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Transition Metal-(μ-Cl)-Aluminum Bonding in α-Olefin and Diene Chemistry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217164. [PMID: 36363991 PMCID: PMC9654437 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Olefin and diene transformations, catalyzed by organoaluminum-activated metal complexes, are widely used in synthetic organic chemistry and form the basis of major petrochemical processes. However, the role of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding, being proven for certain >C=C< functionalization reactions, remains unclear and debated for essentially more important industrial processes such as oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and conjugated dienes. Numerous publications indirectly point at the significance of M−(μ-Cl)−Al bonding in Ziegler−Natta and related transformations, but only a few studies contain experimental or at least theoretical evidence of the involvement of M−(μ-Cl)−Al species into catalytic cycles. In the present review, we have compiled data on the formation of M−(μ-Cl)−Al complexes (M = Ti, Zr, V, Cr, Ni), their molecular structure, and reactivity towards olefins and dienes. The possible role of similar complexes in the functionalization, oligomerization and polymerization of α-olefins and dienes is discussed in the present review through the prism of the further development of Ziegler−Natta processes and beyond.
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Kumawat J, Gupta VK. Catalyst Activation and Chain Transfer Agents in Metallocene Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization: A Computational Investigation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Kumawat
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group, Reliance Research and Development Center Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli Navi Mumbai 400701 India
| | - Virendra Kumar Gupta
- Polymer Synthesis & Catalysis Group, Reliance Research and Development Center Reliance Industries Limited, Ghansoli Navi Mumbai 400701 India
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Kinetic and thermal study of ethylene-propylene copolymerization catalyzed by ansa-zirconocene activated with Alkylaluminium/borate: Effects of linear and branched alkylaluminium compounds as cocatalyst. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kilpatrick AFR, Geddes HS, Turner ZR, Buffet JC, Goodwin AL, O'Hare D. Polymethylaluminoxane organic frameworks (sMAOF) – highly active supports for slurry phase ethylene polymerisation. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00767j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of modified solid polymethylaluminoxane (sMAO) catalyst supports have been developed for slurry phase ethylene polymerisation, using aryl di-ol modifier groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoë R. Turner
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Jean-Charles Buffet
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Dermot O'Hare
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
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Zorve P, Linnolahti M. Catalytic reactions on magnesium dichloride clusters saturated by titanium tetrachloride. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yang H, Ingen Y, Blom B, Rastogi S, Romano D. Structural modification of phenoxyimine titanium complexes and activation studies with alkylaluminum compounds. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaqin Yang
- Department of Biobased Materials Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University Brightlands Chemelot Campus Geleen 6167 RD The Netherlands
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials Brightlands Chemelot Campus Geleen 6167 RD The Netherlands
| | - Yara Ingen
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials Brightlands Chemelot Campus Geleen 6167 RD The Netherlands
- Maastricht Science Programme Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University Kapoenstraat 2 PO Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Programme Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University Kapoenstraat 2 PO Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- Department of Biobased Materials Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University Brightlands Chemelot Campus Geleen 6167 RD The Netherlands
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials Brightlands Chemelot Campus Geleen 6167 RD The Netherlands
| | - Dario Romano
- Department of Biobased Materials Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University Brightlands Chemelot Campus Geleen 6167 RD The Netherlands
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials Brightlands Chemelot Campus Geleen 6167 RD The Netherlands
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Zaccaria F, Budzelaar PHM, Cipullo R, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Reactivity Trends of Lewis Acidic Sites in Methylaluminoxane and Some of Its Modifications. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5751-5759. [PMID: 32271565 PMCID: PMC7997381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The established model cluster (AlOMe)16(AlMe3)6 for methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst has been studied by density functional theory, aiming to rationalize the different behaviors of unmodified MAO and TMA-depleted MAO/BHT (TMA = trimethylaluminum; BHT = 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), highlighted in previous experimental studies. The tendency of the three model Lewis acidic sites A-C to release neutral Al fragments (i.e., AlMe2R; R = Me or bht) or transient aluminum cations (i.e., [AlMeR]+) has been investigated both in the absence and in the presence of neutral N-donors. Sites C are most likely responsible for the activation capabilities of TMA-rich MAO, but TMA depletion destabilizes them, possibly inducing structural rearrangements. The remaining sites A and B, albeit of lower Lewis acidity, should be still able to release cationic Al fragments when TMA-depleted modified MAOs are treated with N-donors (e.g. [AlMe(bht)]+ from MAO/BHT). These findings provide tentative interpretations for earlier observations of donor-dependent ionization tendencies of MAO and MAO/BHT and how TMA depleted MAOs can still be potent activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Zaccaria F, Sian L, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A. Ion pairing in transition metal catalyzed olefin polymerization. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Parfenova LV, Kovyazin PV, Gabdrakhmanov VZ, Istomina GP, Ivchenko PV, Nifant'ev IE, Khalilov LM, Dzhemilev UM. Ligand exchange processes in zirconocene dichloride-trimethylaluminum bimetallic systems and their catalytic properties in reaction with alkenes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16918-16937. [PMID: 30444522 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04156c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ligand exchange processes in the systems L2ZrCl2-AlMe3 (L2ZrCl2: Cp2ZrCl2, (CpMe)2ZrCl2, (C5Me5)2ZrCl2, Me2SiCp2ZrCl2, Me2Si(C5Me4)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2C(2-Me-4-But-Cp)2ZrCl2, meso-Me2C(2-Me-4-But-Cp)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2C(3-But-Cp)2ZrCl2, Ind2ZrCl2, rac-H2C(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2C(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-C2H4(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-C2H4(THInd)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2Si(THInd)2ZrCl2) and Cp2ZrMeCl2-n-AlMe3 (n = 1, 2) were studied by NMR spectroscopy with the goal to establish the structures and dynamic features of probable intermediates in the zirconocene-catalyzed reactions of alkenes with AlMe3. The effect of solvent, the organoaluminum compound concentration and the addition of (ClAlMe2)2 on the activation parameters of the alkyl exchange in the trimethylaluminum dimer was studied as well. The constants and activation parameters of the methyl group exchange in the monoalkyl-substituted ansa-complexes L2ZrMeCl (L2 = rac-Me2C(2-Me-4-But-Cp)2, rac-Me2C(3-But-Cp)2, rac-H2CInd2, rac-Me2CInd2, rac-Me2SiInd2, rac-H4C2Ind2) were established for the first time. The catalytic activity and chemoselectivity of zirconocenes in the reaction of alkenes with AlMe3 were evaluated and compared with the exchange and equilibrium constants of ligand exchange processes. A mechanism of the reaction was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Parfenova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel V Kovyazin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Vener Z Gabdrakhmanov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Galina P Istomina
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation. and Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, ul. Kosmonavtov 1, 450062 Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel V Ivchenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Russian Federation and A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya E Nifant'ev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, Russian Federation and A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp. 29, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Leonard M Khalilov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
| | - Usein M Dzhemilev
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450075 Ufa, prosp. Oktyabrya, 141, Russian Federation.
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Laine A, Coussens BB, Hirvi JT, Berthoud A, Friederichs N, Severn JR, Linnolahti M. Effect of Ligand Structure on Olefin Polymerization by a Metallocene/Borate Catalyst: A Computational Study. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om501185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Laine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu
Campus, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Betty B. Coussens
- DSM Chemical Technology R&D B.V., NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne T. Hirvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu
Campus, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu
Campus, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Kerber RN, Kerber T, Rozanska X, Delbecq F, Sautet P. Grafting trimethylaluminum and its halogen derivatives on silica: general trends for 27Al SS-NMR response from first principles calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26937-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
27Al solid-state NMR spectrum and parameters for various types of Al monomeric and dimeric alkyl and halogen compounds grafted on silica are interpreted based on the trends obtained from first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Nathaniel Kerber
- Université de Lyon
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07
| | - Torsten Kerber
- Université de Lyon
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07
| | - Xavier Rozanska
- Université de Lyon
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07
| | - Françoise Delbecq
- Université de Lyon
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07
| | - Philippe Sautet
- Université de Lyon
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie de Lyon
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon
- F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07
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Zijlstra HS, Harder S. Methylalumoxane – History, Production, Properties, and Applications. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harmen S. Zijlstra
- Stratingh Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P. O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P. O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University of Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, http://www.harder‐research.com
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Linnolahti M, Laine A, Pakkanen TA. Screening the thermodynamics of trimethylaluminum-hydrolysis products and their co-catalytic performance in olefin-polymerization catalysis. Chemistry 2013; 19:7133-42. [PMID: 23576459 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce an approach for the computational screening of stoichiometric reactions between trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water. The thermodynamic products of these reactions are methylaluminoxanes (MAOs) with different compositions, which have the general formula (AlOMe)n(AlMe3 )m, in which n describes the degree of oligomerization and m is the number of associated TMA molecules. These reaction products were thoroughly explored up to n=4, thus demonstrating the thermodynamically preferable association of up to four AlMe3 molecules, that is, TMA molecules in their monomeric form. The relative Lewis acidities of the Al sites in these MAOs were systematically explored and we found that the associated TMA molecules were a key ingredient for co-catalytic activity in olefin-polymerization catalysis. This conclusion was supported by computational studies on catalyst activation, which revealed an exergonic insertion of ethene into the metallocene/MAO complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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