Heterocyclic bismuth(III) compounds with transannular S→Bi interactions. An experimental and theoretical approach

Definition of the Pnictogen Bond: A Perspective

This article proposes a definition for the term “pnictogen bond” and lists its donors, acceptors, and characteristic features. These may be invoked to identify this specific subset of the inter- and intramolecular interactions formed by elements of Group 15 which possess an electrophilic site in a molecular entity.

Electrochemical Studies of the Cycloaddition Activity of Bismuth(III) Acetylides Towards Organic Azides Under Copper(I)-Catalyzed Conditions

Time-dependent monitoring of the reactive intermediates provides valuable information about the mechanism of a synthetic transformation. However, the process frequently involves intermediates with short lifetimes that significantly challenge the accessibility of the desired kinetic data. We report in situ cyclic voltammetry (CV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy studies of the cycloaddition reaction of organobismuth(III) compounds with organic azides under the copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. A series of bismuth(III) acetylides carrying diphenyl sulfone scaffolds have been synthesized to study the underlying electronic and steric effects of the tethered moieties capable of transannular oxygen O···Bi interactions and para-functionality of the parent phenylacetylene backbones. While belonging to the family of copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, the reaction yielding 5-bismuth(III)-triazolide is the sole example of a complex catalytic transformation that features activity of bismuth(III) acetylides towards organic azides under copper(I)-catalyzed conditions. Stepwise continuous monitoring of the copper(I)/copper(0) redox activity of the copper(I) catalyst by cyclic voltammetry provided novel insights into the complex catalytic cycle of the bismuth(III)-triazolide formation. From CV-derived kinetic data, reaction rate parameters of the bismuth(III) acetylides coordination to the copper(I) catalyst (K_A) and equilibrium concentration of the copper species [cat]_eq. are compared with the overall 5-bismuth(III)-triazolide formation rate constant k_obs obtained by ¹H-NMR kinetic analysis.

A new C-anionic tripodal ligand 2-{bis(benzothiazolyl)(methoxy)methyl}phenyl and its bismuth complexes

A new tripodal C-anionic ligand, 2-{bis(benzothiazolyl)(methoxy)methyl}phenyl (L), was stably generated by the reaction of the ligand precursor (L'), the corresponding bromide (2-BrC6H4)(MeO)C(C7H4NS)2 (C7H4NS = 2-benzothiazolyl), with nBuLi at -104 °C in the presence of TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine). The ligand lithium salt reacted with BiCl3 to give a 2 : 1 complex L2BiCl. A 1 : 1 complex LBiCl2 was obtained in good yield by the redistribution reaction between L2BiCl and BiCl3. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the ligand L coordinated in an expected κ3-C,N,N' coordination mode in LBiCl2, while it coordinated in κ3-C,N,O and κ2-C,O coordination modes in L2BiCl. The ligand precursor reacted with BiX3 (X = Cl, Br) to give 1 : 1 complexes L'BiX3 and was found to act as a neutral tripodal C(π),N,N-ligand.

Molecular bismuth(iii) monocations: structure, bonding, reactivity, and catalysis

Structurally defined, molecular bismuth(iii) cations show remarkable properties in coordination chemistry, Lewis acidity, and redox chemistry, allowing for unique applications in synthetic chemistry.

Well-Defined, Molecular Bismuth Compounds: Catalysts in Photochemically Induced Radical Dehydrocoupling Reactions

A series of diorgano(bismuth)chalcogenides, [Bi(di-aryl)EPh], has been synthesised and fully characterised (E=S, Se, Te). These molecular bismuth complexes have been exploited in homogeneous photochemically-induced radical catalysis, using the coupling of silanes with TEMPO as a model reaction (TEMPO=(tetramethyl-piperidin-1-yl)-oxyl). Their catalytic properties are complementary or superior to those of known catalysts for these coupling reactions. Catalytically competent intermediates of the reaction have been identified. Applied analytical techniques include NMR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and (TD)-DFT calculations.

Crystal structure of 5H-dibenzo[c,f][1,5]oxabismocin-12 (7H)-yl acetate, C16H15O3Bi

C16H15O3Bi, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 17.277(3) Å, b = 4.7288(8) Å, c = 17.776(3) Å, V = 1452.3(4) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0292, wR(F 2) = 0.0678, T = 296 K.

Crystal structure of 6-cyclohexyl-6,7-dihydrodibenzo[c,f][1,5]azabismocin-12(5H)-yl nitrate, C20H23O3N2Bi

C20H23O3N2Bi, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.6897(5) Å, b = 10.5590(5) Å, c = 17.4099(9) Å, β = 105.491(2)°, V = 1893.71(16) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0253, wR(F 2) = 0.0576, T = 296(2) K.

The role of dispersion type metal⋯π interaction in the enantiotropic phase transition of two polymorphs of tris-(thienyl)bismuthine

Bi(2-C₄H₃S)₃ shows an enantiotropic phase transition that is dominated by London dispersion forces. DFT calculations on model compounds were carried out in order to investigate the competition between Bi⋯S and Bi⋯π heteroarene interaction.

Bismuth⋯π arene versus bismuth⋯halide coordination in heterocyclic diorganobismuth(iii) compounds with transannular N→Bi interaction

The hypervalent diorganobismuth(iii) halides of type [RCH₂N(CH₂C₆H₄)₂]BiX, (R = Ph, Bz, and MeO) show a strong tendency to associate either by Bi⋯X or by Bi⋯π arene secondary interactions.