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Aglio T, Paul TK, Porter A, Bien K, Hashmi SK, Lyman J, Kaye EC. Longitudinal Impact of a Novel Condolence Expression Curriculum. J Palliat Med 2024; 27:90-92. [PMID: 37768836 PMCID: PMC10790550 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2023.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pediatric residents lack training in expressing condolences to bereaved families after a child's death. We previously developed a novel curriculum that improved residents' comfort with expressing condolences, and now we report assessment of the longitudinal impact of this curriculum on residents' practices of condolence expression. Methods: We applied Kern's 6-step approach to develop, implement, and evaluate a condolence expression curriculum. Residents completed surveys before, immediately after, and six months after participating in the educational intervention to assess curricular impact over time. Results: Twenty pediatric residents participated in the curriculum. Residents reported an increase in their practice of expressing condolences following participation in the curriculum, as well as appreciation for the value of the intervention. Conclusion: A condolence expression curriculum has potential to increase residents' practice of condolence expression to bereaved families over time. Future work will focus on the impact of curricular dissemination across pediatric residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Aglio
- Division of Pain and Palliative Medicine, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Trisha K. Paul
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amy Porter
- Division of Supportive and Palliative Care, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kelly Bien
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saman K. Hashmi
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joanna Lyman
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erica C. Kaye
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Weaver MS, Nasir A, Lord BT, Starin A, Linebarger JS. Supporting the Family After the Death of a Child or Adolescent. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023064426. [PMID: 38009001 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-064426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether death occurs in the context of a chronic illness or as the sudden loss of a previously healthy infant, child, or adolescent, the death of a child is a highly stressful and traumatic event. Psychosocial support for families after the death of a child embodies core medical values of professional fidelity, compassion, respect for human dignity, and promotion of the best interests of a grieving family. The pediatrician has an important role in supporting the family unit after the death of a child through a family-centered, culturally humble, trauma-informed approach. This clinical report aims to provide the pediatrician with a review of the current evidence on grief, bereavement, and mourning after the loss of a child and with practical guidance to support family caregivers, siblings, and the child's community. Pediatricians have an important role in helping siblings and helping families understand sibling needs during grief. Ways for pediatricians to support family members with cultural sensitivity are suggested and other helpful resources in the community are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghann S Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- National Center for Ethics in Health Care, Veterans Health Affairs, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Arwa Nasir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Blyth T Lord
- Courageous Parents Network, Newton, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Starin
- National Association of Social Workers, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jennifer S Linebarger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
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Haxel CS, Belser AH, DeSarno M, Glickstein J, Flyer JN. Pediatric Cardiology Condolence Letter Writing: Does a Fellowship Curriculum Impact Practice? J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 66:e343-e352. [PMID: 37327916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Condolence letter (CL) writing after the death of a child is an important opportunity for humanism. Pediatric cardiology fellowship training now recognizes the importance of palliative care, but rarely includes CL education, despite its fragile patient population. OBJECTIVES To address this professionalism gap, a formal CL writing curriculum was created and implemented in a pediatric cardiology fellowship. This study investigated the impact of the curriculum on pediatric cardiology CL writing, and broader CL practices and beliefs. METHODS Pediatric cardiology fellows at a high volume urban academic program from 2000 to 2022 were divided into two cohorts (exposure to CL curriculum [2014-2022] vs. no exposure [2000-2013]) and responded by anonymous electronic multiple choice and open ended survey to assess the CL curriculum and describe current CL practices and beliefs. Impact of curriculum elements was determined by ordinal ranking. A 5-point Likert scale was used to report physician behaviors. Chi-square tests of independence were utilized for group comparisons. RESULTS The overall survey response rate was 59% (63/107). Cardiologists who participated in the curriculum (64%, 35/55) were more likely to report writing CLs (80% vs. 40%; P < 0.01). Impactful curriculum elements included the opportunity for all fellows to contribute to a CL (78%) and identifying a primary fellow to write the CL (66%). A majority (>75%) of curriculum participants agreed that formal teaching increased their frequency, ability, and comfort in writing CLs. CONCLUSION Development of condolence expression educational programs in pediatric cardiology training should be expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S Haxel
- Department of Pediatric (C.S.H, J.N.F.), The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Division of Pediatric Cardiology (C.S.H.), University of Vermont Children's Hospital, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Abigail H Belser
- Boston Combined Residency Program (A.H.B.), Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael DeSarno
- Department of Medical Biostatistics (M.D.), The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Julie Glickstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology (J.G.), Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan N Flyer
- Department of Pediatric (C.S.H, J.N.F.), The Robert Larner M.D. College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT; Division of Pediatric Cardiology (C.S.H.), University of Vermont Children's Hospital, Burlington, VT, USA
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Garrouste-Orgeas M, Marché V, Pujol N, Michel D, Evin A, Fossez-Diaz V, Perruchio S, Vanbésien A, Verlaine C, Copel L, Kaczmarek W, Birkui de Francqueville L, Michonneau-Gandon V, de Larivière E, Poupardin C, Touzet L, Guastella V, Mathias C, Mhalla A, Bouquet G, Richard B, Gracia D, Bienfait F, Verliac V, Ranchou G, Kirsch S, Flahault C, Loiodice A, Bailly S, Ruckly S, Timsit JF. Incidence and risk factors of prolonged grief in relatives of patients with terminal cancer in French palliative care units: The Fami-Life multicenter cohort study. Palliat Support Care 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36878669 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951523000111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Psychological consequences of grief among relatives are insufficiently known. We reported incidence of prolonged grief among relatives of deceased patients with cancer. METHODS Prospective cohort study of 611 relatives of 531 patients with cancer hospitalized for more than 72 hours and who died in 26 palliative care units was conducted. The primary outcome was prolonged grief in relatives 6 months after patient death, measured with the Inventory Complicated Grief (ICG > 25, range 0-76, a higher score indicates more severe symptoms) score. Secondary outcomes in relatives 6 months after patient death were anxiety and depression symptoms based on Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score (range 0 [best]-42 [worst]), higher scores indicate more severe symptoms, minimally important difference 2.5. Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were defined by an Impact Event Scale-Revised score >22 (range 0-88, a higher score indicates more severe symptoms). RESULTS Among 611 included relatives, 608 (99.5%) completed the trial. At 6 months, significant ICG scores were reported by 32.7% relatives (199/608, 95% CI, 29.0-36.4). The median (interquartile range ICG score) was 20.0 (11.5-29.0). The incidence of HADS symptoms was 87.5% (95% CI, 84.8-90.2%) at Days 3-5 and 68.7% (95% CI, 65.0-72.4) 6 months after patient's death, with a median (interquartile range) difference of -4 (-10 to 0) between these 2 time points. Improvement in HADS anxiety and depression scores were reported by 62.5% (362/579) relatives. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS These findings support the importance of screening relatives having risk factors of developing prolonged grief in the palliative unit and 6 months after patient's death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maité Garrouste-Orgeas
- IAME, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Palliative Care Unit, Reuilly Diaconesses Fondation, Rueil Malmaison, France
- Medical Unit, French British Hospital, Levallois-Perret, France
| | | | - Nicolas Pujol
- Research Department Palliative Care Unit, Jeanne Garnier Institution, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Michel
- Palliative Care Unit, Reuilly Diaconesses Fondation, Rueil Malmaison, France
| | - Adrien Evin
- Palliative Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Laure Copel
- Palliative Care Unit, Diaconesses Croix Saint Simon Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Licia Touzet
- Palliative Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Virginie Guastella
- Palliative Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Carmen Mathias
- Palliative Care Unit, Mulhouse Sud Alsace Hospital Network, Mulhouse, France
| | - Alaa Mhalla
- Palliative Care Unit, Albert Chenevier Hospital, Créteil, France
| | | | - Bruno Richard
- Palliative Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Gracia
- Palliative Care Unit, General Hospital, Salon-de-Provence, France
| | - Florent Bienfait
- Palliative Care Unit, University Teaching Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Virginie Verliac
- Palliative Care Unit, Saintonge General Hospital, Saintes, France
| | - Gaelle Ranchou
- Palliative Care Unit, General Hospital, Périgueux, France
| | - Sylvie Kirsch
- Palliative Care Unit, Bligny Hospital, Briis-Sous-Forges, France
| | - Cécile Flahault
- Laboratory of Psychopathology and Health Process, Paris University Paris, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-François Timsit
- IAME, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Medical and infectious diseases ICU (MI2), APHP Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
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Aglio T, Porter A, Bien K, Clark L, Hashmi S, Kaye EC. Training in Expression of Authentic Condolences in Healthcare: A Pilot Study. J Palliat Med 2022; 25:1697-1701. [PMID: 35984999 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2022.0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bereaved parents value receiving support from their children's health care teams. Pediatric residents are important members of the teams that care for children at end of life and can play a meaningful role in communication with bereaved families. Yet formal training in expressing condolences is currently lacking. Methods: We applied Kern's six step approach to develop, implement, and evaluate an innovative curriculum aimed at increasing pediatric residents' comfort levels with and practice of condolence expression. Results: Twelve residents participated in the pilot study. Quantitative and qualitative data demonstrate that residents' comfort levels with expressing condolences increased after implementation of the curriculum and that residents appreciated and benefitted from receiving this education. Conclusion: We successfully developed and piloted a condolence expression curriculum that was well received by pediatric residents and led to increased comfort level with expressing condolences. Research is ongoing to determine the full impact of this curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Aglio
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Amy Porter
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kelly Bien
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lisa Clark
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saman Hashmi
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Erica C Kaye
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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