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Measurements of drugs and metabolites in biological matrices using SFC and SFE-SFC-MS. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-88487-7.00004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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2
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Plumb RS, McDonald T, Rainville PD, Hill J, Gethings LA, Johnson KA, Wilson ID. High-Throughput UHPLC/MS/MS-Based Metabolic Profiling Using a Vacuum Jacketed Column. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10644-10652. [PMID: 34279080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In UHPLC, frictional heating from the eluent flowing through the column at pressures of ca. 10-15 Kpsi causes radial diffusion via temperature differences between the center of the column and its walls. Longitudinal dispersion also occurs due to temperature gradients between the inlet and outlet. These effects cause band broadening but can be mitigated via a combination of vacuum jacketed stainless steel tubing, reduced column end nut mass, and a constant temperature in the column from heating the inlet fitting. Here, vacuum jacketed column (VJC) technology, employing a novel column housing located on the source of the mass spectrometer and minimized tubing from the column outlet to the electrospray probe, was applied to profiling metabolites in urine. For a 75 s reversed-phase gradient separation, the average peak widths for endogenous compounds in urine were 1.2 and 0.6 s for conventional LC/MS and VJC systems, respectively. The peak tailing factor was reduced from 1.25 to 1.13 when using the VJC system compared to conventional UHPLC, and the peak capacity increased from 65 to 120, with a 25% increase in features detected in urine. The increased resolving power of the VJC system reduced co-elution, simplifying MS and MS/MS spectra, providing a more confident metabolite identification. The increased LC performance also gave more intense MS peaks, with a 10-120% increase in response, improving the quality of the MS data and detection limits. Reducing the LC gradient duration to 37 s gave peak widths of ca. 0.4 s and a peak capacity of 84.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Plumb
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Thomas McDonald
- Global Research, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul D Rainville
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jason Hill
- Global Research, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Lee A Gethings
- Scientific Operations, Waters Corporation, Stamford Ave, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, U.K
| | - Kelly A Johnson
- Global Research, Waters Corporation, IMMERSE, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ian D Wilson
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Imperial College, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
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Alsaleh M, Sithithaworn P, Khuntikeo N, Loilome W, Yongvanit P, Chamadol N, Hughes T, O'Connor T, Andrews RH, Holmes E, Taylor-Robinson SD. Characterisation of the Urinary Metabolic Profile of Liver Fluke-Associated Cholangiocarcinoma. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2019; 9:657-675. [PMID: 31889746 PMCID: PMC6926188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human infection with Opisthorchis viverrini, a carcinogenic liver fluke inhabiting the biliary tree, is endemic in Southeast Asia. Chronic infection is associated with a fatal complication, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a late-presenting and aggressive malignancy. Currently, annual mortality rates from CCA mirror trends in incidence, due in part to limited availability of efficient prognostic and early diagnostic biomarkers. With ability to detect thousands of urinary metabolites using metabonomics, the urine metabolome holds great potential in providing an insight into system-level alterations in carcinogenesis and in identifying metabolic markers altered in response to disturbed homoeostasis. METHODS Global molecular profiling using reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was utilised to acquire the urinary spectral profile of 137 Thai subjects (48 at high risk of infection, 41 with O. viverrini infection, 34 periportal fibrosis and 14 CCA) from Khon Kaen, Thailand. RESULTS Multivariate statistical analysis identified perturbation in several molecular classes related to purine metabolism and lipid metabolism in the CCA urine metabolome. These markers mainly reflect changes in energy metabolism to support proliferation (increased fatty acid oxidation and purine recycling), DNA methylation and hepatic injury. CONCLUSIONS Several metabolites of biological interest were discovered from this proof-of-principle dataset. Augmenting these findings is essential to accelerate the development of urinary metabolic markers in CCA.
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Key Words
- Opisthorchis viverrini
- acetaminophen, APAP
- bile duct cancer
- carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, CPT1
- carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2, CPT2
- carnitine/acylcarnitine translocase, CACT
- cholangiocarcinoma screening and care program, CASCAP
- cholangiocarcinoma, CCA
- data-dependent acquisition, DDA
- electrospray ionisation, ESI
- hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1, HPRT1
- hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, HPRT
- mass spectrometry
- metabonomics
- orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis, OPLS-DA
- periductal fibrosis, PDF
- periportal fibrosis, PPF
- primary biliary cholangitis, PBC
- primary sclerosing cholangitis, PSC
- principal component analysis, PCA
- reversed-phase ultra-performance liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry, RP-UPLC-MS
- ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS
- variable importance in projection, VIP
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Affiliation(s)
- Munirah Alsaleh
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nittaya Chamadol
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Thomas Hughes
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas O'Connor
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross H. Andrews
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Division of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bhatt P, Saquib Hasnain M, Nayak AK, Hassan B, Beg S. Development and Validation of QbD-Driven Bioanalytical LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Paracetamol and Diclofenac in Human Plasma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2018.1429305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P, India
| | - M Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, U.P, India
| | - Amit Kumar Nayak
- Department of Pharmacutics, Seemanta Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mayurbhanj, Odisha, India
| | - Bushra Hassan
- Department of Environmental Science, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Product Development Research, Jubilant Generics Limited, Noida, U.P., India
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5
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Tiwari SS, Chavan BB, Kushwah BS, Yerra NV, Mukesh S, Sangamwar AT, Thaota JR, Talluri MVNK. In vitroand in vivo investigation of metabolic fate of riociguat by HPLC-Q-TOF/MS/MS and in silico evaluation of the metabolites by ADMET predictor ™. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:326-336. [PMID: 30412806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Riociguat, a guanyl cyclase inhibitor, is one of its kind drug regimen approved for management of pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension. Extensive literature review indicates lack of comprehensive reports on its metabolic fate. The present study reports the in vivo and in vitro identification and characterization of metabolites of riociguat, using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. In vitro studies were conducted by incubating the drug in human and rat liver microsomes in presence of respective cofactors. In vivo studies were undertaken by oral administration of suspension of drug to male Sprague-Dawley rats followed by collection of urine, feces and blood at specific intervals. A total of 18 metabolites were observed in in vivo and in vitro matrices which includes hydroxyl, N-oxide, desmethyl, defluorinated hydroxyl, glucuronides and N-acetyl cysteine conjugates. Presence of N-acetyl cysteine conjugates strongly points towards the formation of a reactive metabolite intermediate trapped through N-acetyl cysteine and can be considered a matter of concern as the reactive metabolites have been known to manifest toxicities. Their presence was mimicked in in vitro samples as well. The toxicological properties of drug and metabolites were evaluated by using ADMET Predictor ™ software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristy S Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Balasaheb B Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Bhoopendra S Kushwah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Naga Veera Yerra
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500607, India
| | - Sumit Mukesh
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay T Sangamwar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Jagadeshwar Reddy Thaota
- Analytical Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500607, India
| | - M V N Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, IDPL R&D Campus, Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500 037, India.
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6
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Bahamon D, Vega LF. Pharmaceutical Removal from Water Effluents by Adsorption on Activated Carbons: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11146-11155. [PMID: 28764332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption on activated carbons of five pharmaceutical molecules (ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, paracetamol, and amoxicillin) in aqueous mixtures has been investigated by molecular simulations using the Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method. A virtual nanoporous carbon model based on polyaromatic units with defects and polar-oxygenated sites was used for this purpose. The simulation results show excellent agreement with available experimental data. The adsorption capacities of the carbons for the five drugs were quite different and were linked, essentially, to their molecular dimensions and atom affinities. The uptake behavior follows the trend PRM > DCF, NPX > IBP > AMX in all the studied structures. This work is a further step in order to describe macroscopic adsorption performance of activated carbons in drug removal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bahamon
- Alya Technology & Innovation , C/Tres Creus, 236, Centre de Promoció Empresarial, 08203 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona , C. Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes F Vega
- Alya Technology & Innovation , C/Tres Creus, 236, Centre de Promoció Empresarial, 08203 Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
- Gas Research Center and Chemical Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science and Technology - The Petroleum Institute , P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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de Holanda LF, Ribeiro FWP, Sousa CP, da Silva Casciano PN, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes–cobalt phthalocyanine modified electrode for electroanalytical determination of acetaminophen. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cha J, Kim BK, Gwon MR, Lee J, Ohk B, Kang WY, Lim MS, Seong SJ, Kim HJ, Lee HW, Yoon YR. Development and validation of a UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of acetaminophen in human plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2016. [DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2016.24.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaemin Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Mi-Ri Gwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Joomi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Boram Ohk
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Woo Youl Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Mi-sun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Daegu 38541, Korea
| | - Sook Jin Seong
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Hae Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus KNU Bio-Medical Convergence Program for Creative Talent and Clinical Trial Center, Kyungpook National University Graduate School and Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
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9
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Yamamoto A, Liu MY, Kurogi K, Sakakibara Y, Saeki Y, Suiko M, Liu MC. Sulphation of acetaminophen by the human cytosolic sulfotransferases: a systematic analysis. J Biochem 2015; 158:497-504. [PMID: 26067475 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvv062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulphation is known to be critically involved in the metabolism of acetaminophen in vivo. This study aimed to systematically identify the major human cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzyme(s) responsible for the sulphation of acetaminophen. A systematic analysis showed that three of the twelve human SULTs, SULT1A1, SULT1A3 and SULT1C4, displayed the strongest sulphating activity towards acetaminophen. The pH dependence of the sulphation of acetaminophen by each of these three SULTs was examined. Kinetic parameters of these three SULTs in catalysing acetaminophen sulphation were determined. Moreover, sulphation of acetaminophen was shown to occur in HepG2 human hepatoma cells and Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells under the metabolic setting. Of the four human organ samples tested, liver and intestine cytosols displayed considerably higher acetaminophen-sulphating activity than those of lung and kidney. Collectively, these results provided useful information concerning the biochemical basis underlying the metabolism of acetaminophen in vivo previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; and
| | - Ming-Yih Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; and
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; and
| | - Yuichi Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; and
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; and
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA;
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10
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Xu Q, Wang C, Liu Q, Meng Q, Sun H, Peng J, Sun P, Huo X, Liu K. Decreased liver distribution of entecavir is related to down-regulation of Oat2/Oct1 and up-regulation of Mrp1/2/3/5 in rat liver fibrosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 71:73-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Addo RT, Davis K, Ubale R, Owen JS, Watkins EB. Development and validation of a UPLC method for rapid and simultaneous analysis of proton pump inhibitors. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:30-4. [PMID: 25160675 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-014-0207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are used extensively for the relief of gastroesophageal reflux, peptic ulcers, and other hypersecretory conditions. Some of the commonly used PPIs-omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole, and rabeprazole-were used in this study with the aim of developing a rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for detecting each and allowing separation and quantification of a mixture of PPIs. An analysis of samples was performed on a UPLC system equipped with a quaternary solvent delivery system, a refrigerated sample manager, a column heater, a photo diode array detector scanning from 210 to 400 nm, and a C18 analytical column (50 mm × 3.0 mm, 1.7-μm particle size). The chromatographic analysis of the PPI samples and standards was performed using gradient elution with acetonitrile and water. The calibration curve range varied for each of the PPIs ranging from a lower limit of 0.75-1.78 μg/mL to a maximum concentration of 200 μg/mL with a regression coefficient (r (2)) of ≥0.98. The accuracy and precision were calculated, and the %RSD was determined to be ≤0.21% (intraday) and ≤5% (interday). The LOD was 0.23-0.59 μg/mL and the LOQ was 0.71-1.78 μg/mL for each of the drugs analyzed. The method was capable of detecting and quantifying each drug in a mixture with good resolution and a total run time of less than 5 min. Herein, we report an efficient and rapid analytical method for the simultaneous detection of multiple PPIs in a mixture.
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12
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Xu Q, Wang C, Meng Q, Liu Q, Sun P, Sun H, Guo X, Liu K. The oligopeptide transporter 2-mediated reabsorption of entecavir in rat kidney. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 52:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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van Haandel L, Goldman JL, Pearce RE, Leeder JS. Urinary Biomarkers of Trimethoprim Bioactivation in Vivo Following Therapeutic Dosing in Children. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:211-8. [DOI: 10.1021/tx4003325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leon van Haandel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology
and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s
Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, and ‡Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas
City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Jennifer. L. Goldman
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology
and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s
Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, and ‡Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas
City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - Robin E. Pearce
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology
and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s
Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, and ‡Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas
City, Missouri 64108, United States
| | - J. Steven Leeder
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology
and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s
Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, and ‡Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas
City, Missouri 64108, United States
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14
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Zhu X, Chen Y, Subramanian R. Comparison of Information-Dependent Acquisition, SWATH, and MSAll Techniques in Metabolite Identification Study Employing Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:1202-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403385y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Zhu
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism,
Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Yuping Chen
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism,
Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Raju Subramanian
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism,
Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
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15
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Wu YT, Lin LC, Tsai TH. Determination of rhynchophylline and hirsutine in rat plasma by UPLC-MS/MS after oral administration ofUncaria rhynchophyllaextract. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:439-45. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tse Wu
- School of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Traditional Medicine; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine; National Yang-Ming University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research; Taipei City Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
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16
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Wilczewska K, Kot-Wasik A, Namieśnik J. LC-MS and LC-NMR as Complementary Techniques for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Dosage Formulations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.810459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Furey A, Moriarty M, Bane V, Kinsella B, Lehane M. Ion suppression; a critical review on causes, evaluation, prevention and applications. Talanta 2013; 115:104-22. [PMID: 24054567 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of matrix effects in mass spectrometry analysis are a major issue of concern to analytical chemists. The identification of any ion suppressing (or enhancing) agents caused by sample matrix, solvent or LC-MS system components should be quantified and measures should be taken to eliminate or reduce the problem. Taking account of ion suppression should form part of the optimisation and validation of any quantitative LC-MS method. For example the US Food and Drug Administration has included the evaluation of matrix effects in its "Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation" (F.D.A. Department of Health and Human Services, Guidance for industry on bioanalytical method validation, Fed. Regist. 66 (100) 2001). If ion suppression is not assessed and corrected in an analytical method, the sensitivity of the LC-MS method can be seriously undermined, and it is possible that the target analyte may be undetected even when using very sensitive instrumentation. Sample analysis may be further complicated in cases where there are large sample-to-sample matrix variations (e.g. blood samples from different people can sometimes vary in certain matrix components, shellfish tissue samples sourced from different regions where different phytoplankton food sources are present, etc) and therefore exhibit varying ion-suppression effects. Although it is widely agreed that there is no generic method to overcome ion suppression, the purpose of this review is to: provide an overview of how ion suppression occurs, outline the methodologies used to assess and quantify the impact of ion suppression, discuss the various corrective actions that have been used to eliminate ion suppression in sample analysis, that is to say the deployment of techniques that eliminate or reduce the components in the sample matrix that cause ion suppression. This review article aims to collect together the latest information on the causes of ion suppression in LC-MS analysis and to consider the efficacy of common approaches to eliminate or reduce the problem using relevant examples published in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambrose Furey
- Mass Spectrometry Research Centre (MSRC), Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland; Team Elucidate/Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomic and Biotoxin Research (PROTEOBIO), Department of Chemistry, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland.
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Electrocatalytical oxidation and sensitive determination of acetaminophen on glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene–chitosan composite. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1514-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ford KA. Role of electrostatic potential in the in silico prediction of molecular bioactivation and mutagenesis. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:1171-82. [PMID: 23323940 DOI: 10.1021/mp3004385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic potential (ESP) is a useful physicochemical property of a molecule that provides insights into inter- and intramolecular associations, as well as prediction of likely sites of electrophilic and nucleophilic metabolic attack. Knowledge of sites of metabolic attack is of paramount importance in DMPK research since drugs frequently fail in clinical trials due to the formation of bioactivated metabolites which are often difficult to measure experimentally due to their reactive nature and relatively short half-lives. Computational chemistry methods have proven invaluable in recent years as a means to predict and study bioactivated metabolites without the need for chemical syntheses, or testing on experimental animals. Additional molecular properties (heat of formation, heat of solvation and E(LUMO) - E(HOMO)) are discussed in this paper as complementary indicators of the behavior of metabolites in vivo. Five diverse examples are presented (acetaminophen, aniline/phenylamines, imidacloprid, nefazodone and vinyl chloride) which illustrate the utility of this multidimensional approach in predicting bioactivation, and in each case the predicted data agreed with experimental data described in the scientific literature. A further example of the usefulness of calculating ESP, in combination with the molecular properties mentioned above, is provided by an examination of the use of these parameters in providing an explanation for the sites of nucleophilic attack of the nucleic acid cytosine. Exploration of sites of nucleophilic attack of nucleic acids is important as adducts of DNA have the potential to result in mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Ford
- Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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Xu Q, Wang C, Meng Q, Liu Q, Sun H, Peng J, Ma X, Kaku T, Liu K. OAT1 and OAT3: targets of drug-drug interaction between entecavir and JBP485. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:650-7. [PMID: 23313623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Entecavir and JBP485 (a dipeptide) exhibit the antihepatitis activities and it is possible for the two drugs to be coadministered in the treatment of hepatitis. We aimed to elucidate whether entecavir was a substrate of OAT1, OAT3, OCT, and PEPT1 and to investigate the targets of drug-drug interactions between entecavir and JBP485. Plasma and urine concentrations of entecavir following intravenous and oral administration in vivo, uptake of entecavir in kidney slices and transfected cells in vitro, were determined by LC-MS/MS. Following intravenous co-administration of entecavir and JBP485 in rats, entecavir AUC increased 1.93-fold, t1/2β was prolonged 2.08-fold, CLP decreased 49%, CLR decreased 73%, and accumulated urinary excretion decreased 54%. However, following oral co-administration, the entecavir Tmax and Cmax were not affected; the degree of change in other pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, t1/2β, CLP, and accumulated urinary excretion) was similar to that of intravenous administration. The uptake of entecavir was nearly identical in hPEPT1- as in vector-HELA cells. In rat kidney slices, uptake of entecavir was markedly inhibited by p-aminohippurate, benzylpenicillin, JBP485, and tetraethyl ammonium. In hOAT1- and hOAT3-HEK293 cells, uptake of entecavir was significantly higher compared to vector-HEK293 cells and was markedly inhibited by p-aminohippurate, benzylpenicillin, and JBP485. Km and Vmax values of entecavir were 250 μM and 0.83 nmol/mg protein/30s (OAT1) and 23 μM and 1.1 nmol/mg protein/30 s (OAT3), respectively. Entecavir is the substrate of OAT1, OAT3, and OCT. Moreover, OAT1 and OAT3 are the targets of DDI between entecavir and JBP485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghan Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China
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21
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Recent advances in metabolite identification and quantitative bioanalysis by LC–Q-TOF MS. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:937-59. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for rapid, sensitive and effective identification and quantitation of drugs and metabolites to accelerate drug discovery and development has given MS its central position in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic research. This review attempts to orient the readers with respect to hybrid Q-TOF MS, which enables accurate mass measurement and generates information-rich datasets. The key properties of the Q-TOF MS system, including mass accuracy, resolution, scan speed and dynamic range, are herein discussed. Developments on tandem separation techniques (e.g., UHPLC® and ion mobility spectrometry), data acquisition and data-mining methods (e.g., mass defect, product/neutral loss, isotope pattern filters and background subtraction) that facilitate qualitative and quantitative analysis are then examined. The performance and versatility of LC–Q-TOF MS are thoroughly illustrated by its applications in metabolite identification and quantitative bioanalysis. Future perspectives are also discussed.
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Pujos-Guillot E, Pickering G, Lyan B, Ducheix G, Brandolini-Bunlon M, Glomot F, Dardevet D, Dubray C, Papet I. Therapeutic paracetamol treatment in older persons induces dietary and metabolic modifications related to sulfur amino acids. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:181-193. [PMID: 21340541 PMCID: PMC3260351 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur amino acids are determinant for the detoxification of paracetamol (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) through sulfate and glutathione conjugations. Long-term paracetamol treatment is common in the elderly, despite a potential cysteine/glutathione deficiency. Detoxification could occur at the expense of anti-oxidative defenses and whole body protein stores in elderly. We tested how older persons satisfy the extra demand in sulfur amino acids induced by long-term paracetamol treatment, focusing on metabolic and nutritional aspects. Effects of 3 g/day paracetamol for 14 days on fasting blood glutathione, plasma amino acids and sulfate, urinary paracetamol metabolites, and urinary metabolomic were studied in independently living older persons (five women, five men, mean (±SEM) age 74 ± 1 years). Dietary intakes were recorded before and at the end of the treatment and ingested sulfur amino acids were evaluated. Fasting blood glutathione, plasma amino acids, and sulfate were unchanged. Urinary nitrogen excretion supported a preservation of whole body proteins, but large-scale urinary metabolomic analysis revealed an oxidation of some sulfur-containing compounds. Dietary protein intake was 13% higher at the end than before paracetamol treatment. Final sulfur amino acid intake reached 37 mg/kg/day. The increase in sulfur amino acid intake corresponded to half of the sulfur excreted in urinary paracetamol conjugates. In conclusion, older persons accommodated to long-term paracetamol treatment by increasing dietary protein intake without any mobilization of body proteins, but with decreased anti-oxidative defenses. The extra demand in sulfur amino acids led to a consumption far above the corresponding population-safe recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, INRA, Centre Clermont-Ferrand—Theix, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, 63122 France
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Inserm CIC 501, INSERM U766, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 France
| | - Bernard Lyan
- Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, INRA, Centre Clermont-Ferrand—Theix, UMR 1019 Nutrition Humaine, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, 63122 France
| | - Gilles Ducheix
- Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Inserm CIC 501, INSERM U766, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 France
| | | | - Françoise Glomot
- INRA, Centre Clermont-Ferrand—Theix, UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- INRA, Centre Clermont-Ferrand—Theix, UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Claude Dubray
- Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Inserm CIC 501, INSERM U766, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont-Ferrand, 63003 France
| | - Isabelle Papet
- INRA, Centre Clermont-Ferrand—Theix, UMR 1019 Unité de Nutrition Humaine, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Médecine, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Wei F, Xiao XY, Sun WJ, Zhang Y, Lin RC. Serum metabonomics study of adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomarkers 2011; 17:48-55. [DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2011.637180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang X, Sun H, Zhang A, Wang P, Han Y. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a sensitive and powerful technology for metabolomic studies. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3451-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Bunch DR, Wang S. Applications of monolithic columns in liquid chromatography-based clinical chemistry assays. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:2003-12. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Nedderman AN, Dear GJ, North S, Obach RS, Higton D. From definition to implementation: a cross-industry perspective of past, current and future MIST strategies. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:605-22. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.562330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Ziylan A, Ince NH. The occurrence and fate of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in sewage and fresh water: treatability by conventional and non-conventional processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 187:24-36. [PMID: 21315511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical (PhAC) residues in the environment is an emerging issue due to their continuous and uncontrolled release (via excretion from medical care) to the water environment and detrimental effects on aquatic organisms at low concentrations. A large fraction of PhAC pollution in water is composed of anti-inflammatory (AI) and analgesic (AN) drugs, which are rapidly excreted in urine. The present review is aimed to emphasize the occurrence of AI/AN wastes in sewage and fresh water bodies, their impacts on non-target organisms, and conversion or elimination by chemical, biochemical and physical treatment methods. The first part of the study is devoted to a critical review of most common AI/AN drugs and the relative efficiency of some selected sewage and drinking water treatment operations for their elimination/separation from aqueous systems. The second part focuses on pilot- or lab-scale applications of various advanced oxidation processes that are promising solutions to the ultimate degradation and/or conversion of such medical residues in effluents of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to less harmful and non-toxic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asu Ziylan
- Bogazici University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The profiling and quantification of drug metabolites in discovery and development bioanalysis studies is playing an increasingly important role in early candidate selection. Using a conventional tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer this activity normally requires several analytical runs to acquire the necessary analytical data. RESULTS In this article we present the use of a new tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a novel collision cell design, which allows the rapid switching between multiple reaction monitoring and full-scan MS mode. This approach allowed for the collection of multiple reaction monitoring data and full-scan data with no loss in sensitivity, with analysis times in the 1-2 min range. CONCLUSION A modified approach of using the multiple reaction monitoring data to trigger the acquisition of full scan MS/MS data is described, where the data is collected on the trailing edge of the LC-MS peak, thus improving data quality and throughput.
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High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS)-based drug metabolite profiling. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 708:173-90. [PMID: 21207290 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61737-985-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The identification of drug metabolites in biofluids such as urine, plasma, and bile, as well as in in vitro systems, is an important step in drug discovery and development. Mass spectrometry, particularly when combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS), can enable detailed structural information to be obtained on the metabolites of a drug or xenobiotic as a result of metabolism. The successful identification of drug metabolites by HPLC-MS-based techniques requires careful optimisation of a number of factors. First, the chromatographic separation should provide good resolution of the individual xenobiotic metabolites present in the sample. There is also the need to minimise the interference caused by the presence of endogenous metabolites, which may interfere with MS detection. Ideally, untreated samples should be profiled to reduce the likelihood of missing important metabolites due to losses during sample processing, but, depending upon the matrix, some degree of sample cleanup/extraction and concentration of the metabolites may be required using liquid-liquid or liquid-solid extraction. Second, the MS conditions must be carefully selected in order to maximise the potential of detecting the separated metabolites, which may have a very different character to the parent compound. The use of radiolabelled drugs in metabolism experiments greatly aids in the detection (and quantification) of metabolites, directing the investigator towards peaks that need to be characterised by MS. The presence of characteristic isotope patterns from either the incorporation of stable isotopes (e.g. (13)C, (15)N) or naturally occurring isotope patterns from substituents on the molecule (e.g. (35/37)Cl, (79/81)Br) can also provide a useful handle on the drug and its metabolites for the purposes of detection and spectrometric interpretation. This chapter provides guidelines for, and examples of, HPLC-MS-based drug metabolite profiling.
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Baranowska I, Wilczek A. A RAPID UHPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF SELECTED B-BLOCKERS, NSAIDS, AND THEIR METABOLITES IN HUMAN URINE AND WATER SAMPLES. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.526832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irena Baranowska
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty , Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wilczek
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty , Silesian University of Technology , Gliwice, Poland
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Jin H, Kumar AP, Paik DH, Ha KC, Yoo YJ, Lee YI. Trace analysis of tetracycline antibiotics in human urine using UPLC–QToF mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2009.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Walker D, Brady J, Dalvie D, Davis J, Dowty M, Duncan JN, Nedderman A, Obach RS, Wright P. A holistic strategy for characterizing the safety of metabolites through drug discovery and development. Chem Res Toxicol 2010; 22:1653-62. [PMID: 19715349 DOI: 10.1021/tx900213j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The subject of metabolites in safety testing has had much debate in the recent past and has shown itself to be a complex issue with no simple solutions to providing absolute assurance of drug safety. Much of the attention has focused on the ability to identify metabolites and then demonstrate that their risk has been adequately characterized, either through their exposure in toxicology species or, failing this, by direct safety testing. In this review, we summarize our forward operational strategy that combines the principles summarized in the FDA Guidance, together with discussions at scientific meetings and literature opinions. It is a balance between the primary goal of assuring patient safety with one of reasonable investment. A key principle in striking this balance is to build stepwise information on metabolites through the drug discovery and development continuum. This allows assessments to be made from early nonclinical studies onward as to whether or not metabolite safety is underwritten by exposure in toxicology species. This strategy does not require absolute quantitation of the metabolites in early clinical trials but relies upon comparison of relative exposures between animals and humans using the capabilities of modern analytical techniques. Through this strategy, human disproportionate metabolites can be identified to allow a decision regarding the need for absolute quantitation and direct safety testing of the metabolite. Definitive radiolabeled studies would be initiated following proof of pharmacology or efficacy in humans, and nonclinical safety coverage would be adequately assessed prior to large-scale clinical trials. In cases where metabolite safety is not supported through the parent compound toxicology program, approaches for the direct safety testing of metabolites with regard to general and reproductive toxicology, safety pharmacology, and genetic safety have been defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Walker
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom.
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Srivastava A, Lian LY, Maggs JL, Chaponda M, Pirmohamed M, Williams DP, Park BK. Quantifying the metabolic activation of nevirapine in patients by integrated applications of NMR and mass spectrometries. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:122-32. [PMID: 19797610 PMCID: PMC2802423 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.028688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nevirapine (NVP), an antiretroviral drug, is associated with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and skin reactions. Metabolic pathways of haptenation and immunotoxicity mechanisms have been proposed. NVP is metabolized by liver microsomes to a reactive intermediate that binds irreversibly to protein and forms a GSH adduct. However, no reactive metabolite of NVP, trapped as stable thioether conjugates, has hitherto been identified in vivo. This study has defined the metabolism of NVP with respect to reactive intermediate formation in patients and a rat model of NVP-induced skin reactions. An integrated NMR and mass spectrometry approach has been developed to discover and quantify stable urinary metabolite biomarkers indicative of NVP bioactivation in patients. Two isomeric NVP mercapturates were identified in the urine of HIV-positive patients undergoing standard antiretroviral chemotherapy. The same conjugates were found in rat bile and urine. The mercapturates were isolated from rat bile and characterized definitively by NMR as thioethers substituted at the C-3 and exocyclic C-12 positions of the methylpyrido ring of NVP. It is proposed that NVP undergoes bioactivation to arene oxide and quinone methide intermediates. The purified major mercapturate was quantified by NMR and used to calibrate a mass spectrometric assay of the corresponding metabolite in patient urine. This is the first evidence for metabolic activation of NVP in humans, and only the second minimum estimate in patients of bioactivation of a widely prescribed drug associated with idiosyncratic toxicities. The method can be used as a template for comparative estimations of bioactivation of any drug in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Srivastava
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Biomedical Sciences, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Shillingford S, Bishop L, Smith CJ, Payne R, Wilson ID, Edge AM. Application of High Temperature LC to the Separation of AZD5438 (4-(1-Isopropyl-2-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-N-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-amine) and Its Metabolites: Comparison of LC, UPLC and HTLC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nedderman ANR. Metabolites in safety testing: metabolite identification strategies in discovery and development. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2009; 30:153-62. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mallett DN, Ramírez-Molina C. The use of partially porous particle columns for the routine, generic analysis of biological samples for pharmacokinetic studies in drug discovery by reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2009; 49:100-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Petersson P, Frank A, Heaton J, Euerby MR. Maximizing peak capacity and separation speed in liquid chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:2346-57. [PMID: 18646261 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The practical effects of gradient time and flow rate on the peak capacities of a range of analytes of differing molecular weights (MWs) and physico-chemical properties have been evaluated using ultra high pressure LC instrumentation with sub-2 mum and superficially porous particle phases. Optimum peak capacity, in RP gradient LC, for small molecules, including typical pharmaceutical drugs and peptides with MWs up to 1300, was demonstrated at a maximum flow rate for a given gradient time (i.e. up to 40 min). Flow rates significantly higher than the optimum in the van Deemter plots and also higher than those typically employed by the majority of the chromatographers today are recommended for gradient LC (i.e. up to 1.0 mL/min on 50-150x2.1 mm 1.7 mum columns). This recommendation is applicable for temperatures above 40 degrees C, i.e. temperatures typically utilized for separations employing sub-2 mum particles to reduce column back pressure. Van Deemter and pseudo van Deemter plots were determined and combined with chromatographic gradient elution theory to explain our unexpected observations. The derived models exhibited good agreement between experimental and predicted peak capacities (absolute average error 4%, max. error 12%).
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Cuyckens F, Koppen V, Kembuegler R, Leclercq L. Improved liquid chromatography—Online radioactivity detection for metabolite profiling. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1209:128-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Crockford DJ, Maher AD, Ahmadi KR, Barrett A, Plumb RS, Wilson ID, Nicholson JK. 1H NMR and UPLC-MS(E) statistical heterospectroscopy: characterization of drug metabolites (xenometabolome) in epidemiological studies. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6835-44. [PMID: 18700783 DOI: 10.1021/ac801075m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Statistical HeterospectroscopY (SHY) is a statistical strategy for the coanalysis of multiple spectroscopic data sets acquired in parallel on the same samples. This method operates through the analysis of the intrinsic covariance between signal intensities in the same and related molecular fingerprints measured by multiple spectroscopic techniques across cohorts of samples. Here, the method is applied to 600-MHz (1)H NMR and UPLC-TOF-MS (E) data obtained from human urine samples ( n = 86) from a subset of an epidemiological population unselected for any relevant phenotype or disease factor. We show that direct cross-correlation of spectral parameters, viz. chemical shifts from NMR and m/ z data from MS, together with fragment analysis from MS (E) scans, leads not only to the detection of numerous endogenous urinary metabolites but also the identification of drug metabolites that are part of the latent use of drugs by the population. We show previously unreported positive mode ions of ibuprofen metabolites with their NMR correlates and suggest the detection of new metabolites of disopyramide in the population samples. This approach is of great potential value in the description of population xenometabolomes and in population pharmacology studies, and indeed for drug metabolism studies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Crockford
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Medicine and Anaesthetics, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, UK.
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LoBrutto R, Makarov A, Jerkovich A, McGill R, Kazakevich Y, Vivilecchia R. Enhancing Productivity in the Analytical Laboratory Through the Use of Ultra Fast-HPLC in Preformulation/Formulation Development. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802279467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario LoBrutto
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexey Makarov
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anton Jerkovich
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raymond McGill
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuri Kazakevich
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Seton Hall University , Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - Richard Vivilecchia
- a Novartis Pharmaceuticals , Pharmaceutical and Analytical Development , East Hanover, New Jersey, USA
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Multiresidue method for fast determination of pesticides in fruit juices by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2008; 76:211-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Ibáñez M, Sancho JV, Hernández F, McMillan D, Rao R. Rapid non-target screening of organic pollutants in water by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to time-of-light mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Tiller PR, Yu S, Castro-Perez J, Fillgrove KL, Baillie TA. High-throughput, accurate mass liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry on a quadrupole time-of-flight system as a 'first-line' approach for metabolite identification studies. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1053-1061. [PMID: 18327855 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Throughput for drug metabolite identification studies has been increased significantly by the combined use of accurate mass liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) data on a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) system and targeted data analysis procedures. Employed in concert, these tools have led to the implementation of a semi-automated high-throughput metabolite identification strategy that has been incorporated successfully into lead optimization efforts in drug discovery. The availability of elemental composition data on precursor and all fragment ions in each spectrum has greatly enhanced confidence in ion structure assignments, while computer-based algorithms for defining sites of biotransformation based upon mass shifts of diagnostic fragment ions have facilitated identification of positions of metabolic transformation in drug candidates. Adoption of this technology as the 'first-line' approach for in vitro metabolite profiling has resulted in the analysis of as many as 21 new chemical entities on one day from diverse structural classes and therapeutic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Tiller
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Bones J, Duffy C, Macka M, Paull B. Using coupled monolithic rods for ultra-high peak capacity LC and LC–MS under normal LC operating pressures. Analyst 2008; 133:180-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b714807k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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High-throughput determination of pesticide residues in food commodities by use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:947-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1746-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Plumb RS, Jones MD, Rainville P, Castro-Perez JM. The rapid detection and identification of the impurities of simvastatin using high resolution sub 2 μm particle LC coupled to hybrid quadrupole time of flight MS operating with alternating high–low collision energy. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2666-75. [PMID: 17868177 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The profiling and identification of impurities in raw pharmaceuticals or finished drug product is an essential part of the pharmaceutical manufacturing process. Critical to this process is the ability to confirm known, expected impurities and identify new impurities. LC coupled to electrospray MS is a powerful tool that has been employed for the identification of impurities, natural products, drug metabolites, and proteins. In this study, we show how sub 2 microm porous particle LC has been coupled to hybrid quadrupole orthogonal TOF mass spectrometer to profile and identify the impurities of the common cholesterol lowering drug simvastatin. The hybrid quadrupole TOF mass spectrometer was operated by alternating the collision cell energies to allow for the rapid, facile conformation of the identity of impurities. Using this process it was possible to identify all of the common impurities of simvastatin in a single 10 min run. During the analysis a new impurity of simvastatin was detected and identified as the saturated ring form of simvastatin.
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47
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Wang X, Zhao T, Gao X, Dan M, Zhou M, Jia W. Simultaneous determination of 17 ginsenosides in rat urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 594:265-73. [PMID: 17586124 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2007] [Revised: 05/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A rapid analytical method for quantifying 17 ginsenosides in rat urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is described. All analytes were extracted by solid-phase extraction optimized to obtain good recovery and quantified using digoxin as an internal standard. ESI-MS was optimized for different cone voltages at positive ionization mode to allow simultaneous analysis of all analytes in a relatively short time. Qualitative methodological considerations, including the linear range, precision, limit of quantification, limit of detection, recovery and sensitivity are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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48
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Wang H, Edom RW, Kumar S, Vincent S, Shen Z. Separation and quantification of two diastereomers of a Drug Candidate in rat plasma by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 854:26-34. [PMID: 17442640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) is a relatively new technology which utilizes chromatographic media with a 1.7 microm particle size. This technology has the potential to offer significant advantages in resolution, speed, and sensitivity for analytical determinations, particularly when coupled with mass spectrometric detection. Drug Candidate A, under development at Merck Research Laboratories, contains two chiral centers which have the absolute configuration R, S. Under in vivo and ex vivo conditions, one of the chiral centers readily epimerizes to produce the R, R diastereomer. Initially, a traditional high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to separate and quantify these two diastereomers in rat plasma. The lower limit of quantification (LOQ) of the two analytes was 2 ng/mL, and a chromatographic run time of approximately 11 min was needed to separate R, S-(A) and R, R-(A). In this study, we explored a simple and robust UHPLC-MS/MS method in order to increase sample throughput and productivity. We were able to achieve a two-fold reduction in the lower limit of quantification and a three-fold reduction in retention time utilizing the UHPLC method, while keeping the same sample extraction procedure and similar MS/MS methodology. The new method exhibited good intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision, and was linear over a dynamic range of 1-500 ng/mL for each diastereomer. The method was successfully applied for the determination of R, S-(A) and R, R-(A) concentrations for in vitro and in vivo studies of epimerization of A in Sprague-Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wang
- Department of Preclinical Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
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49
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Citová I, Havlíková L, Urbánek L, Solichová D, Nováková L, Solich P. Comparison of a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of retinol and α-tocopherol in human serum with conventional HPLC using monolithic and particulate columns. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:675-81. [PMID: 17390126 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinol and alpha-tocopherol are biologically active compounds often monitored in blood samples because of their evident importance in human metabolism. In this study a novel ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method used for determination of both vitamins in human serum has been compared with conventional HPLC with particulate and monolithic C(18) columns. In UPLC a sub-two-micron particle-hybrid C(18) stationary phase was used for separation, in contrast with a five-micron-particle packed column and a monolithic column with a highly porous structure. Methanol, at flow rates of 0.48, 1.5, and 2.5 mL min(-1), respectively, was used as mobile phase for isocratic elution of the compounds in the three methods. Detection was performed at 325 nm and 290 nm, the absorption maxima of retinol and alpha-tocopherol, respectively. Analysis time, sensitivity, mobile-phase consumption, validation data, and cost were critically compared for these different chromatographic systems. Although cost and mobile-phase consumption seem to make UPLC the method of choice, use of the monolithic column resulted in almost the same separation and performance with a slightly shorter analysis time. These methods are alternatives and, in routine laboratory practice, more economical means of analysis of large numbers of biological samples than use of a traditional particulate column.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Citová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Huerta-Fontela M, Galceran MT, Ventura F. Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Stimulatory Drugs of Abuse in Wastewater and Surface Waters. Anal Chem 2007; 79:3821-9. [PMID: 17437334 DOI: 10.1021/ac062370x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry was used for the rapid and simultaneous analysis of 15 stimulatory drugs in water. Cocaine, amphetamine-related compounds, LSD, ketamine, PCP, fentanyl, and metabolites, among the controlled drugs, and nicotine, caffeine, and their metabolites, among the noncontrolled drugs, were studied. Chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 4.5 min, with improved peak resolution and sensitivity. Identification and quantification of the compounds of interest was performed by selected reaction monitoring, using an electrospray ionization source. Isotope dilution (except for paraxanthine) was used for quantitation. Quality parameters of the method were established, and limits of quantification were obtained for controlled drugs in surface waters from 0.1 to 3.1 ng/L and in wastewaters from 0.2 to 4.0 ng/L. Run-to-run and day-to-day precisions were evaluated in different water matrixes (Milli-Q water, surface water, wastewater). To assess the presence of these drugs in real water samples, the optimized method was applied to the analysis of wastewater and surface river water. The analysis of several samples from wastewater treatment plants in northeast Spain revealed the presence of drugs such as cocaine and amphetamine-related compounds, in both influent and effluent samples. Cocaine metabolite and MDMA (ecstasy) were also found in surface waters while nicotine and caffeine were detected in all the analyzed samples. The results obtained demonstrate that the presence of these drugs in the aquatic media must be considered a matter of environmental concern.
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