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Appiani R, Viscarra F, Biggin PC, Bermudez I, Giraudo A, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Selective Potentiation of the (α4) 3(β2) 2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Response by NS9283 Analogues. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1501-1514. [PMID: 38511291 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
NS9283, 3-(3-pyridyl)-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole, is a selective positive allosteric modulator of (α4)3(β2)2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). It has good subtype selective therapeutic potential afforded by its specific binding to the unique α4-α4 subunit interface present in the (α4)3(β2)2 nAChR. However, there is currently a lack of structure activity relationship (SAR) studies aimed at developing a class of congeners endowed with the same profile of activity that can help consolidate the druggability of the α4-α4 subunit interface. In this study, new NS9283 analogues were designed, synthesized, and characterized for their ability to selectively potentiate the ACh activity at heterologous (α4)3(β2)2 nAChRs vs nAChR subtypes (α4)2(β2)3, α5α4β2, and α7. With few exceptions, all the NS9283 analogues exerted positive modulation of the (α4)3(β2)2 nAChR ACh-evoked responses. Above all, those modified at the 3-cyanophenyl moiety by replacement with 3-nitrophenyl (4), 4-cyanophenyl (10), and N-formyl-4-piperidinyl (20) showed the same efficacy as NS9283, although with lower potency. Molecular dynamics simulations of NS9283 and some selected analogues highlighted consistency between potentiation activity and pose of the ligand inside the α4-α4 site with the main interaction being with the complementary (-) side and induction of a significant conformational change of the Trp156 residue in the principal (+) side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Franco Viscarra
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Structural Bioinformatics and Computational Biochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Bermudez
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Giraudo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, Milano I-20133, Italy
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2
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Morano C, Dei Cas M, Casagni E, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C, Penati S, Cuomo A, Cascella M, Bimonte S, Spensiero A, Ferrari A, Lombardi A, Roda G. Medicinal Cannabis: Extended Stability of Cannabis Extracts Produced Using a New Ethanol-based Extraction Method. Planta Med 2024; 90:73-80. [PMID: 37963569 DOI: 10.1055/a-2189-8155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis as a therapeutic agent is increasing in popularity all around the globe, particularly in Western countries, and its potential is now well assessed. On the other hand, each country has its own regulation for the preparation of cannabis macerated oils; in Italy, there are only a few preparation methods allowed. With this work, we aim to perform a stability study of cannabis oils produced with a novel method for the extraction of cannabinoids from cannabis inflorescence. Three different varieties of cannabis were used, with and without the adding of tocopherol acetate as an antioxidant. Cannabinoids were extracted using ethanol at room temperature; then, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the preparations reconstituted with olive oil. In this work, we assessed the stability of both cannabinoids and terpenes in these formulas over 8 months. Cannabinoid stability was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of THC and CBD, while terpene stability was assessed by monitoring β-Caryophyllene and α-Humulene concentrations. Stability of the extracts was not influenced by the presence of tocopherol acetate, though refrigeration seems to be detrimental for a long storage of products, especially regarding THC concentrations. The improvements offered by this method reside in the flexibility in controlling the concentration of the extract and the ability to produce highly concentrated oils, alongside the possibility to produce standardized oils despite the variability of the starting plant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Morano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Casagni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Penati
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Arturo Cuomo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione 'G. Pascale', Division of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Spensiero
- Compounding Laboratory, Farmacia Caputo, Nocera Superiore (SA), Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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3
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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M. Addressing Motor Dysfunction by a Selective α6-Containing Nicotinic Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14494-14496. [PMID: 37852222 PMCID: PMC10641822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In the striatum, presynaptic α6-containig nicotinic receptors are crucially involved in the modulation of dopamine release. CVN417, a novel selective antagonist at this receptor subtype, attenuates motor dysfunction in a Parkinson's disease-relevant animal model, suggesting, for this pathology, a therapeutic strategy that could greatly profit from the restricted localization of α6* nicotinic receptors in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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4
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Giraudo A, Armano E, Morano C, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Green Oxidation of Heterocyclic Ketones with Oxone in Water. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15461-15465. [PMID: 37823876 PMCID: PMC10629238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The recently reported efficient conversion of cyclic ketones to lactones by Oxone in neutral buffered water is extended to heterocyclic ketones, namely, cyclic N-Boc azaketones and oxoethers with the aim of obtaining N-protected azalactones and their analogues with oxygen in place of nitrogen. N-Boc-4-piperidinone and all the cyclic oxoethers were successfully oxidized to lactones, while the azacyclic ketones with nitrogen α-positioned to carbonyl were univocally transformed into N-Boc-ω-amino acids and N-Boc-N-formyl-ω-amino acids operating in alkaline water and DMF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giraudo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Armano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Camillo Morano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
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5
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Giraudo A, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Small molecule ligands for α9* and α7 nicotinic receptors: a survey and an update, respectively. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106801. [PMID: 37236412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The α9- and α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes by complex mechanisms that are currently the subject of intensive study and debate. In this regard, selective ligands serve as invaluable investigative tools and, in many cases, potential therapeutics for the treatment of various CNS disfunctions and diseases, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and cancer. However, the present scenario differs significantly between the two aforementioned nicotinic subtypes. Over the past few decades, a large number of selective α7-nAChR ligands, including full, partial and silent agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators, have been described and reviewed. Conversely, reports on selective α9-containing nAChR ligands are relatively scarce, also due to a more recent characterization of this receptor subtype, and hardly any focusing on small molecules. In this review, we focus on the latter, providing a comprehensive overview, while providing only an update over the last five years for α7-nAChR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giraudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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6
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Morano C, Dei Cas M, Bergamaschi RF, Palmisano E, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C, Roda G, Casati S. Fractioning and Compared 1H NMR and GC-MS Analyses of Lanolin Acid Components. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041635. [PMID: 36838621 PMCID: PMC9964252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of food and food-related wastes represents a growing global issue, as they are hard to recycle and dispose of. Foremost, waste can serve as an important source of biomasses. Particularly, fat-enriched biomasses are receiving more and more attention for their role in the manufacturing of biofuels. Nonetheless, many biomasses have been set aside over the years. Wool wax, also known as lanolin, has a huge potential for becoming a source of typical and atypical fatty acids. The main aim of this work was to evaluate and assess a protocol for the fractioning of fatty acids from lanolin, a natural by-product of the shearing of sheep, alongside the design of a new and rapid quantitative GC-MS method for the derivatization of free fatty acids in fat mixtures, using MethElute™. As the acid portion of lanolin is characterized by the presence of both aliphatic and hydroxylated fatty acids, we also evaluated a procedure for the parting of these two species, by using NMR spectroscopy, benefitting of the different solubilities of the components in organic solvents. At last, we evaluated and quantified the fatty acids and the α-hydroxy fatty acids present in each attained portion, employing both analytical and synthetic standards. The performed analyses, both qualitative and quantitative, showed a good performance in the parting of the different acid components, and GC-MS allowed to speculate that the majority of α-hydroxylated fatty acids is formed of linear saturated carbon chains, while the totality of properly said fatty acids has a much more complex profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Morano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta F. Bergamaschi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Palmisano
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Casati
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Bavo F, Pallavicini M, Pucci S, Appiani R, Giraudo A, Oh H, Kneisley DL, Eaton B, Lucero L, Gotti C, Clementi F, Whiteaker P, Bolchi C. Subnanomolar Affinity and Selective Antagonism at α7 Nicotinic Receptor by Combined Modifications of 2-Triethylammonium Ethyl Ether of 4-Stilbenol (MG624). J Med Chem 2022; 66:306-332. [PMID: 36526469 PMCID: PMC9841521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Modifications of the cationic head and the ethylene linker of 2-(triethylammonium)ethyl ether of 4-stilbenol (MG624) have been proved to produce selective α9*-nAChR antagonism devoid of any effect on the α7-subtype. Here, single structural changes at the styryl portion of MG624 lead to prevailing α7-nAChR antagonism without abolishing α9*-nAChR antagonism. Nevertheless, rigidification of the styryl into an aromatic bicycle, better if including a H-bond donor NH, such as 5-indolyl (31), resulted in higher and more selective α7-nAChR affinity. Hybridization of this modification with the constraint of the 2-triethylammoniumethyloxy portion into (R)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyrrolidiniumoxy substructure, previously reported as the best modification for the α7-nAChR affinity of MG624 (2), was a winning strategy. The resulting hybrid 33 had a subnanomolar α7-nAChR affinity and was a potent and selective α7-nAChR antagonist, producing at the α7-, but not at the α9*-nAChR, a profound loss of subsequent ACh function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy,Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Pucci
- Institute
of Neuroscience, CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy,NeuroMi
Milan Center for Neuroscience, University
of Milano Bicocca, piazza
Ateneo Nuovo 1, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giraudo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Hyoungil Oh
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Dana L. Kneisley
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Brek Eaton
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Linda Lucero
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Institute
of Neuroscience, CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Clementi
- Institute
of Neuroscience, CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Paul Whiteaker
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy,. Phone: +390250319347
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8
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Giuriato D, Correddu D, Catucci G, Di Nardo G, Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Gilardi G. Design of a H 2 O 2 -generating P450 SPα fusion protein for high yield fatty acid conversion. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4501. [PMID: 36334042 PMCID: PMC9679977 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomonas paucimobilis' P450SPα (CYP152B1) is a good candidate as industrial biocatalyst. This enzyme is able to use hydrogen peroxide as unique cofactor to catalyze the fatty acids conversion to α-hydroxy fatty acids, thus avoiding the use of expensive electron-donor(s) and redox partner(s). Nevertheless, the toxicity of exogenous H2 O2 toward proteins and cells often results in the failure of the reaction scale-up when it is directly added as co-substrate. In order to bypass this problem, we designed a H2 O2 self-producing enzyme by fusing the P450SPα to the monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX), as H2 O2 donor system, in a unique polypeptide chain, obtaining the P450SPα -polyG-MSOX fusion protein. The purified P450SPα -polyG-MSOX protein displayed high purity (A417 /A280 = 0.6) and H2 O2 -tolerance (kdecay = 0.0021 ± 0.000055 min-1 ; ΔA417 = 0.018 ± 0.001) as well as good thermal stability (Tm : 59.3 ± 0.3°C and 63.2 ± 0.02°C for P450SPα and MSOX domains, respectively). The data show how the catalytic interplay between the two domains can be finely regulated by using 500 mM sarcosine as sacrificial substrate to generate H2 O2 . Indeed, the fusion protein resulted in a high conversion yield toward fat waste biomass-representative fatty acids, that is, lauric acid (TON = 6,800 compared to the isolated P450SPα TON = 2,307); myristic acid (TON = 6,750); and palmitic acid (TON = 1,962).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Giuriato
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Danilo Correddu
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Gianluca Catucci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Giovanna Di Nardo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze FarmaceuticheUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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9
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Bolchi C, Appiani R, Morano C, Roda G, Pallavicini M. 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-Hydroxybenzofuran: a unified strategy for a two-step synthesis of versatile benzofuranic building blocks. ARKIVOC 2022. [DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p011.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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10
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Bavo F, Pallavicini M, Pucci S, Appiani R, Giraudo A, Eaton B, Lucero L, Gotti C, Moretti M, Whiteaker P, Bolchi C. From 2-Triethylammonium Ethyl Ether of 4-Stilbenol (MG624) to Selective Small-Molecule Antagonists of Human α9α10 Nicotinic Receptor by Modifications at the Ammonium Ethyl Residue. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10079-10097. [PMID: 35834819 PMCID: PMC9339509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing α9 subunits (α9*-nAChRs) are potential druggable targets arousing great interest for pain treatment alternative to opioids. Nonpeptidic small molecules selectively acting as α9*-nAChRs antagonists still remain an unattained goal. Here, through modifications of the cationic head and the ethylene linker, we have converted the 2-triethylammonium ethyl ether of 4-stilbenol (MG624), a well-known α7- and α9*-nAChRs antagonist, into some selective antagonists of human α9*-nAChR. Among these, the compound with cyclohexyldimethylammonium head (7) stands out for having no α7-nAChR agonist or antagonist effect along with very low affinity at both α7- and α3β4-nAChRs. At supra-micromolar concentrations, 7 and the other selective α9* antagonists behaved as partial agonists at α9*-nAChRs with a very brief response, followed by rebound current once the application is stopped and the channel is disengaged. The small or null postapplication activity of ACh seems to be related to the slow recovery of the rebound current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy,Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Susanna Pucci
- Institute
of Neuroscience, CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy,NeuroMi
Milan Center for Neuroscience, University
of Milano Bicocca, piazza
Ateneo Nuovo 1, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giraudo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Brek Eaton
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Linda Lucero
- Division
of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Institute
of Neuroscience, CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- Institute
of Neuroscience, CNR, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy,Department
of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Paul Whiteaker
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, United States
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy,. Phone: +390250319347
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11
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Appiani R, Pallavicini M, Hamouda AK, Bolchi C. Pyrrolidinyl benzofurans and benzodioxanes: Selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands with different activity profiles at the two receptor stoichiometries. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 65:128701. [PMID: 35346843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic benzofurans bearing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl residue at C(2) or C(3) has been synthesized and tested for affinity at the α4β2 and α3β4 nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). As previously reported for the benzodioxane based analogues, hydroxylation at proper position of benzene ring results in high α4β2 nAChR affinity and α4β2 vs. α3β4 nAChR selectivity. 7-Hydroxy-N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl-1,4-benzodioxane (2) and its 7- and 5-amino benzodioxane analogues 3 and 4, which are all α4β2 nAChR partial agonists, and 2-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-6-hydroxybenzofuran (12) were selected for functional characterization at the two α4β2 stoichiometries, the high sensitivity (α4)2(β2)3 and the low sensitivity (α4)3(β2)2. The benzene pattern substitution, which had previously been found to control α4β2 partial agonist activity and α4β2 vs. α3β4 selectivity, proved to be also involved in stoichiometry-selectivity. The 7-hydroxybenzodioxane derivative 2 selectively activates (α4)2(β2)3 nAChR, which cannot be activated by its 5-amino analogue 4. A marginal structural modification, not altering the base pyrrolidinyl benzodioxane scaffold, resulted in opposite activity profiles at the two α4β2 nAChR isoforms providing an interesting novel case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ayman K Hamouda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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12
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Bertolini V, Pallavicini M, Tibhe G, Roda G, Arnoldi S, Monguzzi L, Zoccola M, Di Nardo G, Gilardi G, Bolchi C. Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Fatty Acids from Fatty Acids by Intermediate α-Chlorination with TCCA under Solvent-Free Conditions: A Way to Valorization of Waste Fat Biomasses. ACS Omega 2021; 6:31901-31906. [PMID: 34870012 PMCID: PMC8637944 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Within food wastes, including edible and inedible parts, fat biomasses represent a significant portion, often uneconomically used or improperly disposed causing pollution issues. Interesting perspectives for their management and valorization could be opened by conversion of fatty acids (FAs), which are their main constituents, into α-hydroxy FAs (α-HFAs), fine chemicals of great, but largely untapped potential, possibly due to current poor availability. Here, a simple and efficient procedure is reported to α-chlorinate FAs with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), a green halogenating agent, under solvent-free conditions and to directly convert the resultant α-chloro FAs, without previous purification, into α-HFAs. The procedure was applied to stearic, palmitic, and myristic acid and, with analogous success, to their mixture, ad hoc created to simulate a FAs mixture obtainable from a fat biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bertolini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gaurao Tibhe
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Monguzzi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marina Zoccola
- Italian
National Research Council, STIIMA, Corso Giuseppe Pella 16, I-13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Giovanna Di Nardo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10113 Torino, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gilardi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università di Torino, via Accademia Albertina 13, I-10113 Torino, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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13
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Abstract
Cyclic ketones were quickly and quantitatively converted to 5-, 6-, and 7-membered lactones, very important synthons, by treatment with Oxone, a cheap, stable, and nonpollutant oxidizing reagent, in 1 M NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4 water solution (pH 7). Under such simple and green conditions, no hydroxyacid was formed, thus making the adoption of more complex and non-eco-friendly procedures previously developed to avoid lactone hydrolysis unnecessary. With some changes, the method was successfully applied also to water-insoluble ketones such as adamantanone, acetophenone, 2-indanone, and the challenging cycloheptanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bertolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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14
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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Casagni E, Manincor EVD, Gambaro V, Cas MD, Roda G. Development and early identification of Cannabis chemotypes during the plant growth: current analytical and chemometric approaches. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1665-1673. [PMID: 34305054 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21r004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification of cannabis chemotypes at an early stage of a plant's growth, which is long before anthesis, has been intensively pursued in order to control the on-target selection of the cultivar type at the beginning of cultivation, so as to avoid economic and legal drawbacks. However, this issue has been systematically addressed by only few and relatively recent studies of analytical chemistry, possibly because result validations require long-term monitoring of the content and ratio of cannabinoids and terpenes in a great number of plant specimens suitably selected and grown. Here, we review the procedures, the chromatographic techniques and the statistics used in topical investigations during the past thirteen years. Through heterogeneous and not easily comparable approaches, they prove the feasibility of chemotypes safe determination within the first month of a plant's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Eleonora Casagni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | | | - Veniero Gambaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano
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15
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Bavo F, Pallavicini M, Appiani R, Bolchi C. Determinants for α4β2 vs. α3β4 Subtype Selectivity of Pyrrolidine-Based nAChRs Ligands: A Computational Perspective with Focus on Recent cryo-EM Receptor Structures. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123603. [PMID: 34204637 PMCID: PMC8231201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of α4β2 nAChR agonists over the α3β4 nicotinic receptor subtype, predominant in ganglia, primarily conditions their therapeutic range and it is still a complex and challenging issue for medicinal chemists and pharmacologists. Here, we investigate the determinants for such subtype selectivity in a series of more than forty α4β2 ligands we have previously reported, docking them into the structures of the two human subtypes, recently determined by cryo-electron microscopy. They are all pyrrolidine based analogues of the well-known α4β2 agonist N-methylprolinol pyridyl ether A-84543 and differ in the flexibility and pattern substitution of their aromatic portion. Indeed, the direct or water mediated interaction with hydrophilic residues of the relatively narrower β2 minus side through the elements decorating the aromatic ring and the stabilization of the latter by facing to the not conserved β2-Phe119 result as key distinctive features for the α4β2 affinity. Consistently, these compounds show, despite the structural similarity, very different α4β2 vs. α3β4 selectivities, from modest to very high, which relate to rigidity/extensibility degree of the portion containing the aromatic ring and to substitutions at the latter. Furthermore, the structural rationalization of the rat vs. human differences of α4β2 vs. α3β4 selectivity ratios is here proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita’degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (M.P.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Dei Cas M, Arnoldi S, Monguzzi L, Casagni E, Morano C, Vieira de Manincor E, Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Gambaro V, Roda G. Characterization of chemotype-dependent terpenoids profile in cannabis by headspace gas-chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114180. [PMID: 34111731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A headspace method called full evaporation technique (FET) coupled to capillary gas chromatography with a mass detector operating in time-of-flight mode (HS-GC/MS-TOF) was developed to characterize the volatile components, especially the terpene fraction, in Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences. This analytical approach allows to reach a high equilibration temperature, that was able to obtain a complete quantification of the volatile components, providing simple sample preparation, specific qualitative detection, high sensitivity, a precise and accurate quantitative determination. The method was applied to 20 cannabis THC-dominant (I) and 13 CBD-dominant (III) chemotypes. The obtained results were then compared with a series of standard solutions consisting of 35 terpenoids and the mass spectra present in a computer library (NIST). The method has an accuracy of more than 90 % and a limit of detection of 5 ppm for all analytes. The main terpenoids in cannabis are namely (% Chemotypes III vs. I of the total terpene content): β-Caryophyllene (25 vs. 19.3), β-Mircene (18.2 vs. 20.0), Terpinolene (12.1 vs. 7.0), α-Humulene (6.5 vs. 8.5), D-Limonene (6.2 vs. 7.2), α-Pinene (5.8 vs. 4.9), β-Pinene (5.0 vs. 5.8) and cis-β-Ocimene (4.3 vs. 5.2), whose presence is confirmed in both plant chemotypes and account for more than 80 % of the total terpenoids amount. The terpenoids which can clearly distinguish the chemotype are α-Terpineol, Linalool, DL-Menthol, α-Cedrene, and Borneol. This application provides important data on the secondary volatile components of the plant, which may be useful for a better understanding of the therapeutic properties of the cannabis phyto-complex. It gives the possibility of establishing the aroma profile of different Cannabis batches, allowing possible similarities between samples and identifying any artificial adulteration such as hexyl butyrate ester and it provides the opportunity to highlight some target compounds characteristic of the different chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Monguzzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Casagni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Camillo Morano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veniero Gambaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Bavo F, Pallavicini M, Gotti C, Appiani R, Moretti M, Colombo SF, Pucci S, Viani P, Budriesi R, Renzi M, Fucile S, Bolchi C. Modifications at C(5) of 2-(2-Pyrrolidinyl)-Substituted 1,4-Benzodioxane Elicit Potent α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonism with High Selectivity over the α3β4 Subtype. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15668-15692. [PMID: 33325696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of diastereomeric 2-(2-pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-benzodioxanes bearing a small, hydrogen-bonding substituent at the 7-, 6-, or 5-position of benzodioxane have been studied for α4β2 and α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor affinity and activity. Analogous to C(5)H replacement with N and to a much greater extent than decoration at C(7), substitution at benzodioxane C(5) confers very high α4β2/α3β4 selectivity to the α4β2 partial agonism. Docking into the two receptor structures recently determined by cryo-electron microscopy and site-directed mutagenesis at the minus β2 side converge in indicating that the limited accommodation capacity of the β2 pocket, compared to that of the β4 pocket, makes substitution at C(5) rather than at more projecting C(7) position determinant for this pursued subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Pucci
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy.,Hunimed University, Via Rita Levi-Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, I-20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Renzi
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.,I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinese 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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18
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Micucci M, Budriesi R, Aldini R, Fato R, Bergamini C, Vivarelli F, Canistro D, Bolchi C, Chiarini A, Rizzardi N, Pallavicini M, Frosini M, Angeletti A. Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract cardiovascular effects in a rat model of high-fat diet. Phytother Res 2020; 35:2145-2156. [PMID: 33295076 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ellagitannins may have a beneficial impact in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) and the efficacy of Castanea sativa Mill. bark extract (ENC) on cardiac and vascular parameters. Rats were fed with regular diet, (RD, n = 15), HFD (n = 15), RD + ENC (20 mg/kg/day by gavage, n = 15), and HFD + ENC (same dose, n = 15) and the effects on body weight, biochemical serum parameters, and inflammatory cytokines determined. Cardiac functional parameters and aorta contractility were also assessed on isolated atria and aorta. Results showed that ENC reduced weight gain and serum lipids induced by HFD. In in vitro assays, HFD decreased the contraction force of left atrium, increased right atrium chronotropy, and decreased aorta K+ -induced contraction; ENC induced transient positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects on isolated atria from RD and HFD rats and a spasmolytic effect on aorta. In ex vivo experiments, ENC reverted inotropic and chronotropic changes induced by HFD and enhanced Nifedipine effect more on aorta than on heart. In conclusion, ENC restores metabolic dysfunction and cardiac cholinergic muscarinic receptor function, and exerts spasmolytic effect on aorta in HFD rats, highlighting its potential as nutraceutical tool in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Aldini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabio Vivarelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Canistro
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Chiarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeletti
- Department of Specialistic, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna. S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Appiani R, Roda G, Pallavicini M. 1,4-Benzodioxane, an evergreen, versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry: A review of its recent applications in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112419. [PMID: 32502862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Benzodioxane has long been a versatile template widely employed to design molecules endowed with diverse bioactivities. Its use spans the last decades of medicinal chemistry until today concerning many strategies of drug discovery, not excluding the most advanced ones. Here, more than fifty benzodioxane-related lead compounds, selected from recent literature, are presented showing the different approaches with which they have been developed. Agonists and antagonists at neuronal nicotinic, α1 adrenergic and serotoninergic receptor subtypes and antitumor and antibacterial agents form the most representative classes, but a variety of other biological targets are addressed by benzodioxane-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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20
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Micucci M, Bolchi C, Budriesi R, Cevenini M, Maroni L, Capozza S, Chiarini A, Pallavicini M, Angeletti A. Antihypertensive phytocomplexes of proven efficacy and well-established use: Mode of action and individual characterization of the active constituents. Phytochemistry 2020; 170:112222. [PMID: 31810054 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension has become the leading risk factor for worldwide cardiovascular diseases. Conventional pharmacological treatment, after both dietary and lifestyle changes, is generally proposed. In this review, we present the antihypertensive properties of phytocomplexes from thirteen plants, long ago widely employed in ethnomedicines and, in recent years, increasingly evaluated for their activity in vitro and in vivo, also in humans, in comparison with synthetic drugs acting on the same systems. Here, we focus on the demonstrated or proposed mechanisms of action of such phytocomplexes and of their constituents proven to exert cardiovascular effects. Almost seventy phytochemicals are described and scientifically sound pertinent literature, published up to now, is summarized. The review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of these natural substances in the treatment of the 'high normal blood pressure' or 'stage 1 hypertension', so-named according to the most recent European and U.S. guidelines, and as a supplementation in more advanced stages of hypertension, however needing further validation by clinical trial intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Micucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - C Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - R Budriesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - M Cevenini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Maroni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Capozza
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - A Chiarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro, 6, 40126, Italy
| | - M Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Angeletti
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S.Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna Italy
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21
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Airoldi V, Piccolo O, Roda G, Appiani R, Bavo F, Tassini R, Paganelli S, Arnoldi S, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Cover Feature: Efficient One-Pot Reductive Aminations of Carbonyl Compounds with Aquivion-Fe as a Recyclable Catalyst and Sodium Borohydride (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2/2020). European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Tassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia; Via Torino 155 30170 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Stefano Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia; Via Torino 155 30170 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
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22
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Airoldi V, Piccolo O, Roda G, Appiani R, Bavo F, Tassini R, Paganelli S, Arnoldi S, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Efficient One-Pot Reductive Aminations of Carbonyl Compounds with Aquivion-Fe as a Recyclable Catalyst and Sodium Borohydride. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Airoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Rebecca Appiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Tassini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia; Via Torino 155 30170 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Stefano Paganelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi; Università Ca' Foscari Venezia; Via Torino 155 30170 Venezia Mestre Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
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Abstract
Synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl and its analogues, are a new public health warning. Clandestine laboratories produce drug analogues at a faster rate than these compounds can be controlled or scheduled by drug agencies. Detection requires specific testing and clinicians may be confronted with a sequence of severe issues concerning the diagnosis and management of these contemporary opioid overdoses. This paper deals with methods for biological sample treatment, as well as the methodologies of analysis that have been reported, in the last decade, in the field of fentanyl-like compounds. From this analysis, it emerges that the gold standard for the identification and quantification of 4-anilinopiperidines is LC-MS/MS, coupled with liquid-liquid or solid-phase extraction. In the end, the return to the scene of illicit fentanyls can be considered as a critical problem that can be tackled only with a global multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Roda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan
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24
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Bavo F, Pucci S, Fasoli F, Lammi C, Moretti M, Mucchietto V, Lattuada D, Viani P, De Palma C, Budriesi R, Corradini I, Dowell C, McIntosh JM, Clementi F, Bolchi C, Gotti C, Pallavicini M. Potent Antiglioblastoma Agents by Hybridizing the Onium-Alkyloxy-Stilbene Based Structures of an α7-nAChR, α9-nAChR Antagonist and of a Pro-Oxidant Mitocan. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10531-10544. [PMID: 30403486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cell lines express α7- and α9α10-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), whose activation promotes tumor cell growth. On these cells, the triethylammoniumethyl ether of 4-stilbenol MG624, a known selective antagonist of α7 and α9α10 nAChRs, has antiproliferative activity. The structural analogy of MG624 with the mitocan RDM-4'BTPI, triphenylphosphoniumbutyl ether of pterostilbene, suggested us that molecular hybridization among their three substructures (stilbenoxy residue, alkylene linker, and terminal onium) and elongation of the alkylene linker might result in novel antitumor agents with higher potency and selectivity. We found that lengthening the ethylene bridge in the triethylammonium derivatives results in more potent and selective toxicity toward adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma cells, which was paralleled by increased α7 and α9α10 nAChR antagonism and improved ability of reducing mitochondrial ATP production. Elongation of the alkylene linker was advantageous also for the triphenylphosphonium derivatives resulting in a generalized enhancement of antitumor activity, associated with increased mitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , I-20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Susanna Pucci
- Institute of Neuroscience , CNR , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy.,Hunimed University , Via Rita Levi-Montalcini 4 , 20090 Pieve Emanuele (MI) , Italy
| | - Francesca Fasoli
- Institute of Neuroscience , CNR , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , I-20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- Institute of Neuroscience , CNR , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Vanessa Mucchietto
- Institute of Neuroscience , CNR , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Donatella Lattuada
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Paola Viani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology , University Hospital "Luigi Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco , Via G. B. Grassi 74 , I-20157 Milano , Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6 , I-40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Irene Corradini
- Institute of Neuroscience , CNR , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Cheryl Dowell
- Department of Biology , University of Utah , 257S.1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- Department of Biology , University of Utah , 257S.1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States.,George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 500 Foothill Drive , Salt Lake City , Utah 84148 , United States.,Department of Psychiatry , University of Utah , 501 Chipeta Way , Salt Lake City , Utah 84108 , United States
| | - Francesco Clementi
- Institute of Neuroscience , CNR , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , I-20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- Institute of Neuroscience , CNR , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Vanvitelli 32 , I-20129 Milano , Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche , Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25 , I-20133 Milano , Italy
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25
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Regazzoni L, Pallavicini M. Preparation of enantiopure methionine, arginine, tryptophan, and proline benzyl esters in green ethers by Fischer–Speier reaction. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1261-1268. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Farè F, Dei Cas M, Arnoldi S, Casagni E, Visconti GL, Parnisari G, Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Gambaro V, Roda G. Determination of Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN) in Skin Care Products by Gaschromatography-Mass Spectrometry Employing an Enhanced Matrix Removal (EMR) Lipid Clean-Up. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Farè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sebastiano Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Eleonora Casagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Giacomo Luca Visconti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Giulia Parnisari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Veniero Gambaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano Italy
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - Gabriella Roda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
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28
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Pallavicini M. Phase Diagrams to Evaluate the Opportunity for Enantiomeric Enrichment of Some Nonracemic Mixtures of Amino Acid Benzyl Esters by Crystallization as p-Toluenesulfonate Salts. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italia
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italia
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italia
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29
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Mucchietto V, Fasoli F, Pucci S, Moretti M, Benfante R, Maroli A, Di Lascio S, Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Dowell C, McIntosh M, Clementi F, Gotti C. α9- and α7-containing receptors mediate the pro-proliferative effects of nicotine in the A549 adenocarcinoma cell line. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:1957-1972. [PMID: 28726253 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tobacco smoke contains many classes of carcinogens and although nicotine is unable to initiate tumourigenesis in humans and rodents, it promotes tumour growth and metastasis in lung tumours by acting on neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs). The aim of this study was to identify molecularly, biochemically and pharmacologically which nAChR subtypes are expressed and functionally activated by nicotine in lung cancer cell lines. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used A549 and H1975 adenocarcinoma cell lines derived from lung tumours to test the in vitro effects of nicotine, and nAChR subtype-specific peptides and compounds. KEY RESULTS The two adenocarcinoma cell lines express distinctive nAChR subtypes, and this affects their nicotine-induced proliferation. In A549 cells, nAChRs containing the α7 or α9 subunits not only regulate nicotine-induced cell proliferation but also the activation of the Akt and ERK pathways. Blocking these nAChRs by means of subtype-specific peptides, or silencing their expression by means of subunit-specific siRNAs, abolishes nicotine-induced proliferation and signalling. Moreover, we found that the α7 antagonist MG624 also acts on α9-α10 nAChRs, blocks the effects of nicotine on A549 cells and has dose-dependent cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results highlight the pathophysiological role of α7- and α9-containing receptors in promoting non-small cell lung carcinoma cell growth and intracellular signalling and provide a framework for the development of new drugs that specifically target the receptors expressed in lung tumours. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Mucchietto
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Milena Moretti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Benfante
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Maroli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Di Lascio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cheryl Dowell
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael McIntosh
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Francesco Clementi
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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31
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Pallavicini M. One-step preparation of enantiopure l- or d-amino acid benzyl esters avoiding the use of banned solvents. Amino Acids 2017; 49:965-974. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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32
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Fumagalli L, Gotti C, Fasoli F, Moretti M, Pallavicini M. Novel 5-substituted 3-hydroxyphenyl and 3-nitrophenyl ethers of S-prolinol as α4β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5613-5617. [PMID: 27818109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of 3-nitrophenyl and 3-hydroxyphenyl ethers of (S)-N-methylprolinol bearing bulky and lipophilic substituents at phenyl C5 were tested for affinity at α4β2 and α3β4 nAChRs. The two phenyl ethers 5-substituted with 6-hydroxy-1-hexynyl showed high α4β2 affinity and significantly increased α4β2/α3β4 selectivity compared to the respective unsubstituted parent compounds. Within the two series of novel phenyl ethers, we observed parallel shifts in affinity and, furthermore, the increase in α4β2/α3β4 selectivity resulting from the hydroxyalkynyl substitution parallels that reported for the same modification at the 3-pyridyl ether of (S)-N-methylprolinol (A-84543), a well-known potent α4β2 agonist. On the basis of these results, our nitrophenyl and hydroxyphenyl prolinol ethers can be considered bioisosteres of the pyridyl ether A-84543 and lead compounds candidable to analogous optimization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Fasoli
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Milena Moretti
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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33
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Bolchi C, Bavo F, Gotti C, Fumagalli L, Fasoli F, Binda M, Mucchietto V, Sciaccaluga M, Plutino S, Fucile S, Pallavicini M. From pyrrolidinyl-benzodioxane to pyrrolidinyl-pyridodioxanes, or from unselective antagonism to selective partial agonism at α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:1132-1144. [PMID: 27810599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Each of the four aromatic -CH= of (S,R)-2-pyrrolidinyl-1,4-benzodioxane [(S,R)-6] and of its epimer at the dioxane stereocenter (S,S)-6, previously reported as α4β2 nAChR ligands, was replaced with nitrogen. The resulting four diastereoisomeric pairs of pyrrolidinyl-pyridodioxanes were studied for the nicotinic affinity and activity at α4β2, α3β4 and α7 nAChR subtypes and compared to their common carbaisostere. It turned out that such isosteric substitutions are highly detrimental, but with the important exception of the S,R stereoisomer of the pyrrolidinyl-pyridodioxane with the pyridine nitrogen adjacent to the dioxane and seven atoms distant from the pyrrolidine nitrogen. Indeed, this stereo/regioisomer not only maintained the α4β2 affinity of [(S,R)-6], but also greatly improved in selectivity over the α3β4 and α7 subtypes and, most importantly, exhibited a highly selective α4β2 partial agonism. The finding that [(S,R)-6] is, instead, an unselective α4β2 antagonist indicates that the benzodioxane substructure confers affinity for the α4β2 nAChR binding site, but activation of this receptor subtype needs benzodioxane functionalization under strict steric requirements, such as the previously reported 7-OH substitution or the present isosteric modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bavo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, I-20129, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Fasoli
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, I-20129, Italy
| | - Matteo Binda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Vanessa Mucchietto
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, I-20129, Italy
| | - Miriam Sciaccaluga
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, via Atinese 18, I-86077, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy
| | - Simona Plutino
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, via Atinese 18, I-86077, Pozzilli (Isernia), Italy; Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy.
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Fumagalli L, Bolchi C, Bavo F, Pallavicini M. Crystallization-based resolution of 1,4-benzodioxane-2-carboxylic acid enantiomers via diastereomeric 1-phenylethylamides. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Straniero V, Pallavicini M, Chiodini G, Zanotto C, Volontè L, Radaelli A, Bolchi C, Fumagalli L, Sanguinetti M, Menchinelli G, Delogu G, Battah B, De Giuli Morghen C, Valoti E. 3-(Benzodioxan-2-ylmethoxy)-2,6-difluorobenzamides bearing hydrophobic substituents at the 7-position of the benzodioxane nucleus potently inhibit methicillin-resistant Sa and Mtb cell division. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:227-43. [PMID: 27191617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic substituents at benzodioxane C (7) of 3-(benzodioxan-2-ylmethoxy)-2,6-difluorobenzamide improve the antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains to MIC values in the range of 0.2-2.5 μg/mL, whereas hydrophilic substituents at the same position and modifications at the benzodioxane substructure, excepting for replacement with 2-cromanyl, are deleterious. Some of the lead compounds also exhibit good activity against Mtb. Parallel SARs to those of 3-(2-benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-2,6-difluorobenzamide, well known FtsZ inhibitor, and cells alterations typical of FtsZ inhibition indicate such a protein as the target of these potent antibacterial benzodioxane-benzamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiodini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biothechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Volontè
- Department of Medical Biothechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, I-2013 Milano, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, Università di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Menchinelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Basem Battah
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, largo Gemelli 8, I-00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo De Giuli Morghen
- Department of Medical Biothechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, Università di Milano, via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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Colciago A, Mornati O, Ferri N, Castelnovo LF, Fumagalli L, Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Valoti E, Negri-Cesi P. A selective alpha1D-adrenoreceptor antagonist inhibits human prostate cancer cell proliferation and motility “in vitro”. Pharmacol Res 2016; 103:215-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bolchi C, Valoti E, Gotti C, Fasoli F, Ruggeri P, Fumagalli L, Binda M, Mucchietto V, Sciaccaluga M, Budriesi R, Fucile S, Pallavicini M. Chemistry and Pharmacology of a Series of Unichiral Analogues of 2-(2-Pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-benzodioxane, Prolinol Phenyl Ether, and Prolinol 3-Pyridyl Ether Designed as α4β2-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26225816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Some unichiral analogues of 2R,2'S-2-(1'-methyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-7-hydroxy-1,4-benzodioxane, a potent and selective α4β2-nAChR partial agonist, were designed by opening dioxane and replacing hydroxyl carbon with nitrogen. The resulting 3-pyridyl and m-hydroxyphenyl ethers have high α4β2 affinity and good subtype selectivity, which get lost if OH is removed from phenyl or the position of pyridine nitrogen is changed. High α4β2 affinity and selectivity are also attained by meta hydroxylating the 3-pyridyl and the phenyl ethers of (S)-N-methylprolinol and the phenyl ether of (S)-2-azetidinemethanol, known α4β2 agonists, although the interaction mode of the aryloxymethylene substructure cannot be assimilated to that of benzodioxane. Indeed, the α4β2 and α3β4 functional tests well differentiate behaviors that the binding tests homologize: both the 3-hydroxyphenyl and the 5-hydroxy-3-pyridyl ether of N-methylprolinol are α4β2 full agonists, but only the latter is highly α4β2/α3β4 selective, while potent and selective partial α4β2 agonism characterizes the hydroxybenzodioxane derivative and its two opened semirigid analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gotti
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, I-20129, Italy
| | - Francesca Fasoli
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, I-20129, Italy
| | - Paola Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Binda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Vanessa Mucchietto
- CNR, Istituto di Neuroscienze, and Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, Milano, I-20129, Italy
| | - Miriam Sciaccaluga
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Via Atinese 18, I-86077, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Roberta Budriesi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna , Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sergio Fucile
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo, Via Atinese 18, I-86077, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza , Piazzale Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano , Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italy
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Bolchi C, Valoti E, Fumagalli L, Straniero V, Ruggeri P, Pallavicini M. Enantiomerically Pure Dibenzyl Esters of l-Aspartic and l-Glutamic Acid. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milan, Italy
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Chiodini G, Pallavicini M, Zanotto C, Bissa M, Radaelli A, Straniero V, Bolchi C, Fumagalli L, Ruggeri P, De Giuli Morghen C, Valoti E. Benzodioxane-benzamides as new bacterial cell division inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 89:252-65. [PMID: 25462242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A SAR study was performed on 3-substituted 2,6-difluorobenzamides, known inhibitors of the essential bacterial cell division protein FtsZ, through a series of modifications first of 2,6-difluoro-3-nonyloxybenzamide and then of its 3-pyridothiazolylmethoxy analogue PC190723. The study led to the identification of chiral 2,6-difluorobenzamides bearing 1,4-benzodioxane-2-methyl residue at the 3-position as potent antistaphylococcal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Chiodini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanotto
- Department of Medical Biothechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-2013 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonia Radaelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-2013 Milano, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, Università di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo De Giuli Morghen
- Department of Medical Biothechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Section, Università di Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, I-20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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Bolchi C, Valoti E, Fumagalli L, Ruggeri P, Straniero V, Pallavicini M. Simple Process for the Preparation of Cetyltrimethylammonium Naproxenate (Naprocet). Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500175v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Paola Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
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Bolchi C, Valoti E, Straniero V, Ruggeri P, Pallavicini M. From 2-aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane enantiomers to unichiral 2-cyano- and 2-carbonyl-substituted benzodioxanes via dichloroamine. J Org Chem 2014; 79:6732-7. [PMID: 24945589 DOI: 10.1021/jo500964y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Substituted 1,4-benzodioxanes, such as 2-cyano-, 2-methoxycarbonyl-, 2-aminocarbonyl-, and 2-formyl-1,4-benzodioxane, are key synthons that for the most part are never described as enantiomers or are inadequately characterized for enantiomeric purity. They were prepared by quantitative N,N-dichlorination of (R)- and (S)-2-aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane and successive functional group conversions in high yields without any racemization of the stereogenic benzodioxane C(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione "Pietro Pratesi", Università degli Studi di Milano , via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italia
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Straniero V, Pallavicini M, Chiodini G, Ruggeri P, Fumagalli L, Bolchi C, Corsini A, Ferri N, Ricci C, Valoti E. Farnesyltransferase inhibitors: CAAX mimetics based on different biaryl scaffolds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2924-7. [PMID: 24821376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mimetics of the C-terminal CAAX tetrapeptide of Ras protein were designed as farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitors (FTIs) by replacing AA with o-aryl or o-heteroaryl substituted p-hydroxy- or p-aminobenzoic acid, while maintaining the replacement of C with 1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl or 2-amino-4-thiazolylacetyl residue as in previous CAAX mimetics. Both FTase inhibition and antiproliferative effect were showed by two thiazole derivatives, namely those with 1-naphthyl (10 and 10a) or 3-furanyl (15 and 15a) in the central spacer, and by the benzodioxane derivative with 2-thienyl (6 and 6a) in the same position. Accumulation of unprenylated RAS was demonstrated in cells incubated with 15a. Consistently with FTIs literature, such results delineate the biaryl scaffold not only as a spacer but also as a sensible area of these mimetic molecules, where modifications at the branching aromatic ring are not indifferent and should be matter of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiodini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy; Multimedica IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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Bolchi C, Valoti E, Binda M, Fasoli F, Ferrara R, Fumagalli L, Gotti C, Matucci R, Vistoli G, Pallavicini M. Design, synthesis and binding affinity of acetylcholine carbamoyl analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6481-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Fumagalli L, Pallavicini M, Budriesi R, Bolchi C, Canovi M, Chiarini A, Chiodini G, Gobbi M, Laurino P, Micucci M, Straniero V, Valoti E. 6-methoxy-7-benzofuranoxy and 6-methoxy-7-indolyloxy analogues of 2-[2-(2,6-Dimethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane (WB4101):1 discovery of a potent and selective α1D-adrenoceptor antagonist. J Med Chem 2013; 56:6402-12. [PMID: 23902232 DOI: 10.1021/jm400867d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Previous results have shown that replacement of one of the two o-methoxy groups at the phenoxy residue of the potent, but not subtype-selective, α1-AR antagonist (S)-WB4101 [(S)-1] by phenyl, or by ortho,meta-fused cyclohexane, or especially by ortho,meta-fused benzene preferentially elicits α1D-AR antagonist affinity. Such observations inspired the design of four new analogues of 1 bearing, in lieu of the 2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy residue, a 6-methoxy-substituted 7-benzofuranoxy or 7-indolyloxy group or, alternatively, their corresponding 2,3-dihydro form. Of these new compounds, which maintain, rigidified, the characteristic ortho heterodisubstituted phenoxy substructure of 1, the S enantiomer of the dihydrobenzofuranoxy derivative exhibited the highest α1D-AR antagonist affinity (pA2 9.58) with significant α1D/α1A and α1D/α1B selectivity. In addition, compared both to α1D-AR antagonists structurally related to 1 and to the well-known α1D-AR antagonist BMY7378, this derivative had modest 5-HT1A affinity and neutral α1-AR antagonist behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Fumagalli L, Ruggeri P, Valoti E. Diastereomeric 2-aminomethyl-1,4-benzodioxane mandelates: phase diagrams and resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Fumagalli L, Straniero V, Valoti E. One-Pot Racemization Process of 1-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: A Key Intermediate for the Antimuscarinic Agent Solifenacin. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op300343q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli
25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli
25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli
25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli
25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Mangiagalli
25, I-20133, Milano, Italia
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Fumagalli L, Pallavicini M, Budriesi R, Gobbi M, Straniero V, Zagami M, Chiodini G, Bolchi C, Chiarini A, Micucci M, Valoti E. Affinity and activity profiling of unichiral 8-substituted 1,4-benzodioxane analogues of WB4101 reveals a potent and selective α1B-adrenoceptor antagonist. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 58:184-91. [PMID: 23124215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Unichiral 8-substituted analogues of 2-[(2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethyl)aminomethyl]-1,4-benzodioxane (WB4101) were synthesized and tested for binding affinity at cloned human α(1a)-, α(1b)-and α(1d)-adrenoreceptor (α(1a)-, α(1b)-and α(1d)-AR) and at native rat 5-HT(1A) receptor and for antagonist affinity at α(1A)-, α(1B)-and α(1D)-AR and at α(2A/D)-AR. Among the selected 8-substituents, namely fluorine, chlorine, methoxyl and hydroxyl, only the last caused significant decrease of α(1) binding affinity in comparison with the lead compound. Functional tests on the S isomers confirmed the detrimental effect of OH positioned in proximity to benzodioxane O(1). For the other three substituents (F, Cl, OMe), the α(1A) and the α(1D) antagonist affinities were generally lower than the α(1a) and α(1d) binding affinities, but not the α(1B) antagonist affinity, which was similar and sensibly higher compared to α(1b) binding affinity in the case of F and OMe respectively. This trend confers significant α(1B)-AR selectivity, in particular, to the 8-methoxy analogue of (S)-WB4101, a new potent (pA(2) 9.58) α(1B)-AR antagonist. The S enantiomers of all the tested compounds were proved to act as α(1)-AR inverse agonists in a vascular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Milano, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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Vistoli G, Straniero V, Pedretti A, Fumagalli L, Bolchi C, Pallavicini M, Valoti E, Testa B. Predicting the physicochemical profile of diastereoisomeric histidine-containing dipeptides by property space analysis. Chirality 2012; 24:566-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Valentina Straniero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Ermanno Valoti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche “Pietro Pratesi”, Facoltà di Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Bernard Testa
- Dept of Pharmacy; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne Switzerland
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Bolchi C, Gotti C, Binda M, Fumagalli L, Pucci L, Pistillo F, Vistoli G, Valoti E, Pallavicini M. Unichiral 2-(2'-pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-benzodioxanes: the 2R,2'S diastereomer of the N-methyl-7-hydroxy analogue is a potent α4β2- and α6β2-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7588-601. [PMID: 21942635 DOI: 10.1021/jm200937t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of unichiral 7-substituted 2-(1'-methyl-2'-pyrrolidinyl)-1,4-benzodioxanes were synthesized and tested for the affinity for the α4β2 and α7 central nicotinic receptors; the 2R,2'S diastereomer of the 7-OH analogue [(R,S)-7], unique in the series, has a high α4β2 affinity (12nM K(i)). N-Demethylation and configuration inversion of the stereocenters greatly weaken its α4β2 affinity, confirming that such a rigid molecule can be considered a new template for α4β2 ligands. Docking analysis showed how (R,S)-7 is capable of strongly and specifically interacting with the amino acidic counterpart of the α4β2 receptor binding site. Further pharmacological characterization demonstrated that (R,S)-7 also has a high affinity for the α6β2 receptor, and in vitro functional tests indicated that it is a potent α4β2 and α6β2 partial agonist, with modest affinity and potency for the α3β4 receptor. Comparison with varenicline, a well-known nicotinic partial agonist used as a smoking cessation aid, interestingly reveals similar nicotinoid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bolchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Pietro Pratesi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italia
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