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Sousa P, Correia-de-Oliveira S, Guimarães M, Dias Â, Moreira-Pinto J. Skene's Gland Cyst - Case Report of a 2-Year-Old Girl. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2023; 42:685-689. [PMID: 36881016 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2186694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skene's glands are the two largest paraurethral glands and the female homologue to the prostate glands. When their ducts become obstructed, cysts may be formed. This usually occurs in adult women. Most cases reported in pediatrics are neonatal, with a single report in a prepubertal girl. CASE REPORT We present a 25-month-old girl with a 7 mm nontender, solid, oval, pink-orange paraurethral mass, with no change over a five-month period. Histopathology revealed the cyst to be lined with transitional epithelium consistent with a Skene's gland cyst. The child did well with no sequalae. CONCLUSION We describe a Skene's gland cyst found in a prepubertal child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Sousa
- Department of Pediatrics, Senhora da Oliveira Hospital, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ângela Dias
- Department of Pediatrics, Senhora da Oliveira Hospital, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João Moreira-Pinto
- EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Centre (CEBIMED), Institute of Investigation, Innovation and Development, Fernando Pessoa Foundation (FP-I3ID), Porto, Portugal
- Pediatric Surgery, Fernando Pessoa Teaching Hospital, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
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López Soto Á, Bueno González M, Urbano Reyes M, Carlos Moya Jiménez L, Beltrán Sánchez A, Garví Morcillo J, Velasco Martínez M, Luis Meseguer González J, Martínez Rivero I, García Izquierdo O. Imaging in fetal genital anomalies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 283:13-24. [PMID: 36750003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Genital anomalies are a heterogeneous group of congenital pathologies that have become increasingly relevant since the Chicago Consensus of 2005. Their postnatal diagnosis has developed significantly in the last two decades, while prenatal diagnosis seems to be underdeveloped, with few protocols available, fragmented scientific literature, and low diagnostic rates. This review aims to examine the current status of this subspecialty from the perspective of prenatal imaging. Indications for the evaluation of fetal genitalia can be divided into medical and non-medical reasons. Medical reasons include sex-linked disorders, detection of other anomalies, relevant family history, or multiple pregnancy. Non-medical reasons include parental request for sex disclosure. Disclosure of fetal sex may be associated with ethical, legal, and medical issues. The main imaging technology used is 2D ultrasound, although there are other complementary techniques such as 3D, MRI, or Color Doppler. Regarding working methodology, several authors have drawn attention to the lack of standardized protocols and guidelines. Most guidelines tend to limit their recommendations to study indications and ethical issues. Technical proposals, measurements, or working methods have not yet been standardized. Fetal sex determination is usually divided into early and late gestation. Early gestation is based on the sagittal sign. Late gestation is based on direct visualization. There are several measurements to describe male and female genitalia, such as penile length, bilabial diameter, or scrotal diameter. Prenatal diagnosis of genital pathologies presents some particularities such as the wide spectrum of phenotypes, the high frequency of associated deformities, or the time of diagnosis. Some of the most frequent pathologies are ambiguous genitalia, fetal sex discordance, hypospadias, micropenis, clitoromegaly, ovarian cysts, hydro(metro)colpos, and cloacal anomalies. Higher-quality studies and direction from scientific societies through the implementation of clinical guidelines are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro López Soto
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Department of Obstetrics, HGU Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain.
| | | | - Maribel Urbano Reyes
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Department of Obstetrics, HGU Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Spain
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Bataineh ZA, Al Quran TM, Alabdulghany MH, Dahroug IS, Ibrahim HK, Al Malki YA. Neonatal Para-urethral Cyst: A Report of Three Cases. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2022; 35:85-87. [PMID: 34284080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Para -urethral cysts are rare benign lesions, especially in newborns. They are often asymptomatic but can be present with obstructive sequels. CASES We present the cases of 3 female newborn infants who were found to have a para-urethral cyst at birth with a characteristic finding of a displaced urethral opening. They were treated with the least invasive technique with total resolution on follow-up and good parental prospective. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Para-urethral cysts are sparsely reported and diagnosis is based on physical examination, although imaging studies sometimes are needed. They are expected to resolve spontaneously; therefore, management aims to prevent obstructive consequences. However, treatment can be conservative or surgical according to the patient presentation. Further reports of this rare disease will improve management planning and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad A Bataineh
- Department of General and Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Thekraiat M Al Quran
- Department of Public Health/Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Muhammad H Alabdulghany
- Division of Pediatric and Neonatal Care, Al Habib Medical Group/Qassim Hospital, Buraydah, Saudia Arabia
| | - Islam S Dahroug
- Division of Pediatric and Neonatal Care, Al Habib Medical Group/Qassim Hospital, Buraydah, Saudia Arabia
| | - Hanan K Ibrahim
- Division of Pediatric and Neonatal Care, Al Habib Medical Group/Qassim Hospital, Buraydah, Saudia Arabia
| | - Yahya A Al Malki
- Division of Pediatric and Neonatal Care, Al Habib Medical Group/Qassim Hospital, Buraydah, Saudia Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudia Arabia
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Willborg BE, Carroll VG, Meltzer J. Newborn With Vaginal Cyst. Glob Pediatr Health 2021; 8:2333794X211052904. [PMID: 34708150 PMCID: PMC8543685 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x211052904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-term newborn female was born with a 0.5 × 0.5 cm golden-colored fluid filled sac at the posterior aspect of the vaginal introitus. Physical examination revealed a patent introitus without additional cysts, a normal positioned urethral meatus, and a patent anus. Stool and voiding occurred in the first 24 hours of life. Hymenal cysts are rare and spontaneously resolve in the first few weeks of life without intervention. Physical examination is important to distinguish hymenal cysts from other interlabial cysts that may require treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa G. Carroll
- Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Kootenai Health, Coeur d’Alene, ID, USA
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Newborn with interlabial cystic mass. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:965. [PMID: 34096139 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.2_15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mekhimer MI, Mandour AH, Selim SS, Wahba AH. A Rare Interlabial Mass in a 9-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:415-417. [PMID: 33486084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interlabial masses in infants and children are quite rare. One of their rarest causes is urethral polyp or urethral caruncle. It is a benign fleshy outgrowth at the urethral meatus. Certain etiology is still unknown. CASE A healthy 9-month-old female infant presented with a mass protruding from the vulva with no other complaints. Examination with the patient under general anesthesia revealed an interlabial mass appearing as a pedunculated pinkish polyp, originating from the posterior lip of the external urethral meatus. Surgical excision of the mass was done and histopathology confirmed it to be a urethral polyp. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Urethral polyps are rare in the pediatric age group. Their occurrence in this age group might support a congenital etiology. Surgical resection of polyps allows histopathological examination and a high cure rate with no risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Said S Selim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Amr H Wahba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Kueppers J, Wehrli L, Zundel S, Shavit S, Stahr N, Szavay P. OHVIRA-syndrome in a newborn. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2021.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Gynecological Problems in Newborns and Infants. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051071. [PMID: 33806632 PMCID: PMC7961508 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric-adolescent or developmental gynecology has been separated from general gynecology because of the unique issues that affect the development and anatomy of growing girls and young women. It deals with patients from the neonatal period until maturity. There are not many gynecological problems that can be diagnosed in newborns; however, some are typical of the neonatal period. This paper aims to discuss the most frequent gynecological issues in the neonatal period.
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Saito J, Tanaka H, Hoshina M, Ishibashi N, Suzuki S. Paraurethral cyst in a female newborn: A case report. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:103-105. [PMID: 31957198 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junya Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Megumi Hoshina
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ishibashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shigeo Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
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Cascais M, Miranda P, Coimbra D, Tiago J, Henriques R, Ramalho R. Newborn with a genital cystic lesion. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2018-000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Interlabial cysts in the newborn are rare findings and distinct entities are included in the differential diagnosis. Simple hymenal cysts are one of the most commonly reported and spontaneous regression frequently occurs. We report a case of a newborn with an introital cyst arising from the hymen.
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Navabi B, Ahmed SR, Dorraj N. An interlabial mass-like lesion in an otherwise healthy newborn girl. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 24:143-145. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Navabi
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Shakeela Rao Ahmed
- Department of Paediatrics, North Bay Regional Health Centre, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, North Bay, Ontario
| | - Negar Dorraj
- Department of Paediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario
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Cheong YL, Laksmi NK. Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich Syndrome: Case report of a newborn presenting with interlabial cyst. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/2010105818797141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A newborn with Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich Syndrome presented with interlabial cyst. The cyst was punctured and instilled with contrast medium for cystography to demonstrate the anatomy. Simple resection of the hemivagina septum at the same sitting resolved the obstruction. Early interventions done to clinch diagnosis and institute treatment would help to prevent future complications associated with menses retention and preserve fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ling Cheong
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, KK Women’s & Children’s Hospital, Singapore
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Tseng MH, Lin SH. Interlabial mass in a neonate with paraurethral cyst. World J Pediatr 2016; 12:121. [PMID: 26547212 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Tseng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, China
| | - Shih-Hua Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, China. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, China. .,Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, China.
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14
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Early regression of paraurethral cyst in a neonate. Pediatr Neonatol 2014; 55:225-7. [PMID: 23597543 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraurethral cyst is a rare cause of interlabial mass formation in female neonates. Paraurethral cysts are generally asymptomatic, and spontaneous regression is expected. However, the management of paraurethral cysts is a controversial topic. Here, we report the case of a female neonate with a paraurethral cyst that regressed spontaneously on day 3 after birth. Urgent surgical treatment of these cysts is not recommended during the early neonatal period.
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Unusual benign polypoid and papular neoplasms and tumor-like lesions of the vulva. Ann Diagn Pathol 2013; 18:63-70. [PMID: 24342664 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the prevalence and spectrum of unusual benign neoplasms and tumor-like lesions presenting as vulvar polyps and papules, to study their clinical, pathologic, hormonal, and developmental features and whether they have important associations with other pathologic lesions or clinical diseases. We conducted a retrospective review study of 115 vulvar specimens over 7 years. Common lesions, for example, fibroepithelial polyps, skin tags, papillomas, abscesses, viral warts and common cysts, were excluded. We found 21 cases (18%) with uncommon benign vulvar lesions. They included 7 epithelial cysts, 3 vascular lesions, 3 glandular neoplasms, 3 endometrioses, 1 caruncle, 1 pilonidal sinus, 1 prolapsed urethra, 1 seborrheic keratosis, and 1 granular cell tumor. The age range was between 1 and 64 years with a mean age of 33 years. Most (86%) were 2.5 cm or less. Many were asymptomatic incidental pathologic findings that can be missed clinically. Nine cases have important clinical associations or coexisting incidental pathologic lesions. Some lesions demonstrated hormone receptors. Some were clinically confused with fibroepithelial polyps, abscesses, warts, melanocytic lesions, and tumors. In conclusion, although the vulva is a small compartment, its developmental and histologic complexity can result in a variety of unusual and rare benign polypoid and papular lesions, some unique to the vulva, which might present diagnostic challenges to the clinicians and pathologists. In addition, many bear controversy regarding their histogenesis and origin of development in the vulva.
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Johnson CT, Millard SE, Wang MH, Ehsanipoor RM. Prenatal diagnosis of a paraurethral cyst. J Pediatr Urol 2013; 9:e91-3. [PMID: 23146295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Paraurethral cysts arising from Skene's gland are a rare cause of urogenital masses in the neonate. We report the case of a pelvic mass noted at the vaginal introitus on prenatal ultrasound that following delivery was found to be a paraurethral cyst. On prenatal ultrasound, there was no evidence of involvement of the urinary, gastrointestinal, or upper genital tract. Serial ultrasounds demonstrated slight enlargement of the cyst without other changes. The patient delivered at 33 weeks and postnatal evaluation demonstrated a paraurethral cyst. The cyst was managed expectantly and drained spontaneously on the second day of life with complete resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark T Johnson
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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