 4 input variables-keyword, region, period, and category-were assessed. Seventeen plastic surgery studies employing Google Trends were reviewed. There was strong inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa = 0.68). Analyzing keyword syntax, only 3 of 17 studies (17.6%) used the "+" function to combine terms, which can significantly improve sensitivity. For the region variable, 12 of 16 studies (75%) conducted worldwide searches; yet, none of the studies used any non-English keywords, introducing significant bias. For the period, 88.2% of studies utilized a timespan of greater than 5 years, resulting in monthly intervals between data points in Google Trends. For the "category" variable, none of the studies appear to have employed the "surgery," "cosmetic surgery" or "health" categories to improve specificity. Google Trends is presented as an emerging methodology in plastic surgery research. The strengths and limitations of Google Trends as a resource for plastic surgeons and medical professionals are discussed, and a recommended step-by-step guide for conducting and interpreting Google Trends research is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Rutland
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farah Sayegh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Peter J Taub
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Cyclical Consumer Search Trends Regarding Cosmetic Plastic Surgery of the Face: A Google Trends Analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 148:857e-858e. [PMID: 34610003 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000008466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Brkic FF, Besser G, Schally M, Schmid EM, Parzefall T, Riss D, Liu DT. Biannual Differences in Interest Peaks for Web Inquiries Into Ear Pain and Ear Drops: Infodemiology Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28328. [PMID: 34185016 PMCID: PMC8277359 DOI: 10.2196/28328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The data retrieved with the online search engine, Google Trends, can summarize internet inquiries into specified search terms. This engine may be used for analyzing inquiry peaks for different medical conditions and symptoms. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze World Wide Web interest peaks for “ear pain,” “ear infection,” and “ear drops.” Methods We used Google Trends to assess the public online interest for search terms “ear pain,” “ear infection,” and “ear drops” in 5 English and non–English-speaking countries from both hemispheres based on time series data. We performed our analysis for the time frame between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2019. First, we assessed whether our search terms were most relevant to the topics of ear pain, ear infection, and ear drops. We then tested the reliability of Google Trends time series data using the intraclass correlation coefficient. In a second step, we computed univariate time series plots to depict peaks in web-based interest. In the last step, we used the cosinor analysis to test the statistical significance of seasonal interest peaks. Results In the first part of the study, it was revealed that “ear infection,” “ear pain,” and “ear drops” were the most relevant search terms in the noted time frame. Next, the intraclass correlation analysis showed a moderate to excellent reliability for all 5 countries’ 3 primary search terms. The subsequent analysis revealed winter interest peaks for “ear infection” and “ear pain”. On the other hand, the World Wide Web search for “ear drops” peaked annually during the summer months. All peaks were statistically significant as revealed by the cosinor model (all P values <.001). Conclusions It can be concluded that individuals affected by otitis media or externa, possibly the majority, look for medical information online. Therefore, there is a need for accurate and easily accessible information on these conditions in the World Wide Web, particularly on differentiating signs and therapy options. Meeting this need may facilitate timely diagnosis, proper therapy, and eventual circumvention of potentially life-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris F Brkic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerold Besser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schally
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth M Schmid
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Parzefall
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Riss
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David T Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Skrzypczak T, Jany A, Michałowicz J, Hossa M, Bogusławska J, Targonska M. Public Interest in Cataract Surgery: Analysis and Implications of Google Trends Data from 14 European Countries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2021; 29:108-115. [PMID: 33789529 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2021.1904513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Cataract surgery is the most common surgery performed in the European Union (EU) annually. Analysis of Google Trends (GT) data could give European eye care providers useful information regarding interest in cataract surgery and potential barriers making patients unwilling to undergo surgery.Methods: Data were collected using GT for cataract surgery and the two most related queries, for each of 14 included countries from January 2004 to December 2018. Case volumes were extracted from the Eurostat report for the calendar years 2004-2018.Results: The most related queries analysis demonstrated surgery outcomes, founding issues and understanding of the disease as potential factors for patients considering cataract surgery. Trend analysis showed that the total search volumes for "cataract surgery" gradually increased over the study period. Also, for "cataract", "after cataract surgery", "cataract surgery NHF" rising trends were revealed. Trends found for "cataract surgery price" and "cataract surgery complications" were inconclusive. Univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated statistically significant correlations between average annual search volumes of "cataract surgery" and the annual volume of cataract surgeries performed in included countries, according to Eurostat data (R2 = 0.889, p = <.001). In addition, univariate linear regression analyses revealed similar, statistically significant correlation for each the most related queries.Conclusions: To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first and the only analysis of GT data in the ophthalmology literature to date. This study highlights this potentially powerful data set for European eye care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandra Jany
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Hossa
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research and Development Centre, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Targonska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Research and Development Centre, Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
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