Chemically modified carbon paste electrode for the potentiometric flow injection analysis of piribedil in pharmaceutical preparation and urine

Voltammetric and amperometric determination of doxorubicin using carbon paste electrodes

Direct current voltammetric (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 7.0) was used as a supporting electrolyte. The limits of detection are 8 × 10–7 mol l–1 (DCV) and 6 × 10–8 mol l–1 (DPV). The accumulation of DOX at the electrode surface was used to decrease the limits of detection down to 2.2 × 10–7 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping DC voltammetry (DCAdSV) and 2.8 × 10–9 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (DPAdSV) at CPE. The results of the voltammetric methods were utilized for the development of a new determination of doxorubicin using HPLC with amperometric detection on CPE based on spherical microparticles of glassy carbon in a wall-jet configuration. A column with chemically bonded C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase containing 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0)–methanol 25:75 (v/v) were used. The limit of detection is 4 × 10–7 mol l–1 (HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED)).

Carbon paste electrodes in the new millennium

In this review (with 500 refs), both electrochemistry and electroanalysis with carbon paste-based electrodes, sensors, and detectors are of interest, when attention is focused on the research activities in the years of new millennium. Concerned are all important aspects of the field, from fundamental investigations with carbon paste as the electrode material, via laboratory examination of the first electrode prototypes, basic and advanced studies of various electrode processes and other phenomena, up to practical applications to the determination of inorganic ions, complexes, and molecules. The latter is presented in a series of extensive tables, offering a nearly complete survey of methods published within the period of 2001–2008. Finally, the latest trends and outstanding achievements are also outlined and future prospects given.