1
|
Saini S, Lapi SE. Titanium-45 ( 45Ti) Radiochemistry and Applications in Molecular Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:479. [PMID: 38675439 PMCID: PMC11054510 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is an important part of modern medicine which enables the non-invasive identification and characterization of diseases. With the advancement of radiochemistry and scanner technology, nuclear medicine is providing insight into efficient treatment options for individual patients. Titanium-45 (45Ti) is a lesser-explored radionuclide that is garnering increasing interest for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals. This review discusses aspects of this radionuclide including production, purification, radiochemistry development, and molecular imaging studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Saini
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guk DA, Gibadullina KR, Burlutskiy RO, Pavlov KG, Moiseeva AA, Tafeenko VA, Lyssenko KA, Gandalipov ER, Shtil AA, Beloglazkina EK. New Titanocene (IV) Dicarboxylates with Potential Cytotoxicity: Synthesis, Structure, Stability and Electrochemistry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043340. [PMID: 36834751 PMCID: PMC9964323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new anticancer drugs based on biogenic metals, which have weaker side effects compared to platinum-based drugs, remains an urgent task in medicinal chemistry. Titanocene dichloride, a coordination compound of fully biocompatible titanium, has failed in pre-clinical trials but continues to attract the attention of researchers as a structural framework for the development of new cytotoxic compounds. In this study, a series of titanocene (IV) carboxylate complexes, both new and those known from the literature, was synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by a complex of physicochemical methods and X-ray diffraction analysis (including one previously unknown structure based on perfluorinated benzoic acid). The comprehensive comparison of three approaches for the synthesis of titanocene derivatives known from the literature (the nucleophilic substitution of chloride anions of titanocene dichloride with sodium and silver salts of carboxylic acids as well as the reaction of dimethyltitanocene with carboxylic acids themselves) made it possible to optimize these methods to obtain higher yields of individual target compounds, generalize the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, and determine the substrate frames of each method. The redox potentials of all obtained titanocene derivatives were determined by cyclic voltammetry. The relationship between the structure of ligands, the reduction potentials of titanocene (IV), and their relative stability in redox processes, as obtained in this work, can be used for the design and synthesis of new effective cytotoxic titanocene complexes. The study of the stability of the carboxylate-containing derivatives of titanocene obtained in the work in aqueous media showed that they were more resistant to hydrolysis than titanocene dichloride. Preliminary tests of the cytotoxicity of the synthesised titanocene dicarboxilates on MCF7 and MCF7-10A cell lines demonstrated an IC50 ≥ 100 μM for all the obtained compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Guk
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Karina R. Gibadullina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman O. Burlutskiy
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill G. Pavlov
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna A. Moiseeva
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor A. Tafeenko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Lyssenko
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Erik R. Gandalipov
- International Institute of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosov Street, 191002 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Shtil
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cyber Intelligence Systems, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 31 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena K. Beloglazkina
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro biological evaluation of novel organotin(IV) compounds with derivatives of 2-(5-arylidene-2,4-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl)propanoic acid. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 211:111207. [PMID: 32801055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two novel triphenyltin(IV) compounds, [Ph3SnL1] (L1 = 2-(5-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydrothiazole-3-yl)propanoate (1)) and [Ph3SnL2] (L2 = 2-(5-(5-methyl-2-furfurylidene)-2,4-dioxotetrahydrothiazole-3-yl)propanoate (2)) were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental microanalysis. The in vitro anticancer activity of the synthesized organotin(IV) compounds was determined against four tumor cell lines: PC-3 (prostate), HT-29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and HepG2 (hepatic) using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-12 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and CV (crystal violet) assays. The IC50 values are found to be in the range from 0.11 to 0.50 μM. Compound 1 exhibits the highest activity toward PC-3 cells (IC50 = 0.115 ± 0.009 μM; CV assay). The tin and platinum uptake in PC-3 cells showed a threefold lower uptake of tin in comparison to platinum (as cisplatin). Together with its higher activity this indicates a much higher cell inhibition potential of the tin compounds (calculated to ca. 50 to 100 times). Morphological analysis suggested that the compounds induce apoptosis in PC-3 cells, and flow cytometry analysis revealed that 1 and 2 induce autophagy as well as NO (nitric oxide) production.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bolchi C, Bavo F, Appiani R, Roda G, Pallavicini M. 1,4-Benzodioxane, an evergreen, versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry: A review of its recent applications in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112419. [PMID: 32502862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Benzodioxane has long been a versatile template widely employed to design molecules endowed with diverse bioactivities. Its use spans the last decades of medicinal chemistry until today concerning many strategies of drug discovery, not excluding the most advanced ones. Here, more than fifty benzodioxane-related lead compounds, selected from recent literature, are presented showing the different approaches with which they have been developed. Agonists and antagonists at neuronal nicotinic, α1 adrenergic and serotoninergic receptor subtypes and antitumor and antibacterial agents form the most representative classes, but a variety of other biological targets are addressed by benzodioxane-containing compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tabrizi L, Olasunkanmi LO, Fadare OA. De novodesign of thioredoxin reductase-targeted heterometallic titanocene–gold compounds of chlorambucil for mechanistic insights into renal cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:297-300. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07406f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A chlorambucil-alkynyl mononuclear gold(i) complex and heteronuclear titanocene–gold(i) complex were studied for mechanism of action in renal cancer by experimental and computational methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- School of Chemistry
- National University of Ireland
- Galway
- Ireland
| | - Lukman O. Olasunkanmi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Obafemi Awolowo University
- Ile-Ife 220005
- Nigeria
| | - Olatomide A. Fadare
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Obafemi Awolowo University
- Ile-Ife 220005
- Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ceballos-Torres J, Gómez-Ruiz S, Fajardo M, Pinar AB, Prashar S. Synthesis and characterization of alkenyl and alkyl substituted group 4 metallocene dichloride complexes: Applications in ethylene polymerization. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.120890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
7
|
Anticancer Applications and Recent Investigations of Metallodrugs Based on Gallium, Tin and Titanium. INORGANICS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
8
|
Synthesis, DNA-cleaving activities and cytotoxicities of the copper(II) complexes of pyrrole-polyamide dimers tethered with carboxylate-containing linkers. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Ceballos-Torres J, Prashar S, Fajardo M, Chicca A, Gertsch J, Pinar AB, Gómez-Ruiz S. Ether-Substituted Group 4 Metallocene Complexes: Cytostatic Effects and Applications in Ethylene Polymerization. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/om5012209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ceballos-Torres
- Departamento
de Biologı́a y Geologı́a, Fı́sica
y Quı́mica Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- Departamento
de Biologı́a y Geologı́a, Fı́sica
y Quı́mica Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Fajardo
- Departamento
de Biologı́a y Geologı́a, Fı́sica
y Quı́mica Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Chicca
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Institute
of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana B. Pinar
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento
de Biologı́a y Geologı́a, Fı́sica
y Quı́mica Inorgánica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ceballos-Torres J, del Hierro I, Prashar S, Fajardo M, Mijatović S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Kaluđerović GN, Gómez-Ruiz S. Alkenyl-substituted titanocene dichloride complexes: Stability studies, binding and cytotoxicity. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Ceballos-Torres J, Virag P, Cenariu M, Prashar S, Fajardo M, Fischer-Fodor E, Gómez-Ruiz S. Anti-cancer applications of titanocene-functionalised nanostructured systems: an insight into cell death mechanisms. Chemistry 2014; 20:10811-28. [PMID: 24715574 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkenyl-substituted titanocene compounds have been supported on the mesoporous silica-based material KIT-6. The corresponding functionalised materials were completely characterised by different techniques (solid-state multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray fluorescence and diffraction, SEM and TEM) to observe the incorporation of the titanocene derivatives on the external surface of the material KIT-6. Both the titanocene compounds and the materials were tested in vitro against a wide variety of human cancer and normal cell lines. A very high cytotoxicity of the synthesised titanocene derivatives (IC50 values in the range of those described in the literature for the most active cytotoxic titanocene compounds), with selectivity towards cancer cell lines was observed. The cytotoxic activity of the materials is the highest reported to date for titanocene-functionalised materials. In addition, higher Ti uptake (from 4 to 23% of the initial amount of Ti) of the cells treated with materials was observed with respect to those treated with "free" titanocene derivatives (which gave Ti uptake values from 0.4 to 4.6% of the initial amount of Ti). Additional experiments with the titanocene derivatives and the functionalised materials revealed that changes to the morphological and functional dynamics of apoptosis occurred when the active titanocene species were incorporated into mesoporous materials. In addition, the materials could induce programmed cell death in tumour cell populations by impairing the damaged DNA repair mechanisms and by upregulation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ceballos-Torres
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, E.S.C.E.T. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid (Spain)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|