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Lehrich SW, Mahrholdt J, Korb M, Hildebrandt A, Swarts JC, Lang H. Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemistry of Diferrocenyl β-Diketones, -Diketonates, and Pyrazoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194476. [PMID: 33003450 PMCID: PMC7583057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of FcC(O)CH(R)C(O)Fc (Fc = Fe(η5-C5H4)(η5-C5H5); R = H, 5; nBu, 7; CH2CH2(OCH2CH2)2OMe, 9), [M(κ2O,O′-FcC(O)CHC(O)Fc)n] (M = Ti, n = 3, 10; M = Fe, n = 3, 11; M = BF2, n = 1, 12), and 1-R′-3,5-Fc2-cC3HN2 (R′ = H, 13; Me, 14; Ph, 15) is discussed. The solid-state structures of 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, and 16 ([TiCl2(κ2O,O′-PhC(O)CHC(O)Ph)2]) show that 7 and 9 exist in their β-diketo form. Compound 13 crystallizes as a tetramer based on a hydrogen bond pattern, including one central water molecule. The electrochemical behavior of 5–7 and 9–16 was studied by cyclic and square-wave voltammetry, showing that the ferrocenyls can separately be oxidized reversibly between −50 and 750 mV (5–7, 9, 12–15: two Fc-related events; 10, 11: six events, being partially superimposed). For complex 10, Ti-centered reversible redox processes appear at −985 (TiII/TiIII) and −520 mV (TiIII/TiIV). Spectro-electrochemical UV-Vis/NIR measurements were carried out on 5, 6, and 12, whereby only 12 showed an IVCT (intervalence charge-transfer) band of considerable strength (νmax = 6250 cm−1, Δν½ = 4725 cm−1, εmax = 240 L·mol−1·cm−1), due to the rigid C3O2B cycle, enlarging the coupling strength between the Fc groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve W. Lehrich
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Julia Mahrholdt
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Marcus Korb
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Jannie C. Swarts
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Anorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany; (S.W.L.); (J.M.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +49-(0)371-531-21210
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Preuß A, Notz S, Kovalski E, Korb M, Blaudeck T, Hu X, Schuster J, Miesel D, Rüffer T, Hildebrandt A, Schreiter K, Spange S, Schulz SE, Lang H. Ferrocenyl-Pyrenes, Ferrocenyl-9,10-Phenanthrenediones, and Ferrocenyl-9,10-Dimethoxyphenanthrenes: Charge-Transfer Studies and SWCNT Functionalization. Chemistry 2020; 26:2635-2652. [PMID: 31650632 PMCID: PMC7064959 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-Fc- (3), 1-Br-6-Fc- (5 a), 2-Br-7-Fc- (7 a), 1,6-Fc2 - (5 b), 2,7-Fc2 -pyrene (7 b), 3,6-Fc2 -9,10-phenanthrenedione (10), and 3,6-Fc2 -9,10-dimethoxyphenanthrene (12; Fc=Fe(η5 -C5 H4 )(η5 -C5 H5 )) is discussed. Of these compounds, 10 and 12 form 1D or 2D coordination polymers in the solid state. (Spectro)Electrochemical studies confirmed reversible Fc/Fc+ redox events between -130 and 160 mV. 1,6- and 2,7-Substitution in 5 a (E°'=-130 mV) and 7 a (E°'=50 mV) influences the redox potentials, whereas the ones of 5 b and 7 b (E°'=20 mV) are independent. Compounds 5 b, 7 b, 10, and 12 show single Fc oxidation processes with redox splittings between 70 and 100 mV. UV/Vis/NIR spectroelectrochemistry confirmed a weak electron transfer between FeII /FeIII in mixed-valent [5 b]+ and [12]+ . DFT calculations showed that 5 b non-covalently interacts with the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) sidewalls as proven by, for example, disentangling experiments. In addition, CV studies of the as-obtained dispersions confirmed exohedral attachment of 5 b at the SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Preuß
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Notz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Eduard Kovalski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Current address: Faculty of Science, School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas Blaudeck
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Xiao Hu
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Jörg Schuster
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dominique Miesel
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Alexander Hildebrandt
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Katja Schreiter
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Stefan Spange
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Stefan E Schulz
- Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM), Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Electronic Nano Systems (ENAS), Technologie-Campus 3, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
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Korb M, Lehrich SW, Lang H. Reactivity of Ferrocenyl Phosphates Bearing (Hetero-)Aromatics and [3]Ferrocenophanes toward Anionic Phospho-Fries Rearrangements. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3102-3124. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Korb
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Steve W. Lehrich
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Institute of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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