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Construction of novel binary metal oxides: Copper oxide–tin oxide nanoparticles regulated for selective and nanomolar level electrochemical detection of anti-psychotic drug. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tajabadi F, Ghambarian M. Carrier-mediated extraction: Applications in extraction and microextraction methods. Talanta 2020; 206:120145. [PMID: 31514894 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present review is mainly focused on the overview of carrier mediated extraction (principles and applications) being reported over the last two decades and discusses the extraction process through carriers in various extraction methods such as Bulk liquid membranes, supported liquid membranes, emulsion liquid membranes and polymer inclusion membranes. Several types of carriers such as neutral, anionic, cationic, macrocyclic and supramulecular carriers are discussed. Also their application for metal, anions, drugs and environmental compounds are investigated. Carriers have been demonstrated to be useful for the selective extraction and recovery of numerous cations and anions enhancing the extraction properties of traditional solvent extraction and ion-exchange processes. Several types of carriers have different transport mechanisms. In these mechanisms, transport configurations are addressed and emphasized and the detailed information on the type of carrier are presented along with their specific separation modes. The performance of different carriers in terms of selectivity as well as efficiency are also discussed. Finally, the application of different carriers for the extraction of various compounds are compared and reviewed. To our best knowledge no reviews have been published on carrier-mediated extraction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Tajabadi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Ghambarian
- Iranian Research and Development Center for Chemical Industries, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Qi L, Duan LM, Sun XH, Zhang J, Zhang ZQ. Simultaneous determination of three banned psychiatric drugs in pig feed and tissue using solid-phase reactor on-line oxidizing and HPLC-fluorescence detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1535-40. [PMID: 25810380 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The banned addition of psychiatric drugs such as phenothiazines to animal feed and foodstuffs increases the risk of human organ lesion. Phenothiazines usually exhibit weak native fluorescence and can be oxidized to strongly fluorescent compounds. In this study, a novel, sensitive and convenient method of HPLC-fluorescence detection based on post-column on-line oxidizing with lead dioxide solid-phase reactor has been developed for simultaneous determination of three banned psychotropic drugs, promethazine, chlorpromazine and thioridazine. Three compounds were successfully separated on an Agilent TC-C18 column with mobile phase of acetonitrile (A) and water (B), both containing 0.5% (v/v) formic acid. A gradient elution was programmed and fluorimetric detection was performed at λex /λem of 332/373 nm for promethazine, 340/380 nm for chlorpromazine and 352/432 nm for thioridazine. The calibration graphs gave good linearity over the concentration ranges of 30.0-4976.4 µg/L for promethazine, 2.0-2153.2 µg/L for chlorpromazine, and 15.0-3088.0 µg/L for thioridazine, and correlation coefficients (r) were ≥0.995. The method was applied to the determination of phenothiazines in pig feed and pig tissue, and the average spiked recoveries were in the range 69.1-115.4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Li-Min Duan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
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Yamini Y, Faraji M. Extraction and determination of trace amounts of chlorpromazine in biological fluids using magnetic solid phase extraction followed by HPLC. J Pharm Anal 2014; 4:279-285. [PMID: 29403891 PMCID: PMC5761214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive method termed as magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) has been proposed for the determination of trace amounts of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in water, urine and plasma samples. The separation and determination was performed on a C18 column under the optimal chromatographic conditions. Several factors influencing the extraction efficiency of CPZ, such as pH, surfactant and adsorbent amounts, ionic strength, extraction time, sample volume and desorption conditions, were studied and optimized. Under the optimal MSPE conditions, the extraction percentage of CPZ was 74%, 27% and 16% in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. The limits of detection (LODs) of the proposed approach were 0.1, 5.0 and 10 ng/mL in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) based on five replicate determinations at 10 ng/mL level of CPZ was 1.2%. Good linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges (0.25-300 ng/mL) with good coefficient of determination, R2>0.9998, were obtained. Good spike recoveries with relative errors less than 9.0% were obtained when applying the proposed method to water, urine and plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faraji
- Faculty of Food Industry and Agriculture, Department of Food Science & Technology, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj, P.O. Box 31745-139, Iran
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Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Farokhi R. Development a New Method for the Determination of Chloropromazine in Trace Amounts by Fast Fourier Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry at an Au Microelectrode in a Flowing System. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200700175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Trojanowicz M. Flow-injection analysis as a tool for determination of pharmaceutical residues in aqueous environment. Talanta 2012; 96:3-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Highly sensitive detection of residual chlorpromazine hydrochloride with solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry. J Fluoresc 2012; 22:1087-94. [PMID: 22527301 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Under the condition of 60 °C and 20 min at pH 6.12, chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ) could react with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to produce FITC-CPZ, which increased the π-electron density (δ) of carbon atom in FITC conjugated system and the room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) intensity of FITC. Thus, a new solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP) for the determination of residual CPZ was established. The regression equation of working curve was ΔI (p) = 4.254 + 7.906 m(CPZ) (ag spot(-1)) with the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9990 in the range of 0.036-9.6 ag spot(-1) (corresponding concentration: 0.090-24 fg ml(-1), sample volume: 0.40 μl spot(-1)), and the detection limit (LD) was 0.018 ag spot(-1) (corresponding concentration: 4.5 × 10(-17) g ml(-1)). This method with wide linear range and high sensitivity was not only used to diagnose human disease based on the correlation between the residual quantity and lethal dose of CPZ in human serum, but also used to determine residual CPZ in biological samples with the results consisting with those obtained by gas chromatography (GC), showing good accuracy. The constituent of FITC-CPZ was analyzed by GC-MS (mass spectrometry) and the reaction mechanism of SSRTP for the determination of trace CPZ was also discussed.
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Adcock JL, Barrow CJ, Barnett NW, Conlan XA, Hogan CF, Francis PS. Chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence detection of controlled drugs. Drug Test Anal 2010; 3:145-60. [PMID: 21154734 DOI: 10.1002/dta.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We review the determination of various controlled drugs (opioids, tranquilizers, stimulants, and hallucinogens) using flow-analysis methodologies (flow injection analysis, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and microfluidic devices) with chemiluminescence and electrochemiluminescence reagents such as luminol, diaryloxalates, tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), permanganate, manganese(IV), and sulfite, for industrial, clinical, pharmaceutical, and forensic science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui L Adcock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
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Norouzi P, Ganjali MR, Qomi M, Nemati Kharat A, Zamani HA. Monitoring of Anti Cancer Drug Letrozole by Fast Fourier Transform Continuous Cyclic Voltammetry at Gold Microelectrode. CHINESE J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201090197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Quintana MC, Ramos JJ, Hernández L, Ramos L. DETERMINATION OF RESIDUAL PHENOTHIAZINES IN LIVER BY MATRIX SOLID PHASE DISPERSION COMBINED WITH HPLC WITH FLUORESCENCE DETECTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070903442394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Quintana
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - J. J. Ramos
- b Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry , IQOG , Madrid , Spain
| | - L. Hernández
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Facultad de Ciencias , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Cantoblanco , Madrid , Spain
| | - L. Ramos
- b Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry , IQOG , Madrid , Spain
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Zhang G, Jr AVT, Bartlett MG. Bioanalytical methods for the determination of antipsychotic drugs. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:671-87. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sobhi HR, Yamini Y, Abadi RHHB. Extraction and determination of trace amounts of chlorpromazine in biological fluids using hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:769-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mervartová K, Polásek M, Martínez Calatayud J. Recent applications of flow-injection and sequential-injection analysis techniques to chemiluminescence determination of pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 45:367-81. [PMID: 17900844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A review is presented on the state of the art of the chemiluminescence analysis of pharmaceuticals by the two most relevant automated controlled-flow methodologies--flow-injection analysis (FIA) and sequential-injection analysis (SIA). The current chemiluminometric applications of FIA and SIA in pharmaceutical analysis are discussed with special emphasis on the analytical figures of merit and sample matrix characteristics. The review involving 211 references and covering papers published between 2001 and 2006 is divided into several sections according to the fundamental types of chemiluminescence systems employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Mervartová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Feng S, Li C, Fan J, Chen X. Sequential injection technique for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934807030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li J, Zhao F, Ju H. Simultaneous determination of psychotropic drugs in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575:57-61. [PMID: 17723572 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline, doxepin and chlorpromazine are often used as psychotropic drugs in treatment of the various mental diseases, and are also partly excreted by kidney. This work developed a simple, selective and sensitive method for their simultaneous monitoring in human urine using capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection based on end-column ECL reaction of tris-(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) with aliphatic tertiary amino moieties. Acetone was used as an additive to the running buffer to obtain their absolute separation. Under optimized conditions the proposed method displayed a linear range from 5.0 to 800 ng mL(-1) for the three drugs with the correlation coefficients more than 0.995 (n=8). Their limits of detection were 0.8 ng mL(-1) (3.6 fg), 1.0 ng mL(-1) (4.5 fg) and 1.5 ng mL(-1) (6.8 fg) at a signal to noise ratio of 3, respectively. The relative standard deviations for five determinations of 20 ng mL(-1) amitriptyline, doxepin and chlorpromazine were 1.7%, 4.2% and 3.6%, respectively. For practical application an extract step with 90:10 heptane/ethyl acetate (v/v) was performed to eliminate the influence of ionic strength in sample. The recoveries of amitriptyline, doxepin and chlorpromazine at different levels in human urine were between 83% and 93%, which showed that the method was valuable in clinical and biochemical laboratories for monitoring amitriptyline, doxepin and chlorpromazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Education Ministry of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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An L, Liu S, Liu Z, Kong L, Hu X. Resonance Rayleigh Scattering for the Determination of Chlorpromazine and Promethazine. Aust J Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1071/ch06134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) and promethazine (PZ) can react with potassium ferrioxalate (PF) to form 3:1 ion-association complexes, which can result in a significant enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensity. The maximum scattering peaks are located at 368 nm for CPZ-PF and 370 nm for PZ-PF. The RRS spectroscopic characteristics, the optimum conditions of reactions, and influencing factors have been studied for CPZ-PF and PZ-PF. There is a linear relationship between the RRS intensity and the drug concentration in the range of 0.02–8.00 μg mL–1 for CPZ and 0.04–9.00 μg mL–1 for PZ, and the detection limits (3σ) are 6.6 ng mL–1 for CPZ and 10.6 ng mL–1 for PZ. The proposed method has been applied to determine CPZ in urine and serum samples with satisfactory results. Moreover, the reaction mechanism and the reasons for intensity enhancement of RRS have been discussed.
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