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Li G, Chen D. Comparison of different extraction methods of active ingredients of Chinese medicine and natural products. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300712. [PMID: 38234023 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Like other traditional medicine in the world, Chinese traditional medicine (CTM) has a long history, which is a treasure of the combination of medicine and Chinese classical culture even more than 5000 years. For thousands of years, CTM has made great contributions to the reproduction and health of the Chinese people. It was an efficient therapeutic tool under the guidance of Chinese traditional medical theory, its source is generally natural products, but there are also a small number of it are natural products after some processing methods. In fact, the definition of Chinese medicine (CM) includes both traditional and new CM developed by modern technology. It is well known that the chemical composition of most CM and natural products is very complex, for example, a single herb may contain hundreds of different chemicals, including active ingredients, side effects, and even toxic ingredients. Therefore, the extraction process is particularly crucial for the quality and clinical efficacy of CM and natural products. In this work, a new classification method was proposed to divide the extraction technologies of CM and natural products into 21 kinds in recent years and analyze their status, advantages, and disadvantages. Then put forward a new technical route based on ultra-high-pressure extraction technology for rapid extraction else while removing harmful impurities and making higher utilization of CM and natural products. It is a useful exploration for the extraction industry of medicinal materials and natural products in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyuan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Chen
- Institute of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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2
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Method development for the determination of seven ginsenosides in three Panax ginseng reference materials via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:8215-8222. [PMID: 36258086 PMCID: PMC9827472 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the analysis of ginsenosides in three Panax ginseng reference materials (RMs). Extraction procedures were optimized to recover neutral and malonyl-ginsenosides using a methanol-water extraction under basic conditions. Optimized mass fragmentation transitions were obtained for the development of a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection method with electrospray ionization in negative and positive ion mode. Mass fraction values were determined for ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg1 in the three ginseng materials (rhizomes, extract, and an oral dosage form). Quantitation of these seven compounds was accomplished with 4-methylestradiol and SRM 3389 Ginsenoside Calibration Solution serving as an internal standard (IS) and calibration standards, respectively. Mass fraction values for the seven ginsenosides ranged from 1.27 mg/g to 21.42 mg/g, 3.25 mg/g to 35.81 mg/g, and 0.56 mg/g to 2.51 mg/g for SRM 3384, SRM 3385, and RM 8664, respectively.
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Guo YX, Zhang Y, Gao YH, Deng SY, Wang LM, Li CQ, Li X. Role of Plant-Derived Natural Compounds in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Review of the Treatment Potential and Development Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639651. [PMID: 34262447 PMCID: PMC8273381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that is mainly mediated by pathological T-cells. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a well-known animal model of MS that is used to study the underlying mechanism and offers a theoretical basis for developing a novel therapy for MS. Good therapeutic effects have been observed after the administration of natural compounds and their derivatives as treatments for EAE. However, there has been a severe lag in the research and development of drug mechanisms related to MS. This review examines natural products that have the potential to effectively treat MS. The relevant data were consulted in order to elucidate the regulated mechanisms acting upon EAE by the flavonoids, glycosides, and triterpenoids derived from natural products. In addition, novel technologies such as network pharmacology, molecular docking, and high-throughput screening have been gradually applied in natural product development. The information provided herein can help improve targeting and timeliness for determining the specific mechanisms involved in natural medicine treatment and lay a foundation for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Han Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Si-Ying Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li-Mei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Fan Y, Li Z, Liu L, Xi J. Combination of liquid-phase pulsed discharge and ultrasonic for saponins extraction from lychee seeds. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105264. [PMID: 32711372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A skillfully combined method of liquid-phase pulsed discharge and ultrasonic (LPDU) had been developed for saponins extraction from lychee seeds. Single factor and response surface methods were used to optimize the system, respectively. The optimized conditions included 30% aqueous ethanol, 62.66 mL/g ratio of liquid to solid, 3 mm centre hole diameter of hollow electrode, 123 mL/min flow velocity, length of serpentine pipe of 15 cm, 276 W ultrasonic power, 47 °C ultrasonic temperature, and discharge voltage was fixed at 14 kV. Under these conditions, it obtained a maximum saponins yield of 51.30 ± 0.08 mg/g with 10 min, which was higher than those of LPD (42.33 ± 0.98 mg/g) with 24 min, ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) (41.80 ± 1.31 mg/g) with 30 min and maceration (38.72 ± 1.13 mg/g) with 180 min. Meanwhile, the energy consumption of LPDU was 7560 kJ/kg, which was notably lower than those of LPD (8820 kJ/kg), UAE (25875 kJ/kg) and maceration (10248 kJ/kg). We found that the saponin constituents of LPDU were similar to LPD, UAE, ME by HPLC content detection method, and found that LPDU had the highest degree of tissue damage after scanning electron microscope (SEM) comparison, which verified the reason for its high extraction efficiency. The results showed that LPDU was an effective technology for saponins extraction, which may be potentially applied in cosmetics, medicines and food chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zongming Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jun Xi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Zhang S, Yi W, Wang Z, Fu C, Fan X, Du B, Cheng L, Lu W, Jiang Z. Ultrahigh pressure extraction of polysaccharide from Morinda officinalis and effect on the polysaccharide structure. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1794896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Zhang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weining Yi
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Fu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Du
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Cheng
- Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhuo Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Yang Y, Ju Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang Z. Phytochemical analysis of Panax species: a review. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:1-21. [PMID: 33437152 PMCID: PMC7790905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
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Li M, Chen Y, Wang X, Cheng S, Liu F, Huang L. Determination of drying kinetics and quality changes of Panax quinquefolium L. dried in hot-blast air. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jegal J, Jeong EJ, Yang MH. A Review of the Different Methods Applied in Ginsenoside Extraction From Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius Roots. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng saponins, also called ginsenosides, are the main active ingredients of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius and are often used as qualitative and quantitative markers in the regulation of ginseng products. Various methods have been used to extract the major ginsenosides, such as ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, and Rf from P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius. The objective of this paper is to review the studies regarding the influence of different extraction systems on ginsenoside amount and pattern in P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius roots. Although traditional extraction methods, Soxhlet and heat reflux extractions, have many disadvantages, including long extraction times and low extraction efficiency, they are the most widely used methods for ginseng saponin extraction. The amount and pattern of ginsenosides found in P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius roots differ depending on the method of extraction. In particular, the total ginsenoside amount and extraction efficiency can be significantly increased with the use of advanced extraction techniques that apply the conditions of high temperature and/or high pressure, such as pressurized liquid extraction, high-pressure microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and pulsed electric field extraction. Among several advanced extraction procedures, ultrahigh-pressure extraction is thought to offer the most advanced and efficient technology in that it requires only a few minutes for ginseng saponin extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Jegal
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Jeong
- Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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Khan SA, Aslam R, Makroo HA. High pressure extraction and its application in the extraction of bio-active compounds: A review. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafat A. Khan
- Department of Food Technology; Islamic University of Science and Technology; Awantipora Kashmir India
| | - Rouf Aslam
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering; Punjab Agricultural University; Ludhiana Punjab India
| | - Hilal A. Makroo
- Department of Food Technology; Islamic University of Science and Technology; Awantipora Kashmir India
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Patra JK, Das G, Lee S, Kang SS, Shin HS. Selected commercial plants: A review of extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds and their pharmacological market value. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lee H, Shahbaz HM, Ha N, Kim JU, Lee SJ, Park J. Development of ginseng powder using high hydrostatic pressure treatment combined with UV-TiO 2 photocatalysis. J Ginseng Res 2018; 44:154-160. [PMID: 32148398 PMCID: PMC7033331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) powder is in rising demand because powder forms of foods are convenient to handle and are highly preservable. However, ginseng powder (GP) manufactured using the conventional process of air drying and dry milling suffers nutrient destruction and a lack of microbiological safety. The objective of this study was to prepare GP using a novel process comprised of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis (UVTP) as a prewashing step, wet grinding, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), and freeze-drying treatments. Methods The effects of UVTP and HHP treatments on the microbial population, ginsenoside concentration, and physiological characteristics of GP were evaluated. Results When UVTP for 10 min and HHP at 600 MPa for 5 min were combined, initial 4.95 log CFU/g-fw counts of total aerobes in fresh ginseng were reduced to lower than the detection limit. The levels of 7 major ginsenosides in UVTP-HHP–treated GP were significantly higher than in untreated control samples. Stronger inhibitory effects against inflammatory mediator production and antioxidant activity were observed in UVTP-HHP–treated GP than in untreated samples. There were also no significant differences in CIELAB color values of UVTP-HHP–treated GP compared with untreated control samples. Conclusion Combined processing of UVTP and HHP increased ginsenoside levels and enhanced the microbiological safety and physiological activity of GP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunah Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Namho Ha
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Un Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jun Lee
- Holistic Bio Co., LTD., Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Discoursing on Soxhlet extraction of ginseng using association analysis and scanning electron microscopy. J Pharm Anal 2018; 8:312-317. [PMID: 30345145 PMCID: PMC6190510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soxhlet extraction is a common method of sample preparation. However, there has been no discussion about the efficiency of Soxhlet extraction from different batches and the factors that cause content fluctuation. In this study, Panax ginseng was selected as a model sample. Soxhlet extraction by means of a water bath, which has always been neglected, was identified as a novel key factor in the poor repeatability in different batches of Soxhlet extraction, as it can affect the siphon times and reflux time, which have been positively correlated with the ginsenoside contents. By substituting round bottom flasks in the same column, the relative standard deviation of the most fluctuated compound, ginsenoside Rb1, was decreased from 24.6% to 5.02%. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed that the breakdown of the surface of the ginseng powder in the Soxhlet extraction led to a better dissolution of ginsenosides, indicating that chloroform may promote the extraction of ginsenosides by disrupting the cell structure. Moreover, 70% methanol was regarded as the better solvent for extracting the ginsenosides. Overall, this work offers a practical and effective protocol for improving the accuracy and repeatability of Soxhlet extraction methodology for ginsenosides and other analytes.
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Effect of emergent non-thermal extraction technologies on bioactive individual compounds profile from different plant materials. Food Res Int 2018; 115:177-190. [PMID: 30599930 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Extraction is the first step for isolation and purification of interesting bioactive compounds, by mixing of the plant material with an adequate solvent. Those bioactive compounds are, usually, secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids which are present in closed insoluble structures, making its extraction a challenge. There are many different traditional extraction methods, such as Soxhlet, heat reflux, and maceration. Nevertheless, due to several disadvantages, they are being replaced by new methods, using emergent technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasounds, pulsed electric fields, and supercritical fluids. The use of novel technologies allows enhancing mass transfer rates, increasing cell permeability as well as increasing secondary metabolite diffusion, leading to higher extraction yields, fewer impurities on the final extract, extractions at room temperature with thermo-sensitive structures preservation, use of different non-organic solvents, low energy consumption, short operation time, and have no significant or lower effect on the structure of bioactive compounds. This paper aims to review the effect of the main emergent extraction technologies (high hydrostatic pressure, pulsed electric fields, ultrasounds, and supercritical fluid assisted) on the individual profile of bioactive compounds from plant material.
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Shinwari KJ, Rao PS. Thermal-assisted high hydrostatic pressure extraction of nutraceuticals from saffron (Crocus sativus): Process optimization and cytotoxicity evaluation against cancer cells. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mohammed Abubakar B, Mohd Salleh F, Shamsir Omar MS, Wagiran A. Review: DNA Barcoding and Chromatography Fingerprints for the Authentication of Botanicals in Herbal Medicinal Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:1352948. [PMID: 28536641 PMCID: PMC5425840 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1352948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the global use of herbal medicinal products (HMPs) due to their claimed health benefits. This has led to increase in their demand and consequently, also, resulted in massive adulteration. This is due to the fact that most of the traditional methods cannot identify closely related species in a process product form. Therefore the urgent need for simple and rapid identification methods resulted in the discovery of a novel technique. DNA barcoding is a process that uses short DNA sequence from the standard genome for species identification. This technique is reliable and is not affected by external factors such as climates, age, or plant part. The difficulties in isolation of DNA of high quality in addition to other factors are among the challenges encountered using the DNA barcoding in the authentication of HMP. These limitations indicated that using DNA barcoding alone may ineffectively authenticate the HMP. Therefore, the combination of DNA barcoding with chromatographic fingerprint, a popular and generally accepted technique for the assessment and quality control of HMP, will offer an efficient solution to effectively evaluate the authenticity and quality consistency of HMP. Detailed and quality information about the main composition of the HMPs will help to ascertain their efficacy and safety as these are very important for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Mohammed Abubakar
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauchi State University Gadau, PMB 065, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Faezah Mohd Salleh
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shahir Shamsir Omar
- Department of Biosciences & Health Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Alina Wagiran
- Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Wang Y, Choi HK, Brinckmann JA, Jiang X, Huang L. Chemical analysis of Panax quinquefolius (North American ginseng): A review. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Xue M, Yang L, Shi DZ, Radauer C, Breiteneder H, Ma Y. Qualitative analysis of xinyue capsules by high-performance liquid chromatography: Preliminary evaluation of drug quality in a Sino-Austrian joint study. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 21:772-7. [PMID: 26525548 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a reliable method to assess the stability of xinyue capsules containing Panax quinquefolius saponins according to European quality standards. METHODS An efficient high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) method was established to analyse six main ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1) in six different batches (120 capsules/batch) from the same lot of xinyue capsules and in one batch measured six times within one day. The six ginsenosides were separated on a Hypersil BDS-C18 column (3 μm, 100 mm×3 mm) at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. Gradient elution was performed using a mobile phase gradient of acetonitrile-water modified with 0.01% formic acid. The HPLC chromatograms were analyzed with "LC data comparison" using Lab Solutions software. RESULTS The HPLC peaks were identified by comparing their retention times (Rg1: 23.44 min, Re: 23.77 min, Rb1: 35.24 min, Rc: 36.18 min, Rb2: 38.55 min and Rd: 40.88 min) with those of the standards under the same chromatographic conditions, which showed similar results among the samples of six different batches and among the samples from one batch detected six times within one day. CONCLUSIONS Xinyue capsules have good drug intra-day consistency at room temperature and exhibit a consistent quality between different batches. This study established a reliable method to assess the stability of xinyue capsules, which is suitable for further qualitative analysis and may assist in promoting the safe and effective use of Chinese herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xue
- Center of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Center of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Da-zhuo Shi
- Center of Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Christian Radauer
- Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yan Ma
- Molecular Research in Traditional Chinese Medicine Group, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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18
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Effect of Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction and Bran Stabilization Methods on Rice Bran Oil. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-015-2596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Briones-Labarca V, Plaza-Morales M, Giovagnoli-Vicuña C, Jamett F. High hydrostatic pressure and ultrasound extractions of antioxidant compounds, sulforaphane and fatty acids from Chilean papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens) seeds: Effects of extraction conditions and methods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Deployment of response surface methodology to optimize recovery of dark fresh fig (Ficus carica L., var. Azenjar) total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Food Chem 2014; 162:277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Zhao S, Baik OD, Choi YJ, Kim SM. Pretreatments for the efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from plant-based biomaterials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1283-97. [PMID: 24564586 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.632698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of medicinal or functional compounds from herbal plants is an important unit operation in food and bio-industries. The target compounds are generally present inter- or intra-cellularly in an intricate microstructure formed by cells, intercellular spaces, capillaries, and pores. The major resistance of molecular diffusion in materials of plant origin always comes from the intact cell walls and adhering membranes. Therefore, increasing the permeability of cell walls and membranes plays a very important role to increase extraction yield and/or extraction rate. Important pretreatment methods to modify the cellular structures and increase the permeability of cell walls or membranes are discussed in this paper. They include physical, biologic, and chemical treatments. In physical methods, mechanical disruption, high-pressure (HP) process, pulsed electric field (PEF) application, ultrasonic treatment, and freeze-thaw, and so on were applied. In biologic methods, different cell wall-degrading enzymes were applied to break-down cell walls or membranes and to diminish the overall internal resistance for transporting bioactive compounds from internal matrix to the external solution. In chemical methods, various chemicals for increasing the inner- or outer-membrane permeabilization were introduced. The principles of the technologies, examples of improvements, and advantages and disadvantages of the pretreatment methods are critically reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Zhao
- a Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , SK , Canada
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22
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Optimization of ultra high pressure extraction (UHPE) condition for puffed ginseng using response surface methodology. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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23
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de Melo M, Silvestre A, Silva C. Supercritical fluid extraction of vegetable matrices: Applications, trends and future perspectives of a convincing green technology. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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24
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Bitencourt RG, Queiroga CL, Montanari Junior Í, Cabral FA. Fractionated extraction of saponins from Brazilian ginseng by sequential process using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water. J Supercrit Fluids 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Kim MB, Park JE, Woo SW, Lim SB, Hwang JK. Optimization of high hydrostatic pressure process for the extraction of kirenol from Siegesbeckia orientalis L. using response surface methodology. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0099-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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26
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Karami Z, Emam-Djomeh Z, Mirzaee HA, Khomeiri M, Mahoonak AS, Aydani E. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and soxhlet extraction of phenolic compound from licorice root. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2014; 52:3242-53. [PMID: 26028705 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In present study, response surface methodology was used to optimize extraction condition of phenolic compounds from licorice root by microwave application. Investigated factors were solvent (ethanol 80 %, methanol 80 % and water), liquid/solid ratio (10:1-25:1) and time (2-6 min). Experiments were designed according to the central composite rotatable design. The results showed that extraction conditions had significant effect on the extraction yield of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities. Optimal condition in microwave assisted method were ethanol 80 % as solvent, extraction time of 5-6 min and liquid/solid ratio of 12.7/1. Results were compared with those obtained by soxhlet extraction. In soxhlet extraction, Optimum conditions were extraction time of 6 h for ethanol 80 % as solvent. Value of phenolic compounds and extraction yield of licorice root in microwave assisted (MAE), and soxhlet were 47.47 mg/g and 16.38 %, 41.709 mg/g and 14.49 %, respectively. These results implied that MAE was more efficient extracting method than soxhlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Karami
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Emam-Djomeh
- Transfer Phenomena Lab (TPL), Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, 31587-11167 Karaj, Iran
| | - Habib Allah Mirzaee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Morteza Khomeiri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Emad Aydani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
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27
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Development of Panax quinquefolius Yaoqu and Panax quinquefolius Sake and determination of ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, and Re in both samples by HPLC–MS/MS. Eur Food Res Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-014-2202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Niamnuy C, Devahastin S, Soponronnarit S. Some recent advances in microstructural modification and monitoring of foods during drying: A review. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Xing L, Xie L, Liang Y, Xing R, Rao T, Zhou L, Wang Q, Fu H, Ye W, Wang G. Evaluation of liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight hybrid mass spectrometry on the quantitative analysis for ginsenosides. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1003-10. [PMID: 24420027 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is ideal and desirable for a single instrument to meet the requirement of both qualitative and quantitative analysis of complicated components in pharmacokinetic research for herbal medicine. Liquid chromatography combined with hybrid ion trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LCMS-IT-TOF) was recently confirmed as a very powerful tool for the qualitative analysis of both target and nontarget components in herbal medicines. The present study was designed to investigate the feasibility of LCMS-IT-TOF on quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in biological matrices. A simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure was followed by injection of the extracts onto a C₁₈ column with gradient elution and detection based on LCMS-IT-TOF system in negative scan mode. The developed method was validated with respect to the limit of quantification, linear dynamic range, precision, accuracy, matrix effects and stabilities. All the results suggested that the presently developed method was sufficiently sensitive and robust enough to simultaneously monitor 15 ginsenosides with diverse properties and a large range of concentration differences. Therefore, this method would be expected to be highly useful for comprehensive studies of ginsenosides in complicated matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing, 210009, China
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30
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Jun X. High-pressure processing as emergent technology for the extraction of bioactive ingredients from plant materials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 53:837-52. [PMID: 23768146 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.561380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure processing is a food processing technique that has shown great potentials in the food industry. Recently, it was developed to extract bioactive ingredients from plant materials, known as ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE), taking advantages of time saving, higher extraction yields, fewer impurities in the extraction solution, minimal heat and can avoid thermal degradation on the activity and structure of bioactive components, and so on. This review provides an overview of the developments in the UPE of bioactive ingredients from plant material. Apart from a brief presentation of the theories of UPE and extraction equipment systems, the principal parameters that influence the extraction efficiency to be optimized in the UPE (e.g., solvent, pressure, temperature, extraction time, and the number of cycle) were discussed in detail, and finally the more recent applications of UPE for the extraction of active compounds from plant materials were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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31
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Sunwoo HH, Gujral N, Huebl AC, Kim CT. Application of High Hydrostatic Pressure and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for the Extraction of Ginsenosides from Fresh Ginseng Root (Panax ginseng C.A. Myer). FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-013-1234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Wu WJ, Ahn BY. Effect of crude microbial enzyme pretreatment on the liberation of biological compounds and antioxidant activity of red ginseng extract. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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33
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Yingngam B, Supaka N, Rungseevijitprapa W. Optimization of process parameters for phenolics extraction of Cratoxylum formosum ssp. formosum leaves by response surface methodology. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Wan JY, Liu P, Wang HY, Qi LW, Wang CZ, Li P, Yuan CS. Biotransformation and metabolic profile of American ginseng saponins with human intestinal microflora by liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1286:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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35
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Kim DK, Baik MY, Kim HK, Hahm YT, Kim BY. Standardization of ginseng processing for maximizing the phytonutrients of ginseng. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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36
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Liu Z, Li W, Li X, Zhang M, Chen L, Zheng YN, Sun GZ, Ruan CC. Antidiabetic effects of malonyl ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on type 2 diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:233-240. [PMID: 23147499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been recorded to treat 'Xiao-ke' (emaciation and thirst) symptom in many ancient Chinese medical literatures (such as 'Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing') for thousands of years. 'Xiao-ke' symptom, in general, indicates diabetes mellitus. AIM OF THE STUDY Malonyl ginsenosides (MGR) are natural ginsenosides which exist in both fresh and air-dried ginseng. The objective of this study is to determine the antidiabetic function of MGR on type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS High fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with 50 and 100mg/kg/d of MGR or vehicle for 3 weeks. The effects of MGR on fasting blood glucose (FBG), intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), serum insulin (SI), insulin tolerance test (ITT), body weight, total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels in type 2 diabetic rats were measured. RESULTS After 3 weeks of treatment, MGR administration showed significantly lower FBG levels compared to the diabetic control group. In glucose tolerance test, IPGTT data showed that both MGR 50 and 100mg/kg groups significantly increased the glucose disposal after glucose load. The ITT also showed improvement of insulin sensitivity during 120 min of insulin treatment. In addition, MGR reduced TG and TC contents while showed no effect on body weight in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest that MGR can alleviate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia and insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Modernization, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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37
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Briones-Labarca V, Giovagnoli-Vicuña C, Figueroa-Alvarez P, Quispe-Fuentes I, Pérez-Won M. Extraction of <i>β</i>-Carotene, Vitamin C and Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Physalis peruviana</i> (Cape Gooseberry) Assisted by High Hydrostatic Pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2013.48a014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Ghafoor K, Kim SO, Lee DU, Seong K, Park J. Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on structure and colour of red ginseng (Panax ginseng). JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:2975-2982. [PMID: 22522592 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conventional method of processing ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots into red ginseng involves mainly heating and drying processes. In the present study, this method was modified by using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) to improve the physicochemical characteristics of red ginseng. RESULTS The HHP process (600 MPa for 1 min) significantly improved the histological properties of red ginseng by increasing cellular disruption and release of cell contents. The total reducing sugar content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (increased from 10.67 to 15.25 mg g(-1)) in red ginseng processed at 600 MPa for 1 min. Similarly, the total free amino acid content also increased significantly (from 2.81 to 7.77 mg g(-1)). The HHP process resulted in superior and more even colouration and gave an attractive visual appearance to red ginseng. The optical density at 420 nm and Hunter's colour a value (redness) of extracts prepared from red ginseng increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the application of HHP. CONCLUSION HHP-processed red ginseng has significantly higher reducing sugar and free amino acid contents together with a more compact cell structure and superior visual quality (brighter red colour). Hence the application of HHP in red ginseng processing can result in ginseng products of improved quality compared with those obtained by the conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Ghafoor
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Use of High Hydrostatic Pressure to Increase the Content of Xanthohumol in Beer Wort. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Zheng N, Chen F, Wang Z, Lin J. Modeling and Optimization of Artificial Neural Network and Response Surface Methodology in Ultra-high-Pressure Extraction of Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant and its antifungal activity. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Liu Z, Li Y, Li X, Ruan CC, Wang LJ, Sun GZ. The effects of dynamic changes of malonyl ginsenosides on evaluation and quality control of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 64-65:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Correlation of increased antioxidation with the phenolic compound and amino acids contents of Camellia sinensis leaf extracts following ultra high pressure extraction. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2011.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Liu ZQ. Chemical Insights into Ginseng as a Resource for Natural Antioxidants. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3329-55. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun
130021, China
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44
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Park K, Cho E, In MJ, Kim DC, Chae HJ. Physicochemical properties and bioactivity of brown seaweed fucoidan prepared by ultra high pressure-assisted enzyme treatment. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-011-0165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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45
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Prasad K, Ismail A, Shi J, Jiang Y. High Pressure–Assisted Extraction. ENHANCING EXTRACTION PROCESSES IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1201/b11241-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Kuang P, Wang G, Yuan Q, Liang H. Separation and purification of ginsenoside Re from ginseng bud by selective adsorption of active carbon and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:286-90. [PMID: 21848370 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.540577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Re (G-Re) is a major ingredient of the ginseng bud. A novel and rapid method to isolate and purify G-Re from ginseng buds was established. The procedure involves solvent extraction of ginseng bud powder, then pre-purification with an active carbon column and purification by preparative HPLC (prep-HPLC). Active carbon, which can selectively adsorb other kinds of ginsenosides except G-Re, was used as a new media to pre-purify G-Re in this study. In addition, we describe the development and optimisation of prep-HPLC parameters for G-Re purification. Compared to other types of high-purity G-Re preparation methods, this method is efficient, economical, waste-conscious and has the potential to maximise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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47
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Joo CG, Lee KH, Park C, Lee BC. Antioxidative activities and composition analysis of Pinus densiflora root by ultra high pressure extraction. J IND ENG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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48
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Hou J, He S, Ling M, Li W, Dong R, Pan Y, Zheng Y. A method of extracting ginsenosides from Panax ginseng by pulsed electric field. J Sep Sci 2011; 33:2707-13. [PMID: 20715136 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop and optimize a pulsed electric field (PEF) extraction method. Various experimental conditions, including electric field intensity and frequency, were evaluated against extraction methods. The content of six major ginsenosides (Rg(1), Re, Rb(1), Rc, Rb(2), and Rd) were quantified by HPLC. The results indicated that the highest yield of the ginsenoside is 12.69 mg/g by PEF using the conditions of 20 kV/cm electric field intensity, 6000 Hz frequency, 70% ethanol-water solution, and 150 L/h velocity. The yield of the ginsenoside of PEF extraction method is higher than the other five methods, such as microwave-assisted extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, accelerated solvent extraction, and ultrahigh pressure extraction, The whole extraction process of PEF takes less than 1 s, which is much less than the heat reflux extraction method for 6 h and even newly used technique ultrahigh pressure extraction method of 2 min. The high efficiency, shorter extraction times, and lower energy cost of PEF extraction method can be applied in the industrial production of saponins from Panax ginseng. The PEF extraction method is a promising and constructive method to extract ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun-city, Jilin, P. R. China
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50
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Liu C, Zhang S, Wu H. Non-thermal extraction of effective ingredients from Schisandra chinensis Baill and the antioxidant activity of its extract. Nat Prod Res 2010; 23:1390-401. [DOI: 10.1080/14786410902726100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiao Liu
- a Biological and Agricultural Engineering College , Jilin University , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
| | - Shouqin Zhang
- a Biological and Agricultural Engineering College , Jilin University , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
| | - Hua Wu
- a Biological and Agricultural Engineering College , Jilin University , Changchun 130022 , P.R. China
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