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Mehok LE, Walsh KT, Miller MM, Anastas TM, Hirsh AT. Exercise and Dietary Recommendations for Women with Chronic Pain: What's Weight and Race Got To Do with It? THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104505. [PMID: 38484856 PMCID: PMC11283970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Exercise and diet are beneficial for pain, yet many patients do not receive such recommendations from providers. This may be due to biases related to gender, race, and weight. We recruited medical students (N = 90) to view videos of women with chronic back pain performing a functional task; patients varied by weight (overweight/obese) and race (Black/White). For each woman patient, providers rated their likelihood of recommending exercises or dietary changes. Ratings significantly differed across recommendations (F(2.75, 244.72) = 6.19, P < .01) in that providers were more likely to recommend flexibility exercises than aerobic exercises and dietary changes and were more likely to recommend strength exercises than dietary changes. Results also indicated that women with obesity were more likely to receive aerobic (F(1,89) = 17.20, P < .01), strength (F(1,89) = 6.08, P = .02), and dietary recommendations (F(1,89) = 37.56, P < .01) than were women with overweight. Additionally, White women were more likely to receive a recommendation for flexibility exercises (F(1,89) = 4.92, P = .03) than Black women. Collectively, these findings suggest that providers' exercise and dietary recommendations for women with chronic pain are influenced by the weight status and racial identity of the patient. Future studies are needed to identify the reasons underlying these systematic differences, including the stereotypes and attitudes that may be driving these effects. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents results on how patient weight and race impact providers' exercise and diet recommendations for women with chronic back pain. Provider recommendations for these modalities may be systematically biased in a way that impedes care and impacts patient functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Mehok
- Behavioral Health Care Line, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kaitlyn T. Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis (IUI), Indianapolis, IN
| | - Megan M. Miller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tracy M. Anastas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam T. Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University Indianapolis (IUI), Indianapolis, IN
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Byvaltsev VA, Goloborodko VY, Kalinin AA, Shepelev VV, Pestryakov YY, Riew KD. A standardized anesthetic/analgetic regimen compared to standard anesthetic/analgetic regimen for patients with high-risk factors undergoing open lumbar spine surgery: a prospective comparative single-center study. Neurosurg Rev 2023; 46:95. [PMID: 37093302 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-023-02005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to improve the results of patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery who are at high risk for anesthesia and/or surgical complications. Two independent groups were compared: the study group (SG, n = 40) (standardized neuroanesthetic protocol with multimodal analgesia) and the control group (CG, n = 40) (intravenous anesthesia based on propofol and fentanyl). The data were collected using prospective observation of early and long-term results of lumbar fusion. After 24 months, the level of functional state and quality of life were studied. Patients in the SG did not have statistically significant changes in intraoperative hemodynamics; the best indicators of cognitive functions were noted. The effectiveness of the SG compared with the CG was confirmed by a statistically significantly lower amount of perioperative opioid drugs required (p = 0.01) and a minimal level of incisional pain (p < 0.05). An intergroup comparison of the adverse effects of anesthesia revealed a significantly lower number in the SG (n = 4) compared to the CG (n = 16) (p = 0.004). The number of postoperative surgical complications was comparable (p = 0.72). Intergroup comparison showed improved ODI, SF-36, and the Macnab scale at 24 months after surgery in the SG compared to the CG (p < 0.05). Long-term clinical results correlated with the level of incisional pain in the first three postoperative days. Our standardized neuroanesthetic protocol ensured effective treatment of postoperative incisional pain, significantly decreased the perioperative use of opioids, reduced adverse anesthesia events, and improved long-term clinical results in patients with high risk factors for anesthetic complications who undergoing open lumbar spine surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim A Byvaltsev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, 1 Krassnogo Vosstaniya Street, off 201, 664003, Irkutsk, Irkutskaya Oblast, Russia.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Victoria Yu Goloborodko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, 1 Krassnogo Vosstaniya Street, off 201, 664003, Irkutsk, Irkutskaya Oblast, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Andrei A Kalinin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, 1 Krassnogo Vosstaniya Street, off 201, 664003, Irkutsk, Irkutskaya Oblast, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Railway Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Valerii V Shepelev
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, 1 Krassnogo Vosstaniya Street, off 201, 664003, Irkutsk, Irkutskaya Oblast, Russia
| | - Yurii Ya Pestryakov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Irkutsk State Medical University, 1 Krassnogo Vosstaniya Street, off 201, 664003, Irkutsk, Irkutskaya Oblast, Russia
| | - K Daniel Riew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
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Evaluating Auricular Point Acupressure for Chronic Low Back Pain Self-Management Using Technology: A Feasibility Study. Pain Manag Nurs 2021; 23:301-310. [PMID: 34961729 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain, one of the most common reasons for seeking healthcare services, causes significant negative impacts on individuals and society. Nonpharmacologic therapies and self-management are included in practice guidelines, but their implementation is challenging. AIM To assess the feasibility of using an auricular point acupressure (APA) mobile app as a self-guided tool to learn and self-administer APA to manage chronic low back pain (cLBP) and to compare cLBP outcomes between 2 groups (app vs app + telehealth). DESIGN A 2-phase study design was used. In phase 1, participants (app group, n = 18) had in-person study visits and installed the app to learn and self-administer APA to manage cLBP. In phase 2, all research activities occurred remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, so a second group was recruited (app + telehealth, n = 19). The app + telehealth group underwent a virtual session, installed the app, and were provided the opportunity for questions and verification on the accuracy of the self-administered APA. SETTING The participants were recruited by distributing study flyers at outpatient clinics and referrals. PARTICIPANTS Participants with chronic low back pain were eliglbe for the study. METHODS Using a quasi-experimental design with a mixed methods approach, all participants were instructed to download the APA app, provided an APA kit (includes seeds embedded within pre-cut squares of adhesive tape), and advised to self-administer APA with guidance from the app for 4 weeks to manage their cLBP. Study outcomes were collected at the preintervention time point as well as postintervention and 1-month follow-up. Interviews were also conducted at the postintervention time point. RESULTS Of the 37 participants enrolled, six dropped out, and the attrition rate was 16%. Adherence to APA practice was high (85%-94%). After 4 weeks of APA treatment, participants in the app + telehealth group experienced a 29% decrease in pain intensity during the postintervention time point and a 35% reduction during the 1-month follow-up. Similar improvements were noted in pain interference (28%) and physical function (39%) for participants in the app + telehealth group at the 1-month follow-up. These changes are slightly higher compared with those in the app group (21% pain intensity reduction, 23% improved pain interferences, and 26% improved physical function) during the 1-month follow-up. Overall, APA was found to be feasible using the app and the qualitative findings showed acceptability of the intervention in both groups. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to learn and self-administer APA with an app, supplemented with either in-person or telehealth sessions, presenting a promising intervention toward cLBP self-management. Telehealth was found to boost this intervention effectively.
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Hussain MI, Nelson AM, Yeung BG, Sukumar L, Zheng K. How the presentation of patient information and decision-support advisories influences opioid prescribing behavior: A simulation study. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2021; 27:613-620. [PMID: 32016407 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The United States faces an opioid crisis. Integrating prescription drug monitoring programs into electronic health records offers promise to improve opioid prescribing practices. This study aimed to evaluate 2 different user interface designs for prescription drug monitoring program and electronic health record integration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four resident physicians participated in a randomized controlled experiment using 4 simulated patient cases. In the conventional condition, prescription opioid histories were presented in tabular format, and computerized clinical decision support (CDS) was provided via interruptive modal dialogs (ie, pop-ups). The alternative condition featured a graphical opioid history, a cue to visit that history, and noninterruptive CDS. Two attending pain specialists judged prescription appropriateness. RESULTS Participants in the alternative condition wrote more appropriate prescriptions. When asked after the experiment, most participants stated that they preferred the alternative design to the conventional design. CONCLUSIONS How patient information and CDS are presented appears to have a significant influence on opioid prescribing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa I Hussain
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ariana M Nelson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Brent G Yeung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lauren Sukumar
- Departments of Computer Science and Information Systems and Decision Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Strath LJ, Sorge RE, Owens MA, Gonzalez CE, Okunbor JI, White DM, Merlin JS, Goodin BR. Sex and Gender are Not the Same: Why Identity Is Important for People Living with HIV and Chronic Pain. J Pain Res 2020; 13:829-835. [PMID: 32425587 PMCID: PMC7187934 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s248424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sex differences in pain sensitivity have been well documented, such that women often report greater sensitivity than men. However, clinical reports highlighting sex differences often equate gender and sex. This is a particularly critical oversight for those whose gender identity is different than their genetic sex. Methods This preliminary study sets to analyze differences in pain responses between cisgender and transgender individuals living with HIV and chronic pain. A total of 51 African-American participants (24 cisgender men, 20 cisgender women, 7 transgender women) with similar socioeconomic status were recruited. Genetic sex, gender identity, depression and anxiety, pain severity, pain interference and pain-related stigma were recorded. Participants also completed a quantitative sensory testing battery to assess pain in response to noxious heat and mechanical stimuli. Results Transgender women and cisgender women demonstrated a greater magnitude of temporal summation for heat pain stimuli or mechanical stimuli compared to cisgender men. Specifically, transgender women reported greater mechanical summation than either cisgender women or cisgender men. Transgender women and cisgender women similarly reported greater chronic pain severity compared to cisgender men. Conclusion These data support the notion that gender identity may play a more significant role in pain sensation than genetic sex. These results further maintain that not only gender identity and genetic sex are distinct variables but that treatment should be based on identity as opposed to genetic sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa J Strath
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert E Sorge
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael A Owens
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Cesar E Gonzalez
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer I Okunbor
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dyan M White
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessica S Merlin
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Burel R Goodin
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Psychology, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Mehok LE, Miller MM, Trost Z, Goubert L, De Ruddere L, Hirsh AT. Pain Intensity And Attribution Mediate The Impact Of Patient Weight And Gender On Activity Recommendations For Chronic Pain. J Pain Res 2019; 12:2743-2753. [PMID: 31571978 PMCID: PMC6756840 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s218761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the notable benefits of physical activity for chronic pain, a large proportion of patients with chronic pain report that they do not receive activity-related recommendations from their providers. Research suggests that patient factors such as weight and gender influence activity-related recommendations for chronic pain. Research also suggests that appraisals of the intensity and cause of pain may explain these weight and gender effects. We investigated the influence of patient weight and gender on observers' likelihood of recommending activity-related treatments for pain. We also explored the mediating effects of observers' ratings of pain severity and the extent to which pain was due to medical and lifestyle factors (pain attribution). PATIENTS AND METHODS Healthy young adults (N=616; 76% female) viewed videos (Ghent Pain Videos of Daily Activities) and vignettes of 4 patients with chronic back pain performing a standardized functional task. Patients varied by gender (female, male) and weight (normal, obese), but were otherwise equivalent on demographic characteristics and pain behaviors. Participants rated how much pain they perceived the patients to be experiencing, the extent to which they attributed the pain to medical and lifestyle factors, and their likelihood of recommending exercise, physical therapy (PT), and rest. RESULTS Patient weight and gender significantly interacted to influence exercise, PT, and rest recommendations. Both pain intensity and pain attribution mediated the relationships between patient weight and activity recommendations; however, these mediation effects differed across gender and recommendation type. CONCLUSION Patient weight and gender influenced laypeople's activity recommendations for chronic pain. Moreover, the results suggest that observers' perceptions of pain intensity and pain attributions are mechanisms underlying these effects. If these findings are replicated in providers, interventions may need to be developed to reduce provider biases and increase their recognition of the benefits of physical activity for chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Mehok
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Megan M Miller
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zina Trost
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Liesbet Goubert
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies De Ruddere
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Mayer-Brown S, Basch MC, Robinson ME, Janicke DM. Impact of Child and Maternal Weight on Healthcare Trainee Clinical Assessment Decision Making: A Virtual Human Study. Child Obes 2019; 15:63-70. [PMID: 30388042 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult literature documents that healthcare providers rely on patient characteristics, such as age, race, and weight, when making clinical decisions. However, little research has examined these biases among pediatric populations. This study aimed to examine the impact of child and maternal weight and race on clinical decision-making of healthcare trainees in the context of a pediatric pain assessment using standardized virtual pediatric patients and mothers. METHODS Ninety-two healthcare trainees read a standardized clinical vignette describing a child with chronic pain, which was accompanied by eight virtual human (VH) scenes-each with a child and mother. Scenes varied by the dyad's race, child's weight status, and mother's weight status. For each scene, participants were asked to make six healthcare assessment ratings. RESULTS Participants rated children (M = 42.44 vs. 48.69; p < 0.001) and mothers (M = 51.06 vs. 65.31; p < 0.001) with obesity as being less likely to adhere to physician recommendations compared with healthy weight children and mothers. Child patients with obesity (M = 38.88 vs. 30.08; p < 0.001) and mothers with obesity (M = 49.71 vs. 43.71; p < 0.001) were also rated as bearing more responsibility for the child's health status compared with healthy weight peers. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that child and mother weight can impact clinical decision-making, as well as for the utility of VH technology in studying decision-making among healthcare trainees and providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mayer-Brown
- 1 Department of Child Psychiatry, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Molly C Basch
- 2 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael E Robinson
- 2 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - David M Janicke
- 2 Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Anastas TM, Meints SM, Gleckman AD, Hirsh AT. Social Influences on Peer Judgments about Chronic Pain and Disability. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 20:698-705. [PMID: 30583083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a leading cause of work absenteeism and disability compensation. Previous work demonstrates that patients with chronic illness often seek advice, such as whether or not to pursue disability benefits, from peers with similar health conditions. The current study examined the extent that social factors influence patients with chronic pain ("peers") when making disability judgments and recommendations for other patients with chronic pain. Participants (N = 71) made pain-related and disability ratings for fictional vignette patients that varied in weight (normal vs obese), fault of accident, and physical work demands. Results of repeated measures analyses of variance indicated that participants rated patients with obesity, who were not at fault, and who held a physically demanding job as experiencing more severe pain symptoms and disability and were more likely to recommend they seek disability benefits. Participants who had applied for disability benefits themselves rated patients as more disabled than participants who had not applied for disability. These data suggest that patients with chronic pain are influenced by patient and contextual factors when making pain-related and disability judgments for peers. These judgments may impact patient decision making via peer support programs and online forums. PERSPECTIVE: This study suggests that patients with chronic pain are influenced by patient weight, fault of accident, and physical work demands when making judgments about pain and disability for peers. Future studies should examine the extent such peer-to-peer recommendations influence actual disability-seeking behaviors for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Anastas
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Samantha M Meints
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.; Orthopedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Adam T Hirsh
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN..
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Driscoll MA, Knobf MT, Higgins DM, Heapy A, Lee A, Haskell S. Patient Experiences Navigating Chronic Pain Management in an Integrated Health Care System: A Qualitative Investigation of Women and Men. PAIN MEDICINE 2018; 19:S19-S29. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Driscoll
- Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - M Tish Knobf
- Department of Nursing, Yale School of Medicine, Orange, Connecticut
| | - Diana M Higgins
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine Service/Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alicia Heapy
- Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Allison Lee
- Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sally Haskell
- Pain Research, Informatics, Multimorbidities, and Education (PRIME) Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Brunner M, Schwarz T, Zeman F, König M, Grifka J, Benditz A. Efficiency and predictive parameters of outcome of a multimodal pain management concept with spinal injections in patients with low back pain: a retrospective study of 445 patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2018; 138:901-909. [PMID: 29511801 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-018-2916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Low back pain is one of the most common diseases of modern civilization. Multimodal pain management (MPM) represents a central approach to avoiding surgery. Short-term results are published rarely and often incomparable because of different treatment concepts. This study compared the subjective and objective parameters as well as the anamnestic and clinical parameters of 445 patients with low back pain before and after inpatient MPM to investigate the influence of this type of therapy on short-term outcome. The majority of patients were very satisfied (39%) or satisfied (58%) with the treatment outcome. The median pain reduction for back pain was 3.0 (IQR 2.88) (numeric rating scale, NRS), thus 66% and 2.75 (IQR 3.38, 62%) for leg pain. The main pain reduction occurred within the first 10 days of treatment and was clinically significant from day 5 onwards. The outcome for patients with hospitalization of more than 10 days was significantly worse. The parameters female sex, BMI of > 30, local pain, and pain duration of 3-24 months had a significantly better outcome. In contrast, age, treatment cause, depression, anxiety, and other diseases had no statistically significant influence on outcome. MPM therapy for more than 5 days seems to be an efficient short-term approach to treating low back pain. Knowledge of some of the outcome predictors helps to early identify patients who require more intensive individual care. In the case of no clear indication for surgery, MPM can be an appropriate treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Brunner
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Timo Schwarz
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Florian Zeman
- Centre for Clinical Studies, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias König
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | - Achim Benditz
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Center Regensburg, Asklepios Klinikum Bad Abbach, Kaiser-Karl-V-Allee 3, 93077, Bad Abbach, Germany.
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Boyle SL, Janicke DM, Robinson ME, Wandner LD. Using Virtual Human Technology to Examine Weight Bias and the Role of Patient Weight on Student Assessment of Pediatric Pain. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2018; 26:106-115. [PMID: 29869119 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-018-9569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of weight bias and demographic characteristics on the assessment of pediatric chronic pain. Weight status, race, and sex were manipulated in a series of virtual human (VH) digital images of children. Using a web-based platform, 96 undergraduate students with health care-related majors (e.g., Health Science, Nursing, Biology, and Pre-Medicine) read a clinical vignette and provided five ratings targeting the assessment of each VH child's pain. Students also answered a weight bias questionnaire. Group-based analyses were conducted to determine the influence of the VH child's weight and demographic cues, as well as greater weight bias on assessment ratings. Male and VH children with obesity were rated as more likely to avoid non-preferred activities due to pain compared to female and healthy weight children, respectively (both p < .001). The pain of VH children with obesity was rated as more likely to be influenced by psychological/behavioral issues compared to the pain of healthy weight VH children (p = .022). African American VH children were rated as experiencing significantly greater pain than Caucasian VH children (p = .037). As child weight increased, low weight bias participants felt more sympathy, while high weight bias participants felt less sympathy (p = .002). Also, low weight bias participants showed increased motivation to help, while high weight bias participants showed less motivation to help, as VH patient weight increased (p = .008). Child weight and evaluator weight bias may be influential in the assessment of pediatric pain. If supported by future research, results highlight the importance of training in evidence-based practice and education on weight bias for students majoring in health-care fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana L Boyle
- Division of Psychology, Nemours Children's Specialty Care, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Dr. #3150, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Michael E Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, 1225 Center Dr. #3150, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Laura D Wandner
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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