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Mo J, Messinis AM, Li J, Warratz S, Ackermann L. Chelation-Assisted Iron-Catalyzed C-H Activations: Scope and Mechanism. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:10-22. [PMID: 38116619 PMCID: PMC10765378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusTo improve the resource economy of molecular syntheses, researchers have developed strategies to directly activate otherwise inert C-H bonds, thus avoiding cumbersome and costly substrate prefunctionalizations. During the past two decades, remarkable progress in coordination chemistry has set the stage for developing increasingly viable metal catalysts for C-H activations. Despite remarkable advances, C-H activations are largely dominated by precious 4d and 5d transition metal catalysts based primarily on palladium, ruthenium, iridium, and rhodium, thus decreasing the inherent sustainable nature of the C-H activation approach. Therefore, advancing catalytic reactions based on Earth-abundant and less toxic 3d transition metals, especially nontoxic and inexpensive iron, represents a desirable and attractive alternative. While research had previously focused on 8-aminoquinoline directing groups in C-H activations, we have devised easily accessible, tunable, and clickable triazoles, which feature widespread applications in bioactive compounds and drugs, among others, as peptide isosteres. Thus, in contrast to other directing groups, the triazole group is a highly desirable structural motif and functions as a bioisostere in medicine and biology, where it is exploited to mimic amide bonds.This Account summarizes the evolution of chelation-assisted iron-catalyzed C-H activations via C-H, C-H/N-H, and C-H/N-H/C-C bond cleavages, with a topical focus on the most recent contributions of our team. Thus, the triazole-enabled iron catalysis has surfaced as a transformative platform for a large variety of C-H transformations, including arylations, alkylations, alkenylations, allylations, annulations, and alkynylations, achieved through C-H activations with organometallic reagents, organohalides, alkynes, alkenes, allenes, and bicyclopropylidenes among others. Consequently, we developed widely applicable methods for the versatile preparation of decorated arenes and heteroarenes, providing access to benzamides, isoquinolones, pyrrolones, pyridones, phenones, indoles, and isoindolinones, among others. Most of these reactions employed 1,2-dichloroisobutane (DCIB) as an oxidant. Notably, chemical-oxidant-free strategies were also developed, with the major breakthroughs being the use of internal oxidants in oxidative annulations, the use of resource-economic electrocatalysis, and the development of well-defined iron(0)-mediated catalysis. In addition, a highly enantioselective inner-sphere C-H alkylation of (aza)indoles was developed by designing novel remotely decorated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with dispersion energy donors. In addition, detailed mechanistic experiments including kinetic analyses, intermediate isolation, Mößbauer spectroscopy, and computation provided strong support for the mode of catalysis operation, enabling unprecedented C-H activations. Thereby, low-valent iron catalysts paved the way toward weakly coordinating ketones and enantioselective iron-catalyzed C-H activations through organometallic intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Mo
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, 530021 Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- WISCh
(Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Jinlian Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Shuangyong Road 22, 530021 Nanning, P. R. China
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- WISCh
(Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut
für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- WISCh
(Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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Bories CC, Gontard G, Barbazanges M, Derat E, Petit M. Hydrido-Cobalt Complexes for the Chemo- and Regioselective 1,2-Silylative Dearomatization of N-Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:843-848. [PMID: 36688841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe an efficient regio- and chemoselective dearomatization of N-heteroarenes using hydrido-cobalt catalysts. Reactions were performed under mild conditions on a wide range of N-heteroarenes leading exclusively to the silyl-1,2-dihydroheteroarene. Various quinolines and pyridines bearing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents are compatible with this methodology. DFT calculations, NMR spectroscopic studies, and X-ray diffraction analysis underlined the importance of a second silane for the final step of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre C Bories
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Barbazanges
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Petit
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Messinis AM, Oliveira JCA, Stückl AC, Ackermann L. Cyclometallated Iron(II) Alkoxides in Iron-Catalyzed C–H Activations by Weak O-Carbonyl Chelation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - João C. A. Oliveira
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A. Claudia Stückl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Bories CC, Barbazanges M, Derat E, Petit M. Implication of a Silyl Cobalt Dihydride Complex as a Useful Catalyst for the Hydrosilylation of Imines. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre C. Bories
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marion Barbazanges
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Petit
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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Gandeepan P, Müller T, Zell D, Cera G, Warratz S, Ackermann L. 3d Transition Metals for C-H Activation. Chem Rev 2018; 119:2192-2452. [PMID: 30480438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1415] [Impact Index Per Article: 235.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parthasarathy Gandeepan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Zell
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Svenja Warratz
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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Kimura N, Kochi T, Kakiuchi F. Iron-Catalyzed Regioselective Anti-Markovnikov Addition of C–H Bonds in Aromatic Ketones to Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14849-14852. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kimura
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Takuya Kochi
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Kakiuchi
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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