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Kasana S, Nigam V, Singh S, Kurmi BD, Patel P. A New Insight Into The Huisgen Reaction: Heterogeneous Copper Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition for the Synthesis of 1,4-Disubstituted Triazole (From 2018-2023). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400109. [PMID: 38640439 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The Huisgen cycloaddition, often referred to as 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition, is a well-established method for synthesizing 1,4-disubstituted triazoles. Originally conducted under thermal conditions [3+2] cycloaddition reactions were limited by temperature, prolonged reaction time, and regioselectivity. The introduction of copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) revitalized interest, giving rise to the concept of "click chemistry". The CuAAC has emerged as a prominent method for producing 1,2,3-triazole with excellent yields and exceptional regioselectivity even in unfavorable conditions. Copper catalysts conventionally facilitate azide-alkyne cycloadditions, but challenges include instability and recycling issues. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for heterogeneous and porous catalysts in various chemical reactions. Chemists have been more interested in heterogenous catalysts as a result of the difficulties in separating homogenous catalysts from reaction products. These catalysts are favored for their abundant active sites, extensive surface area, easy separation from reaction mixtures, and the ability to be reused. Heterogeneous catalysts have garnered significant attention due to their broad industrial utility, characterized by cost-effectiveness, stability, resistance to thermal degradation, and ease of removal compared to their homogeneous counterparts. The present review covers recent advancements from year 2018 to 2023 in the field of click reactions for obtaining 1,2,3-triazoles through Cu catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the properties of the catalyst, reaction conditions such as solvent, temperature, reaction time, and the impact of different heterogeneous copper catalysts on product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kasana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Vaibhav Nigam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Surbhi Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Balak Das Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Neshat A, Mahdavi A, Yousefshahi MR, Cheraghi M, Eigner V, Kucerakova M, Dusek M, Rezaie F, Kaboudin B. Heteroleptic Silver(I) and Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Structural Characterization, Computational Analysis, Tyrosinase Inhibitory, and Biological Effects. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16710-16724. [PMID: 37788161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization of (NHC)M-Cl (M = Ag, Au) with selected sulfur donors from the family of dialkyldithiophosphates and bis(2-mercapto-1-methylimidazolyl)borate ligands gave a series of heteroleptic mononuclear complexes. In single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Ag(I) complexes adopted a trigonal planar geometry, while Au(I) complexes are near-linear. TD-DFT and hole-electron analyses of the selected complexes gave insight into the electronic features of the metal complexes. In vitro cellular tests were conducted on the human cancerous breast cell line MCF-7 using 2 and 8. The antibacterial activities of complexes 1, 2, 3, 7, 8, and IPr-Ag-Cl were also screened against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus PTCC 1112) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli PTCC 1330) bacteria. Antityrosinase and hemolytic effects of the selected compounds were also determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Neshat
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Mahdavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Yousefshahi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mahdi Cheraghi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Vaclav Eigner
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 8 18221, The Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kucerakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 8 18221, The Czech Republic
| | - Michal Dusek
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, Prague 8 18221, The Czech Republic
| | - Forough Rezaie
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahwaz 6135783151, Iran
| | - Babak Kaboudin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), 444 Prof. Sobouti Blvd., Gava Zang, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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Neshat A, Akbari-Birgani S, Cheraghi M, Gilanchi S, Reza Yousefshahi M. A novel heteroleptic N-heterocyclic carbene gold(I)-borate complex: synthesis, DFT analysis and cytotoxicity studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Touj N, Nasr ISA, Koko WS, Khan TA, Özdemir I, Yasar S, Mansour L, Alresheedi F, Hamdi N. Anticancer, antimicrobial and antiparasitical activities of copper(I) complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands bearing aryl substituents. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1836359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Ibrahim S. Al Nasr
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Koko
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A. Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yasar
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
- Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alresheedi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Department of Science Laboratories, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
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Biological Activities of NHC–Pd(II) Complexes Based on Benzimidazolylidene N-heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands Bearing Aryl Substituents. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10101190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors (2a–i), their pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation stabilization and initiation (PEPPSI)-themed palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (3a–i) and palladium N-heterocyclic triphenylphosphines complexes (4a–i) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and LC–MS spectroscopic techniques. The (NHC)Pd(II) complexes 3–4 were tested against MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells, Escherichia coli, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Candida albicans microorganisms, Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigotes, Toxoplasma gondii parasites, and Vero cells in vitro. The biological assays indicated that all compounds are highly active against cancer cells, with an IC50 < 1.5 µg mL−1. Eight compounds proved antibacterial and antileishmanial activities, while only three compounds had strong antifungal activities against C. albicans. In our conclusion, compounds 3 (b, f, g, and h) and 4b are the most suitable drug candidates for anticancer, antimicrobial, and antiparasitical.
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Venderbosch B, Oudsen JPH, van der Vlugt JI, Korstanje TJ, Tromp M. Cationic Copper Iminophosphorane Complexes as CuAAC Catalysts: A Mechanistic Study. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bas Venderbosch
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre H. Oudsen
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ties J. Korstanje
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Tromp
- Sustainable Materials Characterization, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Materials Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AGGroningen, The Netherlands
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Click synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles catalyzed by melamine-supported CuO nanoparticles as an efficient recyclable catalyst in water. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04178-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Development of New Multicomponent Reactions in Eco-Friendly Media-Greener Reaction and Expeditious Synthesis of Novel Bioactive Benzylpyranocoumarins. J CHEM-NY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8693614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent cyclocondensation of hydrazine derivatives, ethyl acetoacetate, aromatic aldehydes, and 4-hydroxycoumarin has been reported. The optimization details of the developed novel protocol are recorded. The novel procedure features short reaction time, moderate yields, and simple workup. In addition, BMIM[triflate] was chosen as a green solvent. The structures of the obtained benzylpyrazolyl coumarins were determined and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and elemental analysis. The MIC values of benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives were determined by the microbroth dilution method using 96-well plates. However, the derivatives 5a, 5b, 5d, and 5g possess the strongest activities. Compound 5b was the most active derivative against Candida albicans. Moreover, the antioxidant activity determination of these coumarins derivatives 5(a–g)–6(a–g) were studied with the DPPH and compared with gallic acid (GA)and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Molecular modelling studies using DFT (density functional theory) calculations showed that there two tautomers A and B in which A is more stable than B. The benzylpyrazolyl coumarin derivatives 5e and 6f exhibited the most cytotoxic effect on the promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values 4.45 μg/mL against MDA-MB-231 and 4.85 μg/mL against MCF7, respectively.
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Kaushik CP, Sangwan J, Luxmi R, Kumar K, Pahwa A. Synthetic Routes for 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: A Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190514074146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic compounds like 1,2,3-triazoles serve as a key scaffolds among organic compounds having diverse applications in the field of drug discovery, bioconjugation, material science, liquid crystals, pharmaceutical chemistry and solid phase organic synthesis. Various drugs containing 1,2,3-triazole ring which are commonly available in market includes Rufinamide, Cefatrizine, Tazobactam etc., Stability to acidic/basic hydrolysis along with significant dipole moment support triazole moiety for appreciable participation in hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions with biological targets. Huisgen 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition culminate into a mixture of 1,4 and 1,5- disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. In 2001, Sharpless and Meldal came across with a copper(I) catalyzed regioselective synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles by cycloaddition between azides and terminal alkynes. This azide-alkyne cycloaddition has been labelled as a one of the important key click reaction. Click synthesis describes chemical reactions that are simple to perform, gives high selectivity, wide in scope, fast reaction rate and high yields. Click reactions are not single specific reaction, but serve as a pathway for construction of simple to complex molecules from a variety of starting materials. In the last few decades, 1,2,3-triazoles attracted attention of researchers all over the world because of their broad spectrum of biological activities. Keeping in view the biological importance of 1,2,3-triazole, in this review we focus on the various synthetic routes for the syntheisis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This review involves various synthetic protocols which involves copper and non-copper catalysts, different solvents as well as substrates. It will boost synthetic chemists to explore new pathway for the development of newer biologically active 1,2,3-triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chander P. Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Jyoti Sangwan
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Raj Luxmi
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
| | - Ashima Pahwa
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana-125001, India
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Boubakri L, Dridi K, Al-Ayed AS, Ozdemir I, Yasar S, Hamdi N. Synthesis of novel Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes soluble in both water and dichloromethane and their antimicrobial studies. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1620218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamia Boubakri
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Khaireddine Dridi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Organic and Heterocyclic synthesis Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Elmanar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdullah Sulaiman Al-Ayed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - I. Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - S. Yasar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Al-Rass, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Touj N, Chakchouk-Mtibaa A, Mansour L, Harrath A, Al-Tamimi J, Mellouli L, Özdemir I, Yasar S, Hamdi N. Synthesis, spectroscopic properties and biological activity of new Cu(I) N-Heterocyclic carbene complexes. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Husain AA, Bisht KS. Synthesis of a novel resorcin[4]arene–glucose conjugate and its catalysis of the CuAAC reaction for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in water. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10109-10116. [PMID: 35520904 PMCID: PMC9062644 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00972h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) in aqueous media using resorcin[4]arene glycoconjugate (RG) is reported. The eight β-d-glucopyranoside moieties constructed on the resorcin[4]arene upper rim provide a pseudo-saccharide cavity that offers a suitable host environment for water-insoluble hydrophobic azido and/or alkyne substrates in water. The utility of RG was established as an efficient inverse phase transfer catalyst for the CuAAC in water as a green approach for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole species. The catalytic utility of RG (1 mol%) was demonstrated in a multicomponent one-pot CuAAC for various azido/alkyne substrates. The RG acts as a molecular host and a micro-reactor resulting in the 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles in excellent yield. The Cu(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) in aqueous media using resorcin[4]arene glycoconjugate (RG) is reported.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A. Husain
- Department of Chemistry
- University of South Florida
- Tampa
- USA
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Touj N, Al-Ayed AS, Sauthier M, Mansour L, Harrath AH, Al-Tamimi J, Özdemir I, Yaşar S, Hamdi N. Efficient in situ N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(ii) generated from Pd(OAc) 2 catalysts for carbonylative Suzuki coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with 2-bromopyridine under inert conditions leading to unsymmetrical arylpyridine ketones: synthesis, characterization and cytotoxic activities. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40000-40015. [PMID: 35558245 PMCID: PMC9091359 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08897g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-Substituted benzimidazole salts were successfully synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C {1H} NMR and IR techniques, which support the proposed structures. Catalysts generated in situ were efficiently used for the carbonylative cross-coupling reaction of 2 bromopyridine with various boronic acids. The reaction was carried out in THF at 110 °C in the presence of K2CO3 under inert conditions and yields unsymmetrical arylpyridine ketones. All N,N-substituted benzimidazole salts 2a-i and 4a-i studied in this work were screened for their cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines such us MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D. The N,N-substituted benzimidazoles 2e and 2f exhibited the most cytotoxic effect with promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 4.45 μg mL-1 against MDA-MB-231 and 4.85 μg mL-1 against MCF7 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Touj
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Hammam-Lif Tunisia +966-6333-9351 +966-556-394-839
| | - Abdullah S Al-Ayed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University Al-Rass Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mathieu Sauthier
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, UMR CNRS 8181, USTL BP 90108, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq France
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University Al-Rass Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University Al-Rass Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamil Al-Tamimi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University Al-Rass Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Özdemir
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry Malatya Turkey
| | - Sedat Yaşar
- İnönü University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry Malatya Turkey
| | - Naceur Hamdi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technologies (LR16ES09), Higher Institute of Environmental Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage Hammam-Lif Tunisia +966-6333-9351 +966-556-394-839
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University Al-Rass Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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