Beta-hemolytic group a streptococcal orthopaedic infections: Our institutional experience and review of the literature

How Nanomaterials Act against Bacterial Structures? A Narrative Review by Focusing on Molecular Mechanism of the Nanoparticles

OBJECTIVE

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the field of nanotechnology for the treatment and prevention of biofilm formation and Multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR). MDR bacteria challenges is hazardous when microorganisms induce the formation of biofilms, which amplify resistance to antibiotics and promote the development of multidrug-resistant conditions. The unique physicochemical properties of certain nanomaterials make nanotechnology a promising option for combating MDR infections. Several studies have introduced nanomaterials with different antibacterial mechanisms that can effectively destroy MDR bacteria and their biofilms. This study reviews the research results, focusing on the various nanoparticle mechanisms that target bacterial structures.

METHOD

To accomplish this study, we conducted investigations to gather articles and relevant studies from validated medical databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. The selected publications from 2007 to 2023. In this review, we provide a brief overview of nanoparticles, their mechanisms, and how they function against the structure of bacteria. Furthermore, we discuss the recent advancements in using certain nanoparticles to combat infection-induced biofilms and complications caused by multidrug resistance.

FINDING

Our findings demonstrate that various nanoparticles have the potential to effectively overcome bacterial infectious diseases by targeting biofilms and antibiotic-resistant strains. Additionally, the development of a new drug delivery approach based on nanosystems shows promise in overcoming antibiotic resistance and biofilms.

Scabies infestation might predispose surgical site infection: Case report

INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE

Human scabies is a contagious skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, leading to skin damage and subsequent mechanical irritation from scratching. This impaired skin integrity predisposes individuals to skin infections. While the association between scabies and skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes is well-documented, there is limited literature on the risk of surgical site infections in such cases.

CASE PRESENTATION

This case report aims to explore this risk by presenting a case of surgical site infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes following surgery for a complex elbow injury in a patient with scabies infestation.

DISCUSSION

Scabies infestation leads to direct spread of bacteria and contributes to bacterial infection. Furthermore, complement inhibition and dysbiosis induced by the scabies may facilitate the occurrence of these bacterial infections.

CONCLUSION

Skin infections are frequently encountered in scabies infestations. Preferred incision should be evaluated meticulously before surgery. Further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion on this subject.