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Dignam P, Elshafey M, Jeganathan A, Foo M, Park JS, Ratnaweera M. Prevalence and Factors Influencing Post-Operative Complications following Tooth Extraction: A Narrative Review. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:7712829. [PMID: 38756385 PMCID: PMC11098612 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7712829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Complications from dental extractions may result in multiple post-operative visits and adversely affect the patient's life. Preventing complications may decrease post-operative morbidity for the individual as well as lower societal costs, such as lost time from work and healthcare costs. Objectives This narrative review aims to assess the prevalence and factors influencing post-operative complications following tooth extraction, helping clinicians minimise the risk. Data Sources. Cross-sectional studies. Study Eligibility and Participants. Patients undergoing dental extractions. Our exclusion criteria included in vitro studies, animal studies, terminally ill patients, and tooth loss not due to dental extraction. Literature was collected from "PubMed" and "Web of Science" through search criteria based on the "PICO" framework. Twenty articles were used to formulate a prevalence table, and 156 articles were included for the factors influencing complications. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods. This narrative review was reported using the SANRA (a scale for the quality assessment of narrative review articles) checklist. Due to the scope of our narrative review and its associated objectives, the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS) will be conducted from the studies outlining the prevalence. Results Alveolar osteitis appears to be the most prevalent post-operative complication following tooth extraction. Predisposing factors can be significant in their ability to alter the risk of postoperative complications, and clinicians should provide patient-centred care to mitigate this risk. Limitations. Due to the breadth of context, a systematic review was not feasible, as it may have introduced heterogeneity. Conclusion This narrative review has highlighted an array of factors which can influence the prevalence of post-operative complications. Future research would benefit from individually reporting post-operative complications, reducing the heterogeneity in definitions of the complications, and including greater detail on the predisposing factors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dignam
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Mariam Elshafey
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Aparna Jeganathan
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Magdalen Foo
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Joon Soo Park
- UWA Dental School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
- International Research Collaborative—Oral Health and Equity, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- School of Engineering, Information Technology and Physical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Victoria, Ballarat, Australia
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Ribeiro ED, de Santana IHG, Viana MRM, Freire JCP, Ferreira-Júnior O, Sant'Ana E. Use of platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin (L-PRF) as a healing agent in the postoperative period of third molar removal surgeries: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:241. [PMID: 38573395 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of L-PRF as a healing agent in the postoperative period of third molar extraction surgeries, as well as to investigate secondary effects, such as the reduction of pain, edema and other discomforts after the surgical intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methodology adopted consisted of carrying out a systematic review of the literature, following the model outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The inclusion criteria were previously established according to a systematic review protocol approved by the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42023484679. In order to carry out a comprehensive search, a search in five databases was carried out, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase. RESULTS The search resulted in the selection of randomized controlled trials that conformed to the established criteria. Two authors independently screened the records and extracted the data. The assessment of bias was conducted according to the guidelines recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration, using version 2 of the Cochrane tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials (RoB 2). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that L-PRF stands out by providing direct benefits to healing, vascularization and tissue regeneration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE L-PRF plays an important role in reducing postoperative pain, edema, the incidence of alveolar osteitis and infections after third molar removal surgery, compared to patients who did not undergo the use of L-PRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Dias Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry (DCOS), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Sant'Ana
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, Brazil
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Albanese M, Zangani A, Manfrin F, Bertossi D, De Manzoni R, Tomizioli N, Faccioni P, Pardo A. Influence of Surgical Technique on Post-Operative Complications in the Extraction of the Lower Third Molar: A Retrospective Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:238. [PMID: 37886923 PMCID: PMC10605236 DOI: 10.3390/dj11100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The surgical extraction of the impacted third molar is frequently associated with several complications. The purpose of this study is to assess how two different surgical protocols affect post-operative complications during the extraction of the lower impacted third molars. In order to compare and evaluate two different techniques (triangular flap vs. envelope flap), and the relative post-extraction complications, two groups of 150 patients each underwent to surgical impacted third molar extraction and 60 days of follow-up. The complication rate in the two groups was 14.00% in group A and 17.33% in group B. There was a strong association between smoking (OR: 2.8) and the use of oral contraceptives (OR: 1.75) with complications. The age- and sex-related incidence of complications in hard tissue healing has great variability in the literature; the analysis performed on our data did not show a statistically significant association between them. Even though related to a higher incidence of transient changes in sensitivity, it was found that the envelope flap saw a lower percentage of complications. There is still no clarity on which is the best protocol for the extraction of the lower impacted third molar, and the choice often depends on the surgeon's experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicolò Tomizioli
- Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology (DIPSCOMI), University of Verona, Piazzale L.A, Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy; (M.A.); (A.Z.); (D.B.); (R.D.M.); (P.F.); (A.P.)
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Vuylsteke F, Cosyn J, Tytgat M, Eghbali A. The Effect of Terra-Cortril as Local Pain Medication on the Healing Process of a Fresh Extraction Socket: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4372. [PMID: 37445407 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Use of Terra-Cortril may reduce pain and discomfort after tooth extraction. It is widely used among dentists, especially for third molar extraction and for treatment of dry socket. Only few case reports described unsuccessful healing with formation of myospherulosis. (2) Aim: The primary objective of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the occurrence of unsuccessful healing between extraction sockets locally treated with Terra-Cortril (TC) (exposure cohort) and extraction sockets subjected to unassisted healing (non-exposure cohort). The assessment of the three-dimensional morphology of the bone was a secondary objective. (3) Material and methods: The records of patients who had one or more extractions between 1 January 2020 and 1 July 2021 followed by implant placement in one private practice were retrieved and data were extracted. At the time of implant placement, practitioners established, both clinically and radiographically, if the healing was successful or unsuccessful. Explanatory demographic as well as clinical variables were extracted from patient files, checked and supplemented by contacting patients in cases of missing data. (4) Results: 69 patients were included who had, in total, 99 extractions. The exposure cohort included 55 sites, while the non-exposure cohort included 44 sites. A total of 56 sites demonstrated successful healing, and 53 showed unsuccessful healing. The regression model identified TC as a significant predictor (p = 0.014) for unsuccessful healing with an odds ratio of 2.86. Sites treated with Terra-Cortril had a significantly greater bone defect at level -1 mm, level -3 mm, and level -5 mm from the bone crest, and significantly greater maximal vertical and horizontal bone defects. At sites where Terra-Cortril was used, significantly more surgical consequences were reported (70.91% vs. 18.18%, p < 0.001). (5) Conclusions: fresh extraction sockets treated with Terra-Cortril increased the likelihood of unsuccessful healing with an odds ratio of 2.86. The greater defect size leads to significantly more limitations when planning implants at sites previously treated with TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauve Vuylsteke
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Cosyn
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Tytgat
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Oral Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aryan Eghbali
- Private Practice Orthoparocare, Mankevosstraat 5, B-1860 Meise, Belgium
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La Rosa GRM, Marcianò A, Priolo CY, Peditto M, Pedullà E, Bianchi A. Effectiveness of the platelet-rich fibrin in the control of pain associated with alveolar osteitis: a scoping review. Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-05012-3. [PMID: 37014504 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this scoping review was to determine the effectiveness of the platelet-rich fibrin in the control of pain associated with alveolar osteitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Reporting was based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Extension for Scoping Reviews. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Scopus databases to identify all clinical studies on the application of platelet-rich fibrin in the control of pain caused by alveolar osteitis. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers and qualitatively described. RESULTS The initial search returned 81 articles, with 49 identified after duplicates removal; of these, 8 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Three of the eight studies were randomized controlled clinical trials, and four were non-randomized clinical studies, two of which were controlled. One study was case series. In all of these studies, pain control was evaluated using the visual analog scale. Overall, the use of platelet-rich fibrin resulted effective in the control of pain determined by alveolar osteitis. CONCLUSIONS Within the limits of this scoping review, the application of platelet-rich fibrin in the post-extra-extraction alveolus reduced the pain associated with alveolar osteitis in almost all the included studies. Nevertheless, high-quality randomized trials with adequate sample size are warranted to draw firm conclusions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pain associated with alveolar osteitis causes discomfort to the patient and is challenging to be treated. Use of platelet-rich fibrin could be a promising clinical strategy for pain control in alveolar osteitis if its effectiveness will be confirmed by further high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Antonia Marcianò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlotta Ylenia Priolo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Peditto
- Postgraduate School of Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenio Pedullà
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianchi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Materni A, Pasquale C, Longo E, Frosecchi M, Benedicenti S, Bozzo M, Amaroli A. Prevention of Dry Socket with Ozone Oil-Based Gel after Inferior Third Molar Extraction: A Double-Blind Split-Mouth Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040289. [PMID: 37102901 PMCID: PMC10137763 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth extraction is followed by a sequence of elaborate local changes affecting hard and soft tissues. Dry socket (DS) can occur as intense pain around and in the extraction site, with an incidence from 1–4% after generic tooth extraction to 45% for mandibular third molars. Ozone therapy has gained attention in the medical field because of its success in the treatment of various diseases, its biocompatible properties and its fewer side effects or discomfort than drugs. To investigate the preventive effect of the sunflower oil-based ozone gel Ozosan® (Sanipan srl, Clivio (VA), Italy) on DS, a double-blind split-mouth randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted according to the CONSORT guidelines. Ozosan® or the placebo gel were put in the socket, and the gels were washed off 2 min later. In total, 200 patients were included in our study. The patient population comprised 87 Caucasian males and 113 Caucasian females. The mean age of the included patients was 33.1 ± 12.4 years. Ozosan reduced the incidence of DS after inferior third molar extraction from 21.5% of the control to 2% (p < 0.001). Concerning the dry socket epidemiology, the incidence was not significantly correlated with gender, smoking or mesioangular, vertical or distoangular Winter’s classification. Post hoc power calculation showed a power of 99.8% for this data, with alpha = 0.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Materni
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudio Pasquale
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Eugenio Longo
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Frosecchi
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bozzo
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Amaroli
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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ALHarthi SS, Ali D, Alamry NZ, Alshehri MK, Divakar DD, BinShabaib MS. Photobiomodulation for Managing "Dry Socket": A Randomised Controlled Trial. Int Dent J 2023; 73:267-273. [PMID: 35803777 PMCID: PMC10023530 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are no studies that have evaluated the effect of Alveogyl with and without adjunct photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing self-rated post-operative pain (SPP) in patients with alveolar osteitis (AO; dry socket). The aim of the present randomised controlled trial was to assess the effectiveness of Alveogyl with and without PBMT for the management of SPP in patients with AO. METHODS Adult nonsmokers with diagnosed AO were included. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups. In Group 1, patients underwent mechanical curettage (MC) with copious normal saline irrigation. In Group 2, patients underwent MC + Alveogyl dressings in extraction sites which were changed every 48 hours until cessation of pain. In Group 3, patients underwent MC + Alveogyl followed by PBMT using a 660-nm indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide diode laser. In Group 4, patients were treated solely with PBMT. The visual analogue scale was used up to 3 postoperative days to assess SPP up to 3 days at 6- (T0) and 12-hour (T1) intervals. Statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc adjustment tests. Correlation between SPP scores and age, sex, and eruption status of teeth was assessed using logistic regression models. P values <.01 were nominated as being statistically significant. RESULTS In all, 14, 13, 14, and 14 individuals with AO were included in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. All patients had undergone extraction of mandibular third molars. At baseline and on day 1, there was no difference in SPP in all groups. On days 2 and 3, mean visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at T1 (P < .01) and T2 (P < .01) intervals were significantly high in Group 2 compared with Group 3. On days 2 and 3, mean VAS scores at T1 (P < .01) and T2 (P < .01) intervals were significantly high in Group 4 compared with Group 3. There was no difference in SPP in groups 3 and 4 on day 3 at T0 and T1 intervals. CONCLUSIONS PBMT following MC and Alveogyl dressing is more efficient in reducing SPP compared with MC with or without Alveogyl dressing in patients with AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha S ALHarthi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dena Ali
- Department of General Dental Practice, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Nujud Zayed Alamry
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed K Alshehri
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan D Divakar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Munerah S BinShabaib
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Alabdullah M, Kara Beit ZZ, Shehada A. Comparative Clinical Study of the Effect of Nigella Sativa Oil on Soft Tissue Healing and Inflammation Reduction Compared to Eugenol in the Context of Dry Socket. Cureus 2023; 15:e35375. [PMID: 36994285 PMCID: PMC10040295 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Research background Dry socket is one of the most common complications occurring after the extraction of a permanent tooth, but despite its high incidence, there is no established treatment for this condition. Nigella sativa oil has anti-inflammatory properties and enhances wound healing. Thus, we have decided to conduct a study to evaluate the efficacy of Nigella sativa oil in the context of dry sockets. Aim of the study This study aims to evaluate the effect of a Nigella Sativa oil dressing compared with an Eugenol dressing for the treatment of dry sockets in terms of accelerating soft tissue healing and reducing the intensity of inflammation. Materials and methods A total of 36 patients (19 males, 17 females), ranging between 20 and 50 years, 40 sockets with Alveolar osteitis randomized into 20 sockets for each group. In the first group, Eugenol with a Gelfoam carrier was used, in the second group, Nigella Sativa oil with a Gelfoam carrier was used and after copious irrigation with normal saline in both groups. Soft tissue healing and the degree of inflammation were monitored on the third (T1) and seventh (T2) days. Results The results of our study showed clinical and statistical superiority in favor of the Nigella Sativa oil group compared to the Eugenol group at time T2, where the P-value was less than 0.05. Conclusions Within the limits of our study, we found that Nigella Sativa oil led to better healing of soft tissues and reduced the intensity of inflammation in the context of dry socket, and was superior in effectiveness to Eugenol, and we recommend its use for the treatment of dry socket.
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Niemczyk S, Niemczyk W, Prokurat M, Grudnik K, Kuleszyński M, Niciejewska E, Lau K, Kasperczyk J. IMPACT OF E-CIGARETTES ON THE ORAL HEALTH - LITERATURE REVIEW. POLSKI MERKURIUSZ LEKARSKI : ORGAN POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA LEKARSKIEGO 2023; 51:271-275. [PMID: 37589115 DOI: 10.36740/merkur202303115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
E-cigarettes are electronic devices used to inhale aerosols generated from the vaporization of flavored liquids. Nowadays, the use of e-cigarettes has become one of the most popular alternatives to traditional smoking. The wide variety of devices and liquids makes it challenging to assess the health effects of using e-cigarettes. During the vaporization of e-liquids, toxins, carcinogens, and various other chemicals can be released and inhaled by the user. Limited data exist regarding the potential health impact of exposure to e-vapors, primarily derived from animal studies and in vitro research. The oral tissues are the first site of direct interaction with the components of the inhaled vapor. While e-cigarettes are commonly portrayed as safer alternatives to tobacco cigarettes, little is known about the short- or long-term health effects of their use. The aim of this review is to briefly present the available data regarding the impact of chemical ingredients and toxins present in e-cigarette vapors on oral cavity cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Niemczyk
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Wojciech Niemczyk
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Monika Prokurat
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Katarzyna Grudnik
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Mikołaj Kuleszyński
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Ewelina Niciejewska
- STUDENT SCIENTIFIC CIRCLE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Karolina Lau
- DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZABRZE, FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE, SILESIAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IN KATOWICE, ZABRZE, POLAND
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Øyri H, Jensen JL, Barkvoll P, Jonsdottir OH, Reseland J, Bjørnland T. Incidence of alveolar osteitis after mandibular third molar surgery. Can inflammatory cytokines be identified locally? Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:205-211. [PMID: 32898447 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1817546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to evaluate the relative incidence of alveolar osteitis (AO) after mandibular third molar surgery, post-operative findings and local expression of bone markers and cytokines. STUDY DESIGN In 445 patients, unilateral surgical third molars extractions were undertaken (584 teeth). Bone markers and cytokines were explored at the AO side and on the un-operated contralateral side and compared with the levels in samples from a control group of 18 persons without AO. RESULTS The relative incidence of AO was 4.6%. Patients (n = 27) with AO were invited to participate in the study and 21 (77.8%) did so. Patients with AO had 1-4 extra visits for treatment of AO, the mean follow-up time was 2.6 days for all patients. There were significantly higher levels of bone markers and cytokines in the AO site compared with the un-operated contralateral site, except for Epidermal growth factor (EGF). No significant difference in expression of bone markers and cytokines between the AO and control groups was found. Lower maximum inter-incisor opening (MIO) was correlated with increased Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha. A negative correlation between patients' complaint of trismus and MIO was seen. CONCLUSIONS The relative incidence of AO was low in our patient group treated with surgical removal of third molars. AO was more frequently seen in female patients. Treatment of AO required up to four extra visits. The study provides some information on the role of cytokines in AO; but further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauk Øyri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Barkvoll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olga H. Jonsdottir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne Reseland
- Clinical Oral Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Bjørnland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Briggs K, Bell C, Breik O. What should every dental health professional know about electronic cigarettes? Aust Dent J 2021; 66:224-233. [PMID: 33428774 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) have become increasingly popular around the world. Currently, dental professionals' knowledge and attitudes are varied with many clinicians unclear regarding the impact of E-cigarette products on the oral and general health of their patients. With developing social and health-related challenges, advice of dental and medical associations and other regulatory bodies on E-cigarette use is changing. Growing evidence demonstrating the risks of E-cigarette usage has prompted a review of legislation in the United Kingdom (UK), United States of America (USA), Australia and Canada to include the sale and availability of E-cigarettes, particularly those containing nicotine. Further consideration within the scientific and public health community is being given to assessing demographic usage patterns particularly uptake by non-smokers and adolescents, efficacy as a cessation tool, the impact of vapour on bystanders and direct injuries via explosions as well as emerging lung injuries. This article aims to provide a summary of the most up to date evidence relating to E-cigarette use, the latest position of dental associations and the oral health implications of E-cigarettes compared to conventional smoking. The article also aims to collate this information in order to provide dental clinicians with guidance on how to advise patients, specifically in answering common questions posed regarding E-cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Briggs
- General Dentist, Private Practice, Brisbane, Australia
| | - C Bell
- Associate Specialist Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Bristol University Hospitals Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - O Breik
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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Burdurlu MÇ, Cabbar F, Dagasan VÇ, Işıksaçan NS, Olgaç V. The preventive effect of medicinal herbal extract and gelatin sponge on alveolar osteitis: An in vivo micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemical analysis in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:105002. [PMID: 33316659 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of medicinal herbal extract (MHE) and gelatin sponge on alveolar osteitis (AO) in an experimental rat model. DESIGN Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats with a mean age of 12 weeks were used. After extraction of the maxillary right first molar, an AO model was created for each animal. The animals were randomly separated to three equal groups. Group I served as a control, Group II was subjected to an intra-alveolar MHE application, and gelatin sponge was left in the sockets of Group III. On the 7th post-extraction day, the animals were sacrificed. The specimens were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histopathologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS Macroscopic evaluation revealed mild to intense signs of AO in all groups, but the difference was not significant (p < 0.05). Micro-CT analysis showed that bone formation was the highest in Group III (bone volume/total volume; 10.63 ± 4.9 %), whereas bone mineral density was the highest in Group I (2.05 ± 0.2 g/cm3). The difference was not significant (p > 0.05). In Group III, only 16.7 % of specimens showed no signal of inflammatory response (p < 0.01). The difference was not significant between the positive labeling for receptor activator of nuclear kappa-β (RANK), receptor activator of nuclear kappa-β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin and osteopontin, but the intensity of Groups II and III was higher than the Group I for osteopontin (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS MHE and gelatin sponge were not effective enough to prevent alveolar osteitis, but positive results were obtained in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muammer Çağrı Burdurlu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Bagdat Caddesi No.238, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkiye.
| | - Fatih Cabbar
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Bagdat Caddesi No.238, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Volkan Çağrı Dagasan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Bagdat Caddesi No.238, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Nevzat Sezer Işıksaçan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Bagdat Caddesi No.238, Kadikoy, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Vakur Olgaç
- Department of Pathology, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Topkapı, Turgut Özal Millet Cd No:118, 34093, Fatih, İstanbul, Turkiye
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Shafaee H, Bardideh E, Nazari MS, Asadi R, Shahidi B, Rangrazi A. The effects of photobiomodulation therapy for treatment of alveolar osteitis (Dry Socket): Systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102000. [PMID: 32919077 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dry socket (alveolar osteitis) is one of the most common complications that occur after the extraction of permanent teeth. The aim of this review was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBT) with other treatment methods on alveolar osteitis. METHODS AND MATERIALS MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane's CENTRAL online databases were searched based on the search strategy. Also, the prominent laser journals and the references of relevant studies were hand searched for eligible studies and then the data were extracted from the retrieved studies were extracted using piloted custom forms. The data were combined and analyzed using inverse-variance random-effect meta-analysis. RESULTS For the treatment of dry socket, pain perception based on the VAS score, PBT on average has a 3.41 higher pain level reduction compared to alveogyl which seems to be both statistically and clinically significant. In addition, based on the GRADE score, the evidence seems to be of moderate quality. Also, in the individual studies which were included in this systematic review, PBT seems to be more effective than other methods (Salicept, zinc-oxide eugenol, ozone, and photodynamic therapy) in pain reduction of patients with alveolar osteitis. CONCLUSIONS PBT, in general, has a higher ability in decreasing pain levels for patients with alveolar osteitis (dry socket) compared to alveogyl. Therefore, PBT could be used as an appropriate method for treatment and controlling the signs of dry socket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Shafaee
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Erfan Bardideh
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Nazari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Asadi
- Community Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahareh Shahidi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrasoul Rangrazi
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Özveri Koyuncu B, Işık G, Özden Yüce M, Günbay S, Günbay T. Effect of concentrated growth factors on frequency of alveolar Osteitis following partially-erupted mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized controlled clinical study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:222. [PMID: 32807173 PMCID: PMC7433081 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this prospective study was to assess the effectiveness of concentrated growth factors (CGF) in preventing the development of alveolar osteitis (AO) after the extraction of partially-erupted mandibular third molars. Methods Seventy patients (26 men and 44 women) 18 years or older (mean age 25.86; range 18–35) underwent 140 third molar extractions. All the patients presented with bilateral, partially-erupted mandibular third molars and underwent surgical extractions. In each case, one socket received CGF and the other served as a control. The predictor variable was the CGF application and the sides were categorized as ‘CGF’ and ‘non-CGF’. The outcome variable was the development of AO during the first postoperative week. Other study variables included age and gender. Data were analyzed using Cochran’s Q test with the significance level set at a P value less than 0.05. Results The overall frequency of AO was 11.4% for the control group. The frequency of AO in the CGF group was significantly lower than in the non-CGF group (p < 0.001). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, application of CGF fibrin gel may decrease the risk of AO development after mandibular third molar surgery. Trial registration This study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database on November 1, 2019 (ID: NCT04151147, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Özveri Koyuncu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege Univeristy, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Gözde Işık
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege Univeristy, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Özden Yüce
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege Univeristy, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Günbay
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege Univeristy, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Günbay
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege Univeristy, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
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Kamal A, Salman B, Razak NHA, Samsudin ABR. A Comparative Clinical Study between Concentrated Growth Factor and Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Dry Socket. Eur J Dent 2020; 14:613-620. [PMID: 32777838 PMCID: PMC7535966 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A dry socket is a well-recognized complication of wound healing following tooth extraction. Its etiology is poorly understood and commonly occur among healthy patients. As such, management strategies for dry socket has always been empirical rather than scientific with varying outcome. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and compared them to the conventional treatment in the management of dry socket. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty patients with one dry socket each, at University Dental Hospital Sharjah, were divided into three treatment groups based on their choice. In group I (n = 30), conventional treatment comprising of gentle socket curettage and saline irrigation was done. Group II (n = 15) dry sockets were treated with CGF and group III (n = 15) sockets were lased with LLLT. All dry socket patients were seen at day 0 for treatment and subsequently followed-up at 4, 7, 14, and 21 days. Pain score, perisocket inflammation, perisocket tenderness, and amount of granulation tissue formation were noted. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed as mean values for each treatment group. Comparisons were made for statistical analysis within the group and among the three groups to rank the efficacy of treatment using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistically significant difference is kept at p < 0.05. RESULTS Conventional treatment group I took more than 7 days to match the healing phase of group II CGF treated socket and group III LLLT irradiated socket (p = 0.001). When healing rate between CGF and LLLT are compared, LLLT group III showed a delay of 4 days compared with CGF in granulation tissue formation and pain control. CONCLUSION CGF treated socket was superior to LLLT in its ability to generate 75% granulation tissue and eliminate pain symptom by day 7 (p = 0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Kamal
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE.,School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
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The Efficacy of Concentrated Growth Factor in the Healing of Alveolar Osteitis: A Clinical Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:9038629. [PMID: 32454827 PMCID: PMC7240629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9038629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A dry socket also referred to as alveolar osteitis (AO) is a common postoperative complication following tooth extraction, due to the disruption of the clot within the wound. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in the healing of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction. Methods The study was conducted at University Dental Hospital Sharjah, UAE. Patients undergoing tooth extraction at the oral surgery clinic were advised to return immediately if they suffer from pain. Over the following first week after tooth extraction, patients who reported pain symptoms were recalled and all dry sockets were identified. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I patients received conventional treatment with socket curettage and saline irrigation only, while in group II CGF was inserted into the socket. Both groups were observed for pain score and quantification of granulation tissue formation. Results A total of 40 dry socket patients, aged between 18 and 60 years, from a total of 1,250 patients, were included in the study. 30 patients were given conventional treatment while another 10 patients were given CGF. Patients who received CGF had a pain score of 7-10 at presentation, and the pain score dropped to 0-3 on day 4 and further improved to 0-1 on day 7 (p = 0.001). Granulation tissue formation appeared in the conventional group I on day 7 while the CGF group II showed earlier granulation tissue formation by day 4 (p = 0.001). The posttreatment pain score is inversely proportional to the amount and rate of granulation tissue formation in the socket. Conclusion The study suggests that delivery of CGF into a dry socket helps relieve pain and expedite the wound healing process as shown by a statistically much lower pain score and earlier and more rapid formation of granulation tissue when compared to the conventional alveolar osteitis therapy.
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Barone A, Chatelain S, Derchi G, Di Spirito F, Martuscelli R, Porzio M, Sbordone L. Antibiotic's effectiveness after erupted tooth extractions: A retrospective study. Oral Dis 2020; 26:967-973. [PMID: 32027441 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the influence of antibiotics on the development of alveolitis after tooth extractions. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study population consisted of patients who had erupted tooth extractions in 3 centers. The patients' medical records were collected for several parameters. Moreover, use of antibiotics was evaluated. The primary outcome was the development of alveolitis during the postoperative period. The secondary outcome measure was the possible associations between alveolitis and other patients' characteristics. RESULTS A total of 1579 patient charts were screened. The patients enrolled in the study were 418 (159 males and 259 females). Alveolitis was reported for 12 extraction sites (2.87%). Six were in the group of patients that received antibiotics (2.14% out of 280 patients treated with antibiotics), and six were in the group of patients that did not receive antibiotics (4.35% out of 138 patients not receiving antibiotics). None of patient-level parameters showed any significant association with the development of alveolitis. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that the use of antibiotics after erupted tooth extractions is not useful in preventing alveolitis. Larger, prospective, and randomized studies are needed before incorporating these findings into the daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barone
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Area, School of Dental Medicine, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Unit of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dental Medicine, University-Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Chatelain
- Specialist in Oral Surgery and Implantology, Unit of Oral Surgery, Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, University Hospitals of Vaud, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Derchi
- Unit of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Area, School of Dental Medicine, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Di Spirito
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", School of Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ranieri Martuscelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Unit of Oro-Maxillofacial Oncology (UOC Maxillofacial Surgery) Clinical Department of Head and Neck (Chairman: Prof L.Califano), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Porzio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", School of Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", School of Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Complex Operating Unit of Odontostomatology, Head and Neck Clinical Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
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Xu JL, Xia R. Efficacy of plasma rich in growth factor used for dry socket management: a systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e704-e711. [PMID: 31655828 PMCID: PMC6901146 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main aim of this systematic review was to assess the dry socket management using plasma rich in growth factor (PRGF) in terms of pain relief, alveolar fossa healing, inflammation, the incidence of dry socket.
Material and Methods PubMed, Cochrane Library, Elsevier Science Direct, China Biology Medicine (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and VIP database were searched for the related articles without language limitation. Two reviewers independently searched and evaluated relevant studies. This review has been registered in the website PROSPERO (CRD42018087252).
Results 28 articles were retrieved on PubMed and 98 on other electronic databases in the initial search. In the end, 4 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, with a total of 139 patients enrolled. The descriptive results indicated that the use of PRGF may help reduce pain and inflammation after tooth extraction. To some extent, it is beneficial to the management of dry socket after extraction.
Conclusions Quality assessment indicated all the included studies were judged to be at high risk of bias with low quality. Hence, it was impossible to make a recommendation for clinical use of PRGF based on the current evidence. Clearly, a multicenter clinical randomized controlled trial is needed urgent to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PRGF for dry socket management. Key words:plasma rich in growth factor, PRGF, dry socket, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Xu
- No. 678 Furong Road Hefei 230601 People's Republic of China
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