1
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Blanco C, Ramos Castellanos R, Fogg DE. Anionic Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Enable Modification of Unprotected Biomolecules in Water. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11147-11152. [PMID: 39114091 PMCID: PMC11301623 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Stability problems have limited the uptake of cationic olefin metathesis catalysts in chemical biology. Described herein are anionic catalysts that improve water-solubility, robustness, and compatibility with biomolecules such as DNA. A sulfonate tag is installed on the cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) ligand platform, chosen for resistance to degradation by nucleophiles, base, water, and β-elimination. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts bearing the sulfonated CAAC ligands deliver record productivity in metathesis of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides at neutral pH. Decomposed catalyst has negligible impact on metathesis selectivity, whereas N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts degrade rapidly in water and cause extensive C=C migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
O. Blanco
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Richard Ramos Castellanos
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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2
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Gu Q, Gorgon S, Romanov AS, Li F, Friend RH, Evans EW. Fast Transfer of Triplet to Doublet Excitons from Organometallic Host to Organic Radical Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402790. [PMID: 38819637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Spin triplet exciton formation sets limits on technologies using organic semiconductors that are confined to singlet-triplet photophysics. In contrast, excitations in the spin doublet manifold in organic radical semiconductors can show efficient luminescence. Here the dynamics of the spin allowed process of intermolecular energy transfer from triplet to doublet excitons are explored. A carbene-metal-amide (CMA-CF3) is employed as a model triplet donor host, since following photoexcitation it undergoes extremely fast intersystem crossing to generate a population of triplet excitons within 4 ps. This enables a foundational study for tracking energy transfer from triplets to a model radical semiconductor, TTM-3PCz. Over 74% of all radical luminescence originates from the triplet channel in this system under photoexcitation. It is found that intermolecular triplet-to-doublet energy transfer can occur directly and rapidly, with 12% of triplet excitons transferring already on sub-ns timescales. This enhanced triplet harvesting mechanism is utilized in efficient near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes, which can be extended to other opto-electronic and -spintronic technologies by radical-based spin control in molecular semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Gu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, 200232, P. R. China
| | - Sebastian Gorgon
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alexander S Romanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd., Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Qianjin Avenue 2699, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Emrys W Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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3
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Kuwahara T, Ohtsu H, Tsuge K. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Bridged by Dimethylpyrazine: Comparison of Emissive Excited States between Silver(I) and Copper(I) Congeners. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8120-8130. [PMID: 38653757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Highly luminescent silver(I) coordination polymers [Ag2X2(PPh3)2(Me2pyz)]n (X = I, Br, Cl; Me2pyz: 2,5-dimethylpyrazine) were prepared together with copper congeners [Cu2X2(PPh3)2(Me2pyz)]n (X = I, Br). All the complexes showed thermally activated delayed fluorescence from the charge-transfer states in the visible region, from blue to red. The isomorphous relationship among the complexes allowed a detailed discussion of the effect of halogenido ligands and crystal packing on their luminescence energy. The relaxation in the emissive excited states (ESs) was determined to be more remarkable in silver complexes than in copper complexes despite their isomorphous structures, and the electronic effect of halogenido ligands was comparable to the effect of relaxation in emissive ESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Kuwahara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohtsu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Tsuge
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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4
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Kellogg M, Mencke AR, Muniz CN, Nattikallungal TA, Cardoso-Delgado F, Baluyot-Reyes N, Sewell M, Bird MJ, Bradforth SE, Thompson ME. Intra- and Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Dynamics of Carbene-Metal-Amide Photosensitizers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:6621-6635. [PMID: 38690534 PMCID: PMC11056983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies were performed on a set of eight carbene-metal-amide (cMa) complexes, where M = Cu and Au, that have been used as photosensitizers for photosensitized electrocatalytic reactions. Using ps-to-ns and ns-to-ms transient absorption spectroscopies (psTA and nsTA, respectively), the excited-state kinetics from light absorption, intersystem crossing (ISC), and eventually intermolecular charge transfer were thoroughly characterized. Using time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and psTA with a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) model, the variation in intersystem crossing (ISC), (S1 → T1) rates (∼3-120 × 109 s-1), and ΔEST values (73-115 meV) for these compounds were fully characterized, reflecting systematic changes to the carbene, carbazole, and metal. The psTA additionally revealed an early time relaxation (rate ∼0.2-0.8 × 1012 s-1) attributed to solvent relaxation and vibrational cooling. The nsTA experiments for a gold-based cMa complex demonstrated efficient intermolecular charge transfer from the excited cMa to an electron acceptor. Pulse radiolysis and bulk electrolysis experiments allowed us to identify the character of the transient excited states as ligand-ligand charge transfer as well as the spectroscopic signature of oxidized and reduced forms of the cMa photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
S. Kellogg
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Austin R. Mencke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Collin N. Muniz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | | - Fabiola Cardoso-Delgado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nina Baluyot-Reyes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Marielle Sewell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Matthew J. Bird
- Chemistry
Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Stephen E. Bradforth
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark E. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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5
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Gu Q, Chotard F, Eng J, Reponen APM, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Woodward AW, Penfold TJ, Credgington D, Bochmann M, Romanov AS. Excited-State Lifetime Modulation by Twisted and Tilted Molecular Design in Carbene-Metal-Amide Photoemitters. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:7526-7542. [PMID: 36032551 PMCID: PMC9404540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbene-metal-amides (CMAs) are an emerging class of photoemitters based on a linear donor-linker-acceptor arrangement. They exhibit high flexibility about the carbene-metal and metal-amide bonds, leading to a conformational freedom which has a strong influence on their photophysical properties. Herein we report CMA complexes with (1) nearly coplanar, (2) twisted, (3) tilted, and (4) tilt-twisted orientations between donor and acceptor ligands and illustrate the influence of preferred ground-state conformations on both the luminescence quantum yields and excited-state lifetimes. The performance is found to be optimum for structures with partially twisted and/or tilted conformations, resulting in radiative rates exceeding 1 × 106 s-1. Although the metal atoms make only small contributions to HOMOs and LUMOs, they provide sufficient spin-orbit coupling between the low-lying excited states to reduce the excited-state lifetimes down to 500 ns. At the same time, high photoluminescence quantum yields are maintained for a strongly tilted emitter in a host matrix. Proof-of-concept organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on these new emitter designs were fabricated, with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 19.1% with low device roll-off efficiency. Transient electroluminescence studies indicate that molecular design concepts for new CMA emitters can be successfully translated into the OLED device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Gu
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge
University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, U.K.
| | - Florian Chotard
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Julien Eng
- School
of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Antti-Pekka M. Reponen
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge
University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, U.K.
| | | | - Adam W. Woodward
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Penfold
- School
of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, U.K.
| | - Dan Credgington
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge
University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, U.K.
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. Romanov
- School
of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
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6
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Liu HY, Neale SE, Hill MS, Mahon MF, McMullin CL. On the reactivity of Al-group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) bonds. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3913-3924. [PMID: 35169824 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00404f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of the seven-membered heterocyclic potassium diamidoalumanyl, [K{Al(SiNDipp)}]2 (SiNDipp = {CH2SiMe2NDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-di-isopropylphenyl), with a variety of Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) chloride N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts are described. The resultant group 11-Al bonded derivatives have been characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of [{SiNDipp}Al-Au(NHCiPr)] (NHCiPr = N,N'-di-isopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-2-ylidene), by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Although similar reactions of LAgCl and LAuCl, where L is a more basic cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC), generally resulted in reduction of the group 11 cations to the base metals, X-ray analysis of [(CyCAAC)AgAl(SiNDipp)] (CyCAAC = 2-[2,6-bis(1-methylethyl)phenyl]-3,3-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]dec-1-ylidene) provides the first solid-state authentication of an Ag-Al σ bond. The reactivity of the NHC-supported Cu, Ag and Au alumanyl derivatives was assayed with the isoelectronic unsaturated small molecules, N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide and CO2. While these reactions generally provided products consistent with nucleophilic attack of the group 11 atom at the electrophilic heteroallene carbon centre, treatment of the NHC-supported copper and silver alumanyls with N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide yielded less symmetric Cu-C and Ag-C-bonded isomers. In contrast to the previously described copper and silver alumanyl derivatives, [(NON)Al(O2C)M(Pt-Bu3)] (M = Cu or Ag; NON = 4,5-bis(2,6-di-isopropylanilido)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene), which were prone to facile CO extrusion and formation of carbonate derivatives, the NHC-supported dioxocarbene species, [(NHCiPr)M(CO2)Al(SiNDipp)] (M = Cu, Ag, Au), are all stable at room and moderately elevated temperatures. The stabilising role of the NHC co-ligand was, thus, assessed by preparation of the t-Bu3P adducted copper-alumanyl, [(t-Bu3P)CuAl(SiNDipp)]. Treatment of this latter compound, which was also structurally characterised by X-ray analysis, with both N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide and CO2 again provided smooth heteroallene insertion and formation of the relevant Cu-C-bonded products. Although both compounds were quite stable at room temperature, heating of [(t-Bu3P)Cu(CO2)Al(SiNDipp)] at 60 °C induced elimination of CO and formation of the analogous carbonate, [(t-Bu3P)Cu(OCO2)Al(SiNDipp)], which was identified by 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Reflective of the more reliable nucleophilic behaviour of the gold centres in these group 11 alumanyls, computational (QTAIM and NBO) analysis highlighted a lower level of covalency of the Al-Au linkage in comparison to the analogous Al-Cu and Al-Ag interactions. Although substitution of the co-ligand significantly perturbs the charge distribution across the Cu-Al bond of [LCuAl(SiNDipp)] (L = NHCiPr or t-Bu3P), only a negligible difference is observed between the phosphine-coordinated copper systems derived from either the [SiNDipp]- or (NON)-based alumanyl ligands. Computational mapping of the reaction profiles arising from treatment of the various group 11 alumanyls with N,N'-di-isopropylcarbodiimide indicates that the observed formation of the Cu-N and Ag-N bound isomers do not provide the thermodynamic reaction outcome. In contrast, examination of the CO2-derived reactions, and their potential toward CO extrusion and subsequent carbonate formation, implies that the identity of the co-ligand exerts a greater influence on this aspect of reactivity than the architecture of the diamidoalumanyl anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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7
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Roesky HW, Kushvaha SK, Mishra A, Mondal KC. Recent advances in the domain of Cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbenes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202101301. [PMID: 34989475 PMCID: PMC9307053 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Isolation of cyclic (alkyl) amino carbenes (cAACs) in 2005 has been a major achievement in the field of stable carbenes due to their better electronic properties. cAACs and bicyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (BicAAC) in essence are the most electrophilic as well as nucleophilic carbenes are known till date. Due to their excellent electronic properties in terms of nucleophilic and electrophilic character, cAACs have been utilized in different areas of chemistry, including stabilization of low valent main group and transition metal species, activation of small molecules, and catalysis. The applications of cAACs in catalysis have opened up new avenues of research in the field of cAAC chemistry. This review summarizes the major results of cAAC chemistry published until August 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert W Roesky
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Department of Chemistry, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077, Göttingen, GERMANY
| | | | - Ankush Mishra
- IIT Madras: Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chemistry, INDIA
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8
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Romanov AS, Linnolahti M, Bochmann M. Synthesis and photophysical properties of linear gold(I) complexes based on a CCC carbene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17156-17164. [PMID: 34781337 PMCID: PMC8631002 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03393j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between allenylpyridine (L1) and (Me2S)AuCl resulted in the quantitative formation of the (Indolizy)gold chloride complex 1 (Indolizy = indolizin-2-ylidene). The reaction of 1 with carbazole in the presence of KOtBu affords the corresponding (Indolizy)Au(Cz) complex 2. Both compounds show high air- and temperature stability. The crystal structure of 2 confirmed the linear co-planar geometry. Complex 1 shows an intense low energy absorption of mixed character in the UV-vis spectrum, ascribed to intraligand and (M + Hal)L charge transfer processes, and exhibits bright yellow phosphorescence with an excited state lifetime of 62.8 μs in the crystal and a luminescence quantum yield up to 65%. On the other hand, the carbazolate complex 2 in a polystyrene matrix shows bright red delayed fluorescence at 617 nm with a sub-microsecond excited state lifetime and a quantum yield of 21.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Romanov
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. .,School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu Campus, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Earlham Road, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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9
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Braker EE, Mukthar NFM, Schley ND, Ung G. Substituent Effect on the Circularly Polarized Luminescence of
C
1
‐Symmetric Carbene‐Copper(I) Complexes. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Braker
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Schley
- Department of Chemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235 USA
| | - Gaël Ung
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut 06269 USA
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11
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Watt F, Dickmann N, Schoch R, Hohloch S. Isocyanate Insertion into a La-P Phosphide Bond: A Versatile Route to Phosphaureate-Bridged Heterobimetallic Lanthanide-Coinage-Metal Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13621-13631. [PMID: 32885972 PMCID: PMC7509844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A new route to heterobimetallic lanthanide-coinage-metal complexes is disclosed. The selective insertion of organic substrates such as phenyl iso(thio)cyanate into the La-P bond of the primary phosphido complex (PN)2La(PHMes) (1) (with PN- = (N-(2-(diisopropylphosphanyl)-4-methylphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylanilide) yields the phospha(thio)ureate complexes (PN)2La(OC(NPh)(PHMes)) (2) and (PN)2La(SC(NPh)(PHMes)) (3) with retention of the PH protons. Subsequent deprotonation of the phosphaureate complex 2 with potassium hexamethyldisilazide (KHMDS, K[N(SiMe3)2]) leads to the polymeric complex [K{(PN)2La(OC(NPh)(PMes))}]n (4). Complex 4 was found to be an excellent precursor for salt metathesis reactions with copper(I) and gold(I) chlorides supported by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC, 5 and 6) or a cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC, 7 and 8). This resulted in the unprecedented formation of heterobimetallic lanthanum-coinage-metal complexes, containing the first example of a μ,κ2(O,N):κ1(P)-phosphaureate bridging ligand. For an alternative route to complex 8 a direct protonolysis protocol between a new basic gold(I) precursor, namely (MeCAAC)Au(HMDS), and 2 was also investigated. The complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography (except for 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian
A. Watt
- Paderborn
University, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Nicole Dickmann
- Paderborn
University, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Paderborn
University, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stephan Hohloch
- University
of Innsbruck, Faculty of Chemistry
and Pharmacy, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Manar KK, Chakrabortty S, Porwal VK, Prakash D, Thakur SK, Choudhury AR, Singh S. Two‐Coordinate Cu(I) and Au(I) Complexes Supported by BICAAC and CAAC Ligands. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna K. Manar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Soumyadeep Chakrabortty
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Vishal Kumar Porwal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Darsana Prakash
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Thakur
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Mohali 140306 Punjab India
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13
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Eng J, Penfold TJ. Understanding and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Beyond the Energy Gap Approximation. CHEM REC 2020; 20:831-856. [PMID: 32267093 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article recent progress in the development of molecules exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) is discussed with a particular focus upon their application as emitters in highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The key aspects controlling the desirable functional properties, e. g. fast intersystem crossing, high radiative rate and unity quantum yield, are introduced with a particular focus upon the competition between the key requirements needed to achieve high performance OLEDs. The design rules required for organic and metal organic materials are discussed, and the correlation between them outlined. Recent progress towards understanding the influence of the interaction between a molecule and its environment are explained as is the role of the mechanism for excited state formation in OLEDs. Finally, all of these aspects are combined to discuss the ability to implement high level design rules for achieving higher quality materials for commercial applications. This article highlights the significant progress that has been made in recent years, but also outlines the significant challenges which persist to achieve a full understanding of the TADF mechanism and improve the stability and performance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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14
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Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)- and (Aryl)-(amino)carbene Coinage Metal Complexes and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4141-4168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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15
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Romanov AS, Jones STE, Gu Q, Conaghan PJ, Drummond BH, Feng J, Chotard F, Buizza L, Foley M, Linnolahti M, Credgington D, Bochmann M. Carbene metal amide photoemitters: tailoring conformationally flexible amides for full color range emissions including white-emitting OLED. Chem Sci 2019; 11:435-446. [PMID: 32190264 PMCID: PMC7067249 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformationally flexible "Carbene-Metal-Amide" (CMA) complexes of copper and gold have been developed based on a combination of sterically hindered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) and 6- and 7-ring heterocyclic amide ligands. These complexes show photoemissions across the visible spectrum with PL quantum yields of up to 89% in solution and 83% in host-guest films. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) studies combined with DFT calculations indicate the important role of ring structure and conformational flexibility of the amide ligands. Time-resolved PL shows efficient delayed emission with sub-microsecond to microsecond excited state lifetimes at room temperature, with radiative rates exceeding 106 s-1. Yellow organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a 7-ring gold amide were fabricated by thermal vapor deposition, while the sky-blue to warm-white mechanochromic behavior of the gold phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide complex enabled fabrication of the first CMA-based white light-emitting OLED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Romanov
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ;
| | - Saul T E Jones
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Qinying Gu
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Patrick J Conaghan
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Bluebell H Drummond
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Jiale Feng
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Florian Chotard
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ;
| | - Leonardo Buizza
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Morgan Foley
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Eastern Finland , Joensuu Campus , FI-80101 Joensuu , Finland .
| | - Dan Credgington
- Department of Physics , Cavendish Laboratory , Cambridge University , Cambridge CB3 0HF , UK .
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry , University of East Anglia , Norwich Research Park , Norwich , NR4 7TJ , UK . ;
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16
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Chotard F, Romanov AS, Hughes DL, Linnolahti M, Bochmann M. Zwitterionic Mixed-Carbene Coinage Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Chotard
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | | | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Mikko Linnolahti
- Department of Chemistry; University of Eastern Finland; Joensuu Campus FI-80101 Joensuu Finland
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry; University of East Anglia; Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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17
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Polgar AM, Zhang A, Mack F, Weigend F, Lebedkin S, Stillman MJ, Corrigan JF. Tuning the Metal/Chalcogen Composition in Copper(I)–Chalcogenide Clusters with Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligands. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3338-3348. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Polgar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Angel Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Fabian Mack
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sergei Lebedkin
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin J. Stillman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - John F. Corrigan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
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18
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Romanov AS, Chotard F, Rashid J, Bochmann M. Synthesis of copper(i) cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene complexes with potentially bidentate N^N, N^S and S^S ligands for efficient white photoluminescence. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:15445-15454. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02036e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper(i) complexes of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes coordinated to monodentate or hemilabile guanidinato and formamidinato complexes show intense photoluminescence including white emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jahan Rashid
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich
- UK
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19
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Bertrand B, Romanov AS, Brooks M, Davis J, Schmidt C, Ott I, O'Connell M, Bochmann M. Synthesis, structure and cytotoxicity of cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene and acyclic carbene complexes of group 11 metals. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15875-15887. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03189k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of group 11 metal CAAC and acyclic carbene complexes with low micromolar cytotoxicity towards human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Bertrand
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
| | | | - Mark Brooks
- School of Pharmacy
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
| | - Josh Davis
- School of Chemistry
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- D-38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Technische Universität Braunschweig
- D-38106 Braunschweig
- Germany
| | - Maria O'Connell
- School of Pharmacy
- University of East Anglia
- Norwich NR4 7TJ
- UK
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