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Khijmatgar S, Yong J, Rübsamen N, Lorusso F, Rai P, Cenzato N, Gaffuri F, Del Fabbro M, Tartaglia GM. Salivary biomarkers for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and head/neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC): A systematic review and network meta-analysis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:32-39. [PMID: 38204964 PMCID: PMC10776379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer became a very common condition. WHO estimates that there are 4 cases of lip and oral cavity cancer for every 100,000 people worldwide. The early diagnosis of cancers is currently a top focus in the health sector. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have identified promising biomarkers for early detection in several original research investigations. However, it is still unclear the quality of these evidence and which biomarker performs the best in terms of early detection. Therefore, the objective was, to map the methodological and reporting quality of available oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or head/neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Secondly, to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of salivary biomarkers for common craniofacial cancers and to compare the diagnostic value of different salivary biomarkers. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library electronic databases were used to map the methodological and reporting quality of the systematic reviews and meta-analysis conducted on the HNSCC, OSCC using the AMSTAR-2 checklist. The inclusion criteria were systematic reviews and meta-analysis published in the topic of HNSCC and OSCC biomarkers. Exclusion criteria were no animal studies; original primary studies, due to limitation of competency in other languages articles with language other than English were excluded. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for salivary biomarkers and ranked according to network meta-analysis principles. A total of N = 5893 patients were included from four meta-analysis studies. All together, these included n = 37 primary studies. n = 94 biomarkers were pooled from these four meta-analyses and categorised into the stages at which they were detected (I-IV). In OSCC, Chemerin and MMP-9 displayed the highest sensitivity, registering 0.94 (95% CI 0.78, 1.00) and a balanced accuracy of 0.93. Phytosphingosine closely followed, with a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.68, 0.99) and a balanced accuracy of 0.87. For HNSCC, the top three biomarkers are Actin, IL-1β Singleplex, and IL-8 ELISA. Actin leads with a sensitivity of 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-0.99), a specificity of 0.67, and an overall accuracy of 0.79. Subsequently, IL-1β Singleplex exhibits a sensitivity of 0.62 (95% CI 0.30-0.88), a specificity of 0.89, and an accuracy of 0.75, followed by IL-8 ELISA with a sensitivity of 0.81 (95% CI 0.54-0.97), a specificity of 0.59, and an accuracy of 0.70. In conclusion, there was highest sensitivity for MMP-9 and chemerin salivary biomarkers. There is need of further more studies to identify biomarkers for HNSCC and OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Khijmatgar
- SC Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale e Odontostomatologia, Fondazione Ca’Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Josh Yong
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, USA
| | - Nicole Rübsamen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio Chieti - Pescara: Chieti, Abruzzi, Italy
| | - Pooja Rai
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolo Cenzato
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Franscesca Gaffuri
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- SC Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale e Odontostomatologia, Fondazione Ca’Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
- SC Chirurgia Maxillo-Facciale e Odontostomatologia, Fondazione Ca’Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
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Bano A, Yadav P, Sharma M, Verma D, Vats R, Chaudhry D, Kumar P, Bhardwaj R. Extraction and characterization of exosomes from the exhaled breath condensate and sputum of lung cancer patients and vulnerable tobacco consumers-potential noninvasive diagnostic biomarker source. J Breath Res 2024; 18:046003. [PMID: 38988301 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad5eae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Noninvasive sample sources of exosomes, such as exhaled breath and sputum, which are in close proximity to the tumor microenvironment and may contain biomarkers indicative of lung cancer, are far more permissive than invasive sample sources for biomarker screening. Standardized exosome extraction and characterization approaches for low-volume noninvasive samples are critically needed. We isolated and characterized exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and sputum exosomes from healthy nonsmokers (n= 30), tobacco smokers (n= 30), and lung cancer patients (n= 40) and correlated the findings with invasive sample sources. EBC samples were collected by using commercially available R-Tubes. To collect sputum samples the participants were directed to take deep breaths, hold their breath, and cough in a collection container. Dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were used to evaluate the exosome morphology. Protein isolation, western blotting, exosome quantification via EXOCET, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed for molecular characterization. Exosomes were successfully isolated from EBC and sputum samples, and their yields were adequate and sufficiently pure for subsequent downstream processing and characterization. The exosomes were confirmed based on their size, shape, and surface marker expression. Remarkably, cancer exosomes were the largest in size not only in the plasma subgroups, but also in the EBC (p < 0.05) and sputum (p= 0.0036) subgroups, according to our findings. A significant difference in exosome concentrations were observed between the control sub-groups (p < 0.05). Our research confirmed that exosomes can be extracted from noninvasive sources, such as EBC and sputum, to investigate lung cancer diagnostic biomarkers for research, clinical, and early detection in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsareen Bano
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Megha Sharma
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Deepika Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ravina Vats
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Dhruva Chaudhry
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Rashmi Bhardwaj
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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Nguyen H, Nonaka T. Salivary miRNAs as auxiliary liquid biopsy biomarkers for diagnosis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1352838. [PMID: 38528913 PMCID: PMC10961377 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1352838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The healthcare system needs a novel approach to improve and diagnose early oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma against its low survival rate. We conduct a systematic review and a comprehensive meta-analysis for the diagnostic role of blood and salivary microRNAs (miRNAs). Methods: An unbiased and thorough literature search in PubMed yielded appropriate data from qualified articles regarding different miRNA biomarkers, method of extraction, research location, and year of publication. Stata was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: We included 9 studies with 399 qualified oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, which yielded a high diagnostic accuracy of blood miRNAs in combination with salivary miRNAs with a sensitivity of 0.70 (p < 0.001), specificity of 0.75 (p = 0.26), diagnostic odds ratio of 7, and an area under the curve of 0.78. Conclusion: Combined blood- and saliva-derived miRNAs demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy in detecting oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024509424.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Nguyen
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Taichiro Nonaka
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Minervini G, Meto A, Fiorillo L, Franco R, Francesco FD, Cicciù M, Cervino G. Salivary microRNAs as innovative biomarkers for early diagnosis of oral diseases: a comparison of conventional cigarette smokers and tobacco heating system 2.2 users. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:247-254. [PMID: 37255307 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are considered valid prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. The different miRNA expression profiles in cancer cells compared to normal cells make them potential biomarkers used for the early diagnosis of oral diseases. Following exposure to cigarette smoking, miRNA altered profile expression is associated with resistance mechanisms against anticancer therapies. Cellular models showed a reduced human gingival epithelium alteration after exposure to THS2.2 and a lower pathogenicity than 3R4F CS. The aim of the study was to compare the expression of saliva miRNA profile of THS2.2 and 3R4F CS users compared to patients not exposed to the risk factor and to identify and study the modulation of miRNAs associated with the development of oral diseases. In particular, we will focus on the analysis of a group of miRNAs know to be involved in the development of smoking-related diseases. METHODS The study will be performed in 18 months and dentists and biochemists will be involved in the different phases. To perform the study, healthy volunteers, including smokers of THS2.2 or 3R4F CS, will be enrolled. RESULTS The samples will be collected from 3 experimental groups, each consisting of 30 subjects: group 1 (no smoking subjects), group 2 (subjects exposed to THS2.2), group 3 (subjects exposed to 3R4F CS). The collection of the saliva sample will be conducted in a standardized way. Following the collection, saliva will be processed. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have suggested that miRNAs are prognostic biomarkers for various smoking-related diseases. Based on the post-transcriptional regulation of some mRNAs connected to different oral pathologies, we expect a specific miRNA-mRNA interaction, which could be a starting point for the development of new possible diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Minervini
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aida Meto
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Aldent, Tirana, Albania
| | - Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Rocco Franco
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Fabrizio di Francesco
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Roi A, Boia S, Rusu LC, Roi CI, Boia ER, Riviș M. Circulating miRNA as a Biomarker in Oral Cancer Liquid Biopsy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030965. [PMID: 36979943 PMCID: PMC10046112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is currently challenging the healthcare system, with a high incidence among the population and a poor survival rate. One of the main focuses related to this malignancy is the urge to implement a viable approach for improving its early diagnosis. By introducing the use of liquid biopsy and the identification of potential biomarkers, aiming for a noninvasive approach, new advancements offer promising perspectives in the diagnosis of oral cancer. The present review discusses the potential of circulating miRNAs as oral cancer biomarkers identified in body fluids such as serum, plasma, and saliva samples of oral cancer patients. Existing results reveal an important implication of different miRNA expressions involved in the initiation, development, progression, and metastasis rate of oral malignancy. Liquid biomarkers can play a crucial role in the development of the concept of personalized medicine, providing a wide range of clinical applications and future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simina Boia
- Department of Periodontology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura-Cristina Rusu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ciprian Ioan Roi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 30041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Eugen Radu Boia
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mircea Riviș
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 30041 Timisoara, Romania
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Kazmi A, Abbas Z, Saleem Z, Haider S, Farooqui WA, Ahmed S. Relation of salivary MMP-8 with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a cross sectional analytical study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060738. [PMID: 36523229 PMCID: PMC9748963 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aim to evaluate salivary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-8) levels in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for the purpose of diagnosis at the early stage via non-invasive method. SETTING The study was multicentre, carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS A total 60 participants of any age, sex and ethnicity were randomly selected for the purpose of this study. Patients demonstrating clinical evidence of OSF and biopsy-proven cases of OSCC were included. Patients with indeterminate histopathological report, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorder, chronic medical and periodontal disease (periodontal depth greater than 5 mm) and individuals with interincisal mouth opening greater than 35 mm were excluded from the study. INTERVENTIONS Salivary MMP-8 levels were observed in OSF, healthy and OSCC groups by using ELISA. One way analysis of variance was applied to establish whether MMP-8 levels of disease-free individuals and patients suffering from OSF and OSCC differed from each other. RESULTS Statistically significant difference in salivary MMP-8 expression in diseased and control group was observed. MMP-8 levels in OSCC (0.64 ng/mL) and OSF (0.66 ng/mL) were underexpressed as compared with healthy participants (7.9 ng/mL). CONCLUSION MMP-8 levels were underexpressed in OSCC and OSF patients as compared with controls, which imply that MMP-8 level has an inverse relation with OSCC and OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Kazmi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zia Abbas
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zohra Saleem
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Safdar Haider
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Bahria University medical and dental college, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
- School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences - Ojha Campus, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zhu L, Li M, Tang G, Shi L, Liu W. Role of salivary miRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas and oral potentially malignant disorders – Reply. Oral Oncol 2022; 135:106224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Koopaie M, Kolahdooz S, Fatahzadeh M, Aleedawi ZA. Salivary noncoding RNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13848. [PMID: 35906804 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most deadly malignancies, primarily because of its diagnostic challenges. We performed a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic value of noncoding salivary RNAs in pancreatic cancer diagnosis. METHODS Our investigation involved pertinent studies published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LIVIVO, Ovid and also the Google Scholar search engine. Specificity and sensitivity were calculated, as were positive and negative likelihood ratios (PLR and NLR), and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). The summary receiver-operating characteristics and area under the curve were plotted and assessed. RESULTS This meta-analysis and systematic review involved and examined five studies that contained 145 study units with a total of 2731 subjects (1465 pancreatic cancer patients versus 1266 noncancer controls). The pooled specificity, sensitivity, NLR, PLR and DOR were 0.783 (95% CI: 0.759-0.805), 0.829 (95% CI: 0.809-0.848), 0.309 (95% CI: 0.279-0.343), 3.386 (95% CI: 2.956-3.879) and 18.403 (95% CI: 14.753-22.954), respectively, with the area under the curve (AUC) equal to 0.882. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the saliva type (unstimulated and stimulated), mean age of patients, sample size, type of control, serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level and type of salivary noncoding RNA (microRNA (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)). CONCLUSIONS The results of our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that noncoding RNA biomarkers in the stimulated saliva could be a promising approach for accurate pancreatic cancer diagnosis in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahnaz Fatahzadeh
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zainab Abdulkareem Aleedawi
- School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Dentist, Private Dental Clinic, Beirut, Lebanon
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Koopaie M, Kolahdooz S, Fatahzadeh M, Manifar S. Salivary biomarkers in breast cancer diagnosis: A systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2644-2661. [PMID: 35315584 PMCID: PMC9249990 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary diagnostics and their utility as a nonaggressive approach for breast cancer diagnosis have been extensively studied in recent years. This meta-analysis assesses the diagnostic value of salivary biomarkers in differentiating between patients with breast cancer and controls. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of studies related to salivary diagnostics published in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar. The articles were chosen utilizing inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as assessing their quality. Specificity and sensitivity, along with negative and positive likelihood ratios (NLR and PLR) and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), were calculated based on random- or fixed-effects model. Area under the curve (AUC) and summary receiver-operating characteristic (SROC) were plotted and evaluated, and Fagan's Nomogram was evaluated for clinical utility. RESULTS Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 14 papers containing 121 study units with 8639 adult subjects (4149 breast cancer patients and 4490 controls without cancer). The pooled specificity and sensitivity were 0.727 (95% CI: 0.713-0.740) and 0.717 (95% CI: 0.703-0.730), respectively. The pooled NLR and PLR were 0.396 (95% CI: 0.364-0.432) and 2.597 (95% CI: 2.389-2.824), respectively. The pooled DOR was 7.837 (95% CI: 6.624-9.277), with the AUC equal to 0.801. The Fagan's nomogram showed post-test probabilities of 28% and 72% for negative and positive outcomes, respectively. We also conducted subgroup analyses to determine specificity, sensitivity, DOR, PLR, and NLR based on the mean age of patients (≤52 or >52 years old), saliva type (stimulated and unstimulated saliva), biomarker measurement method (mass spectrometry [MS] and non-MS measurement methods), sample size (≤55 or >55), biomarker type (proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, and reagent-free biophotonic), and nations. CONCLUSION Saliva, as a noninvasive biomarker, has the potential to accurately differentiate breast cancer patients from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mahnaz Fatahzadeh
- Department of Diagnostic SciencesRutgers School of Dental MedicineNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Soheila Manifar
- Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of IranTehranIran
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Yang X, Zhou T, Ji T, Jia H, Liu W. Comment on circulatory miRNAs as therapeutic molecules for oral potentially malignant disorder and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2022; 130:105901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shabbir A, Waheed H, Ahmed S, Shaikh SS, Farooqui WA. Association of salivary Cathepsin B in different histological grades among patients presenting with oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:63. [PMID: 35260133 PMCID: PMC8905853 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is considered a major public health problem due to its high mortality and morbidity rates. Survival rate of OSCC can be significantly improved by using non-invasive tool such as salivary biomarkers for detection of OSCC which is considered a promising approach. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease, present in abundant quantities in lysosome of cells, tissues and different biological fluids. Increased expression of Cathepsin B was observed in many malignancies including oral cancer. The present study was designed to determine the salivary levels of Cathepsin B in different histological grades of OSCC. METHOD In this study, total no. of 80 research participants were enrolled which were divided into four groups. Each group comprised 20 participants, group 1 comprised 20 patients of OSCC (well differentiated), group 2 comprised 20 patients of OSCC (moderately differentiated), group 3 comprised 20 patients of OSCC (poorly differentiated) and group 4 comprised 20 healthy controls. Saliva sample was collected from all the four study groups and salivary Cathepsin B levels were analyzed by ELISA sandwich technique in duplicate. RESULTS Salivary levels of Cathepsin B were significantly increased with p value (< 0.001) in patients of OSCC as compared to control group according to both histological grades and tumor size. Highest mean Cathepsin B levels in well differentiated OSCC followed by poorly differentiated OSCC and moderately differentiated OSCC were observed. CONCLUSION Results of the present study suggests that Cathepsin B has a great value as a salivary biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of OSCC in different histological grades. This will further lead to increase survival rate and improve the prognosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alveena Shabbir
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Humera Waheed
- Department of Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheen Ahmed
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | | | - Waqas Ahmed Farooqui
- Department of School of Public Health, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Manzano-Moreno FJ, Costela-Ruiz VJ, García-Recio E, Olmedo-Gaya MV, Ruiz C, Reyes-Botella C. Role of Salivary MicroRNA and Cytokines in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12215. [PMID: 34830096 PMCID: PMC8624198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent oral malignant tumor worldwide. An early diagnosis can have a major positive impact on its prognosis. Human saliva contains cytokines, DNA and RNA molecules, circulating cells, and derivatives of tissues and extracellular vesicles, among other factors that can serve as biomarkers. Hence, the analysis of saliva may provide useful information for the early diagnosis of OSCC for its prognosis. The objective of this review was to determine the potential usefulness of salivary biomarkers (cytokines and microRNA) to diagnose OSCC and improve its prognosis. A combination of salivary miRNA and proteomic data could allow a definitive and early diagnosis to be obtained. However, there remains a need to optimize and standardize the protocols used to quantify miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.M.-M.); (C.R.-B.)
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
| | - Victor J. Costela-Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Ceuta, University of Granada, 51001 Ceuta, Spain
| | - Enrique García-Recio
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus de Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain
| | | | - Concepción Ruiz
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Candelaria Reyes-Botella
- Biomedical Group (BIO277), Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.M.-M.); (C.R.-B.)
- Instituto Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (V.J.C.-R.); (E.G.-R.)
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Fujimori K, Yoneda T, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Azuma T, Maruyama T, Sugiura Y, Morita M. Detection of Salivary miRNAs That Predict Chronic Periodontitis Progression: A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158010. [PMID: 34360304 PMCID: PMC8345340 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this two-year cohort study was to investigate salivary microRNAs (miRNAs) that predict periodontitis progression. A total of 120 patients who underwent supportive periodontal therapy were recruited. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected at baseline. Two years later, 44 patients were followed up (median age, 67.1 years) and divided into two groups: progression group (n = 22), with one or more sites with clinical attachment level (CAL) progression (>3 mm compared with baseline) or tooth extraction due to periodontitis progression; and the control group (n = 22), which did not exhibit CAL progression. In the microarray analysis of salivary miRNAs, hsa-miR-5571-5p, hsa-miR-17-3p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-4724-3p, hsa-miR-99a-5p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, hsa-miR-28-5p, hsa-miR-320d, and hsa-miR-31-5p showed fold change values <0.5 or ≥2.0 in the progression group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, areas under the curves of hsa-miR-5571-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-99a-5p, hsa-miR-28-5p, and hsa-miR-320d were >0.7, indicating fair discrimination power. The expressions of salivary hsa-miR-5571-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR-99a-5p, hsa-miR-28-5p, and hsa-miR-320d were associated with periodontitis progression in patients with chronic periodontitis. These salivary miRNAs may be new biomarkers for progression of periodontitis, and monitoring them may contribute to new diagnostics and precision medicine for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Fujimori
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.F.); (T.Y.); (D.E.); (T.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Toshiki Yoneda
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.F.); (T.Y.); (D.E.); (T.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Daisuke Ekuni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.F.); (T.Y.); (D.E.); (T.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, 1851-1 Hozumi, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Takayuki Maruyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.F.); (T.Y.); (D.E.); (T.M.); (Y.S.)
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Dental School, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshio Sugiura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.F.); (T.Y.); (D.E.); (T.M.); (Y.S.)
| | - Manabu Morita
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.F.); (T.Y.); (D.E.); (T.M.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6712; Fax: +81-86-235-6714
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Branchial cleft anomalies: hybrid "Branchial Inclusion" theory. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021; 278:2593-2601. [PMID: 33427915 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Branchial cleft anomalies (BCAs) are developmental malformations of the head and neck region. Their histogenesis has been the subject of controversy and is not fully understood. This study aimed to test all present developmental theories ("branchial apparatus," "precervical sinus," "thymopharyngeal," and "inclusion" theories) on a sample of 48 BCAs from a single institution. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical-epidemiological and anatomical-pathological characteristics of BCAs treated over a 12-year period in our hospital. RESULTS Overall, 46 patients (24 [52.17%] women and 22 men [47.83%]) underwent surgical excision of 48 BCAs. The mean patient age at presentation was 31.65 ± 19.40 years. Branchial cleft cysts were found in 42 (87.50%) cases, and branchial cleft sinuses were found in six (12.50%) cases. Eight (16.67%) BCAs were distributed in the preauricular region, 34 (70.83%) at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), three (6.25%) at the posterior border of the SCM, two (4.17%) in the suprasternal notch, and one (2.08%) in the retrosternal space. Histopathologically, 39 (81.25%) BCAs had a lymphoepithelial structure and nine (18.75%) BCAs had solitary epithelial cells. Inflammation and infection were observed in 24 (50%) and 12 (25%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSION None of the hypothesized developmental theories fully explain the embryonic origin of BCA in our study sample. A possible explanation of BCA histogenesis is through the hybrid "branchial inclusion" theory.
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