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Presley CJ, Dalal N, Davenport AP, Gounden A, Ramchandran K, Tonorezos E. Survivorship in Advanced Lung Cancer: Understanding a New Landscape and Opportunities. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2024; 44:e433298. [PMID: 38768420 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_433298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
People with advanced lung cancer represent a distinct group whose needs remain understudied, especially compared with people diagnosed with limited-stage disease. Fortunately, novel treatments such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors are leading to significant advances in prognosis and survival, even among those with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. However, there are known gaps in symptom management, psychosocial and nutritional support, complex care coordination, health behavior coaching, and health care delivery efforts among patients living with advanced lung cancer. Many of these patients would benefit from survivorship and palliative care approaches. In particular, survivorship care may include health care maintenance, treatment of immune-related adverse events and late- or long-term effects, frailty assessment and rehabilitation, and care coordination. Palliative care may be best suited to discuss ongoing symptom management, advanced care planning, and end-of-life considerations, as well as psychosocial well-being. To this end, we share a review of the current status of the palliative and survivorship care infrastructure for patients with advanced lung cancer and provide suggestions across the care continuum for this diverse group of patients and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Presley
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Ashley P Davenport
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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Pask S, Omoruyi A, Mohamed A, Chambers RL, McFarlane PG, Johansson T, Kumar R, Woodhead A, Okamoto I, Barclay S, Higginson IJ, Sleeman KE, Murtagh FEM. Telephone advice lines for adults with advanced illness and their family carers: a qualitative analysis and novel practical framework. Palliat Med 2024; 38:555-571. [PMID: 38600058 PMCID: PMC11107135 DOI: 10.1177/02692163241242329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telephone advice lines have been recommended internationally to support around-the-clock care for people living at home with advanced illness. While they undoubtedly support care, there is little evidence about what elements are needed for success. A national picture is needed to understand, improve and standardise service delivery/care. AIM To explore telephone advice lines for people living at home with advanced illness across the four UK nations, and to construct a practical framework to improve services. DESIGN A cross-national evaluation of telephone advice lines using structured qualitative interviews. A patient and public involvement workshop was conducted to refine the framework. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Professionals with responsibilities for how palliative care services are delivered and/or funded at a local or regional level, were purposively sampled. RESULTS Seventy-one interviews were conducted, covering 60 geographical areas. Five themes were identified. Availability: Ten advice line models were described. Variation led to confusion about who to call and when. Accessibility, awareness and promotion: It was assumed that patients/carers know who to call out-of-hours, but often they did not. Practicalities: Call handlers skills/expertise varied, which influenced how calls were managed. Possible responses ranged from signposting to organising home visits. Integration/continuity of care: Integration between care providers was limited by electronic medical records access/information sharing. Service structure/commissioning: Sustained funding was often an issue for charitably funded organisations. CONCLUSIONS Our novel evidence-based practical framework could be transformative for service design/delivery, as it presents key considerations relating to the various elements of advice lines that may impact on the patient/carer experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Pask
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Allen Omoruyi
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Rachel L Chambers
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Phillippa G McFarlane
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Therese Johansson
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rashmi Kumar
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Woodhead
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ikumi Okamoto
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen Barclay
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene J Higginson
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Katherine E Sleeman
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fliss EM Murtagh
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King’s College London, London, UK
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Donkor A, Adotey PN, Ofori EO, Ayitey JA, Ferguson C, Luckett T, Vanderpuye V, Osei-Bonsu EB, Phelan C, Hunt K. Prevalence of Preferences for End-of-Life Place of Care and Death Among Patients With Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JCO Glob Oncol 2024; 10:e2400014. [PMID: 38815191 DOI: 10.1200/go.24.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is limited information on preferences for place of care and death among patients with cancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The aim was to report the prevalence and determinants of preferences for end-of-life place of care and death among patients with cancer in LMICs and identify concordance between the preferred and actual place of death. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was conducted. Four electronic databases were searched to identify studies of any design that reported on the preferred and actual place of care and death of patients with cancer in LMICs. A random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled prevalences, with 95% CI, with subgroup analyses for region and risk of bias. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. Of 3,837 patients with cancer, 62% (95% CI, 49 to 75) preferred to die at home; however, the prevalence of actual home death was 37% (95% CI, 13 to 60). Subgroup analyses found that preferences for home as place of death varied from 55% (95% CI, 41 to 69) for Asia to 64% (95% CI, 57 to 71) for South America and 72% (95% CI, 48 to 97) for Africa. The concordance between the preferred and actual place of death was 48% (95% CI, 41 to 55) for South Africa and 92% (95% CI, 88 to 95) for Malaysia. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of preferred home death included performance status and patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSION There is very little literature from LMICs on the preferences for end-of-life place of care and death among patients with cancer. Rigorous research is needed to help understand how preferences of patients with cancer change during their journey through cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Donkor
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- IMPACCT (Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care Through Clinical Research and Translation), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Prince Nyansah Adotey
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Esther Oparebea Ofori
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jennifer Akyen Ayitey
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Caleb Ferguson
- School of Nursing, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Tim Luckett
- IMPACCT (Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care Through Clinical Research and Translation), Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Verna Vanderpuye
- National Centre for Radiotherapy Oncology Nuclear Medicine, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Caroline Phelan
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Katherine Hunt
- School of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Bock MA, Macchi ZA, Harrison KL, Katz M, Dini M, Jones J, Ayele R, Kutner JS, Pantilat SZ, Martin C, Sillau S, Kluger B. Does a novel community-based outpatient palliative care intervention for Parkinson's disease and related disorders improve care? Qualitative results from patients and care partners. Palliat Med 2024; 38:240-250. [PMID: 38267836 PMCID: PMC10865748 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231219923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care has the potential to address significant unmet needs in people with Parkinson's disease and related disorders, but models that rely on in-person specialty palliative care teams have limited scalability. AIM To describe patient and care partner experiences with a novel, community-based palliative care intervention for Parkinson's disease. DESIGN Qualitative study embedded in a randomized clinical trial to document participant experiences with a novel palliative care intervention (community neurologist training and remote team-based specialist palliative care). Transcripts were coded and thematically analyzed through a combination of team-based inductive and deductive coding. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight patients and 33 care partners purposively sampled from participants in a randomized clinical trial of a palliative care intervention for Parkinson's disease and related disorders conducted at nine sites. RESULTS Benefits of the intervention included management of a wider range of non-motor symptoms, facilitation of conversations about the future, greater engagement with the health care team, and increased referrals to resources. Participants identified areas of improvement, including uptake of palliative care training by community neurologists, additional prognostic counseling, and clarity and timeliness of communication with the multidisciplinary team. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians caring for people with Parkinson's disease and related disorders should screen for non-motor symptoms, provide regular prognostic counseling, and refer to specialty palliative care services earlier in the course of illness. Future interventions should be designed to promote uptake of palliative care training by community neurologists and further optimize referral to and coordination with in-person or remote specialty palliative teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Bock
- Department of Neurology at University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary A Macchi
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine at University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Krista L Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics at University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maya Katz
- Department of Neurology at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Megan Dini
- Parkinson’s Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Jones
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Roman Ayele
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine at University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jean S Kutner
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven Z Pantilat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Palliative Medicine at University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Martin
- Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine at University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benzi Kluger
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, Division of Palliative Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Birkner DR, Schettle M, Feuz M, Blum D, Hertler C. Outpatient Palliative Care Service Involvement: A Five-Year Experience from a Tertiary Hospital in Switzerland. Palliat Med Rep 2024; 5:10-19. [PMID: 38249832 PMCID: PMC10797309 DOI: 10.1089/pmr.2023.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The value of early integration of palliative care has been demonstrated increasingly for the past years in both oncological and nononcological diseases. Outpatient palliative care services might represent a feasible approach to implement supportive care in early disease. In this study, we aimed at evaluating which patients use and benefit from outpatient palliative care services, which symptoms are addressed most, and which support services are installed in this early phase of disease. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the entire patient collective of a recently developed palliative care outpatient clinic within the leading university hospital in Switzerland for a period of five years. Sociodemographics, symptoms, and information on disease as well as patient-reported outcomes were retrieved from the electronic patient files. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed by descriptive statistics between groups and survival was analyzed by means of Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank test. Results We report on 642 consultations of 363 patients between 2016 and 2020. Patients had a mean of 1.8 visits (range 1-10), with n = 340 patients (93.7%) of patients suffering from an oncological disease. Overall symptom load was high, with n = 401 (73.7%) of patient-reported outcomes reporting two or more symptoms. Distress levels of 5 or higher were reported in n = 78 (30.4%) of available patient-reported outcomes. Independent of the origin of primary disease and the length of the disease trajectory, patients were referred to the palliative care service in median only four months before death. Conclusion We identify high symptom load and distress in the outpatient palliative patient population. Patients benefitted from supportive medication, improvement of ambulatory support systems and advance care planning, and more than one-third of patients remained in follow-up, indicating a good acceptance of the service. Overcoming the overall late referral could, however, further increase the quality of life at earlier stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Schettle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Competence Center Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Feuz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Competence Center Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Blum
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Competence Center Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Hertler
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Competence Center Palliative Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zhang X, Xu T, Qin Y, Wang M, Li Z, Song J, Tang Q, Wang Z, Xu L, Wu L, Yue P. Exploring the needs and coping strategies of family caregivers taking care of dying patients at home: a field study. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:196. [PMID: 38087244 PMCID: PMC10714660 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most Chinese patients chose to die at home, therefore there is a reliance on the family caregivers to be involved in their palliative care. The needs and coping strategies of family caregivers in home-based palliative care are rooted in culture. Little is known about the needs and coping strategies of family caregivers taking care of dying patients at home. METHODS A field study using semi-structured interview, participant observation, documents and records collection was employed. The study was conducted in two palliative care outpatient departments in tertiary hospitals and four communities in Beijing, China from March 2021 to July 2022. Using purposive sampling, twenty-five family caregivers were recruited. All collected data were analyzed using content analysis approach. RESULTS Five themes emerged, including three care needs and two coping strategies. Family caregivers need to learn care skills and acquire care resources, including (i) decision-making about home-based palliative care, (ii) improving patient's quality of life, and (iii) signs of final hours and funeral procedures. In facing the care burden, family caregivers coped by (iv) balancing the roles of caregivers and individuals: giving priority to patient care while maintaining their own normal life. In facing the death of a loved one, family caregivers responded by (v) making room for coming death by facing death indirectly and "rescuing" patients for consolation while preparing for the coming death. CONCLUSION Family caregivers strive to balance the roles of being caregivers and being themselves. As caregivers, they actively prepare patients for good death with no regrets. As individuals, they preserve themselves from being hurt to maintain normal life. The needs of family caregivers focus on caregiver role and are manifested in care skills and resources. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Tianmeng Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Hospice & Palliative Care Department Ward of Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Puhuangyu community health center, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100079, China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingyu Song
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qianqian Tang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zidan Wang
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lijie Xu
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Puhuangyu community health center, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100079, China
| | - Peng Yue
- School of Nursing, Capital Medical University, 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Cross SH, Kavalieratos D. Public Health and Palliative Care. Clin Geriatr Med 2023; 39:395-406. [PMID: 37385691 PMCID: PMC10571066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Meeting the needs of people at the end of life (EOL) is a public health (PH) concern, yet a PH approach has not been widely applied to EOL care. The design of hospice in the United States, with its focus on cost containment, has resulted in disparities in EOL care use and quality. Individuals with non-cancer diagnoses, minoritized individuals, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and those who do not yet qualify for hospice are particularly disadvantaged by the existing hospice policy. New models of palliative care (both hospice and non-hospice) are needed to equitably address the burden of suffering from a serious illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah H Cross
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Dio Kavalieratos
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Liu H, Cook A, Ding J, Lu H, Jiao J, Bai W, Johnson CE. Palliative care needs and specialist services post stroke: national population-based study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023:spcare-2023-004280. [PMID: 37500566 DOI: 10.1136/spcare-2023-004280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To compare palliative care needs of patients admitted primarily with stroke and (2) to determine how the care needs of these patients affect their use of different types of specialist palliative care services. METHODS Observational study based on point-of-care data from the Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the association between patients' palliative care needs and use of community versus inpatient specialist palliative care services. RESULTS The majority of patients who had a stroke in this study population had mild or no symptom distress, but experienced a high degree of functional impairment and needed substantial help with basic tasks of daily living. A lower Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status score (OR=1.82, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.13) and occurrence of an 'unstable' palliative care phase (OR=28.34, 95% CI 9.03 to 88.94) were associated with use of inpatient versus community palliative care, but otherwise, no clear association was observed between the majority of symptoms and use of different care services. CONCLUSIONS Many people with stroke could potentially have been cared for and could have experienced the terminal phases of their condition in a community setting if more community support services were available for their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Liu
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Angus Cook
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Yale School of Internal Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Health Management Center, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhui Bai
- Department of Nursing, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Claire E Johnson
- AHSRI, University of Wollongong Faculty of Business, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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Autrey AK, James C, Sarvode Mothi S, Stafford C, Morvant A, Miller EG, Kaye EC. The Landscape of Outpatient Pediatric Palliative Care: A National Cross-Sectional Assessment. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 66:1-23. [PMID: 36870378 PMCID: PMC10330509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inpatient pediatric palliative care (PPC) has grown substantially over the past 20 years; however, PPC in the outpatient setting remains underdeveloped. Outpatient PPC (OPPC) offers opportunities to improve access to PPC as well as facilitate care coordination and transitions for children with serious illness. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the national status of OPPC programmatic development and operationalization in the United States. METHODS Utilizing a national report, freestanding children's hospitals with existing PPC programs were identified to query OPPC status. An electronic survey was developed and distributed to PPC participants at each site. Survey domains included hospital and PPC program demographics; OPPC development, structure, staffing, and workflow; metrics of successful OPPC implementation; and other services/partnerships. RESULTS Of 48 eligible sites, 36 (75%) completed the survey. Clinic-based OPPC programs were identified at 28 (78%) sites. OPPC programs reported a median age of 9 years [range: 1-18 years] with growth peaks in 2011, 2012 and 2020. OPPC availability was significantly associated with increased hospital size [P = 0.05] and inpatient PPC billable full time equivalent staff [P = 0.01]. Top referral indications included pain management, goals of care, and advance care planning. Funding primarily came from institutional support and billing revenue. CONCLUSIONS Although OPPC remains a young field, many inpatient PPC programs are growing into the outpatient setting. Increasingly, OPPC services have institutional support and diverse referral indications from multiple subspecialties. However, despite high demand, resources remain limited. Characterization of the current OPPC landscape is crucial to optimize future growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Autrey
- Pediatric Palliative Care Service Line, Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.K.A., A.M.), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (A.K.A., C.S., A.M.), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine (A.K.A., A.M.), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Casie James
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (C.J.), Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Suraj Sarvode Mothi
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (S.S.), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Caroline Stafford
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (A.K.A., C.S., A.M.), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alexis Morvant
- Pediatric Palliative Care Service Line, Children's Hospital New Orleans (A.K.A., A.M.), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (A.K.A., C.S., A.M.), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine (A.K.A., A.M.), New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elissa G Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University (E.G.M.), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Palliative Medicine, Nemours Children's Health (E.G.M.), Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Erica C Kaye
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital (E.C.K.), Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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DeGroot L, Pavlovic N, Perrin N, Gilotra NA, Dy SM, Davidson PM, Szanton SL, Saylor MA. Palliative Care Needs of Physically Frail Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Heart Failure. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 65:500-509. [PMID: 36736499 PMCID: PMC10192105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Physical frailty is emerging as a potential "trigger" for palliative care (PC) consultation, but the PC needs of physically frail persons with heart failure (HF) in the outpatient setting have not been well described. OBJECTIVES This study describes the PC needs of community dwelling, physically frail persons with HF. METHODS We included persons with HF ≥50 years old who experienced ≥1 hospitalization in the prior year and excluded those with moderate/severe cognitive impairment, hospice patients, or non-English speaking persons. Measures included the FRAIL scale (0-5: 0 = robust, 1-2 = prefrail, 3-5 = frail) and the Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale (IPOS) (17 items, score 0-68; higher score = higher PC needs). Multiple linear regression tested the association between frailty group and palliative care needs. RESULTS Participants (N = 286) had a mean age of 68 (range 50-92) were majority male (63%) and White (68%) and averaged two hospitalizations annually. Most were physically frail (44%) or prefrail (41%). Mean PC needs (IPOS) score was 19.7 (range 0-58). On average, participants reported 5.86 (SD 4.28) PC needs affecting them moderately, severely, or overwhelmingly in the last week. Patient-perceived family/friend anxiety (58%) weakness/lack of energy (58%), and shortness of breath (47%) were the most prevalent needs. Frail participants had higher mean PC needs score (26) than prefrail (16, P < 0.001) or robust participants (11, P < 0.001). Frail participants experienced an average of 8.32 (SD 3.72) moderate/severe/overwhelming needs compared to prefrail (4.56, SD 3.77) and robust (2.39, SD 2.91) participants (P < 0.001). Frail participants reported higher prevalence of weakness/lack of energy (83%), shortness of breath (66%), and family/friend anxiety (69%) than prefrail (48%, 39%, 54%) or robust (13%, 14%, 35%) participants (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Physically frail people with HF have higher unmet PC needs than those who are nonfrail. Implementing PC needs and frailty assessments may help identify vulnerable patients with unmet needs requiring further assessment and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay DeGroot
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing (L.D., N.P., N.P., S.L.S., M.A.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Noelle Pavlovic
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing (L.D., N.P., N.P., S.L.S., M.A.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy Perrin
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing (L.D., N.P., N.P., S.L.S., M.A.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nisha A Gilotra
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (N.A.G), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sydney M Dy
- Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health (S.M.D), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Szanton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing (L.D., N.P., N.P., S.L.S., M.A.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Abshire Saylor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing (L.D., N.P., N.P., S.L.S., M.A.S.), Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Ye Z, Jing L, Zhang H, Qin Y, Chen H, Yang J, Zhu R, Wang J, Zhang H, Xu Y, Chu T. Attitudes and influencing factors of nursing assistants towards hospice and palliative care nursing in chinese nursing homes: a cross-sectional study. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:49. [PMID: 37098562 PMCID: PMC10127064 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01175-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospice and palliative care nursing (HPCN) in China is mainly available at public primary care institutions, where nursing homes (NHs) are rarely involved. Nursing assistants (NAs) play an essential role in HPCN multidisciplinary teams, but little is known about their attitudes towards HPCN and related factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate NAs' attitudes towards HPCN with an indigenised scale in Shanghai. A total of 165 formal NAs were recruited from 3 urban and 2 suburban NHs between October 2021 and January 2022. The questionnaire was composed of four parts: demographic characteristics, attitudes (20 items with four sub-concepts), knowledge (nine items), and training needs (nine items). Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression were performed to analyse NAs' attitudes, influencing factors, and their correlations. RESULTS A total of 156 questionnaires were valid. The mean score of attitudes was 72.44 ± 9.56 (range:55-99), with a mean item score of 3.6 ± 0.5 (range:1-5). The highest score rate was "perception of the benefits for the life quality promotion" (81.23%), and the lowest score rate was "perception of the threats from the worsening conditions of advanced patients" (59.92%). NAs' attitudes towards HPCN were positively correlated with their knowledge score (r = 0.46, P < 0.01) and training needs (r = 0.33, P < 0.01). Marital status (β = 0.185), previous training experience (β = 0.201), location of NHs (β = 0.193), knowledge (β = 0.294), and training needs (β = 0.157) for HPCN constituted significant predictors of attitudes (P < 0.05), which explained 30.8% of the overall variance. CONCLUSION NAs' attitudes towards HPCN were moderate, but their knowledge should be improved. Targeted training is highly recommended to improve the participation of positive and enabled NAs and to promote high-quality universal coverage of HPCN in NHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Ye
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Limei Jing
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongfa Qin
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hangqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiying Yang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ruize Zhu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jingrong Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tianshu Chu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Cailun Rd#1200, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, 201203, China
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12
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Cui J, Tan L, Fang P, An Z, Du J, Yu L. Prediction of Survival Time in Advanced Lung Cancer: A Retrospective Study in Home-Based Palliative Care Unit. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2023; 40:271-279. [PMID: 35576493 DOI: 10.1177/10499091221100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is a large group of patients suffering from lung cancer and receiving home hospice care in China. However, little is known about the prediction of their survival time. The purpose of this study was to determine whether quality of life independently predicts survival among advanced lung cancer survivors who are receiving home-based palliative care. Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed data from 937 advanced lung cancer patients who had received home-based palliative care between March 2010 and March 2020. We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves to determine the factors associated with survival time and applied the Cox proportional hazards model to examine the effect of quality of life on survival. Results: The study included 928 patients with a mean age of 63 years; and 72.1% of them were men. Factors associated with shortened survival included age, sex, place of residence, weight loss, anorexia, nausea, edema, quality of life, and Karnofsky performance status. After adjusting for other variables in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, we found that quality of life was an independent positive predictor of survival. Conclusions: As an independent factor predicting the survival of advanced lung cancer patients, quality of life should be taken seriously. Medical staff and healthcare workers need to pay special attention to this predictive factor since it may serve as early risk identification indicator for professionals who provide home-based palliative care, helping them to create effective personalized care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Cui
- RinggoldID:12390Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lanhui Tan
- RinggoldID:12390Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pei Fang
- RinggoldID:12390Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zifen An
- RinggoldID:12390Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiayi Du
- RinggoldID:12390Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liping Yu
- RinggoldID:12390Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
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13
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Nguyen JP, Gaillard H, Suarez A, Terzidis-Mallat É, Constant-David D, Van Langhenhove A, Evin A, Malineau C, Tan SVO, Mhalla A, Lefaucheur JP, Nizard J. Bicentre, randomized, parallel-arm, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of palliative care patients with refractory cancer pain. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:15. [PMID: 36849977 PMCID: PMC9972710 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a common symptom in palliative care cancer patients and is often insufficiently relieved. In recent years, transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) of the motor cortex has been shown to be effective to treat chronic pain, essentially neuropathic pain. We propose to test the efficacy of tDCS in patients experiencing cancer pain in the palliative care setting. METHOD/DESIGN This article describes the protocol of a bicentre, randomized, parallel-arm, sham-controlled clinical trial evaluating tDCS in the treatment of palliative care patients with refractory cancer pain. Seventy patients between the ages of 18 and 80 years experiencing refractory pain with a pain score of 4/10 on a numerical rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 to 10 will be enrolled in this trial. The main exclusion criteria are patients unable to fill in the various rating scales and life expectancy less than 3 weeks. Treatment consists of 5 consecutive tDCS sessions targeting the motor cortex (one daily session for 5 days) on the contralateral side to the pain. After randomization (1:1 ratio), 35 patients will receive active stimulation and 35 patients will receive sham stimulation. The primary endpoint is the NRS score and the primary objective is a significant improvement of this score between the baseline score recorded between D-3 and D-1 and the score recorded 4 days after stopping treatment (D8). The secondary objectives are to evaluate whether this improvement is maintained 16 days after stopping treatment (D21) and whether the following scores are improved on D14 and D21: Brief Pain Inventory, Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Medication Quantification Scale. DISCUSSION Positive results of this trial would indicate that tDCS can improve pain and quality of life of cancer patients in the palliative care setting. Reduction of analgesic consumption and improvement of activities of daily living should allow many patients to return home with a decreased workload for caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Nguyen
- Unité de Stimulation Transcrânienne, Clinique Bretéché, Groupe Elsan, Nantes, 44000 France ,grid.277151.70000 0004 0472 0371UIC22 et Service Douleur Soins Palliatifs et Soins de Support, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes, 44930 France
| | - Hélène Gaillard
- grid.277151.70000 0004 0472 0371UIC22 et Service Douleur Soins Palliatifs et Soins de Support, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes, 44930 France
| | - Alcira Suarez
- Unité de Stimulation Transcrânienne, Clinique Bretéché, Groupe Elsan, Nantes, 44000 France
| | | | - Diane Constant-David
- grid.277151.70000 0004 0472 0371UIC22 et Service Douleur Soins Palliatifs et Soins de Support, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes, 44930 France
| | - Aurélien Van Langhenhove
- grid.277151.70000 0004 0472 0371UIC22 et Service Douleur Soins Palliatifs et Soins de Support, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes, 44930 France
| | - Adrien Evin
- grid.277151.70000 0004 0472 0371UIC22 et Service Douleur Soins Palliatifs et Soins de Support, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes, 44930 France
| | - Catherine Malineau
- Unité de Stimulation Transcrânienne, Clinique Bretéché, Groupe Elsan, Nantes, 44000 France
| | - Son V. O. Tan
- Service de Neurochirurgie, University Hospital, Ho Chi Minh ville, Vietnam
| | - Alaa Mhalla
- grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878EA43910, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, 94000 France ,grid.50550.350000 0001 2175 4109Unité Douleur et Soins Palliatifs intégrés, DMU Cancer et spécialités, CHU Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevrier, APHP, Créteil, 94000 France
| | - Jean-Pascal Lefaucheur
- grid.410511.00000 0001 2149 7878EA43910, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, 94000 France ,grid.412116.10000 0004 1799 3934Unité de Neurophysiologie clinique, Hôpital Henri Mondor, APHP, Créteil, 94000 France
| | - Julien Nizard
- UIC22 et Service Douleur Soins Palliatifs et Soins de Support, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU), Nantes, 44930, France. .,EA43910, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, 94000, France.
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14
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Davis A, Repar P, Wilson M, De Luca E, Doutrich D, Thanasilp S. Transforming Nurse Self-Care Through Integration of Spirituality: Lessons From an International Collaboration in Palliative Care. J Transcult Nurs 2023; 34:91-99. [PMID: 36408564 DOI: 10.1177/10436596221134814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With growing evidence of compassion fatigue and burnout in health care, it is time for a deeper look at the vital practice of self-care among professionals providing palliative care. The purpose of this study was to provide insights into ways empowerment, caring for self, environment, and building relationships impact well-being among palliative care professionals. METHODS Interpretative descriptive methods framed focus group interviews, conducted during a conference on palliative care integrative health practices held in Thailand. An interprofessional research team used inductive reasoning processes to analyze the interviews. RESULTS Three themes emerged from the four focus groups (N = 22): Buddhist Beliefs and Practices, Community-mindedness, and Empowerment. Aspects of spirituality were consistently woven into self-care practices. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that self-care can be reimagined to include highly personal and unique expressions of spirituality. Health care communities are called to integrate ritual in culturally congruent ways, thus supporting health care professionals to find new sources of meaning, enrichment, and empowerment.
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15
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Olvera CE, Levin ME, Fleisher JE. Community-based neuropalliative care. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 191:49-66. [PMID: 36599515 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824535-4.00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Community-based palliative care is defined as palliative care delivered outside of the hospital and outpatient clinics. These settings include the home, nursing homes, day programs, volunteer organizations, and support groups. There is strong evidence outside of the neuropalliative context that community-based palliative care can reduce hospital costs and admissions at the end of life. Research that focuses on specialized community-based palliative care for neurologic disease have similar findings, although with significant variability across conditions and geographic locations. Several of these studies have investigated home-based care for neurologic conditions including dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, and motor neuron disease. Other work has focused on incorporating palliative care models into the treatment of patients with neurologic diseases within nursing home settings. Similar to nonneurologic community-based palliative care, little has been published on patient and caregiver quality-of-life outcomes in such models of care, although the emerging data are generally positive. Future studies should explore how best to provide comprehensive, cost-effective, scalable, and replicable models of community-based neuropalliative care, patient and caregiver outcomes in such models, and how care can be adapted between and within specific patient populations and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Olvera
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Melissa E Levin
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Chicago Medical School-Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jori E Fleisher
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States.
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16
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Langley J, Jelicic N, Hill TG, Kervin E, Pesut B, Duggleby W, Warner G. Intersectoral communication amongst healthcare providers regarding care plans: a scoping review. Palliat Care Soc Pract 2022; 16:26323524221092457. [PMID: 35493960 PMCID: PMC9039456 DOI: 10.1177/26323524221092457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Palliative care has become an increasingly important public health issue due to the rising acceptance of implementing a health promoting palliative care approach. To explore communication pathways that would facilitate implementation of this approach, we conducted a scoping review examining communication and enactment of care plans for older adults with life-limiting illnesses across health, social and community sectors. We used a scoping review methodology to map the current literature on communication plans between primary care and other sectors (community, health, and social). Five databases were searched MEDLINE (ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Elsevier), PsychInfo (EBSCO), and Scopus. The database search identified 5,289 records, after screening and hand-searching a total of 28 articles were extracted. Three major themes were determined through the records: (1) the importance of professional relationships across sectors, (2) the importance of community navigators in sharing the care plan, and (3) and creating comprehensive and multidisciplinary care plans. Findings suggested that enacting quality care plans is important to healthcare providers; the use of an electronic health records system can be useful in ensuring that all healthcare and community systems are in place to aid patients for better community-based care. Community navigators were also key to ensure that plans are communicated properly and efficiently. Further research is needed to determine how having a clear and properly implemented communication system for a healthcare system could facilitate community sector involvement in implementing care plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Langley
- Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, 5968 College Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nikolas Jelicic
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Taylor G. Hill
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Healthy Populations Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emily Kervin
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Barbara Pesut
- Faculty of Nursing, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Duggleby
- School of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Grace Warner
- School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Gardner DS, Doherty M, Ghesquiere A, Villanueva C, Kenien C, Callahan J, Reid MC. Palliative care for case managers: Building capacity to extend community-based palliative care to underserved older adults. GERONTOLOGY & GERIATRICS EDUCATION 2022; 43:269-284. [PMID: 30442079 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2018.1544129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Palliative care has demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating the biological, emotional, social, and spiritual symptoms that accompany serious illness, and improving quality of life for seriously ill individuals and their family members. Despite increasing availability, there are significant disparities in access to and utilization of palliative care, particularly among diverse, low-income, and community-dwelling older adults with chronic illness. Training frontline service providers is a novel approach to expanding access to palliative care among underserved elders. This article presents a process and outcome evaluation of a palliative care curriculum that was developed and piloted for geriatric case managers in a large urban area. We describe the background, planning, design, implementation, and preliminary outcomes associated with a pilot implementation of the curriculum. We conclude with implications for replicating efforts to enhance frontline providers' knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy in extending palliative care to communities that lack access to critical supports for their burdensome symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Gardner
- Silberman School of Social Work, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meredith Doherty
- PhD Program in Social Welfare, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Ghesquiere
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Cara Kenien
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean Callahan
- Brookdale Center for Healthy Aging, Hunter College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Cary Reid
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Cypher M, Axman LM. Determinants of Location of Death: A Secondary Analysis Utilizing Multinomial Logistic Regression. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2022; 39:1397-1402. [PMID: 35232266 DOI: 10.1177/10499091221077883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A discrepancy exists between where people would like to die and what actually occurs. More research about the factors influencing the location of death is required. Sources of Data and Research Design: Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine a sample taken from the fourth round of data collection performed by the National Health and Aging Trends Study conducted in 2014. Conclusions Reached: Census location, age, dementia, and use of hospice were found to have a statistically significant (P < .05) influence on the location of death (P = .000). The results suggest that the use of hospice increased the odds of dying at home (OR = 17.467, CI = 7.43-41.063) and in a nursing home (OR = 34.334, CI = 12.444-94.727) as compared to dying in the hospital. Further research is required on the topic of geographic location and place of death.
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Rollison J, Bandini JI, Gilbert M, Phillips J, Ahluwalia SC. Incorporating the Patient and Caregiver Voice in Palliative Care Quality Measure Development. J Pain Symptom Manage 2022; 63:293-300. [PMID: 34389415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite rapid growth in outpatient palliative care, we lack an understanding of patient and caregiver experiences of care received in this context. OBJECTIVES As part of a national effort to develop palliative care quality metrics for use in accountability programs, we sought to develop survey items assessing patients' experiences of outpatient palliative care, incorporating the patient's voice. METHODS We conducted 25 one-hour telephone cognitive interviews using a convenience sample of outpatient palliative care patients and caregivers to cognitively test survey items. Guided by a semi-structured protocol, we assessed the comprehensibility, ambiguity, and adaptability of survey instructions and specific items/response options. RESULTS Participants generally understood the intended meaning of the question content. Some participants struggled with the stated time period of three months as a reference period for reporting their experiences. While some expressed preferences for question wording, no clear patterns emerged across participants. CONCLUSION In general, question wording and response options did not present challenges to understanding content. Respondents ascribed a variety of meanings to the concepts, validating that the measures capture a range of experiences. However, the referenced timeframe of three months was more difficult to answer for some questions than others. Implications for research, policy or practice: Based on the findings from the cognitive testing, the survey items are being tested as part of a national study to understand the quality of care for patients. These measures may be used in the future by Medicare to help outpatient palliative care programs improve their care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sangeeta C Ahluwalia
- RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California, USA; UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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20
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Mondejar-Pont M, Abbott-Anderson K, Ramon-Aribau A, Kumpula R, Neiman T, De Ruiter HP. International Palliative Care Systems: A comparative case study protocol examining palliative care in rural areas. (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 11:e36037. [PMID: 35776505 PMCID: PMC9288105 DOI: 10.2196/36037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aging population in the Global North is associated with an increased prevalence of multiple chronic diseases that would benefit from integrated palliative care. In this context, it is vital to consider the effectiveness of health care systems’ response to the needs of the older population residing in rural areas, including access to palliative care services. Understanding palliative care program availability and palliative care system characteristics is important in creating useful health interventions in rural areas. Objective This study aims to provide an international view on palliative care in rural areas. A study exploring palliative care services offered in Southern Minnesota will be carried out, building on a previous study conducted in Osona, Spain. Findings from both studies will be compared, providing insights into the strengths of each system and identifying areas for growth. Methods This study will be performed using qualitative case study methodology. Using a similar methodology to the one used in the Spanish study, palliative care services will be explored in a similarly sized rural area in Southern Minnesota. This will be accomplished by (1) reviewing available literature related to the Southern Minnesota palliative care system and (2) identifying key providers in this US palliative care system who will be invited to participate in semistructured interviews. The study participants will be asked about the gaps between ideal integrated palliative care system services and the existing complementary palliative care services, and the ethical issues and dilemmas that evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Following ethical approval for this protocol, data collection is anticipated to begin in spring or summer 2022 and is expected to take 6 months. Data collection will be followed by data analysis in fall 2022. Finally, the researchers plan to disseminate the findings in spring 2023. Conclusions Comparing 2 similarly sized but culturally different rural palliative care systems in Minnesota and Osona will provide insights into how integrated palliative care systems impact the older population and those with chronic illnesses. Study findings will contribute to enhanced patient care, organizational improvements, policy change, and an understanding of the impact of different health care system models. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/36037
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Ramon-Aribau
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellness, University of Vic, Vic, Spain
| | - Renee Kumpula
- School of Nursing, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, United States
| | - Tammy Neiman
- School of Nursing, Minnesota State University, Mankato, MN, United States
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Chan HYL, Chung CKM, Tam SSC, Chow RSK. Community palliative care services on addressing physical and psychosocial needs in people with advanced illness: a prospective cohort study. BMC Palliat Care 2021; 20:143. [PMID: 34525996 PMCID: PMC8442652 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-021-00840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of palliative care into primary health care has been advocated to improve its accessibility and the continuity of care. Recent studies on such an approach have mainly focused on health care cost and utilization. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a community interdisciplinary palliative care program on the symptom experience of patients with advanced disease. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted. The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale was used for monthly assessment to monitor their condition. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine changes in symptom experience across time. RESULTS Forty-eight patients with a predominance of cancer diagnoses, enrolled in the program. They reported anxiety, hardly feeling at peace, and neither receiving information as wanted nor being able to share their feeling with family/friends as more overwhelming than physical symptoms. Improvements in emotional symptoms was statistically significant at 1-month follow up (p < 0.001). Improvements in communication/practical issues were also significant at the 1-month (p < 0.001) and 2-month (p = 0.005) follow-up. However, changes in symptom experiences in the subsequent months were not apparent. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals the overwhelming emotional, communication and information needs among patients with advanced diseases and provides empirical evidence of the community palliative care program in short term. Further work is needed to strengthen the medical-social partnership to support care in place albeit health deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Yue-Lai Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carmen Ka-Man Chung
- Endless Care Services, Elderly Services Section, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shawn Sze-Chai Tam
- Endless Care Services, Elderly Services Section, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rita Suk-Kuen Chow
- Endless Care Services, Elderly Services Section, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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22
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A Comparison of the Survival, Place of Death, and Medical Utilization of Terminal Patients Receiving Hospital-Based and Community-Based Palliative Home Care: A Retrospective and Propensity Score Matching Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147272. [PMID: 34299722 PMCID: PMC8307712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that community-based palliative home care (PHC) provision enhances continuous care and improves patient outcomes. This study compared patient survival, place of death, and medical utilization in community- versus hospital-based PHC. A retrospective cohort study was conducted of patients aged over 18 referred to either community- or hospital-based PHC from May to December 2018 at a tertiary hospital and surrounding communities in Southern Taiwan. A descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, t-test, and Log-rank test were used for the data analysis of 131 hospital-based PHC patients and 43 community-based PHC patients, with 42 paired patient datasets analyzed after propensity score matching. More nurse visits (p = 0.02), fewer emergency-room visits (p = 0.01), and a shorter waiting time to access PHC (p = 0.02) were found in the community group. There was no difference in the duration of survival and hospitalization between groups. Most hospital-based patients (57%) died in hospice wards, while most community-based patients died at home (52%). Community-based PHC is comparable to hospital-based PHC in Taiwan. Although it has fewer staffing and training requirements, it is an alternative for terminal patients to meet the growing end-of-life care demand.
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Smith GM, Calton BA, Rabow MW, Marks AK, Bischoff KE, Pantilat SZ, O'Riordan DL. Comparing the Palliative Care Needs of Patients Seen by Specialty Palliative Care Teams at Home Versus in Clinic. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 62:28-38. [PMID: 33246071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Understanding the unique needs of patients seen in clinic versus at home can help palliative care (PC) teams choose how to maximize available resources. OBJECTIVES To compare the characteristics and PC needs of patients seen by PC teams in clinic versus at home. METHODS We analyzed data from the Palliative Care Quality Network between August 2016 and September 2019 and compared demographics, diagnosis, reason for referral, PC needs, functional status, self-reported symptoms, and patient-reported quality of life. RESULTS Compared to patients receiving PC in clinic, patients receiving PC at home were more likely to be of age 80 years or older (odds ratio [OR] 7.5, 95% CI 5.0, 10.9, P < 0.0001), have lower functional status (mean Palliative Performance Scale score 53% vs. 68%, P < 0.0001), and were less likely to screen positive for needing pain management (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.22, 0.42, P < 0.0001) or other symptom management (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41, 0.90, P = 0.01). Patients receiving care at home were more likely to be referred for care planning (goals of care discussions or advance care planning) (OR 11.5, 95% CI 8.3, 16.0 P < 0.0001) and patient/family support (OR 5.9, 95% CI 4.2, 8.3, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Patients seen by PC teams at home had worse function and were more likely to be referred for care planning, while patients seen in clinic had more PC needs related to pain and symptom management. Despite these differences, both populations have significant PC needs that support routine assessment and require appropriately staffed interdisciplinary teams to address these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M Smith
- Stanford Section of Palliative Medicine, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.
| | - Brook A Calton
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael W Rabow
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angela K Marks
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kara E Bischoff
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven Z Pantilat
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David L O'Riordan
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Ernecoff NC, Altieri-Dunn SC, Bilderback A, Wilson CL, Saxon S, Ahuja Yende N, Arnold RM, Boninger M. Evaluation of a Home-Based, Nurse Practitioner-led Advanced Illness Care Program. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:2389-2393. [PMID: 34115993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the United States, people with serious illness often experience gaps and discontinuity in care. Gaps are frequently exacerbated by limited mobility, need for social support, and challenges managing multiple comorbidities. The Advanced Illness Care (AIC) Program provides nurse practitioner-led, home-based care for people with serious or complex chronic illnesses that specifically targets palliative care needs and coordinates with patients' primary care and specialty health care providers. We sought to investigate the effect of the AIC Program on hospital encounters [hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits], hospice conversion, and mortality. DESIGN Retrospective nearest-neighbor matching. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Patients in AIC who had ≥1 inpatient stay within the 60 days prior to AIC enrollment to fee-for-service Medicare controls at 9 hospitals within one health system. METHODS We matched on demographic characteristics and comorbidities, with exact matches for diagnosis-related group and home health enrollment. Outcomes were hospital encounters (30- and 90-day ED visits and hospitalizations), hospice conversion, and 30- and 90-day mortality. RESULTS We included 110 patients enrolled in the AIC Program matched to 371 controls. AIC enrollees were mean age 77.0, 40.9% male, and 79.1% white. Compared with controls, AIC enrollees had a higher likelihood of ED visits at 30 [15.1 percentage points, confidence interval (CI) 4.9, 25.3; P = .004] and 90 days (27.8 percentage points, CI 16.0, 39.6; P < .001); decreased likelihood of hospitalization at 30 days (11.4 percentage points, CI -17.7, -5.0; P < .001); and a higher likelihood of converting to hospice (22.4 percentage points, CI 11.4, 33.3; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The AIC Program provides care and coordination that the home-based serious illness population may not otherwise receive. IMPLICATIONS By identifying and addressing care needs and gaps in care early, patients may avoid unnecessary hospitalizations and receive timely hospice services as they approach the end of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Ernecoff
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Susan Saxon
- Palliative and Supportive Institutive, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Namita Ahuja Yende
- Innovative Homecare Solutions, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Health Plan, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Geriatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert M Arnold
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Palliative and Supportive Institutive, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Boninger
- Innovative Homecare Solutions, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Jiao K, Chow AY, Wang J, Chan II. Factors facilitating positive outcomes in community-based end-of-life care: A cross-sectional qualitative study of patients and family caregivers. Palliat Med 2021; 35:1181-1190. [PMID: 33947292 DOI: 10.1177/02692163211007376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delivery of community-based end-of-life care for patients and family members has been recognized as an important public health care approach. Despite differences in different healthcare settings and the significance of a person-centered approach, little research has investigated facilitators of community-based end-of-life care from the perspective of service recipients. In particular, there has been limited exploration of strategies to ensure positive outcomes at an operational level. AIM To explore factors facilitating positive end-of-life care provision in community-based settings and how these are achieved in practice, from the perspectives of patients and family caregivers. DESIGN A qualitative cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken through semi-structured interviews with patients and family caregivers subjected to thematic analysis. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Ten patients and 16 family caregivers were recruited from an end-of-life community care program provided by four non-governmental organizations in Hong Kong. RESULTS Seven core themes were identified: positive emotions about the relationship, positive appraisals of the relationship, care through inquiring about recipients' circumstances, instrumentality of care (i.e. information, coaching on care, practical help, psychological support, multiple activities), comprehensiveness of care (i.e. diversity, post-death care, family-level wellbeing), structure of care (i.e. timely follow-up, well-developed system), and qualities of workers. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in service quality might be achieved through alternating the perceptions or emotional reactions of care recipients toward care providers and increased use of sensitive inquiry. Comprehensive care and positive outcomes might be facilitated by addressing the dualities of care by providing diverse choices in pre-death and post-death care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Jiao
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Amy Ym Chow
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Jockey Club End-of-life Community Project (JCECC), Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Iris Ik Chan
- Jockey Club End-of-life Community Project (JCECC), Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Cai Y, Lalani N. Examining Barriers and Facilitators to Palliative Care Access in Rural Areas: A Scoping Review. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2021; 39:123-130. [PMID: 33906486 DOI: 10.1177/10499091211011145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growth of palliative care (PC), access to PC remains challenging for rural Americans living with chronic diseases. Given the demand and benefits of PC, a comprehensive view of PC access would inform policymakers in developing PC services in rural areas. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to PC access in rural areas from the voices of service users and service providers during the past decade. METHODS A scoping literature review was conducted from 2010 to 2020 using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases. Results: Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria. Barriers to PC access in rural areas mostly arose in structural issues: (1) the inadequate knowledge and awareness of PC among both service users and providers and (2) the poorly structured PC system. Other barriers included communication gaps/challenges between providers and patients/families and cultural barriers. The facilitators mainly originated in patients/families' connectedness with local providers and with other social networks such as friends. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need for funding support to increase provider competency, service availability and accessibility, and the public knowledge and awareness of PC in rural areas. A holistic and tailored PC model that standardizes care delivery, referral and coordination, including family caregiver support programs, can improve care access. Future practice and research are warranted to implement and evaluate innovative approaches, such as a coordinated community-based approach, to the successful integration of PC in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cai
- School of Nursing, 311308Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nasreen Lalani
- School of Nursing, 311308Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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27
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Gordon B, Mason B, Smith SLH. Leveraging Telehealth for Delivery of Palliative Care to Remote Communities: A Rapid Review. J Palliat Care 2021; 37:213-225. [PMID: 33730904 DOI: 10.1177/08258597211001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Palliative care encompasses supportive health care for patients at any stage of illness aimed at relieving symptoms, controlling pain, managing stress, offering respite for caregivers, and optimizing the quality of life. To explore strategies for increasing access to palliative care among individuals living in remote/rural communities, a rapid review was conducted on studies that explored the use of telehealth applications with this population. From December 2019 to February 2020, the PRISMA methodology was used to gather peer-reviewed studies published in the English language. MedLine, Google Scholar, and EBSCO were searched; no date limitations were set. Given the diversity of study methodologies and outcomes, the findings were synthesized narratively. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias was also employed. Lastly, the studies were mapped to clinical guidelines for the various aspects of quality palliative care. The 18 studies found, published between 2004 and 2019, were conducted in seven countries and on five continents. Aims included evaluating feasibility, efficacy, and user satisfaction. Insights draw from a combined pool of 3,313 patients and 250 providers. Most studies involved oncology patients and employed videoconferencing or a web platform/online software with videoconferencing. Three themes emerged: delivery of care, symptom management and quality of life, and patient/caregiver/provider satisfaction levels. Telehealth proved effective for patient and medication monitoring, provider and specialist appointments, and palliative care consultations. Operational benefits included clinician time saved, shorter appointment wait times, and reduced no show rates; implementation challenges also emerged. Statistical improvements in quality of life and symptom management were reported. Nearly two-thirds of the studies reported positive experiences among patients, caregivers, and providers; about half included an interprofessional team. The studies primarily focused on the structure/process and physical aspects of quality palliative care, there was a paucity of insights on the spiritual, cultural, end of life, and ethical/legal aspects of care. Two-thirds (12/18) of the studies employed a descriptive design. Risk for selection, performance, detection, and reporting biases emerged for all the studies; for example, only four of the studies included control groups and less than 20% (3/18) reported on attrition of study participants. Additional limitations include the rapid review methodology which relied heavily on the lead author's decisions and the restriction of studies published only in the English language. More rigorous research is required to confirm the viability of clinical care delivery and establish best practices for quality, virtual palliative care to remote/rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gordon
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, USA
| | - Barbara Mason
- College of Pharmacy, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, USA
| | - Shauna L H Smith
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Idaho State University, Meridian, ID, USA
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28
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Kluger BM, Miyasaki J, Katz M, Galifianakis N, Hall K, Pantilat S, Khan R, Friedman C, Cernik W, Goto Y, Long J, Fairclough D, Sillau S, Kutner JS. Comparison of Integrated Outpatient Palliative Care With Standard Care in Patients With Parkinson Disease and Related Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol 2021; 77:551-560. [PMID: 32040141 PMCID: PMC7042842 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Importance Parkinson disease and related disorders (PDRD) have consequences for quality of life (QoL) and are the 14th leading cause of death in the United States. Despite growing interest in palliative care (PC) for persons with PDRD, few studies are available supporting its effectiveness. Objective To determine if outpatient PC is associated with improvements in patient-centered outcomes compared with standard care among patients with PDRD and their caregivers. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial enrolled participants at 3 academic tertiary care centers between November 1, 2015, and September 30, 2017, and followed them up for 1 year. A total of 584 persons with PDRD were referred to the study. Of those, 351 persons were excluded by phone and 23 were excluded during in-person screenings. Patients were eligible to participate if they had PDRD and moderate to high PC needs. Patients were excluded if they had urgent PC needs, another diagnosis meriting PC, were already receiving PC, or were unable or unwilling to follow the study protocol. Enrolled participants were assigned to receive standard care plus outpatient integrated PC or standard care alone. Data were analyzed between November 1, 2018, and December 9, 2019. Interventions Outpatient integrated PC administered by a neurologist, social worker, chaplain, and nurse using PC checklists, with guidance and selective involvement from a palliative medicine specialist. Standard care was provided by a neurologist and a primary care practitioner. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcomes were the differences in patient quality of life (QoL; measured by the Quality of Life in Alzheimer Disease scale) and caregiver burden (measured by the Zarit Burden Interview) between the PC intervention and standard care groups at 6 months. Results A total of 210 patients with PDRD (135 men [64.3%]; mean [SD] age, 70.1 [8.2] years) and 175 caregivers (128 women [73.1%]; mean [SD] age, 66.1 [11.1] years) were enrolled in the study; 193 participants (91.9%) were white and non-Hispanic. Compared with participants receiving standard care alone at 6 months, participants receiving the PC intervention had better QoL (mean [SD], 0.66 [5.5] improvement vs 0.84 [4.2] worsening; treatment effect estimate, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.47-3.27; P = .009). No significant difference was observed in caregiver burden (mean [SD], 2.3 [5.0] improvement vs 1.2 [5.6] improvement in the standard care group; treatment effect estimate, -1.62; 95% CI, -3.32 to 0.09; P = .06). Other significant differences favoring the PC intervention included nonmotor symptom burden, motor symptom severity, completion of advance directives, caregiver anxiety, and caregiver burden at 12 months. No outcomes favored standard care alone. Secondary analyses suggested that benefits were greater for persons with higher PC needs. Conclusions and Relevance Outpatient PC is associated with benefits among patients with PDRD compared with standard care alone. This study supports efforts to integrate PC into PDRD care. The lack of diversity and implementation of PC at experienced centers suggests a need for implementation research in other populations and care settings. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02533921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benzi M Kluger
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora.,Now with Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Janis Miyasaki
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maya Katz
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | - Kirk Hall
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Steven Pantilat
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Ryan Khan
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Cari Friedman
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Wendy Cernik
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Yuika Goto
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Judith Long
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Diane Fairclough
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Stefan Sillau
- Department of Neurology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora
| | - Jean S Kutner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora
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Clinical Nurse Specialist Collaboration With a Community-Based Palliative Care Program: An Evidence-Based Practice Project. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2021; 35:88-95. [PMID: 33534251 DOI: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES The purpose of the project was to evaluate the impact of a clinical nurse specialist (CNS) collaborating with an established Midwestern community-based palliative care program on the following quality outcomes: care coordination, 30-day readmissions, and emergency department (ED) utilization. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT Palliative care services are evolving from the inpatient setting to community-based models to meet the needs of patients in their homes. As community-based programs develop, healthcare systems are examining the various models of care. The evidence-based practice project evaluated a collaborative practice model between a CNS and a community-based palliative care team. Quantitative analysis included 30-day readmissions and ED utilization in a preimplementation and postimplementation design. Qualitative data were obtained from a focus group of the community-based palliative care team to discuss the role of the CNS on the team. OUTCOMES The addition of a CNS did not significantly impact 30-day readmissions or ED visits. An unexpected outcome was that the CNS intervention was associated with an increase in social work visits. Results of the focus groups suggested that the CNS improved care coordination, nursing support, education, and medical management. CONCLUSION Both quantitative and qualitative analyses suggest that the CNS enhanced coordination of care and quality outcomes. Examining the CNS contribution over a longer period will further clarify the CNS's impact to the team.
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30
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Sullivan DR. The Role of Palliative Care in Lung Cancer. Respir Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81788-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Empowering families facing end-stage nonmalignant chronic diseases with a holistic, transdisciplinary, community-based intervention: 3 months outcome of the Life Rainbow Program. Palliat Support Care 2020; 19:530-539. [DOI: 10.1017/s1478951520001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Families facing end-stage nonmalignant chronic diseases (NMCDs) are presented with similar symptom burdens and need for psycho-social–spiritual support as their counterparts with advanced cancers. However, NMCD patients tend to face more variable disease trajectories, and thus may require different anticipatory supports, delivered in familiar environments. The Life Rainbow Programme (LRP) provides holistic, transdisciplinary, community-based end-of-life care for patients with NMCDs and their caregivers. This paper reports on the 3-month outcomes using a single-group, pre–post comparison.
Method
Patients with end-stage NMCDs were screened for eligibility by a medical team before being referred to the LRP. Patients were assessed at baseline (T0), 1 month (T1), and 3 months (T2) using the Integrated Palliative Outcome Scale (IPOS). Their hospital use in the previous month was also measured by presentations at accident and emergency services, admissions to intensive care units, and number of hospital bed-days. Caregivers were assessed at T0 and T2 using the Chinese version of the Modified Caregiver Strain Index, and self-reported health, psychological, spiritual, and overall well-being. Over-time changes in outcomes for patients, and caregivers, were tested using paired-sample t-tests, Wilcoxon-signed rank tests, and chi-square tests.
Results
Seventy-four patients and 36 caregivers participated in this research study. Patients reported significant improvements in all IPOS domains at both 1 and 3 months [ranging from Cohen's d = 0.495 (nausea) to 1.793 (depression and information needs fulfilled)]. Average hospital bed-days in the previous month fell from 3.50 to 1.68, comparing baseline and 1 month (p < 0.05). At 3 months, caregiver strain was significantly reduced (r = 0.332), while spiritual well-being was enhanced (r = 0.333).
Significance
After receiving 3 month's LRP services, patients with end-stage NMCDs and their caregivers experienced significant improvements in the quality of life and well-being, and their hospital bed-days were reduced.
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Huo J, Hong YR, Turner K, Diaby V, Chen C, Bian J, Grewal R, Wilkie DJ. Timing, Costs, and Survival Outcome of Specialty Palliative Care in Medicare Beneficiaries With Metastatic Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2020; 16:e1532-e1542. [DOI: 10.1200/op.20.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE: ASCO recommends early integration of palliative care in treating patients diagnosed with metastatic lung cancer. Our study sought to examine utilization of timely specialty palliative care (SPC) and its association with survival and cost outcomes in patients diagnosed with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The 2001-2015 SEER-Medicare data were used to determine the baseline characteristics and outcomes of 79,253 patients with metastatic NSCLC. The predictors of early SPC use were examined using logistic regression. Mean and adjusted total and SPC-related costs were calculated using generalized linear regression. We used Cox regression model to determine the survival outcomes by SPC service settings. All statistical tests were two sided. RESULTS: The time from cancer diagnosis to the first SPC use has reduced significantly, from 13.7 weeks in 2001 to 8.3 weeks in 2015 ( P < .001). SPC use was associated with lower health care costs compared with those who had no SPC, from −$3,180 in 2011 ( P < .001) to −$1,285 in 2015 ( P = .059). Outpatient SPC use was associated with improved survival compared with patients who received SPC in other settings (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.88; P < .001). CONCLUSION: Patients diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC now have more timely SPC service utilization, which was demonstrated to be a cost-saving treatment. Strategies to improve outpatient palliative care use might be associated with longer survival in patients with metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Huo
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Young-Rock Hong
- Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Kea Turner
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | - Vakaramoko Diaby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Reetu Grewal
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Diana J. Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Chiang SW, Wu SC, Peng TC. The Experience to Implement Palliative Care in Long-term Care Facilities: A Grounded Theory Study of Caregivers. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2020; 15:15-22. [PMID: 33259952 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of caregivers in long-term care facilities as they implement palliative care. Although palliative care has been available in Taiwan for more than 30 years, it is often provided in hospitals, few models in the long-term care facilities. METHODS Semi-structured interviews using grounded theory methodology and purposive sampling. Two small long-term care facilities that had performed well in palliative care were selected from eastern Taiwan. A total of 12 caregivers participated in in-depth semi-structured face-to-face interviews. RESULTS Four major stages in the implementation of palliative care were identified: (1) feeling insecure, (2) clarifying challenges, (3) adapting to and overcoming the challenges, and (4) comprehending the meaning of palliative care. The core category of these caregivers as "the guardians at the end of life" reflects the spirit of palliative care. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that successful palliative care implementation would benefit from three conditions. First, the institution requires a manager who is enthusiastic about nursing care and who sincerely promotes a palliative care model. Second, the institution should own caregivers who possess personality traits reflective of enthusiasm for excellence, unusual ambition, and a true sense of mission. Third, early in the implementation phase of the hospice program, the institution must have the consistent support of a high-quality hospice team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wan Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Chen Wu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Tai-Chu Peng
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Ding J, Johnson CE, Qin X, Ho SCH, Cook A. Palliative care needs and utilisation of different specialist services in the last days of life for people with lung cancer. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 30:e13331. [PMID: 33111485 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (a) compare palliative care needs of lung cancer patients on their final admission to community-based and inpatient palliative care services; and (b) explore whether and how these care needs affect their utilisation of different palliative care services in the last days of life. METHODS Descriptive study involving 17,816 lung cancer patients who received the last episode of palliative care from specialist services and died between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018. RESULTS Both groups of patients admitted to community-based and inpatient palliative care services generally experienced relatively low levels of symptom distress, but high levels of functional impairment and dependency. "Unstable" versus "stable" palliative care phase (Odds ratio = 11.66; 95% Confidence Interval: 9.55-14.24), poorer functional outcomes and severe levels of distress from many symptoms predicted greater likelihood of use of inpatient versus community-based palliative care. CONCLUSIONS Most inpatient palliative care admissions are not associated with high levels of symptom severity. To extend the period of home care and rate of home death for people with lung cancer, additional investment is required to improve their access to sufficiently skilled palliative care staff, multi-disciplinary teams and 24-hour home support in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ding
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Claire E Johnson
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Eastern Health, Supportive and Palliative Care, Wantirna, VIC, Australia.,Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xiwen Qin
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Angus Cook
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Paramanandam G, Volk-Craft BE, Brueckner RM, O'Sullivan TM, Waters E. Avoided Hospitalization Criteria: Validating the Impact of a Community-Based Palliative Care Program. Palliat Med Rep 2020; 1:246-250. [PMID: 34223484 PMCID: PMC8241371 DOI: 10.1089/pmr.2020.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This report describes the experiences of a community-based palliative care (CBPC) program's efforts to understand the patterns of hospital utilization, specifically utilization reduction experienced by admitted patients. Efforts to quantify and describe an avoided hospitalization and opportunities to use these data to strengthen partnerships with local insurance payers to assure sustainability of the CBPC will be discussed. Background: Patients with serious chronic illness experience emergency room care and hospitalizations with increasing frequency as their health deteriorates. CBPC programs are well positioned to decrease hospital utilization by early involvement and improved care management. Methods: Arizona Palliative Home Care (AZPHC) program is a free standing CBPC in Maricopa County, Arizona, serving 3300 patients annually. An interdisciplinary team was formed within the CBPC to facilitate the identification of avoided hospital events and communicate these data to community partners in an effective and consistent manner. The processes developed by this team are described. Results: AZPHC has enhanced its hospitalization avoidance strategies by communicating the rate of hospitalization avoidance events in a consistent and strategic manner. Providing instances of avoided hospitalizations with accompanying patient narratives to payers has enabled AZPHC to demonstrate the impact the CBPC has on improving quality of care and reducing overall costs. Discussion: CBPC programs require payment for sustainability; therefore, partnerships with local insurance payers are essential. Presenting data that validate the impact of a program from a clinical and financial perspective will advance the growth of payer-CBPC provider relationships and secure a future for funded CBPC programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobi Paramanandam
- Palliative Care Program, Hospice of the Valley, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Erin Waters
- Palliative Care Program, Hospice of the Valley, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Grossoehme DH, Humphrey L, Friebert S, Ding L, Yang G, Allmendinger-Goertz K, Fryda Z, Fosselman D, Thienprayoon R. Patterns of Hospice and Home-Based Palliative Care in Children: An Ohio Pediatric Palliative Care and End-of Life Network Study. J Pediatr 2020; 225:152-156. [PMID: 32532649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of a cohort of patients referred to pediatric hospice and home-based palliative care (HBPC) programs across Ohio in 2016. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of patients referred to hospice/HBPC from 3 pediatric palliative care programs in Ohio in 2016. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the medical record and analyzed with descriptive statistics. RESULTS There were 209 patients referred: 49 (24%) to hospice and 160 (77%) to HBPC. The most common diagnoses were genetic/chromosomal syndromes (23%), neurologic or neurodegenerative conditions (23%), and cancer (21%). Durable medical equipment use was frequent (85%), with gastrostomy or jejunostomy tubes (22%) the most common. Most patients (64%) retained full-code resuscitation status. Fifty-seven patients (27%) died before July 1, 2018: 37 in hospice (18% of the overall cohort, 65% of decedents) and 20 in HBPC (10% of the overall cohort, 35% of decedents). Sixty-seven percent of hospice and 40% of HBPC patients died at home. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric hospice and HBPC programs serve a diverse cohort of patients. Patients referred to pediatric HBPC programs commonly die and are likely to die at home despite not being enrolled in hospice care. The high proportion of decedent HBPC patients indicates that the notion of hospice vs palliative care may present a false dichotomy in many children with life-limiting conditions. Reimbursement models for HBPC should reflect the clinical similarity to hospice in the care of children with life-limiting illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Grossoehme
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH; Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Lisa Humphrey
- Division of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Sarah Friebert
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH; Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Lili Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Gang Yang
- Division of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kristine Allmendinger-Goertz
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH; Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - Zachary Fryda
- Haslinger Family Pediatric Palliative Care Center, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH
| | - David Fosselman
- Division of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Rachel Thienprayoon
- Division of Palliative Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
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Bajwah S, Oluyase AO, Yi D, Gao W, Evans CJ, Grande G, Todd C, Costantini M, Murtagh FE, Higginson IJ. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of hospital-based specialist palliative care for adults with advanced illness and their caregivers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 9:CD012780. [PMID: 32996586 PMCID: PMC8428758 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012780.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious illness is often characterised by physical/psychological problems, family support needs, and high healthcare resource use. Hospital-based specialist palliative care (HSPC) has developed to assist in better meeting the needs of patients and their families and potentially reducing hospital care expenditure. There is a need for clarity on the effectiveness and optimal models of HSPC, given that most people still die in hospital and also to allocate scarce resources judiciously. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HSPC compared to usual care for adults with advanced illness (hereafter patients) and their unpaid caregivers/families. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, CDSR, DARE and HTA database via the Cochrane Library; MEDLINE; Embase; CINAHL; PsycINFO; CareSearch; National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) and two trial registers to August 2019, together with checking of reference lists and relevant systematic reviews, citation searching and contact with experts to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of HSPC on outcomes for patients or their unpaid caregivers/families, or both. HSPC was defined as specialist palliative care delivered by a palliative care team that is based in a hospital providing holistic care, co-ordination by a multidisciplinary team, and collaboration between HSPC providers and generalists. HSPC was provided to patients while they were admitted as inpatients to acute care hospitals, outpatients or patients receiving care from hospital outreach teams at home. The comparator was usual care, defined as inpatient or outpatient hospital care without specialist palliative care input at the point of entry into the study, community care or hospice care provided outside of the hospital setting. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data. To account for use of different scales across studies, we calculated standardised mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for continuous data. We used an inverse variance random-effects model. For binary data, we calculated odds ratio (ORs) with 95% CIs. We assessed the evidence using GRADE and created a 'Summary of findings' table. Our primary outcomes were patient health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptom burden (a collection of two or more symptoms). Key secondary outcomes were pain, depression, satisfaction with care, achieving preferred place of death, mortality/survival, unpaid caregiver burden, and cost-effectiveness. Qualitative data was analysed where available. MAIN RESULTS We identified 42 RCTs involving 7779 participants (6678 patients and 1101 caregivers/family members). Twenty-one studies were with cancer populations, 14 were with non-cancer populations (of which six were with heart failure patients), and seven with mixed cancer and non-cancer populations (mixed diagnoses). HSPC was offered in different ways and included the following models: ward-based, inpatient consult, outpatient, hospital-at-home or hospital outreach, and service provision across multiple settings which included hospital. For our main analyses, we pooled data from studies reporting adjusted endpoint values. Forty studies had a high risk of bias in at least one domain. Compared with usual care, HSPC improved patient HRQoL with a small effect size of 0.26 SMD over usual care (95% CI 0.15 to 0.37; I2 = 3%, 10 studies, 1344 participants, low-quality evidence, higher scores indicate better patient HRQoL). HSPC also improved other person-centred outcomes. It reduced patient symptom burden with a small effect size of -0.26 SMD over usual care (95% CI -0.41 to -0.12; I2 = 0%, 6 studies, 761 participants, very low-quality evidence, lower scores indicate lower symptom burden). HSPC improved patient satisfaction with care with a small effect size of 0.36 SMD over usual care (95% CI 0.41 to 0.57; I2 = 0%, 2 studies, 337 participants, low-quality evidence, higher scores indicate better patient satisfaction with care). Using home death as a proxy measure for achieving patient's preferred place of death, patients were more likely to die at home with HSPC compared to usual care (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.16; I2 = 0%, 7 studies, 861 participants, low-quality evidence). Data on pain (4 studies, 525 participants) showed no evidence of a difference between HSPC and usual care (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.33 to 0.01; I2 = 0%, very low-quality evidence). Eight studies (N = 1252 participants) reported on adverse events and very low-quality evidence did not demonstrate an effect of HSPC on serious harms. Two studies (170 participants) presented data on caregiver burden and both found no evidence of effect of HSPC (very low-quality evidence). We included 13 economic studies (2103 participants). Overall, the evidence on cost-effectiveness of HSPC compared to usual care was inconsistent among the four full economic studies. Other studies that used only partial economic analysis and those that presented more limited resource use and cost information also had inconsistent results (very low-quality evidence). Quality of the evidence The quality of the evidence assessed using GRADE was very low to low, downgraded due to a high risk of bias, inconsistency and imprecision. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Very low- to low-quality evidence suggests that when compared to usual care, HSPC may offer small benefits for several person-centred outcomes including patient HRQoL, symptom burden and patient satisfaction with care, while also increasing the chances of patients dying in their preferred place (measured by home death). While we found no evidence that HSPC causes serious harms, the evidence was insufficient to draw strong conclusions. Although these are only small effect sizes, they may be clinically relevant at an advanced stage of disease with limited prognosis, and are person-centred outcomes important to many patients and families. More well conducted studies are needed to study populations with non-malignant diseases and mixed diagnoses, ward-based models of HSPC, 24 hours access (out-of-hours care) as part of HSPC, pain, achieving patient preferred place of care, patient satisfaction with care, caregiver outcomes (satisfaction with care, burden, depression, anxiety, grief, quality of life), and cost-effectiveness of HSPC. In addition, research is needed to provide validated person-centred outcomes to be used across studies and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Bajwah
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adejoke O Oluyase
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Deokhee Yi
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Gao
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine J Evans
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gunn Grande
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chris Todd
- School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Fliss E Murtagh
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Irene J Higginson
- Cicely Saunders Institute of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, King's College London, London, UK
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Kochovska S, Ferreira DH, Luckett T, Phillips JL, Currow DC. Earlier multidisciplinary palliative care intervention for people with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1699-1709. [PMID: 32953543 PMCID: PMC7481603 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.12.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and leading cause of cancer mortality globally. Lung cancer is associated with significant morbidity, with symptoms often being poorly managed, causing significant symptom burden for both patients and their family caregivers. In people with life-limiting illnesses including advanced cancer, palliative care has been effective in improving symptom control, physical and mental wellbeing, quality of life, and survivorship; with benefits extending to caregivers while in the role and subsequently. Earlier integration of palliative care within oncology may be associated with improved patient outcomes, and has been supported by two Lancet commissions and national guidelines. The evidence for its effectiveness, however, has been mixed across the cancer spectrum. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current evidence for the effectiveness of early integrated palliative care in improving outcomes for people with lung cancer and their caregivers. Meta-analyses were performed where studies used the same measure. Otherwise, synthesis used a narrative approach. Similar to other types of advanced cancer, this review reveals mixed evidence for the effectiveness of early referral to palliative care and for the effectiveness of individual palliative interventions for people with lung cancer and their caregivers. Evidence that on-demand palliative care is equally, if not more effective than palliative care that is routinely provided, raises the question whether initiation and provision of palliative care as part of multidisciplinary lung cancer care ought to be guided by an early referral or need-based referral. Better understanding of what constitutes palliative care when delivered to people with lung cancer and their caregivers will help delineate the correlation with reported outcomes for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavica Kochovska
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana H Ferreira
- Discipline Palliative and Supportive Services, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Tim Luckett
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane L Phillips
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C Currow
- IMPACCT, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Palliative care needs and utilization of specialist services for people imminently dying with dementia: A national population-based study. Int J Nurs Stud 2020; 109:103655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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DeGroot L, Koirala B, Pavlovic N, Nelson K, Allen J, Davidson P, Abshire M. Outpatient Palliative Care in Heart Failure: An Integrative Review. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:1257-1269. [PMID: 32522132 PMCID: PMC7469696 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early integration of palliative care (PC) for patients with heart failure (HF) improves patient outcomes and decreases health care utilization. PC provided outside of an acute hospitalization is not well understood. Objective: To synthesize the literature of outpatient PC in HF to identify the current landscape, the impact on patient health outcomes, key stakeholders' perspectives, and future implications for research and practice. Design: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and Web of Science was conducted from inception to February 2019 for studies of outpatient PC in adults with HF. Each study was analyzed to describe study characteristics, location of PC, types of providers involved, participant characteristics, and main findings, and to characterize domains of PC addressed. Results: Most studies (N = 19) employed a quantitative design and were conducted in the United States. The most common locations of PC were the home or PC clinic and providers were mainly PC specialists. Outpatient PC improved quality of life, alleviated symptoms, and decreased rehospitalizations for patients with HF. No study addressed all eight domains of PC. The structural, physical, and psychological domains were commonly addressed, whereas, least commonly addressed domains were the cultural and ethical/legal domain. Women and ethnic minorities were underrepresented in the majority of samples. Conclusions: This integrative review highlights the need to promote primary PC and future PC research focusing on a holistic, integrated, team-based approach addressing all domains of PC in representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsay DeGroot
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Binu Koirala
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Noelle Pavlovic
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Katie Nelson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jerilyn Allen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia Davidson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Abshire
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Paramanandam G, Boohene J, Tran K, Volk-Craft BE. Impact of a Hospital Community Based Palliative Care Partnership: Continuum from Hospital to Home. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:1599-1605. [PMID: 32379530 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To discuss the outcomes of a formalized care transition process for palliative care patients from the hospital to the community. Background: Patients who received inpatient palliative care services from the specialist palliative care team in the hospital or who were identified as needing community palliative care services have inadequate support on discharge. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of patients admitted to the community based palliative care (CBPC) program, Arizona Palliative Home Care (AZPHC) over a 12-month period (June 2018 to May 2019) was undertaken with a focus on the frequency and pattern of hospital events pre- and postadmission to the program. Patient/family satisfaction data obtained from telephone surveys were evaluated. The medical records from patients (n = 294) with advanced complex illnesses who were admitted to AZPHC from the five Honor Health Network hospitals were included in this study. Results: Of the 294 patients' records reviewed, 80% were in the 65 and older age group and had a mean length of stay on AZPHC of ∼40 days. Comparing acute care utilization pre and post AZPHC admission, there was a reduction of 68.95% at 60 days and 68.22% at 90 days. In addition, 128 avoided hospital events were recorded, and 86% of patients were very likely to recommend AZPHC to family or friends. Discussion: Collaboration between a hospital palliative care team and a CBPC program resulted in high quality transitions across care settings and reduction in acute care utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobi Paramanandam
- Arizona Palliative Care Program, Hospice of the Valley, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jeanette Boohene
- Palliative Care, Honor Health, Scottsdale Osborn Medical Center, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Kelvin Tran
- Hospice of the Valley, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Ding J, Johnson CE, Lee YCO, Gazey A, Cook A. Characteristics of People with Dementia vs Other Conditions on Admission to Inpatient Palliative Care. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:1825-1833. [PMID: 32329901 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our aim was to (1) describe the clinical characteristics and symptoms of people diagnosed with dementia at the time of admission to inpatient palliative care; and (2) compare the nature and severity of these palliative care-related problems to patients with other chronic diseases. DESIGN Descriptive study using assessment data on point of care outcomes (January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2018). SETTING A total of 129 inpatient palliative care services participating in the Australian Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration. PARTICIPANTS A total of 29,971 patients with a primary diagnosis of dementia (n = 1,872), lung cancer (n = 19,499), cardiovascular disease (CVD, n = 5,079), stroke (n = 2,659), or motor neuron disease (MND, n = 862). MEASUREMENTS This study reported the data collected at the time of admission to inpatient palliative care services including patients' self-rated levels of distress from seven common physical symptoms, clinician-rated symptom severity, functional dependency, and performance status. Other data analyzed included number of admissions, length of inpatient stay, and palliative care phases. RESULTS At the time of admission to inpatient palliative care services, relative to patients with lung cancer, CVD, and MND, people with dementia presented with lower levels of distress from most symptoms (odds ratios [ORs] range from .15 to .80; P < .05 for all) but higher levels of functional impairment (ORs range from 3.02 to 8.62; P < .001 for all), and they needed more assistance with basic activities of daily living (ORs range from 3.83 to 12.24; P < .001 for all). The trends were mostly the opposite direction when compared with stroke patients. Patients with dementia tended to receive inpatient palliative care later than those with lung cancer and MND. CONCLUSION The unique pattern of palliative care problems experienced by people with dementia, as well as the skills of the relevant health services, need to be considered when deciding on the best location of care for each individual. Access to appropriately trained palliative care clinicians is important for people with high levels of physical or psychological concerns, irrespective of the care setting or diagnosis. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1825-1833, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ding
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Claire E Johnson
- Monash Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Supportive and Palliative Care, Eastern Health, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | | | - Angela Gazey
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Angus Cook
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Lin C, Kang SY, Donermeyer S, Teknos TN, Wells-Di Gregorio SM. Supportive Care Needs of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Referred to Palliative Medicine. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 163:356-363. [PMID: 32178571 DOI: 10.1177/0194599820912029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) face a unique set of unmet needs. A subset of these patients experience symptom control challenges related to their disease burden and treatments. A multidisciplinary approach involving palliative medicine is underutilized but crucial to identify and address these concerns. There is limited information on palliative integration with head and neck oncology. STUDY DESIGN Case series with planned data collection. SETTING Academic quaternary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We provide descriptive analyses of patients with HNC, including psychodiagnostic assessment and validated quality-of-life screening, from patients' first encounter at outpatient palliative medicine. RESULTS HNC (N = 80) contributed the greatest number of palliative referrals (25%) between 2010 and 2012. This cohort was 74% male and 79% Caucasian with a mean age of 53 years (95% CI, 51.1-54.9) and with stage IV disease of the oral cavity (28%) or oropharynx (31%). Sixty-three percent of patients had no evidence of disease. Seventy-five percent had a psychological history based on DSM-IV criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition), and 70% had a history of substance use disorder. The most distressing quality-of-life concerns were pain, housing and financial problems, and xerostomia. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HNC who were referred to palliative medicine are burdened by multiple physical, psychological, substance use, and social challenges. We recommend comprehensive cancer-specific screening, such as the James Supportive Care Screening, to triage patients to appropriate supportive care services. Palliative care is one of many services that these patients may need, and it should be utilized at any point of the disease trajectory rather than reserved for end-of-life care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen Y Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Samantha Donermeyer
- Department of Psychiatry and James Psychosocial Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Theodoros N Teknos
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Hassankhani H, Rahmani A, Taleghani F, Sanaat Z, Dehghannezhad J. Palliative Care Models for Cancer Patients: Learning for Planning in Nursing (Review). JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:3-13. [PMID: 31020622 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second cause of mortality in the world. Increased incidence of cancer and its growing trend have drawn attention to care for these patients. Palliative care is a solution for improving the quality of cancer care. However, only 14% of cancer patients in the world are receiving palliative care and most nurses lack the adequate knowledge and education to implement different palliative care models for cancer patients. This review of the literature intended to identify the palliative care models used by nurses for cancer patients as well as the similarities and differences between these models. Databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, google scholar, and CINAHL were searched, and experimental studies that presented palliative care models for cancer patients that nurses were involved were selected. From a total of articles selected by searching the databases, 16 experimental articles were selected. These articles presented 12 palliative care models that involved nurses and participants were cancer patients. The palliative care models presented in the experimental articles were based on hospice, hospital, home care, ambulatory, community, pediatric, spirituality, early, family, telehealth, dignity, and integrated. It was found out that several palliative care nursing models for cancer patients can be employed by nurses as they are the key agents in the provision of palliative care. The collaborative nature of the models, their positive consequences for patients being common components of models, and the implementation of the models considering the disease trajectory were among their distinctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hassankhani
- Medical-surgical Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Center of Qualitative Studies, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, South Shariati Street, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Azad Rahmani
- Medical-surgical Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Medical Education Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, South Shariati Street, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
| | - Fariba Taleghani
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezarjereeb Avenue, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Dehghannezhad
- Medical-surgical Department, Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, South Shariati Street, Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran.
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Ding J, Saunders C, Cook A, Johnson CE. End-of-life care in rural general practice: how best to support commitment and meet challenges? BMC Palliat Care 2019; 18:51. [PMID: 31238934 PMCID: PMC6593492 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-019-0435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have specifically assessed the scope, nature and challenges of palliative and end-of-life care in rural general practice. These knowledge gaps limit the development of evidence-based policies and services for patients in the last months of life. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and other stakeholders on rural GPs' involvement and challenges in providing palliative and end-of-life care in regional Australia. METHODS A qualitative study involving five focus groups with 26 GPs based in rural/regional Western Australia together with 15 individual telephone interviews with four GPs and 11 other stakeholders involved in end-of-life care across Australia. RESULTS The rural GPs' central role in end-of-life care was recognized by the majority of participants but multiple challenges were also identified. Some challenges were comparable to those found in urban settings but others were more pronounced, including resource limitations and lack of training. Inappropriate payment models discouraged GPs' involvement in some aspects of end-of-life care, such as case conferences and home visits. Compared to GPs in urban settings, those in rural/regional communities often reported closer doctor-patient relationships and better care integration and collaboration. These positive aspects of care could be further developed to enhance service provision. Our study highlighted the importance of regular interactions with other professionals and patients in providing end-of-life care, but many GPs and other stakeholders found such interactions more challenging than the more "technical" aspects of care. CONCLUSIONS Rural/regional GPs appear to be disproportionately affected by inappropriate payment models and limited resources, but may benefit from closer doctor-patient relationships and better care integration and collaboration relative to urban GPs. Systematic collection of empirical data on GP management at end-of-life is required to build on these strengths and address the challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ding
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Christobel Saunders
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Angus Cook
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Claire E. Johnson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia
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Fulton JJ, LeBlanc TW, Cutson TM, Porter Starr KN, Kamal A, Ramos K, Freiermuth CE, McDuffie JR, Kosinski A, Adam S, Nagi A, Williams JW. Integrated outpatient palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Palliat Med 2019; 33:123-134. [PMID: 30488781 PMCID: PMC7069657 DOI: 10.1177/0269216318812633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite increasing emphasis on integration of palliative care with disease-directed care for advanced cancer, the nature of this integration and its effects on patient and caregiver outcomes are not well-understood. AIM: We evaluated the effects of integrated outpatient palliative and oncology care for advanced cancer on patient and caregiver outcomes. DESIGN: Following a standard protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42017057541), investigators independently screened reports to identify randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that evaluated the effect of integrated outpatient palliative and oncology care interventions on quality of life, survival, and healthcare utilization among adults with advanced cancer. Data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses, supplemented with qualitative methods when necessary. DATA SOURCES: English-language peer-reviewed publications in PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central through November 2016. We subsequently updated our PubMed search through July 2018. RESULTS: Eight randomized-controlled and two cluster-randomized trials were included. Most patients had multiple advanced cancers, with median time from diagnosis or recurrence to enrollment ranging from 8 to 12 weeks. All interventions included a multidisciplinary team, were classified as “moderately integrated,” and addressed physical and psychological symptoms. In a meta-analysis, short-term quality of life improved, symptom burden improved, and all-cause mortality decreased. Qualitative analyses revealed no association between integration elements, palliative care intervention elements, and intervention impact. Utilization and caregiver outcomes were often not reported. CONCLUSIONS: Moderately integrated palliative and oncology outpatient interventions had positive effects on short-term quality of life, symptom burden, and survival. Evidence for effects on healthcare utilization and caregiver outcomes remains sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J Fulton
- 1 Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,3 Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W LeBlanc
- 4 Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,5 Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Toni M Cutson
- 1 Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,6 Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn N Porter Starr
- 3 Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,6 Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,7 Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arif Kamal
- 5 Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA.,8 Duke Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Ramos
- 1 Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.,3 Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,7 Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Jennifer R McDuffie
- 10 Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,11 Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Andrzej Kosinski
- 12 Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Soheir Adam
- 13 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Avishek Nagi
- 10 Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Williams
- 10 Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,11 Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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The Development of Pathways in Palliative Medicine: Definition, Models, Cost and Quality Impact. Healthcare (Basel) 2019; 7:healthcare7010022. [PMID: 30717281 PMCID: PMC6473403 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Palliative Care and its medical subspecialty, known as Palliative Medicine, is the care of anyone with a serious illness. This emerging field includes Hospice and comfort care, however, it is not limited to end-of-life care. Examples of the types of serious illness that Palliative Medicine clinicians care for include and are not limited to hematologic and oncologic diseases, such as cancer, advanced heart and lung diseases (e.g., congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder), advanced liver and kidney diseases, and advanced neurologic illnesses (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease). In the past decade, there has been tremendous growth of Palliative Medicine programs across the country. As the population of patients with serious illnesses increases, there is growing concentration on quality of care, including symptom management, meeting patients’ goals regarding their medical care and providing various types of support, all of which are provided by Palliative Medicine. In this review article we define Palliative Medicine, describe care pathways and their applicability to Palliative Medicine, identify different models for Palliative Care and provide evidence for its impact on cost and quality of care.
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Patel KV, Guralnik JM, Phelan EA, Gell NM, Wallace RB, Sullivan MD, Turk DC. Symptom Burden Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the United States. J Am Geriatr Soc 2018; 67:223-231. [PMID: 30548453 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence and impact of common co-occurring symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in the United States. DESIGN The National Health and Aging Trends Study is a nationally representative, prospective study with annual data collection between 2011 and 2017. SETTING Community-based, in-person interviews (survey response rates, 71%-96%). PARTICIPANTS A total of 7,609 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries, 65 years or older. MEASUREMENTS Symptoms assessed at baseline include pain, fatigue, breathing difficulty, sleeping difficulty, depressed mood, and anxiety. Total symptom count ranged from zero to six. Several outcomes were examined, including grip strength, gait speed, and overall lower-extremity function as well as incidence of recurrent falls (two or more per year), hospitalization, disability, nursing home admission, and mortality. RESULTS Prevalence of zero, one, two, three, and four or more symptoms was 25.0%, 26.6%, 20.7%, 14.0%, and 13.6%, respectively. Symptom count increased with advancing age and was higher in women than in men. Pain and fatigue were the most common co-occurring symptoms. Higher symptom count was associated with decreased physical capacity. For example, participants with one, two, three, and four or more symptoms had gait speeds that were 0.04, 0.06, 0.09, and 0.13 m/s slower, respectively, than those with no symptoms, adjusting for specific diseases, total number of diseases, and other potential confounders (P < .001). The risk of several adverse outcomes also increased with greater symptom count. For example, compared with those with no symptoms, the adjusted risk ratios for recurrent falls were 1.48 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-1.70), 1.54 (95% CI = 1.32-1.80), 1.90 (95% CI = 1.55-2.32), and 2.38 (95% CI = 2.00-2.83) for older adults with one, two, three, and four or more symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms frequently co-occur among community-dwelling older adults and are strongly associated with increased risk of a range of adverse outcomes. Symptoms represent a potential treatment target for improving outcomes and should be systematically captured in health records. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:223-231, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushang V Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jack M Guralnik
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A Phelan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nancy M Gell
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Departments of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark D Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dennis C Turk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Burt M, Kamal AH. Practical Strategies for Optimizing and Integrating Palliative Care in Cancer. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20:97. [PMID: 30421161 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent reforms in medical payment coupled with a rapidly evolving pharmacotherapeutic armamentarium is creating a transition in the field of oncology. This transition represents a key period for conceptual reevaluation, providing an opportunity for furthered strategic integration of palliative care within the realm of oncology. RECENT FINDINGS Historically, oncologists have relied upon prognostic assessments to gauge appropriateness for referrals to specialty palliative care. Recent literature has elucidated on the early palliative burdens of cancer, demonstrated the importance of complexity-based palliative referrals, and begun the conversation to define provider-specific roles. Herein, we describe a model that overlaps complexity with oncology capacity, to target specialty services to those who could benefit most. This article will review the role of palliative care as a care philosophy, the enduring and important role of the oncologist in providing palliative care, and the important areas for integration of specialty services when needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Burt
- Duke University Health, 20 Medicine Circle, Box 2715, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Arif H Kamal
- Duke University Health, 20 Medicine Circle, Box 2715, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Fuqua School of Business, Durham, NC, USA. .,Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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50
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Dudley N, Ritchie CS, Rehm RS, Chapman SA, Wallhagen MI. Facilitators and Barriers to Interdisciplinary Communication between Providers in Primary Care and Palliative Care. J Palliat Med 2018; 22:243-249. [PMID: 30383468 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2018.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-based palliative care (CBPC) plays an integral role in addressing the complex care needs of older adults with serious chronic illnesses, but is premised on effective communication and collaboration between primary care providers (PCPs) and the providers of specialty palliative care (SPC). Optimal strategies to achieve the goal of coordinated care are ill-defined. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to understand the facilitators and barriers to optimal, coordinated interdisciplinary provision of CBPC. METHODS This was a qualitative study using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Thirty semistructured interviews were conducted with primary and palliative care interdisciplinary team members in academic and community settings. RESULTS Major categories emerging from the data that positively or negatively influence optimal provision of coordinated care included feedback loops and interactions; clarity of roles; knowledge of palliative care, and workforce and structural constraints. Facilitators were frequent in-person, e-mail, or electronic medical record-based communication; defined role boundaries; and education of PCPs to distinguish elements of generalist palliative care (GPC) and more complex elements or situations requiring SPC. Barriers included inadequate communication that prevented a shared understanding of patients' needs and goals of care, limited time in primary care to provide GPC, and limited workforce in SPC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that processes are needed that promote communication, including structured communication strategies between PCPs and SPC providers, clarification of role boundaries, enrichment of nonspecialty providers' competence in GPC, and enhanced access to CBPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Dudley
- 1 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California , San Francisco, California.,2 San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Geriatrics, Palliative, and Extended Care, San Francisco, California
| | - Christine S Ritchie
- 3 Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Roberta S Rehm
- 4 Department of Family Health Care Nursing and School of Nursing, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Susan A Chapman
- 1 Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Nursing, University of California , San Francisco, California
| | - Margaret I Wallhagen
- 5 Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California , San Francisco, California
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