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Mak ECL, Chen Z, Lee LCC, Leung PKK, Yip AMH, Shum J, Yiu SM, Yam VWW, Lo KKW. Exploiting the Potential of Iridium(III) bis-Nitrone Complexes as Phosphorogenic Bifunctional Reagents for Phototheranostics. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25589-25599. [PMID: 39248725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Cross-linking strategies have found wide applications in chemical biology, enabling the labeling of biomolecules and monitoring of protein-protein interactions. Nitrone exhibits remarkable versatility and applicability in bioorthogonal labeling due to its high reactivity with strained alkynes via the strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (SPANC) reaction. In this work, four cyclometalated iridium(III) polypyridine complexes functionalized with two nitrone units were designed as novel phosphorogenic bioorthogonal reagents for bioimaging and phototherapeutics. The complexes showed efficient emission quenching, which is attributed to an efficient nonradiative decay pathway via the low-lying T1/S0 minimum energy crossing point (MECP), as revealed by computational studies. However, the complexes displayed significant emission enhancement and lifetime extension upon reaction with (1R,8S,9s)-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN) derivatives. In particular, they showed a remarkably higher reaction rate toward a bis-cyclooctyne derivative (bis-BCN) compared with its monomeric counterpart (mono-BCN). Live-cell imaging and (photo)cytotoxicity studies revealed higher photocytotoxicity in bis-BCN-pretreated cells, which is ascribed to the enhanced singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitization resulting from the elimination of the nitrone-associated quenching pathway. Importantly, the cross-linking properties and enhanced reactivity of the complexes make them highly promising candidates for the development of hydrogels and stapled/cyclized peptides, offering intriguing photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. Notably, a nanosized hydrogel (2-gel) demonstrated potential as a drug delivery system, while a stapled peptide (2-bis-pDIKK) exhibited p53-Mdm2 inhibitory activity related to apoptosis and a cyclized peptide (2-bis-RGD) showed cancer selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Chiu-Lam Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ziyong Chen
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17 W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Peter Kam-Keung Leung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Alex Man-Hei Yip
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17 W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Justin Shum
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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Hashemzadeh T, Christofferson AJ, White KF, Barnard PJ. Experimental and theoretical studies of pH-responsive iridium(III) complexes of azole and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8478-8493. [PMID: 38687288 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03766e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of nine luminescent iridium(III) complexes with pH-responsive imidazole and benzimidazole ligands have been prepared and characterized. The first series of complexes were of the form [Ir(ppy)2(N^N)]+ or [Ir(ppy)2(C^N)]+ (where ppy is 2-phenylpyridine and N^N is 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole or 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole and C^N represents a pyridyl-triazolylidene-based N-heterocyclic carbene ligand). For these complexes, the benzimidazole group was either unsubstituted or substituted with electron-withdrawing (Cl) or electron-donating (Me) groups. The second series of complexes were of the form [Ir(phbim)2(N^N)]+ or [Ir(phbim)2(C^N)]+ (where phbim is 2-phenylbenzimidazole and N^N is either 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline and C^N is either a pyridyl-imidazolylidene or pyridyl-triazolylidene N-heterocyclic carbene ligand). UV-visible and photoluminescence pH titration studies showed that changing the protonation state of these complexes results in significant changes in the photoluminescence emission properties. The pKa values of prepared complexes were estimated from the spectroscopic pH titration data and these values show that the nature of the pH-sensitive ligands (either main or ancillary ligands) resulted in a significant capacity to modulate the pKa values for these compounds with values ranging from 5.19-11.22. Theoretical investigations into the nature of the electronic transitions for the different protonation states of compounds were performed and the results were consistent with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahmineh Hashemzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Christofferson
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Keith F White
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
| | - Peter J Barnard
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, 3086, Australia.
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Seth R, Singh A. Rational design of co-ordination compounds in combination of bipyridine type of ligands and group 7 metal (M = Mn, Re) for photoCORM: a DFT study. J Mol Model 2023; 29:306. [PMID: 37676553 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A large number of manganese and rhenium tricarbonyl complexes are known in literature along with various applications in different fields. CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) got recent research attention because CO can act as a prodrug for different diseases. CORMs offer the promising prospect of a safe and controllable amount of CO release. In this research work, we have explored the electronic properties of compounds such as bipyridine-related [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] and we have compared the electronic properties of both manganese and rhenium tricarbonyl complexes in the light of carbon monoxide releasing tendency. The chosen Mn and Re metals have enough possibility to vary or play with ligands and design a new and novel CORM molecule. In this context, we have taken a range of 4,4'-disubstituted 2,2' bipyridyl ligands (Rbpy, where R = NH2, tBu, OCH3, H, CF3, CN, NO2) to investigate CO's liberation ability to identify and study such molecules. The calculated absorbance of designed complexes (1-14) shows visible/near-IR region (350-850 nm). The HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 7 (ΔE=2.40 eV) complex and for complex 14 (ΔE=2.28 eV) which is lesser in all complexes but the MLCT percentage is greater in Mn tricarbonyl complexes in comparison to Re tricarbonyl complexes. The calculated results of the FMO approach revealed that complex 7 and 14 have the lowest energy gap which is also in good agreement with DOSs and TDM results. The theoretically calculated results revealed that the both Mn and Re tricarbonyl complexes have a tendency for labialization of CO, but Mn tricarbonyl complexes are more prone to CO release because they have higher MLCT percentage. METHODS In this research work, we have performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explore the physical properties of compounds such as bipyridine-related [Mn(CO)3] and [Re(CO)3] and we have compared the physical properties of both manganese and rhenium tricarbonyl complexes in the light of carbon monoxide releasing tendency. DFT-based calculations were performed by using B3LYP/LANL2DZ basis set followed by acetonitrile solvent using the conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) for different calculations. Various geometrical calculations were performed using the Gaussian16 suite of programs and the output results obtained from Gaussian16 were visualized using GaussView 5.0.16. The same level of theory was used for various calculations, including frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis, metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT), density of state (DOS) calculations, and transition density of matrix (TDM) calculations. For specific calculations, GaussSum 2.2 software package was used to calculate the density of states, and the Multiwfn 3.8 program was used to analyze the transition density matrix, which is presented using heat maps for both electrons and holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Seth
- Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, V. B. S. Purvanchal University Jaunpur, UP, Jaunpur, 222003, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) Institute of Physical Sciences for Study and Research, V. B. S. Purvanchal University Jaunpur, UP, Jaunpur, 222003, India.
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Martínez-Junquera M, Lalinde E, Moreno MT. cis/ trans-[Pt(C ∧N)(C≡CR)(CNBu t)] Isomers: Synthesis, Photophysical, DFT Studies, and Chemosensory Behavior. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11849-11868. [PMID: 37458185 PMCID: PMC10394665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
cis/trans Isomerism can be a crucial factor for photophysical properties. Here, we report the synthesis and optical properties of a series of trans- and cis-alkynyl/isocyanide cycloplatinated compounds [Pt(C∧N)(C≡CR)(CNBut)] [R = C6H4-4-OMe 1, 3-C4H3S 2; C∧N = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine (dfppy) (a), 4-(2-pyridyl)benzaldehyde (ppy-CHO) (b)]. The trans-forms do not isomerize thermally in MeCN solution to the cis forms, but upon photochemical irradiation in this medium at 298 K, a variable isomerization to the cis forms was observed. This behavior is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated energy values. The trans/cis configuration, the identity of the cyclometalated, and the alkynyl ligand influence on the absorption and emission properties of the complexes in solution, polystyrene (PS) films, and solid state are reported. All complexes are efficient triplet emitters in all media (except for trans-1a and trans-2a in CH2Cl2 solution at 298 K), with emission wavelengths depending mainly on the cyclometalated ligand in the region 473-490 nm (dfppy), 510-550 (ppy-CHO), and quantum yields (ϕ) ranging from 18.5 to 40.7% in PS films. The combined photophysical data and time-dependent density functional theory calculations (TD-DFT) at the excited-state T1 geometry reveal triplet excited states of 3L'LCT (C≡CR → C∧N)/3IL (C∧N) character with minor 3MLCT contribution. The dfppy (a) complexes show a greater tendency to aggregate in rigid media than the ppy-CHO (b) and the cis with respect to the trans, showing red-shifted structureless bands of 3MMLCT and/or excimer-like nature. Interestingly, trans-1a,2a and cis-1a,2a undergo significant changes in the ultraviolet (UV) and emission spectra with Hg2+ ions enabling their use for sensing of Hg2+ ions in solution. This is clearly shown by the hypsochromic shift and substantial decrease of the low-energy absorption band and an increase of the intensity of the emission in the MeCN solution upon the addition of a solution of Hg(ClO4)2 (1:5 molar ratio). Job's plot analysis estimated a 1:1 stoichiometry in the complexation mode of Hg2+ by trans-2a. The binding constant (log K) calculated for this system from absorption titration data resulted to be 2.56, and the limit of the detection (LOD) was 6.54 × 10-7 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Junquera
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Chettri A, Yang T, Cole HD, Shi G, Cameron CG, McFarland SA, Dietzek-Ivanšić B. Using Biological Photophysics to Map the Excited-State Topology of Molecular Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202301452. [PMID: 36827484 PMCID: PMC10079593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202301452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
This study employs TLD1433, a RuII -based photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent in human clinical trials, as a benchmark to establish protocols for studying the excited-state dynamics of photosensitizers (PSs) in cellulo, in the local environment provided by human cancer cells. Very little is known about the excited-state properties of any PS in live cells, and for TLD1433, it is terra incognita. This contribution targets a general problem in phototherapy, which is how to interrogate the light-triggered, function-determining processes of the PSs in the relevant biological environment, and establishes methodological advances to study the ultrafast photoinduced processes for TLD1433 when taken up by MCF7 cells. We generalize the methodological developments and results in terms of molecular physics by applying them to TLD1433's analogue TLD1633, making this study a benchmark to investigate the excited-state dynamics of phototoxic compounds in the complex biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chettri
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Tingxiang Yang
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Houston D Cole
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, USA
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, USA
| | - Colin G Cameron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, USA
| | - Sherri A McFarland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX-76019, USA
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz-Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Rhenium(I)-tricarbonyl complexes with methimazole and its selenium analogue: Syntheses, characterization and cell toxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112092. [PMID: 36549168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the effect of a thione/selone ligand on the cell toxicity (in vitro) and light activity of diimine Re(CO)3+ complexes. Six rhenium(I) complexes with general formula fac-[Re(CO)3(N,N')X]+ were prepared, where X = 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole (methimazole; MMI), and 1-methylimidazole-2-selone (MSeI); N,N' = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen). Their triflate salts were characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H, 13C and 2D NMR, UV-vis and vibrational spectroscopy. Their cytotoxic properties were tested, showing significant cytotoxicity (IC50 = 8.0-55 μM) towards the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) for fac-[Re(CO)3(dmphen)(MMI)]+, the most toxic complex in this series (8.0 ± 0.2 μM), was comparable to that of the corresponding aqua complex fac-[Re(CO)3(dmphen)(H2O)]+ with IC50 = 6.0 ± 0.1 μM. The fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(MMI/MSeI)]+ complexes were somewhat less toxic towards the human embryonic kidney cell line HEK-293 T after 48 h of exposure. The stability of the complexes upon irradiation was monitored using UV-vis spectroscopy, with no CO released when exposed to UV-A light (λ = 365 nm).
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Gómez de Segura D, Lalinde E, Moreno MT. Polymorphism and Mechanochromism in 2-Phenylbenzothiazole Cyclometalated Pt II Complexes with Chelating N ∧O Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20043-20056. [PMID: 36442499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New cyclometalated PtII complexes with 2-phenylbenzothiazole (pbt) and two different picolinate ligands [Pt(pbt)(R-pic-κN,O)] (R = H (1), OH (2)) were prepared. In contrast to 1, the OH substituent group on 2 allows modulation of the packing in the solid state through donor-acceptor H-bonding interactions with the CH2Cl2 solvent. Thus, three pseudopolymorphs of 2 with different aggregation degrees were isolated, including yellow 2-Y, orange-red 2-R (2·0.5CH2Cl2) and black 2-B (2·0.75CH2Cl2) with emissions at 540, 656, and 740 nm, respectively, in the solid state at 298 K. 2-R and 2-B can be transformed to the pristine solid 2. Studies of their crystal structures show that 1 and 2-Y stack in columns with only π···π stacking interactions, whereas 2-R displays strong aggregated 1D infinite chains based on Pt···Pt and π···π stacking interactions, consistent with the colors and the photophysical properties, measured in several media. Interestingly, 1 and 2 exhibit reversible mechanochromic behavior with high contrast in the color and color emission upon mechanical grinding due to a phase transition between a crystalline and an amorphous state, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies. Theoretical calculations indicate that Pt···Pt contacts are more relevant in the trimers and tetramers than in the dimers, particularly in their T1 states, associated with a change from a 3IL/3MLCT transition in the monomer to 3MM(L+L')CT in the oligomers. Noncovalent interaction (NCI) theoretical studies indicate that the π···π stacking among chelates also exerts a strong influence in the metal-metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition character.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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Xue S, Lv X, Liu N, Morimoto H, Xiao B, Aratani N, Kuzuhara D, Yamada H, Qiu F. Porphyrin(2.1.2.1) rhenium(I) complexes: Synthesis, structures, properties, and dipyrrin act as bipyridyl-like ligand. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2146498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ningchao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hirofumi Morimoto
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Bentian Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Daiki Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Fengxian Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Haziz UFM, Haque RA, Konno T, Nobuto Y, Razali MR. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Symmetrical Mononuclear Gold(I)- N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umie F. M. Haziz
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rosenani A. Haque
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Nobuto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mohd R. Razali
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Synthesis and Characterization of Heteroleptic Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Challenges and opportunities in the development of metal-based anticancer theranostic agents. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231168. [PMID: 35420649 PMCID: PMC9109461 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Around 10 million fatalities were recorded worldwide in 2020 due to cancer and statistical projections estimate the number to increase by 60% in 2040. With such a substantial rise in the global cancer burden, the disease will continue to impose a huge socio-economic burden on society. Currently, the most widely used clinical treatment modality is cytotoxic chemotherapy using platinum drugs which is used to treat variety of cancers. Despite its clinical success, critical challenges like resistance, off-target side effects and cancer variability often reduce its overall therapeutic efficiency. These challenges require faster diagnosis, simultaneous therapy and a more personalized approach toward cancer management. To this end, small-molecule ‘theranostic’ agents have presented a viable solution combining diagnosis and therapy into a single platform. In this review, we present a summary of recent efforts in the design and optimization of metal-based small-molecule ‘theranostic’ anticancer agents. Importantly, we highlight the advantages of a theranostic candidate over the purely therapeutic or diagnostic agent in terms of evaluation of its biological properties.
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Canisares FSM, Mutti AMG, Santana EF, Oliveira VC, Cavalcante DGSM, Job AE, Pires AM, Lima SAM. Red-emitting heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes: photophysical and cell labeling study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:1077-1090. [PMID: 35304728 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two red-emitting heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes (Ir-p and Ir-q) were synthesized and their photophysical and biological properties were analyzed. After their structures have been confirmed by several techniques, such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and MALDI TOF analyses, their luminescence behavior was investigated in ethanol and PBS (physiological medium, pH ~ 7.4) solutions. Emission spectra of both complexes are dominated by 3MLCT states at room temperature in ethanolic solution, but at 77 K the Ir-q exhibits the 3LC as the dominant emission state. The Ir-q complex shows one of the highest emission quantum yields, 11.5%, for a red emitter based on iridium(III) complexes in aerated PBS solution, with color coordinates (x;y) of (0.712;0.286). Moreover, both complexes display high potential to be used as a biological marker with excitation wavelengths above 400 nm, high water solubility (Ir-p 1838 μmol L-1, Ir-q 7601 μmol L-1), and distinct emission wavelengths from the biological autofluorescence. Their cytotoxicity was analyzed in CHO-k1 cells by MTT assays, and the IC50 was estimated as being higher than 131 μmol L-1 for Ir-p, and higher than 116 μmol L-1 for Ir-q. Concentrations above 70% of viability were used to perform cell imaging by confocal and fluorescence microscopies and the results suggest that the complexes were internalized by the cell membrane and they are staining the cytoplasm region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S M Canisares
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.,Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M G Mutti
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Edy F Santana
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Vytor C Oliveira
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Dalita G S M Cavalcante
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Aldo E Job
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Ana M Pires
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.,Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Brazil.,Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José Do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio A M Lima
- School of Technology and Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), R. Roberto Simonsen, 305, Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil.
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14
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Lara R, Millán G, Moreno MT, Lalinde E, Alfaro‐Arnedo E, López IP, Larráyoz IM, Pichel JG. Investigation on Optical and Biological Properties of 2-(4-Dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole Based Cycloplatinated Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:15757-15772. [PMID: 34379830 PMCID: PMC9293083 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The optical and biological properties of 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole cycloplatinated complexes featuring bioactive ligands ([{Pt(Me2 N-pbt)(C6 F5 )}L] [L=Me2 N-pbtH 1, p-dpbH (4-(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid) 2, o-dpbH (2-(diphenylphosphino)benzoic acid) 3), [Pt(Me2 N-pbt)(o-dpb)] 4, [{Pt(Me2 N-pbt)(C6 F5 )}2 (μ-PRn P)] [PR4 P=O(CH2 CH2 OC(O)C6 H4 PPh2 )2 5, PR12 P=O{(CH2 CH2 O)3 C(O)C6 H4 PPh2 }2 6] are presented. Complexes 1-6 display 1 ILCT and metal-perturbed 3 ILCT dual emissions. The ratio between both bands is excitation dependent, accomplishing warm-white emissions for 2, 5 and 6. The phosphorescent emission is lost in aerated solutions owing to photoinduced electron transfer to 3 O2 and the formation of 1 O2 , as confirmed in complexes 2 and 4. They also exhibit photoinduced phosphorescence enhancement in non-degassed DMSO due to local oxidation of DMSO by sensitized 1 O2 , which causes a local degassing. Me2 N-pbtH and the complexes specifically accumulate in the Golgi apparatus, although only 2, 3 and 6 were active against A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines, 6 being highly selective in respect to nontumoral cells. The potential photodynamic property of these complexes was demonstrated with complex 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja26006LogroñoSpain
| | - Gonzalo Millán
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja26006LogroñoSpain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja26006LogroñoSpain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja26006LogroñoSpain
| | - Elvira Alfaro‐Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR)Fundación Rioja Salud26006LogroñoSpain
| | - Icíar P. López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR)Fundación Rioja Salud26006LogroñoSpain
| | - Ignacio M. Larráyoz
- Biomarkers and Molecular Signaling Unit (CIBIR)Fundación Rioja Salud26006LogroñoSpain
| | - José G. Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR)Fundación Rioja Salud26006LogroñoSpain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES)ISCIII Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5. Pab. 11.28029 MadridSpain
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15
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Nava-Ramirez JC, Santana-Krimskaya SE, Franco-Molina MA, Ortega-Villarreal AS, Lopez I, Michaelis DJ, Hernandez-Fernandez E. Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated benzotriazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives: anticancer activity, cytotoxicity, and cell imaging. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2021; 21:125-134. [PMID: 34428148 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2021.3100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of ten α,β-unsaturated benzotriazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives was synthesized and all compounds were evaluated in vitro against three breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and 4T1) at different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/mL). The results showed that compounds 6a, 6c, 6d, 6f, 6g, and 6i displayed acceptable anticancer activity, where compound 6f was the most active on the three cell lines (IC50 = 0.80, 0.07, and 0.30 mg/mL, respectively). Regarding the cytotoxicity assay, the compounds exhibited modest toxicity on murine splenocytes and peripheral human blood cells at the highest concentration tested (5 mg/mL). Compound 6f was further evaluated at different concentrations showing moderate cytotoxicity at the 5 mg/mL concentration and negligible cytotoxicity at the minimum concentration evaluated (0.05 mg/mL). Finally, the compounds 6a, 6c, 6d, 6f, 6g, 6i, and 6j were evaluated as fluorescence markers due to their ability to be internalized into MCF-7 cells.
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16
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Gillam TA, Caporale C, Brooks RD, Bader CA, Sorvina A, Werrett MV, Wright PJ, Morrison JL, Massi M, Brooks DA, Zacchini S, Hickey SM, Stagni S, Plush SE. Neutral Re(I) Complex Platform for Live Intracellular Imaging. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10173-10185. [PMID: 34210122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Luminescent metal complexes are a valuable platform for the generation of cell imaging agents. However, many metal complexes are cationic, a factor that can dominate the intracellular accumulation to specific organelles. Neutral Re(I) complexes offer a more attractive platform for the development of bioconjugated imaging agents, where charge cannot influence their intracellular distribution. Herein, we report the synthesis of a neutral complex (ReAlkyne), which was used as a platform for the generation of four carbohydrate-conjugated imaging agents via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. A comprehensive evaluation of the physical and optical properties of each complex is provided, together with a determination of their utility as live cell imaging agents in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Unlike their cationic counterparts, many of which localize within mitochondria, these neutral complexes have localized within the endosomal/lysosomal network, a result consistent with examples of dinuclear carbohydrate-appended neutral Re(I) complexes that have been reported. This further demonstrates the utility of these neutral Re(I) complex imaging platforms as viable imaging platforms for the development of bioconjugated cell imaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Gillam
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,UniSA STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Chiara Caporale
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Christie A Bader
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sorvina
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Melissa V Werrett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Phillip J Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- Department of Chemistry, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Doug A Brooks
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Shane M Hickey
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, Bologna 40136, Italy
| | - Sally E Plush
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, North Tce, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,UniSA STEM, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
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17
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Mkhatshwa M, Moremi JM, Makgopa K, Manicum ALE. Nanoparticles Functionalised with Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes for Cancer Theranostics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6546. [PMID: 34207182 PMCID: PMC8235741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is the second (to cardiovascular diseases) leading cause of death. Regardless of various efforts (i.e., finance, research, and workforce) to advance novel cancer theranostics (diagnosis and therapy), there have been few successful attempts towards ongoing clinical treatment options as a result of the complications posed by cancerous tumors. In recent years, the application of magnetic nanomedicine as theranostic devices has garnered enormous attention in cancer treatment research. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are capable of tuning the magnetic field in their environment, which positively impacts theranostic applications in nanomedicine significantly. MNPs are utilized as contrasting agents for cancer diagnosis, molecular imaging, hyperfusion region visualization, and T cell-based radiotherapy because of their interesting features of small size, high reactive surface area, target ability to cells, and functionalization capability. Radiolabelling of NPs is a powerful diagnostic approach in nuclear medicine imaging and therapy. The use of luminescent radioactive rhenium(I), 188/186Re, tricarbonyl complexes functionalised with magnetite Fe3O4 NPs in nanomedicine has improved the diagnosis and therapy of cancer tumors. This is because the combination of Re(I) with MNPs can improve low distribution and cell penetration into deeper tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katlego Makgopa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology (Arcadia Campus), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Amanda-Lee Ezra Manicum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology (Arcadia Campus), Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.M.); (J.M.M.)
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18
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Valenta J, Greben M, Pramanik G, Kvakova K, Cigler P. Reversible photo- and thermal-effects on the luminescence of gold nanoclusters: implications for nanothermometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11954-11960. [PMID: 34002180 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06467j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of colloidal near-infrared (NIR) emitting gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are thoroughly investigated at variable temperatures and excitation powers. Both absorption and photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra reveal optical transitions expected from literature models of thiolated AuNCs - with the exception of the lowest energy transition which has the form of a featureless absorption tail partially overlapping with the PL band. The absorption cross section is determined via the PL saturation and PL modulation techniques to be in the range of 2-3 × 10-14 cm2 for excitation at 405 nm (relatively large value for such small clusters) and decreases ∼20 times toward 633 nm. Slow transient quenching (perfectly reversible) of PL is observed when the excitation power exceeds the saturation threshold, i.e. when the probability of achieving the second absorption in an excited AuNC before its relaxation is significant. A stable PL quenched level is reached within a fraction of a minute or a few minutes after the start of the excitation. Similar time intervals are needed for AuNCs to relax back to the original state in the dark. By comparing thermally-induced and light-induced PL decreases and PL kinetics speed up, we conclude that the transient quenching is due to heating caused by the dissipated excitation power. The light-induced PL amplitude reduction is much stronger (up to ∼80% under 405 nm, 60 W cm-2 excitation) than changes in PL decay time (∼20%), which is due to PL blinking and PL switching-off in a fraction of the AuNC ensemble. The potential application of these AuNCs in nanothermometry is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Valenta
- Department of Chemical Physics & Optics, Faculty of Mathematics & Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czechia.
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19
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Debnath S, Das T, Parua SP, Rajak KK. Synthesis and characterization of blue-violet emitting iridium(III) complex coordinated via chlorinated ancillary ligand. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1925655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Debnath
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapashi Das
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sankar Prasad Parua
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Kajal Krishna Rajak
- Inorganic Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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20
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Capper MS, Enriquez Garcia A, Lai B, Wang BO, Gelfand BS, Shemanko CS, Jalilehvand F. The effect of sodium thiosulfate on cytotoxicity of a diimine Re(I) tricarbonyl complex. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5968-5977. [PMID: 33949526 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00517k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, diimine Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes have attracted great interest due to their promising cytotoxic effects. Here, we compare the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of two Re(i) compounds fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)](CF3SO3) (1) and Na(fac-[(Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·H2O (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) (2). The Re-thiosulfate complex in 2 was characterized in two solvated crystal structures {Na(fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·1.75H2O·C2H5OH}4 (2 + 0.75H2O + C2H5OH)4 and (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)]) (fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(S2O3)])·4H2O (3). The cytotoxicity of 1 and 2 was tested in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line and compared with that of cisplatin. The cellular localization of the Re(i) complexes was investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results show that replacement of the aqua ligand with thiosulfate renders the complex less toxic most likely by distrupting its cellular entry. Therefore, thiosulfate could potentially have a similar chemoprotective effect against diimine fac-Re(CO)3 complexes as it has against cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles S Capper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | | | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USA
| | - Baiwen O Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Carrie S Shemanko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Farideh Jalilehvand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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21
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Carreño A, Gacitúa M, Solis-Céspedes E, Páez-Hernández D, Swords WB, Meyer GJ, Preite MD, Chávez I, Vega A, Fuentes JA. New Cationic fac-[Re(CO) 3(deeb)B2] + Complex, Where B2 Is a Benzimidazole Derivative, as a Potential New Luminescent Dye for Proteins Separated by SDS-PAGE. Front Chem 2021; 9:647816. [PMID: 33842435 PMCID: PMC8027506 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.647816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) can be used to separate proteins based mainly on their size such as in denaturing gels. Different staining methods have been reported to observe proteins in the gel matrix, where the most used dyes are generally anionic. Anionic dyes allow for interactions with protonated amino acids, retaining the dye in the proteins. Fluorescent staining is an alternative technique considered to be sensitive, safe, and versatile. Some anionic complexes based on d6 transition metals have been used for this purpose, where cationic dyes have been less explored in this context. In this work, we synthesized and characterized a new monocationic rhenium complex fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ (where deeb is 4,4′-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,2′-bpy and B2 is 2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-(3H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-2-yl)phenol). We carried out a structural characterization of this complex by MS+, FTIR, 1H NMR, D2O exchange, and HHCOSY. Moreover, we carried out UV-Vis, luminescence, and cyclic voltammetry experiments to understand the effect of ligands on the complex’s electronic structure. We also performed relativistic theoretical calculations using the B3LYP/TZ2P level of theory and R-TDDFT within a dielectric continuum model (COSMO) to better understand electronic transitions and optical properties. We finally assessed the potential of fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ (as well as the precursor fac-Re(CO)3(deeb)Br and the free ligand B2) to stain proteins separated by SDS-PAGE. We found that only fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ proved viable to be directly used as a luminescent dye for proteins, presumably due to its interaction with negatively charged residues in proteins and by weak interactions provided by B2. In addition, fac-[Re(CO)3(deeb)B2]+ seems to interact preferentially with proteins and not with the gel matrix despite the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). In future applications, these alternative cationic complexes might be used alone or in combination with more traditional anionic compounds to generate counterion dye stains to improve the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Carreño
- Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Eduardo Solis-Céspedes
- Escuela de Bioingeniería Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Dayán Páez-Hernández
- Center of Applied NanoSciences (CANS), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Marcelo D Preite
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivonne Chávez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Vega
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile.,Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología Cedenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Martínez-Junquera M, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Alfaro-Arnedo E, López IP, Larráyoz IM, Pichel JG. Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands: structural, photophysical and biological properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4539-4554. [PMID: 33729268 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Four new cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes bearing acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) ligands, [Pt(C^N)Cl{C(NHXyl)(NHR)}] [C^N = 2,6-difluorophenylpyridine (dfppy), phenylquinoline (pq); R = Pr 3a, 4a, CH2Ph 3b, 4b], were prepared by the nucleophilic attack on the isocyanide [Pt(C^N)Cl(CNXyl)] (C^N = dfppy 1, pq 2) by the corresponding amine RNH2 (R = Pr, CH2Ph). Complexes 3 show in their 1H NMR spectra in CDCl3 a notable concentration dependence, with a clear variation of the δH (NHXyl) signal, suggesting an assembling process implying donor-acceptor NHXylCl bonding, also supported by 1D-PGSE (Pulse Field Gradient Spin Echo) and 2D-DOSY (Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) NMR experiments in solution and X-ray diffraction studies. The intermolecular interactions in compounds 3a and 3b were studied by using Hirshfeld surface analysis and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) methods on their X-ray structures. Their photophysical properties were investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopies and also by TD-DFT calculations performed on 3a and 4b. These complexes show green (3) or orange (4) phosphorescence, attributed to a mixed 3IL/3MLCT excited state. The carbene ligand does not affect the emission maxima but it produces an increase of the quantum yields in relation to the isocyanide in the precursors. In fluid solutions, the emission is not concentration-dependent, but the complexes may show aggregation induced emission as detailed for complexes 3a and 4a. In addition, cytotoxicity studies in the human cell lines A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) showed good activity for these complexes and 3a, 3b and 4a exhibit a strong effect on DNA electrophoretic mobility. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 3 and 4 represent the first examples of cycloplatinated complexes bearing acyclic diamino carbenes with antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Junquera
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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23
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24
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Huentupil Y, Chung P, Novoa N, Arancibia R, Roussel P, Oyarzo J, Klahn AH, Silva C, Calvis C, Messeguer R, Bosque R, López C. Novel multifunctional and multitarget homo- (Fe 2) and heterobimetallic [(Fe,M) with M = Re or Mn] sulfonyl hydrazones. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:12249-12265. [PMID: 32832967 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01756f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of the novel ferrocenyl sulfonyl hydrazide [Fe(η5-C5H5){(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-NH2}] (2) is reported. Additional studies on its reactivity using acetone or the ferrocenyl-, cyrhetrenyl- or cymantrenyl-aldehydes have allowed us to isolate and characterize [Fe(η5-C5H5){(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-N[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe2}] (3), the bis(ferrocenyl) derivative [Fe(η5-C5H5){[(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-(η5-C5H4)]Fe(η5-C5H5)}] (4) and the heterodimetallic compounds [Fe(η5-C5H5){[(η5-C5H4)-S(O)2-NH-N[double bond, length as m-dash]CH-(η5-C5H4)]M(CO)3}] with M = Re (5a) or Mn (5b). The X-ray crystal structures of compounds 3, 5a and 5b are also reported. A comparative study of their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties is also described. Additional computational calculations based on the DFT methodology have allowed us to elucidate the effect produced by the replacement of the terminal -NH2 (in 2) by the -N[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe2 (in 3) and -N[double bond, length as m-dash]CHR (in 4, 5a and 5b) moieties on the electronic distribution and to explain the differences detected in their electrochemical properties and absorption spectra. In vitro cytotoxicity studies of compounds 2, 4, 5a and 5b on the HCT-116 (colon), MCF7 and MDA-MB231 (breast) cancer cell lines reveal that compound 2 has no significant activity (IC50 > 100 μM), while its derivatives 4, 5a and 5b proved to be active in the three cancer cell lines selected in this study. The growth inhibition potency of compounds 5a and 5b against the triple negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell line is similar (or slightly) greater than that of cisplatin. Moreover, compounds 2, 4, 5a and 5b are less toxic than cisplatin in the normal and non-tumoral BJ fibroblasts, and the heterodimetallic complexes 5a and 5b with selective index >2.1 show an outstanding selective toxicity towards the MDA-MB231 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosselin Huentupil
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Organometálica, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Edmundo Larenas 129, Casilla 160-c, Concepción, Chile.
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25
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Bononi G, Iacopini D, Cicio G, Di Pietro S, Granchi C, Di Bussolo V, Minutolo F. Glycoconjugated Metal Complexes as Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:30-64. [PMID: 32735702 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of selectively delivering metal complexes to a defined cohort of cells on the basis of their metabolic features is a highly challenging goal, which may be extremely useful for a series of purposes, including diagnosis and therapy of pathological states, such as cancer. Tumor cells display augmented requests for carbohydrates and, in particular, for glucose in order to sustain their high proliferation rate, which causes an increased glycolytic process (Warburg effect). Since several metal complexes display diagnostic and/or therapeutic properties, their conjugation to carbohydrate portions often induce their preferential accumulation in cancer cells, similarly to what is observed with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). In this review we have considered the latest developments of glycoconjugates containing metal complexes in their structures. These compounds are classified as diagnostic or therapeutic agents and are further systematically discussed on the basis of the metal atom they contain. Several diagnostic techniques are possible with these probes, since, depending on the metal species included in their structures, they may be employed in nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging, luminescence and phosphorescence. At the same time, the lack of selective cytotoxicity displayed by several metal-based chemotherapeutic agents, may also be solved by the conjugation of these agents to carbohydrate portions. Overall, data so far available reveal the great potential of this chemical class in the early detection and in the cure of severe neoplastic diseases, which still needs to be fully explored in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dalila Iacopini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cicio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Current address: Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. -, Laboratori di Pisa, Via Livornese 897, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Di Pietro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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26
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Development of tris-cyclometalated iridium complexes for cellular imaging through structural modification. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Delasoie J, Pavic A, Voutier N, Vojnovic S, Crochet A, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Zobi F. Identification of novel potent and non-toxic anticancer, anti-angiogenic and antimetastatic rhenium complexes against colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112583. [PMID: 32731186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy targeting both tumor growth and vascularization is considered to be a cornerstone for colorectal carcinomas (CRC) treatment. However, the major obstacles of most clinical anticancer drugs are their weak selective activity towards cancer cells and inherent inner organs toxicity, accompanied with fast drug resistance development. In our effort to discover novel selective and non-toxic agents effective against CRC, we designed, synthesized and characterized a series of rhenium(I) tricarbonyl-based complexes with increased lipophilicity. Two of these novel compounds were discovered to possess remarkable anticancer, anti-angiogenic and antimetastatic activity in vivo (zebrafish-human HCT-116 xenograft model), being effective at very low doses (1-3 μM). At doses as high as 250 μM the complexes did not provoke toxicity issues encountered in clinical anticancer drugs (cardio-, hepato-, and myelotoxicity). In vivo assays showed that the two compounds exceed the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic activity of clinical drugs cisplatin and sunitinib malate, and display a large therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Delasoie
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin Du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 152, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Noémie Voutier
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin Du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 152, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aurelien Crochet
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin Du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 152, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, Fribourg University, Chemin Du Musée 9, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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28
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Türel T, Mahadevan G, Valiyaveettil S. Modular Synthesis and Structure-Property Correlation of Pyrene - Rylene Dyes for Cellular Imaging. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tankut Türel
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Gomathi Mahadevan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
| | - Suresh Valiyaveettil
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Singapore
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29
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Haziz UF, Haque RA, Zhan SZ, Razali MR. Mononuclear Gold(I) bis-N-heterocyclic carbene: Synthesis and photophysical study. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Day AH, Übler MH, Best HL, Lloyd-Evans E, Mart RJ, Fallis IA, Allemann RK, Al-Wattar EAH, Keymer NI, Buurma NJ, Pope SJA. Targeted cell imaging properties of a deep red luminescent iridium(iii) complex conjugated with a c-Myc signal peptide. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1599-1606. [PMID: 32206278 PMCID: PMC7069228 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) peptide, PAAKRVKLD, derived from the human c-Myc regulator gene, has been functionalised with a long wavelength (λ ex = 550 nm; λ em = 677 nm) cyclometalated organometallic iridium(iii) complex to give the conjugate Ir-CMYC. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies on human fibroblast cells imaged after 18-24 h incubation show that Ir-CMYC concentrations of 80-100 μM promote good cell uptake and nuclear localisation, which was confirmed though co-localisation studies using Hoechst 33342. In comparison, a structurally related, photophysically analogous iridium(iii) complex lacking the peptide sequence, Ir-PYR, showed very different biological behaviour, with no evidence of nuclear, lysosomal or autophagic vesicle localisation and significantly increased toxicity to the cells at concentrations >10 μM that induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Supporting UV-visible and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies show that Ir-PYR and Ir-CMYC display similarly low affinities for DNA (ca. 103 M-1), consistent with electrostatic binding. Therefore the translocation and nuclear uptake properties of Ir-CMYC are attributed to the presence of the PAAKRVKLD nuclear localisation sequence in this complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Day
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Martin H Übler
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Hannah L Best
- School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Sir Martin Evans Building , Cardiff , UK
| | - Emyr Lloyd-Evans
- School of Biosciences , Cardiff University , Sir Martin Evans Building , Cardiff , UK
| | - Robert J Mart
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Ian A Fallis
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Rudolf K Allemann
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Eman A H Al-Wattar
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Nathaniel I Keymer
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Niklaas J Buurma
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry , Cardiff University , Main Building , Cardiff , CF10 3AT , UK .
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31
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Thomas B, Yan KC, Hu XL, Donnier-Maréchal M, Chen GR, He XP, Vidal S. Fluorescent glycoconjugates and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:593-641. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00118a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent glycoconjugates are discussed for their applications in biology in vitro, in cell assays and in animal models. Advantages and limitations are presented for each design using a fluorescent core conjugated with glycosides, or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Thomas
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie
- UMR 5246
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
| | - Kai-Cheng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xi-Le Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Marion Donnier-Maréchal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie
- UMR 5246
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
| | - Guo-Rong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
| | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie
- UMR 5246
- CNRS and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- Université de Lyon
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32
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Synthesis and investigation of a tris-cyclometalated iridium complex bearing a single quarternary ammonium group. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Synthesis, crystal structure, photophysical property and bioimaging application of a series of Zn(II) terpyridine complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Kottelat E, Lucarini F, Crochet A, Ruggi A, Zobi F. Correlation of MLCTs of Group 7 fac
-[M(CO)3
]+
Complexes (M = Mn, Re) with Bipyridine, Pyridinylpyrazine, Azopyridine, and Pyridin-2-ylmethanimine Type Ligands for Rational photoCORM Design. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kottelat
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Fribourg; Chemin de Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Lucarini
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Fribourg; Chemin de Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Aurelien Crochet
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Fribourg; Chemin de Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Albert Ruggi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Fribourg; Chemin de Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences; University of Fribourg; Chemin de Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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35
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Otero C, Carreño A, Polanco R, Llancalahuen FM, Arratia-Pérez R, Gacitúa M, Fuentes JA. Rhenium (I) Complexes as Probes for Prokaryotic and Fungal Cells by Fluorescence Microscopy: Do Ligands Matter? Front Chem 2019; 7:454. [PMID: 31297366 PMCID: PMC6606945 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Re(I) complexes have exposed highly suitable properties for cellular imaging (especially for fluorescent microscopy) such as low cytotoxicity, good cellular uptake, and differential staining. These features can be modulated or tuned by modifying the ligands surrounding the metal core. However, most of Re(I)-based complexes have been tested for non-walled cells, such as epithelial cells. In this context, it has been proposed that Re(I) complexes are inefficient to stain walled cells (i.e., cells protected by a rigid cell wall, such as bacteria and fungi), presumably due to this physical barrier hampering cellular uptake. More recently, a series of studies have been published showing that a suitable combination of ligands is useful for obtaining Re(I)-based complexes able to stain walled cells. This review summarizes the main characteristics of different fluorophores used in bioimage, remarking the advantages of d6-based complexes, and focusing on Re(I) complexes. In addition, we explored different structural features of these complexes that allow for obtaining fluorophores especially designed for walled cells (bacteria and fungi), with especial emphasis on the ligand choice. Since many pathogens correspond to bacteria and fungi (yeasts and molds), and considering that these organisms have been increasingly used in several biotechnological applications, development of new tools for their study, such as the design of new fluorophores, is fundamental and attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Otero
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexander Carreño
- Center for Applied Nanosciences (CANS), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rubén Polanco
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe M Llancalahuen
- Facultad de Medicina, Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramiro Arratia-Pérez
- Center for Applied Nanosciences (CANS), Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Gacitúa
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan A Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Genética y Patogénesis Bacteriana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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36
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Cauteruccio S, Licandro E, Panigati M, D'Alfonso G, Maiorana S. Modifying the properties of organic molecules by conjugation with metal complexes: The case of peptide nucleic acids and of the intrinsically chiral thiahelicenes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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37
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Organoboron Schiff bases as cell-staining fluorescent probes: Synthesis, Chemio-photophysical characterization, DFT, and X-ray structures. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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38
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Giménez N, Lalinde E, Lara R, Moreno MT. Design of Luminescent, Heteroleptic, Cyclometalated Pt
II
and Pt
IV
Complexes: Photophysics and Effects of the Cyclometalated Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:5514-5526. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ)Universidad de La Rioja 26006 Logroño Spain
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39
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Tian X, Hussain S, de Pace C, Ruiz-Pérez L, Battaglia G. Zn II Complexes for Bioimaging and Correlated Applications. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:509-526. [PMID: 30716209 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a biocompatible element that exists as the second most abundant transition metal ion and an indispensable trace element in the human body. Compared to traditional metal-organic complexes systems, d10 metal ZnII complexes not only exhibit a large Stokes shift and good photon stability but also possess strong emission and low cytotoxicity with a relatively small molecular weight. The use of ZnII complexes has emerged in the last decade as a versatile and convenient tool for numerous biological applications, including bioimaging, molecular and protein recognition, as well as photodynamic therapy. Herein, we review recent developments involving ZnII metal complexes applied as specific subcellular compartment imaging probes and their correlated utilizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Tian
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China
| | - Sajid Hussain
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China.,School of Applied Sciences and Humanities (NUSASH), National University of Technology, Sector I-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Cesare de Pace
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Lorena Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- School of life science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230039, P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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40
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He L, Pan ZY, Qin WW, Li Y, Tan CP, Mao ZW. Impairment of the autophagy-related lysosomal degradation pathway by an anticancer rhenium(i) complex. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4398-4404. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00322c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A Re(i) complex induces autophagy, which is arrested at the lysosomal stage due to lysosomal dysfunction, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
| | - Zheng-Yin Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Wei-Wei Qin
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Function Molecule
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University of Science and Technology
- Xiangtan 411201
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- College of Materials and Energy
- South China Agricultural University
- Guangzhou 510642
- China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
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41
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Proverbio M, Quartapelle Procopio E, Panigati M, Mercurio S, Pennati R, Ascagni M, Leone R, La Porta C, Sugni M. Luminescent conjugates between dinuclear rhenium complexes and 17α-ethynylestradiol: synthesis, photophysical characterization, and cell imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:509-518. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob02472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New luminescent conjugates between dinuclear rhenium complexes and an estradiol moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Proverbio
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | | | - Monica Panigati
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole
| | - Silvia Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Roberta Pennati
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Miriam Ascagni
- Unitech NOLIMITS
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Roberta Leone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Caterina La Porta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Centro per la Complessità e Biosistemi
| | - Michela Sugni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Centro per la Complessità e Biosistemi
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42
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Bright lights down under: Metal ion complexes turning the spotlight on metabolic processes at the cellular level. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Arumugam R, Shankar B, Shanmugam R, Arumuganathan T, Sathiyendiran M. Phosphine oxide-based tricarbonylrhenium(i) complexes from phosphine/phosphine oxide and dihydroxybenzoquinones. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:13894-13901. [PMID: 30226250 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02985g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neutral phosphine oxide (P[double bond, length as m-dash]O) donor-based organometallic complexes [{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PCy3}{μ-DHBQ}{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PCy3}] (1), [{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PPh3}{μ-DHBQ}{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PPh3}] (2), [{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PCy3}{μ-THQ}{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PCy3}] (3), [{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PPh3}{μ-THQ}{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PPh3}] (4), [{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PCy3}{μ-CA}{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PCy3}] (5), and [{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PPh3}{μ-CA}{Re(CO)3O[double bond, length as m-dash]PPh3}] (6) were assembled from phosphine/phosphine oxide, a dihydroxybenzoquinone donor and Re2(CO)10via a one-pot solvothermal approach. The soft phosphine donor was transformed into a hard phosphine oxide donor during the formation of 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The complexes 1-6 were air and moisture stable and were soluble in polar organic solvents. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopic methods. The molecular structures of 1, 2, 4, and 6 were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The UV-Visible absorption studies indicated that 1-6 in THF display strong visible light absorption in the range of ∼350-700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramar Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India
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44
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Meksawangwong S, Jiajaroen S, Chainok K, Pinyo W, Kielar F. Crystal structure of fac-{5-[(hexyl-aza-nium-yl)meth-yl]-2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl-κ 2 N, C 1}bis-[2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl-κ 2 N, C 1]iridium(III) chloride. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018; 74:1439-1443. [PMID: 30319796 PMCID: PMC6176433 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989018012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, fac-[Ir(C11H8N)2(C18H24N2)]Cl or fac-[Ir(ppy)2(Hppy-NC6)]Cl, contains two [Ir(ppy)2(ppy-NC6)](H+) cations, two Cl- anions and disordered solvent. In each complex mol-ecule, the IrIII ion is coordinated by two C,N-bidentate 2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl ligands and one C,N-bidentate N-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)benz-yl]hexan-1-aminium ligand, leading to a distorted fac-octa-hedral coordination environment. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯Cl, C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure. The hexyl group of one mol-ecule is disordered over two orientations with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.412 (13):0.588 (13). The acetone and hexane solvent mol-ecules were found to be highly disordered and their contribution to the scattering was masked using the solvent-masking routine smtbx.mask in OLEX2 [Rees et al. (2005 ▸). Acta Cryst. D61, 1299-1301]. These solvent mol-ecules are not considered in the given chemical formula and other crystal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureemas Meksawangwong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Suwadee Jiajaroen
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Materials and Textile Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Pinyo
- NSTDA Characterization and Testing Center, Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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Berenguer JR, Lalinde E, Moreno MT. Luminescent cyclometalated-pentafluorophenyl Pt II , Pt IV and heteropolynuclear complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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46
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Ji X, Zhang P, Wei W, Zhang H, Xia B. Theoretical investigation on the electronic structures and spectroscopic properties as well as the features as dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells of quinonoid containing Re(I) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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47
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48
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Lalinde E, Lara R, López IP, Moreno MT, Alfaro-Arnedo E, Pichel JG, Piñeiro-Hermida S. Benzothiazole-Based Cycloplatinated Chromophores: Synthetic, Optical, and Biological Studies. Chemistry 2018; 24:2440-2456. [PMID: 29219223 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cycloplatinated complexes based on 2-(4-substituted)benzothiazole ligands of type [Pt(R-PBT-κC,N)Cl(L)] (PBT=2-phenylbenzothiazole; R=Br (1), Me2 N (2); L=dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; a), 1,3,5- triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA; b), triphenylphosphine 3,3',3''-trisulfonate (TPPTS; c)) and [Pt(Br-PBT-κC)Cl(PTA)2 ] (3) are presented. On the basis of the photophysical data and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations (1 a and 2 a), the low-lying transitions (absorption and emission) were associated with ligand-center (LC) charge transfer, with minor metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT), and intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) [Me2 N-PBT→PBT] excited states, respectively. Simultaneous fluorescence/phosphorescence bands were found in fluid solutions (and also in the solid state for 2 a), which become dominated by triplet emission bands in rigid media at 77 K. The effect of the concentration on emissive behavior of 2 a, b indicated the occurrence of aggregation-induced luminescence properties related to the occurrence of metal-metal and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, which are more enhanced in 2 a because of the less bulky DMSO ligand. The behavior of 2 a toward para-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in aerated acetonitrile and to hydrogen chloride gas in the solid state has been evaluated, thus showing a clear reversible change between the 1 ILCT and 3 LC/3 MLCT states due to protonation of the NMe2 group (theoretical calculations on 2 a-H+ ). Solid 2 a undergoes a surprising oxidation of the PtII center to PtIV with concomitant deoxygenation of DMSO, under prolonged reaction with hydrogen chloride gas to afford the PtIV /dimethyl sulfide complex (mer-[Pt(Me2 N-PBT-κC,N)Cl3 (SMe2 )]; mer-4), which evolves in solution to fac-4, as confirmed by X-ray studies. Cytotoxic activity studies on A549 and HeLa cell lines indicated cytotoxic activity of 1 b and 2 a, b. In addition, fluorescent cell microscopy revealed cytoplasmic staining, more visible in perinuclear areas. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by 1 b in both cells is presented as a preliminary mechanism of its cytotoxic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Elvira Alfaro-Arnedo
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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49
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He M, Ching HYV, Policar C, Bertrand HC. Rhenium tricarbonyl complexes with arenethiolate axial ligands. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01960f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyta and Tapy-based [Re(N^N)(CO)3X] complexes with para-substituted benzenethiolates as axial ligand are reported along with their electrochemical and photophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglan He
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - H. Y. Vincent Ching
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Clotilde Policar
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
| | - Helene C. Bertrand
- Laboratoire des biomolécules
- LBM
- Département de chimie
- École normale supérieure
- PSL University
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50
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Oyarzo J, Acuña A, Klahn H, Arancibia R, Silva CP, Bosque R, López C, Font-Bardía M, Calvis C, Messeguer R. Isomeric and hybrid ferrocenyl/cyrhetrenyl aldimines: a new family of multifunctional compounds. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1635-1649. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04142j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Comparative experimental and theoretical studies of the properties and biological activities of the new aldimines 1 and 2 are reported.
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