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Li T, Heng Y, Wang D, Hou G, Zi G, Ding W, Walter MD. Uranium versus Thorium: A Case Study on a Base-Free Terminal Uranium Imido Metallocene. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9487-9510. [PMID: 38048266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of and bonding in two base-free terminal actinide imido metallocenes, [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2An═N(p-tolyl) (An = U (1), Th (1')) are compared and connected to their individual reactivity. While structurally rather similar, the U(IV) derivative 1 is slightly more sterically crowded. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) studies imply that the 5f orbital contribution to the bonding within the individual actinide imido An═N(p-tolyl) moieties is significantly larger for 1 than for 1', which makes the bonds between the [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U2+ and [(p-tolyl)N]2- fragments more covalent. Therefore, steric and electronic factors impact the reactivity of these imido complexes. For example, complex 1 is inert toward internal alkynes, but it readily forms Lewis base adducts [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(L) (L = OPMe3 (6), dmap (9), PhCN (14), and 2,6-Me2PhNC (17)) with Me3PO, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap), nitrile, PhCN, or isonitrile 2,6-Me2PhNC. It may also react as a nucleophile or undergo a [2 + 2] cycloaddition with CS2, isothiocyanates, thio-ketones, ketones, lactides, and acyl nitriles, forming the four- or five-membered metallaheteroacycles, terminal sulfido, or oxido complexes, and cyanide amidate complexes, respectively. In contrast, after the addition of aldehyde p-tolylCHO, the tetranuclear complex [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]4[OCH(p-tolyl)CH(p-tolyl)O]2U4O4 (10) is isolated. However, while 1 is unreactive toward dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), an equilibrium exists in benzene solution between N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), 1, and the four-membered metallaheterocycle [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(═NiPr)N(iPr)] (12). Furthermore, 1 may also engage in single- and two-electron transfer processes. It is singly oxidized by Ph3CN3, CuI, Ph2S2, and Ph2Se2, yielding the uranium(V) imido complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(X) (X = N3 (20), I (22), PhS (23), and PhSe (24)), or is doubly oxidized by organic azides (RN3) and 9-diazofluorene, forming the uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U═N(p-tolyl)(=NR) (R = p-tolyl (18), mesityl (19)) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3C)3C5H2]2U=N(p-tolyl)[=NN=(9-C13H8)] (21), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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2
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Li T, Wang D, Heng Y, Hou G, Zi G, Walter MD. Reactivity of a Lewis base-supported uranium terminal imido metallocene towards small molecules. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13618-13630. [PMID: 37698550 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The Lewis base-supported uranium terminal imido metallocene [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(dmap) (1) readily reacts with various small molecules such as internal alkynes, isothiocyanates, thioketones, amidates, organic nitriles and imines, chlorosilanes, copper iodide, diphenyl disulfide, organic azides and diazoalkane derivatives. For example, treatment of 1 with PhCCCCPh and PhNCS forms metallaheterocycles originating from a [2 + 2] cycloaddition to yield [η5-1-(p-tolyl)NC(Ph)CHCC(Ph)CH2Si(Me)2-2,4-(Me3Si)2C5H2][η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]U (2) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(NPh)S](dmap) (3), respectively. The reaction of 1 with the thioketone Ph2CS forms the known uranium sulfido complex [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2US(dmap) (4), which reacts with a second molecule of Ph2CS to give the disulfido compound [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(S2CPh2) (5). The imido moiety also promotes deprotonation reactions as illustrated in the reactions with the amide PhCONH(p-tolyl), the nitrile PhCH2CN and the imine (p-tolyl)2CNH to form the bis-amidate [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[OC(Ph)N(p-tolyl)]2 (7), and the iminato complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[N(p-tolyl)C(CH2Ph)NH](NCCHPh) (8) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U[NH(p-tolyl)][NC(p-tolyl)2] (9), respectively. Addition of PhSiH2Cl to 1 yields [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2U(Cl)[N(p-tolyl)SiH2Ph] (10). In contrast, the uranium(V) imido complexes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(I) (11) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(SPh) (12), may be isolated upon addition of CuI or Ph2S2 to 1, respectively. Uranium(VI) bis-imido metallocenes [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)(NR) (R = p-tolyl (13), mesityl (14)) and [η5-1,2,4-(Me3Si)3C5H2]2UN(p-tolyl)[NN(9-C13H8)] (15) are accessible from 1 on exposure to RN3 (R = p-tolyl, mesityl) and 9-diazofluorene, respectively. Complexes 2, 3, 5, and 7-15 were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and, in addition, compounds 2, 3, 5, and 7-13 were structurally authenticated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Dongwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yi Heng
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guofu Zi
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Marc D Walter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Riedhammer J, Halter DP, Meyer K. Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Uranium Complexes: A Guide to Structure-Reactivity Tuning. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37134149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Uranium complexes can be stabilized in a wide range of oxidation states, ranging from UII to UVI and a very recent example of a UI complex. This review provides a comprehensive summary of electrochemistry data reported on uranium complexes in nonaqueous electrolyte, to serve as a clear point of reference for newly synthesized compounds, and to evaluate how different ligand environments influence experimentally observed electrochemical redox potentials. Data for over 200 uranium compounds are reported, together with a detailed discussion of trends observed across larger series of complexes in response to ligand field variations. In analogy to the traditional Lever parameter, we utilized the data to derive a new uranium-specific set of ligand field parameters UEL(L) that more accurately represent metal-ligand bonding situations than previously existing transition metal derived parameters. Exemplarily, we demonstrate UEL(L) parameters to be useful for the prediction of structure-reactivity correlations in order to activate specific substrate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Riedhammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik P Halter
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Nguyen TH, Paul EL, Lukens WW, Hayton TW. Evaluating f-Orbital Participation in the U V═E Multiple Bonds of [U(E)(NR 2) 3] (E = O, NSiMe 3, NAd; R = SiMe 3). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6447-6457. [PMID: 37053543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 1 equiv of 1-azidoadamantane with [UIII(NR2)3] (R = SiMe3) in Et2O results in the formation of [UV(NR2)3(NAd)] (1, Ad = 1-adamantyl) in good yields. The electronic structure of 1, as well as those of the related U(V) complexes, [UV(NR2)3(NSiMe3)] (2) and [UV(NR2)3(O)] (3), were analyzed with EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, NIR-visible spectroscopy, and crystal field modeling. This analysis revealed that, within this series of complexes, the steric bulk of the E2- (E═O, NR) ligand is the most important factor in determining the electronic structure. In particular, the increasing steric bulk of this ligand, on moving from O2- to [NAd]2-, results in increasing U═E distances and E-U-Namide angles. These changes have two principal effects on the resulting electronic structure: (1) the increasing U═E distances decreases the energy of the fσ orbital, which is primarily σ* with respect to the U═E bond, and (2) the increasing E-U-Namide angles increases the energy of fδ, due to increasing antibonding interactions with the amide ligands. As a result of the latter change, the electronic ground state for complexes 1 and 2 is primarily fφ in character, whereas the ground state for complex 3 is primarily fδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Edward L Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Meng Q, Abella L, Yao YR, Sergentu DC, Yang W, Liu X, Zhuang J, Echegoyen L, Autschbach J, Chen N. A charged diatomic triple-bonded U≡N species trapped in C 82 fullerene cages. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7192. [PMID: 36418311 PMCID: PMC9684569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34651-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinide diatomic molecules are ideal models to study elusive actinide multiple bonds, but most of these diatomic molecules have so far only been studied in solid inert gas matrices. Herein, we report a charged U≡N diatomic species captured in fullerene cages and stabilized by the U-fullerene coordination interaction. Two diatomic clusterfullerenes, viz. UN@Cs(6)-C82 and UN@C2(5)-C82, were successfully synthesized and characterized. Crystallographic analysis reveals U-N bond lengths of 1.760(7) and 1.760(20) Å in UN@Cs(6)-C82 and UN@C2(5)-C82. Moreover, U≡N was found to be immobilized and coordinated to the fullerene cages at 100 K but it rotates inside the cage at 273 K. Quantum-chemical calculations show a (UN)2+@(C82)2- electronic structure with formal +5 oxidation state (f1) of U and unambiguously demonstrate the presence of a U≡N bond in the clusterfullerenes. This study constitutes an approach to stabilize fundamentally important actinide multiply bonded species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Laura Abella
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | | | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinye Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York. Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY, 14260-3000, USA.
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China.
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6
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Wang P, Zhao Y, Zhu C. Photolysis, Thermolysis, and Reduction of a Uranium Azide Complex Supported by a Double-Layer N–P Ligand. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Talha Yassia K, Belkhiri L, Costuas K, Boucekkine A. How the Ancillary Ligand X Drives the Redox Properties of Biscyclopentadienyl Pentavalent Uranium Cp 2U(═N-Ar)X Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:2203-2218. [PMID: 33481573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Relativistic zero order regular approximation (ZORA) density functional theory computations, coupled with the conductor-like screening model for solvation effects, are used to investigate the redox properties of a series of biscyclopentadienyl pentavalent uranium(V) complexes Cp2U(═N-Ar)X (Ar = 2,6-Me2-C6H3; X = OTf, C6F5, SPh, C═CPh, NPh2, Ph, Me, OPh, N(TMS)2, N═CPh2). Regarding the UV/UIV and UVI/UV couple systems, a linear correlation (R2 ∼ 0.99) is obtained at the ZORA/BP86/TZP level, between the calculated ionization energies and the measured experimental E1/2 half-wave oxidation potentials (UVI/UV) and between the electron affinities and the reduction potentials E1/2 (UV/UIV). The study brings to light the importance of solvation effects that are needed in order to achieve a good agreement between the theory and experiment. Introducing spin-orbit coupling corrections slightly improves this agreement. Both the singly occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the neutral UV complexes exhibit a majority 5f orbital character. The frontier molecular orbitals show a substantial ancillary ligand X σ and/or π character that drives the redox properties. Moreover, our investigations allow estimating the redox potentials of the X = Ph, X = C6F5, and N(TMS)2 UV complexes for which no experimental electrochemical data exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadidja Talha Yassia
- Laboratoire de Physique Mathématique et Subatomique LPMS, Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25017 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Lotfi Belkhiri
- Laboratoire de Physique Mathématique et Subatomique LPMS, Département de Chimie, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, 25017 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Karine Costuas
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Abdou Boucekkine
- Univ Rennes, ISCR UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Lapsheva EN, Cheisson T, Álvarez Lamsfus C, Carroll PJ, Gau MR, Maron L, Schelter EJ. Reactivity of Ce(iv) imido compounds with heteroallenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4781-4784. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc10052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of alkali metal capped Ce(iv) imido compounds [M(DME)2][CeNArF(TriNOx)] (1-M with M = K, Rb, Cs and ArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) with CO2 and organic isocyanates has been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina N. Lapsheva
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | | | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Michael R. Gau
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO
- CNRS & INSA
- Université Paul Sabatier
- 31077 Toulouse
- France
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia
- USA
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9
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Edelmann FT, Farnaby JH, Jaroschik F, Wilson B. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Elaborate synthesis schemes pave the way to f-element and group 3 complexes with multiply bonded imido ligands displaying intriguing reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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Felder JB, Smith MD, Zur Loye HC. Breaking a Paradigm: Observation of Magnetic Order in the Purple U(IV) Phosphite: U(HPO 3) 2. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:9851-9858. [PMID: 30063351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hydrothermal crystal growth of a new uranium phosphite, U(HPO3)2, is reported. This material was found to exhibit optical and magnetic properties not commonly observed in U(IV) containing materials, specifically purple coloration and low temperature magnetism. We discuss the synthesis, structure determination, and characterization of the title compound and comment on its optical, thermal, and magnetic properties. The magnetic behavior is consistent with frustrated antiferromagnetism that arises from the hexagonal honeycomb lattice of U(IV) ions. This material gives rare evidence for U(IV) ions participating in magnetic order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Felder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
| | - Hans-Conrad Zur Loye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , South Carolina 29208 , United States
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