1
|
D'Anania O, Romano E, Barone V, Talarico G. Predicting the propene stereoselectivity on transition metal catalysts: A daunting task for density functional theory. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:1483-1492. [PMID: 38470153 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to recent developments in hardware and software, quantum chemical methods are increasingly used for interpreting the complex mechanisms underlying polymerization reaction by homogeneous catalysis. Unfortunately, the dimensions of even the smallest realistic models are too large to permit the use of state-of-the-art composite wave function methods. Under these circumstances, density functional theory still offers the best compromise between cost and accuracy. However, comprehensive benchmarks of different functionals are not yet available for this important research field. The main aim of the present paper is to fill this gap by performing an unbiased comparison of several density functionals and continuum solvent models for the stereo-control in the propylene polymerization on prototypical catalysts inducing different reaction mechanisms. While it was not possible to define a unique computational protocol providing the best results in all the situations, the B3PW91 functional in conjunction with D3 empirical dispersions and the solvent model density solvent model performs remarkably well for three out of the four investigated catalysts. Under such circumstances, it is recommended to compare the results delivered by different models when approaching additional classes of catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga D'Anania
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Napoli, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eugenio Romano
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Napoli, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Talarico
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kulyabin PS, Sharikov MI, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Goryunov GP, Alexeev NV, Uborsky DV, Vittoria A, Antinucci G, Ehm C, Budzelaar PHM, Cipullo R, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ. Triptycene as a scaffold in metallocene catalyzed olefin polymerization. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9516-9525. [PMID: 38767874 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01170h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
A set of metallocene olefin polymerization catalysts bearing triptycene moieties in either position 4-5 (complexes Ty1-Ty5) or in position 5-6 (complexes Ty6-Ty8) of the basic dimethylsilyl-bridged bis(indenyl) system has been tested in propene polymerization and in ethene/1-hexene copolymerization. Comparison of the results with QSPR (quantitative structure-property relationship) predictions not parametrized for these exotic ligand variations demonstrates that trends can still be identified by extrapolation. Interestingly, Ty7, upon suitable activation, provides a highly isotactic polypropylene with an exceptional amount of 2,1 regio-errors (8%). The previously developed QSPR type models successfully predicted the low regioselectivity of this catalyst, despite the fact that the catalyst structure differs significantly from the benchmark set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail I Sharikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikita V Alexeev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Collins S, Linnolahti M. Sheet Models for Methylaluminoxane (MAO) Activators? A Theoretical Case Study involving rac-Me 2Si(η 5-C 9H 6) 2Zr (SBIZr) Complexes. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300856. [PMID: 38469662 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Activation of SBIZrMe2 or SBIZrMeCl and a sheet model for an active component of hydrolytic MAO, (MeAlO)16(Me3Al)6, (16,6) has been studied by DFT. Contact ion-pair formation occurs through the intermediacy of SBIZrMe(Cl) or SBIZrMe2 reacting with sheet 16,6 to furnish SBIZrMe-μ-X(MeAlO)16(Me3Al)6 (2, X=Me, Cl). Contact ion-pairs 2 would be in equilibrium with heterodinuclear catalyst precursors [SBIZrMe2AlMe2][(MeAlO)16(Me3Al)6X] (3 (X=Me, Cl) through reversible binding of Me3Al at higher Al : Zr ratios. Calculations show that formation of ion-pairs 3 from contact ion-pairs 2 is more favourable for the SBIZr compared with the parent Cp2Zr complexes. TD-DFT calculations were conducted on relevant SBIZr complexes to relate the results to earlier spectroscopic studies of catalyst activation using UV-Vis spectroscopy. Finally, propene insertion into ion-pairs 2, SBIZrMe-μ-MeB(C6F5)3 (6) and [SBIZrMe][B(C6F5)4] (7) was studied at M06-2X/TZVP level of theory. These studies suggest that contact ion-pairs 2 are significantly less reactive towards insertion than 6 or 7, in disagreement with experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80100, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, Yliopistokatu 7, FI-80100, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Zhang J, Sun M, Li H, Lei M, Huang Q. Ethylene/Polar Monomer Copolymerization by [N, P] Ti Complexes: Polar Copolymers with Ultrahigh-Molecular Weight. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15030-15039. [PMID: 38585117 PMCID: PMC10993284 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A series of novel titanium complexes (2a-2e) bearing [N, P] aniline-chlorodiphenylphosphine ligands (1a-1e) featuring CH3 and F substituents have been synthesized and characterized. Surprisingly, in the presence of polar additive, the complexes (2a-2e) all displayed high catalytic activities (up to 1.04 × 106 gPolymer (mol·Ti)-1·h-1 and produced copolymer with the ultrahigh molecular weight up to 1.37 × 106 g/mol. The catalytic activities are significantly enhanced by introducing electron-withdrawing group (F) into the aniline aromatic ring. Especially, the increase in activity based on different complexes followed the order of 2e > 2d > 2c > 2b > 2a. Simultaneously, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to probe the polymerization mechanism as well as the electronic and steric effects of various substituents on the catalyst backbone. DFT computation revealed that the polymerization behaviors could be adjusted by the electronic effect of ligand substituents; however, it has little to do with the steric hindrance of the substituents. Furthermore, theoretical calculation results keep well in accordance with experimental measurement results. The article provided an appealing design method that the employment of fluorine atom as electron-withdrawing to be studied is the promotive effect of transition-metal coordination polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjiao Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, College of Material Science
and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, College of Material Science
and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Min Sun
- The
State Key Laboratory of Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering
(RIPP, SINPPEC), Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hongming Li
- Petrochemical
Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Ming Lei
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qigu Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of
Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, College of Material Science
and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dall’Anese A, Kulyabin PS, Uborsky DV, Vittoria A, Ehm C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Tensi L, Macchioni A, Zuccaccia C. Octahedral Zirconium Salan Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization: Substituent and Solvent Effects on Structure and Dynamics. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16021-16037. [PMID: 37725565 PMCID: PMC10548417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Group 4 metal-Salan olefin polymerization catalysts typically have relatively low activity, being slowed down by a pre-equilibrium favoring a non-polymerization active resting state identified as a mer-mer isomer (MM); formation of the polymerization active fac-fac species (FF) requires isomerization. We now show that the chemistry is more subtle than previously realized. Salan variations bearing large, flat substituents can achieve very high activity, and we ascribe this to the stabilization of the FF isomer, which becomes lower in energy than MM. Detailed in situ NMR studies of a fast (o-anthracenyl) and a slow (o-tBu) Salan precursors, suitably activated, indicate that preferred isomers in solution are different: the fast catalyst prefers FF while the slow catalyst prefers a highly distorted MM geometry. Crystal structures of the activated o-anthracenyl substituted complex with a moderately (chlorobenzene) and, more importantly, a weakly coordinating solvent (toluene) in the first coordination sphere emphasize that the active FF isomer is preferred, at least for the benzyl species. Site epimerization (SE) barriers for the fast catalyst (ΔS > 0, dissociative) and the slow catalyst (ΔS < 0, associative) in toluene corroborate the solvent role. Diagnostic NMe 13C chemical shift differences allow unambiguous detection of FF or MM geometries for seven activated catalysts in different solvents, highlighting the role of solvent coordination strength and bulkiness of the ortho-substituent on the isomer equilibrium. For the first time, active polymeryl species of Zr-Salan catalysts were speciated. The slow catalyst is effectively trapped in the inactive MM state, as previously suggested. Direct observation of fast catalysts is hampered by their high reactivity, but the product of the first 1-hexene insertion maintains its FF geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dall’Anese
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via dell’Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department
of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via dell’Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università
degli Studi di Perugia, Via dell’Elce di sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hierlmeier G, Tosatti P, Puentener K, Chirik PJ. Arene Insertion with Pincer-Supported Molybdenum-Hydrides: Determination of Site Selectivity, Relative Rates, and Arene Complex Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21027-21039. [PMID: 37704186 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphino(oxazoline)pyridine-supported molybdenum(0) cycloocta-1,5-diene complexes is described. Exposure of these complexes to dihydrogen in the presence of an arene resulted in insertion of the substrate into the molybdenum hydride bond and afforded the corresponding molybdenum cyclohexadienyl hydrides. For mono- and disubstituted arenes, the site selectivity for insertion of the most substituted bond increases with increasing size of the substituent from methyl to ethyl, iso-propyl, and tert-butyl. In contrast, 1,3,5-trisubstituted arenes underwent insertion with exclusive site selectivity. Relative rates of insertion were determined by competition experiments and established faster insertions for electron-rich arenes. Introduction of electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl groups on the arene resulted in decreased relative rates of insertion and an increased rate for H2 reductive elimination, favoring formation of the corresponding molybdenum η6-arene complex. Studies on the reductive elimination of the cyclohexadienyl ligand with the hydride enabled the synthesis of an enantioenriched cyclohexa-1,3-diene. This study provides new insights into the ligand requirements for catalytic arene hydrogenation and a new strategy for selective arene reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Hierlmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paolo Tosatti
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt Puentener
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul J Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maley SM, Lief GR, Buck RM, Sydora OL, Yang Q, Bischof SM, Ess DH. Density functional theory and CCSD(T) evaluation of ionization potentials, redox potentials, and bond energies related to zirconocene polymerization catalysts. J Comput Chem 2023; 44:506-515. [PMID: 35662063 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-mechanical-based computational design of molecular catalysts requires accurate and fast electronic structure calculations to determine and predict properties of transition-metal complexes. For Zr-based molecular complexes related to polyethylene catalysis, previous evaluation of density functional theory (DFT) and wavefunction methods only examined oxides and halides or select reaction barrier heights. In this work, we evaluate the performance of DFT against experimental redox potentials and bond dissociation enthalpies (BDEs) for zirconocene complexes directly relevant to ethylene polymerization catalysis. We also examined the ability of DFT to compute the fourth atomic ionization potential of zirconium and the effect the basis set selection has on the ionization potential computed with CCSD(T). Generally, the atomic ionization potential and redox potentials are very well reproduced by DFT, but we discovered relatively large deviations of DFT-calculated BDEs compared to experiment. However, evaluation of BDEs with CCSD(T) suggests that experimental values should be revisited, and our CCSD(T) values should be taken as most accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Maley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Graham R Lief
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Richard M Buck
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Orson L Sydora
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Kingwood, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Steven M Bischof
- Research and Technology, Chevron Phillips Chemical Company, Kingwood, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel H Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Antinucci G, Dereli B, Vittoria A, Budzelaar PHM, Cipullo R, Goryunov GP, Kulyabin PS, Uborsky DV, Cavallo L, Ehm C, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V. Selection of Low-Dimensional 3-D Geometric Descriptors for Accurate Enantioselectivity Prediction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Antinucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Busra Dereli
- Catalysis Research Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Catalysis Research Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O.
Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Louis-Goff T, Trinh HV, Chen E, Rheingold AL, Ehm C, Hyvl J. Stabilizing Effect of Pre-equilibria: A Trifluoromethyl Complex as a CF 2 Reservoir in Catalytic Olefin Difluorocarbenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Louis-Goff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Huu Vinh Trinh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Eileen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Jakub Hyvl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai‘i at Ma̅noa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Zaccaria F, Urciuoli G, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ, Uborsky DV, Ehm C, Cipullo R. Hafnium vs. Zirconium, the Perpetual Battle for Supremacy in Catalytic Olefin Polymerization: A Simple Matter of Electrophilicity? Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2621. [PMID: 34451163 PMCID: PMC8400551 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of C2-symmetric ansa-hafnocene catalysts for isotactic polypropylene typically deteriorates at increasing temperature much faster than that of their zirconium analogues. Herein, we analyze in detail a set of five Hf/Zr metallocene pairs-including some of the latest generation catalysts-at medium- to high-polymerization temperature. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for stereoselectivity, the ratio allyl/vinyl chain ends, and 2,1/3,1 misinsertions in the polymer indicate a strong dependence of polymerization performance on electrophilicity of the catalyst, which is a function of the ligand framework and the metal center. Based on this insight, the stronger performance decline of hafnocenes is ascribed to electrophilicity-dependent stabilization effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Georgy P Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyatcheslav V Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Samsonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Universitaà di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gaia Urciuoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H M Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alexander Z Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Vittoria A, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Methylaluminoxane’s Molecular Cousin: A Well-defined and “Complete” Al-Activator for Molecular Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zorve P, Linnolahti M. Catalytic reactions on magnesium dichloride clusters saturated by titanium tetrachloride. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2020.111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Kane AQ, Esper AM, Searles K, Ehm C, Veige AS. Probing β-alkyl elimination and selectivity in polyolefin hydrogenolysis through DFT. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A long chain substrate with [(SiO)3ZrH] has been investigated to elucidate selectivity rules in β-alkyl elimination. DFT studies indicate that polypropylene preferentially undergoes β-Me elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Q. Kane
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alec M. Esper
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Keith Searles
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Adam S. Veige
- University of Florida, Department of Chemistry, Center for Catalysis, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Comparison of the Reactivity and Structures for the Neutral and Cationic Bis(imino)pyridyl Iron and Cobalt Species by DFT Calculations. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10121396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) method was adopted to investigate and compare the reaction mechanisms of ethylene polymerization catalyzed by neutral, cationic bis(imino)pyridyl (PDI) iron and cobalt derivatives. The electronic structure and the oxidation states of the metal center and the PDI ligand were analyzed by taking spin states, natural bond orbital (NBO) charge distribution, etc. into consideration, revealing that the reactivity is closely related to the valence electron numbers instead of the charge numbers. The neutral Co(0) had the lowest reactivity as it possessed the most electrons. During the formation of the cationic Co(+)/Fe(+), one electron was mainly lost from PDI ligand rather than the metal center while the metal center maintained +II valence state through the process. Moreover, a special unsymmetrically bidentate N^N coordination manner was found to provide the deficient metal surroundings with 14e, which may initiate the reactivity of some unsymmetrical species with rich electrons. Finally, an anion [AlMe4]− participating process was proposed to explain the presence of the experimentally observed LCo(+)B(C2H4). A special intermediate, Co(+)B(C2H4) [AlMe4]− with Co in +I and absence of Co–C σ bond, was obtained. These calculation results may provide fundamental information for further understanding and designing the ethylene polymerization catalysts.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Kulyabin PS, Di Girolamo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. A Systematic Study of the Temperature-Induced Performance Decline of ansa-Metallocenes for iPP. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Di Girolamo R, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. An Integrated High Throughput Experimentation/Predictive QSAR Modeling Approach to ansa-Zirconocene Catalysts for Isotactic Polypropylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1005. [PMID: 32349220 PMCID: PMC7284373 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to heterogenous Ziegler-Natta systems (ZNS), ansa-metallocene catalysts for the industrial production of isotactic polypropylene feature a higher cost-to-performance balance. In particular, the C2-symmetric bis(indenyl) ansa-zirconocenes disclosed in the 1990s are complex to prepare, less stereo- and/or regioselective than ZNS, and lose performance at practical application temperatures. The golden era of these complexes, though, was before High Throughput Experimentation (HTE) could contribute significantly to their evolution. Herein, we illustrate a Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationship (QSAR) model trained on a robust and highly accurate HTE database. The clear-box QSAR model utilizes, in particular, a limited number of chemically intuitive 3D geometric descriptors that screen various regions of space in and around the catalytic pocket in a modular way thus enabling to quantify individual substituent contributions. The main focus of the paper is on the methodology, which should be of rather broad applicability in molecular organometallic catalysis. Then again, it is worth emphasizing that the specific application reported here led us to identify in a comparatively short time novel zirconocene catalysts rivaling or even outperforming all previous homologues which strongly indicates that the metallocene story is not over yet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg V. Samsonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rocco Di Girolamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (G.P.G.); (V.V.I.); (D.S.K.); (O.V.S.); (A.Z.V.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.V.); (R.D.G.); (P.H.M.B.); (V.B.)
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zaccaria F, Budzelaar PHM, Cipullo R, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Reactivity Trends of Lewis Acidic Sites in Methylaluminoxane and Some of Its Modifications. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5751-5759. [PMID: 32271565 PMCID: PMC7997381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The established model cluster (AlOMe)16(AlMe3)6 for methylaluminoxane (MAO) cocatalyst has been studied by density functional theory, aiming to rationalize the different behaviors of unmodified MAO and TMA-depleted MAO/BHT (TMA = trimethylaluminum; BHT = 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), highlighted in previous experimental studies. The tendency of the three model Lewis acidic sites A-C to release neutral Al fragments (i.e., AlMe2R; R = Me or bht) or transient aluminum cations (i.e., [AlMeR]+) has been investigated both in the absence and in the presence of neutral N-donors. Sites C are most likely responsible for the activation capabilities of TMA-rich MAO, but TMA depletion destabilizes them, possibly inducing structural rearrangements. The remaining sites A and B, albeit of lower Lewis acidity, should be still able to release cationic Al fragments when TMA-depleted modified MAOs are treated with N-donors (e.g. [AlMe(bht)]+ from MAO/BHT). These findings provide tentative interpretations for earlier observations of donor-dependent ionization tendencies of MAO and MAO/BHT and how TMA depleted MAOs can still be potent activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cuthbert ENT, Vittoria A, Cipullo R, Busico V, Budzelaar PHM. Structure-Activity Relationships for Bis(phenolate-ether) Zr/Hf Propene Polymerization Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N. T. Cuthbert
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; 144 Dysart Road MB R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Canada
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; 144 Dysart Road MB R3T 2N2 Winnipeg Canada
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI); P.O. Box 902 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli “Federico II”; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Uborsky DV, Mladentsev DY, Guzeev BA, Borisov IS, Vittoria A, Ehm C, Cipullo R, Hendriksen C, Friederichs N, Busico V, Voskoboynikov AZ. C1-Symmetric Si-bridged (2-indenyl)(1-indenyl) ansa-metallocenes as efficient ethene/1-hexene copolymerization catalysts. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3015-3025. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04896k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, ethene/1-hexene copolymerization screening, and QSAR study of 28 silicon bridged (2-indenyl)(1-indenyl) zirconocenes: new promising catalysts for LLDPE were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | | | - Bogdan A. Guzeev
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Ilya S. Borisov
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- 119991 Moscow
- Russia
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | - Coen Hendriksen
- SABIC
- Technology and Innovation Department
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Nic Friederichs
- SABIC
- Technology and Innovation Department
- 6167 RD Geleen
- The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
- Università di Napoli Federico II
- 80126 Napoli
- Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Izmer VV, Kononovich DS, Samsonov OV, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. On the limits of tuning comonomer affinity of ‘Spaleck-type’ ansa-zirconocenes in ethene/1-hexene copolymerization: a high-throughput experimentation/QSAR approach. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10162-10172. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01967d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A change in rate-limiting step imparts a natural limit for comonomer affinity of C2-symmetric zirconocenes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Izmer VV, Lebedev AY, Kononovich DS, Borisov IS, Kulyabin PS, Goryunov GP, Uborsky DV, Canich JAM, Voskoboynikov AZ. ansa-Metallocenes Bearing 4-(N-Azolyl)-2-methylindenyl and Related Ligands: Development of Highly Isoselective Catalysts for Propene Polymerization at Higher Temperatures. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vyatcheslav V. Izmer
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Artem Y. Lebedev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Kononovich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya S. Borisov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jo Ann M. Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering Complex, ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 5200 Bayway Drive, Baytown, Texas 77520, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Orimoto Y, Shirane S, Aoki Y. Extent of structural change during the reaction and its relationship to isoselectivity in polypropylene polymerization with ansa-zirconocene/borate catalyst: A computational study. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2622-2635. [PMID: 31396976 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) polymerization with an (R,R)-ansa-zirconocene/borate catalyst system was analyzed using quantum chemistry (QC) calculations by focusing on the extent of structural change during monomer insertion. The activation energy for migratory insertion, Ea , was compared for four possible reaction paths with regard to monomer coordination, that is, 1,2-re, 1,2-si, 2,1-si, and 2,1-re, until the seventh monomer insertion step, explicitly including a borate anion cocatalyst. This indicated that the 1,2-re path was most favorable, except for the first step, which favored 1,2-si. As far as the first step, the product of 1,2-si is a conformational isomer to that of the 1,2-re path, and the exceptional favorability of 1,2-si does not affect the isoselectivity. These results support previous studies, except that our results address the unexplored seventh insertion step with a borate anion cocatalyst by QC calculations. The isoselectivity correlated with the extent of structural change in the whole system during the reaction. It was proved from our detail analysis that the advantage of 1,2-re with a small Ea is attributed to its smaller structural changes due to low steric repulsion in the system compared with other paths. Conversely, larger repulsion in the systems involved in other paths results in larger structural changes to minimize the structural strain. However, the relaxation appears insufficient due to structural restriction of the enforced four-membered ring transition state structure. A borate anion cocatalyst broke the C2 symmetry of the electronic structures of zirconocene, resulting in an odd-even Ea frequency for the monomer insertion. Molecular orbital analysis demonstrated that the d-π orbital overlaps can explain the approach direction of the olefin coordination and the bent structure of zirconocene, providing a different viewpoint from previous studies. The potential for catalyst control was discussed based on our results. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuichi Orimoto
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Satoru Shirane
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuriko Aoki
- Department of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Park, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Hon-chou, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. On the Nature of the Lewis Acidic Sites in “TMA‐Free” Phenol‐Modified Methylaluminoxane. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC Università di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Andrella NO, Xu N, Gabidullin BM, Ehm C, Baker RT. Selective Copper Complex-Catalyzed Hydrodefluorination of Fluoroalkenes and Allyl Fluorides: A Tale of Two Mechanisms. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11506-11521. [PMID: 31305996 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The transition to more economically friendly small-chain fluorinated groups is leading to a resurgence in the synthesis and reactivity of fluoroalkenes. One versatile method to obtain a variety of commercially relevant hydrofluoroalkenes involves the catalytic hydrodefluorination (HDF) of fluoroalkenes using silanes. In this work it is shown that copper hydride complexes of tertiary phosphorus ligands (L) can be tuned to achieve selective multiple HDF of fluoroalkenes. In one example, HDF of the hexafluoropropene dimer affords a single isomer of heptafluoro-2-methylpentene in which five fluorines have been selectively replaced with hydrogens. DFT computational studies suggest a distinct HDF mechanisms for L2CuH (bidentate or bulky monodentate phosphines) and L3CuH (small cone angle monodentate phosphines) catalysts, allowing for stereocontrol of the HDF of trifluoroethylene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas O Andrella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , 30 Marie Curie , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Nancy Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , 30 Marie Curie , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Bulat M Gabidullin
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , 30 Marie Curie , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Napoli Federico II , Via Cintia 80126 Napoli , Italy
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation , 30 Marie Curie , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulyabin PS, Goryunov GP, Mladentsev DY, Uborsky DV, Voskoboynikov AZ, Canich JAM, Hagadorn JR. Reactivity of
C
1
‐Symmetric Heteroarylamido Hafnium Complexes towards Unsaturated Electrophilic Molecules: Development of New Families of Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Chemistry 2019; 25:10478-10489. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Y. Mladentsev
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of ChemistryM. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Leninskie Gory, 1/3 Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
| | - Jo Ann M. Canich
- Baytown Technology and Engineering ComplexExxonMobil Chemical Company Baytown TX 77520 USA
| | - John R. Hagadorn
- Baytown Technology and Engineering ComplexExxonMobil Chemical Company Baytown TX 77520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Separating Electronic from Steric Effects in Ethene/α-Olefin Copolymerization: A Case Study on Octahedral [ONNO] Zr-Catalysts. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7060384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four Cl/Me substituted [ONNO] Zr-catalysts have been tested in ethene/α-olefin polymerization. Replacing electron-donating methyl with isosteric but electron-withdrawing chlorine substituents results in a significant increase of comonomer incorporation. Exploration of steric and electronic properties of the ancillary ligand by DFT confirm that relative reactivity ratios are mainly determined by the electrophilicity of the metal center. Furthermore, quantitative DFT modeling of propagation barriers that determine polymerization kinetics reveals that electronic effects observed in these catalysts affect relative barriers for insertion and a capture-like transition state (TS).
Collapse
|
27
|
Deraet X, Woller T, Van Lommel R, De Proft F, Verniest G, Alonso M. A Benchmark of Density Functional Approximations For Thermochemistry and Kinetics of Hydride Reductions of Cyclohexanones. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:788-806. [PMID: 31293871 PMCID: PMC6594353 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of density functionals and wavefunction methods for describing the thermodynamics and kinetics of hydride reductions of 2-substituted cyclohexanones has been evaluated for the first time. A variety of exchange correlation functionals ranging from generalized gradient approximations to double hybrids have been tested and their performance to describe the facial selectivity of hydride reductions of cyclohexanones has been carefully assessed relative to the CCSD(T) method. Among the tested methods, an approach in which single-point energy calculations using the double hybrid B2PLYP-D3 functional on ωB97X-D optimized geometries provides the most accurate transition state energies for these kinetically-controlled reactions. Moreover, the role of torsional strain, temperature, solvation, noncovalent interactions on the stereoselectivity of these reductions was elucidated. Our results indicate a prominent role of the substituent on the cis/trans ratios driven by the delicate interplay between torsional strain and dispersion interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Deraet
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 ElseneBrusselsBelgium
| | - Tatiana Woller
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 ElseneBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ruben Van Lommel
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 ElseneBrusselsBelgium
- Molecular Design and SynthesisDepartment of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F Leuven Chem&Tech, box 24043001LeuvenBelgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 ElseneBrusselsBelgium
| | - Guido Verniest
- Research group of Organic Chemistry (ORGC), Departments of Bio-engineering Sciences and ChemistryVrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 ElseneBrusselsBelgium
| | - Mercedes Alonso
- Department of General Chemistry (ALGC)Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)Pleinlaan 21050 ElseneBrusselsBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. BHT-Modified MAO: Cage Size Estimation, Chemical Counting of Strongly Acidic Al Sites, and Activation of a Ti-Phosphinimide Precatalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rahimi N, Herbert DE, Budzelaar PHM. Formation and Rearrangement of Reduced Diiminepyridine Complexes of Zr and Hf. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naser Rahimi
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - David E. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry University of Manitoba 144 Dysart Road R3T 2N2 Winnipeg MB Canada
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cintia 4 80126 Napoli Italia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zaccaria F, Zuccaccia C, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Macchioni A, Busico V, Ehm C. Toluene and α-Olefins as Radical Scavengers: Direct NMR Evidence for Homolytic Chain Transfer Mechanism Leading to Benzyl and “Dormant” Titanium Allyl Complexes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ehm C, Vittoria A, Goryunov GP, Kulyabin PS, Budzelaar PHM, Voskoboynikov AZ, Busico V, Uborsky DV, Cipullo R. Connection of Stereoselectivity, Regioselectivity, and Molecular Weight Capability in rac-R′2Si(2-Me-4-R-indenyl)2ZrCl2 Type Catalysts. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Georgy P. Goryunov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pavel S. Kulyabin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Z. Voskoboynikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitry V. Uborsky
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- DPI, P.O. Box 902, 5600 AX Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zorve P, Linnolahti M. Adsorption of Titanium Tetrachloride on Magnesium Dichloride Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9921-9928. [PMID: 31459120 PMCID: PMC6645071 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium dichloride and titanium tetrachloride are key components in heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalysis. We have determined the preferred binding modes of titanium tetrachloride on magnesium dichloride clusters at the M06-2X level of theory, thus accounting for dispersion. A systematic study was carried out to locate the lowest energy isomers of (MgCl2) n (TiCl4) m complexes. Altogether ca. 1000 complexes with n ranging from 1 to 19 and m from 1 to 13 were studied. In line with the previous literature, the results consistently show that adsorption of TiCl4 onto MgCl2 preferably leads to octahedral six-coordination for both Mg and Ti atoms. This can be achieved by mononuclear binding of TiCl4 and binuclear binding of Ti2Cl8 on (110) and (104) surfaces of MgCl2, respectively. The preferred octahedral six-coordination is also achieved by binding of TiCl4 on defect sites, of which the most striking example is trinuclear binding mode at corners of the clusters. Overall, the results highlight the relevance of multinuclear binding of TiCl4 on MgCl2.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zaccaria F, Ehm C, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Cipullo R. Catalyst Mileage in Olefin Polymerization: The Peculiar Role of Toluene. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Machat MR, Fischer A, Schmitz D, Vöst M, Drees M, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Casati NPM, Scherer W, Rieger B. Behind the Scenes of Group 4 Metallocene Catalysis: Examination of the Metal–Carbon Bond. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Physik und Materialwissenschaften, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmitz
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Physik und Materialwissenschaften, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Vöst
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Physik und Materialwissenschaften, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Wolfgang Scherer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Physik und Materialwissenschaften, Institut für Physik, Universität Augsburg, Universitätsstraße 1, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zaccaria F, Vittoria A, Correa A, Ehm C, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Cipullo R. Internal Donors in Ziegler-Natta Systems: is Reduction by AlR3
a Requirement for Donor Clean-Up? ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Antonio Vittoria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Andrea Correa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Via Cintia 80126 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ehm C, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V. Tuning the Relative Energies of Propagation and Chain Termination Barriers in Polyolefin Catalysis through Electronic and Steric Effects. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Università di Napoli Federico II Via Cinthia 80126 Napoli Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zaccaria F, Cipullo R, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V, Ehm C. Backbone rearrangement during olefin capture as the rate limiting step in molecular olefin polymerization catalysis and its effect on comonomer affinity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli 80126 Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli 80126 Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli 80126 Italy
- Department of Chemistry; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli 80126 Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli 80126 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ehm C, Budzelaar PH, Busico V. Metal–carbon bond strengths under polymerization conditions: 2,1-insertion as a catalyst stress test. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
39
|
Zaccaria F, Ehm C, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V. Accurate Prediction of Copolymerization Statistics in Molecular Olefin Polymerization Catalysis: The Role of Entropic, Electronic, and Steric Effects in Catalyst Comonomer Affinity. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Machat MR, Lanzinger D, Pöthig A, Rieger B. Ultrarigid Indenyl-based Hafnocene Complexes for the Highly Isoselective Polymerization of Propene: Tunable Polymerization Performance Adopting Various Sterically Demanding 4-Aryl Substituents. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. Machat
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Dominik Lanzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GCP/PM-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Catalysis
Research Center, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer
Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ehm C, Cipullo R, Passaro M, Zaccaria F, Budzelaar PHM, Busico V. Chain Transfer to Solvent in Propene Polymerization with Ti Cp-phosphinimide Catalysts: Evidence for Chain Termination via Ti–C Bond Homolysis. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehm
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via
Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Cipullo
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via
Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Miriana Passaro
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via
Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via
Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Busico
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via
Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Quenched-flow data for propene polymerization with rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-1-indenyl)2ZrCl2/MAO support a picture where removal of MAO qualitatively changes the kinetic profile from a mainly enthalpic to a mainly entropic barrier. DFT studies suggest that a not previously recognized singly-bridged end-on coordination mode of Me6Al2 to catalytically active centers may be kinetically relevant as a resting state. In contrast, the more traditional doubly-bridged complex of Me3Al is proposed to be more relevant to chain transfer to cocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ehm
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - R Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - P H M Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - V Busico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Minaev B, Baryshnikova A, Sun WH. Spin-dependent effects in ethylene polymerization with bis(imino)pyridine iron(II) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
44
|
Talarico G, Budzelaar PHM. α-Agostic Interactions and Growing Chain Orientation for Olefin Polymerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Talarico
- Dipartimento di
Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Peter H. M. Budzelaar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
- Dutch Polymer Institute (DPI), P.O. Box 902, 5600
AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dunlop-Brière AF, Baird MC, Budzelaar PHM. [Cp2TiCH2CH2(SiEt2CHMe2)]+, an Alkyl-titanocene(IV) Complex Containing an Unconventional Ti←C(β)-Si Mode of Bonding. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C. Baird
- The
Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cipullo R, Melone P, Yu Y, Iannone D, Busico V. Olefin polymerisation catalysts: when perfection is not enough. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:12304-11. [PMID: 26006065 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt01514f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of thorough mechanistic investigations, it is still hard to predict the activity of a novel olefin polymerisation catalyst, even when the precursor is a well-defined molecular entity. In the present study, we highlight the crucial importance of activation entropy on the polymerisation rate and how weak interactions of the catalytic species with electron donating species in the reaction pool can ultimately lower the activation free energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Cipullo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso di Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hu L, Chen H. Assessment of DFT Methods for Computing Activation Energies of Mo/W-Mediated Reactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:4601-14. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianrui Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry,
Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Credendino R, Liguori D, Fan Z, Morini G, Cavallo L. Toward a Unified Model Explaining Heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta Catalysis. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Credendino
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis
Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dario Liguori
- LyondellBasell
Polyolefins, G. Natta Research Center, Piazzale G. Donegani 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department
of Polymer Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Giampiero Morini
- LyondellBasell
Polyolefins, G. Natta Research Center, Piazzale G. Donegani 12, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis
Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Fritz
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Ehm
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institut für
Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische
Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|