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Schräder N, Zhu WX, Jaekel A, Legelli M, Meyer D, Streckel K, Wirtz M, Lamotte S. Application of chiral stationary phases for the separation of vitamin A acetate isomers. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464710. [PMID: 38330727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The separation of vitamin A acetate isomers is essential for quality assurance of e.g. nutrition supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical ingredients. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is currently the most suitable analytical method for tackling this challenging separation task. However, the existing methods based on normal phase chromatography (NPC) are poorly reproducible due to the typical disadvantages of NPC, such as long equilibration times and fluctuation in retention factors. A new reversed phase method developed in our labs allows the separation of the isomers applying a chiral stationary phase (CSP). This phase consists of an immobilized polysaccharide which can be used in every chromatographic mode. However, they are not typically used in reversed phase mode. Through the screening of various stationary phases with different polysaccharide based chiral selectors, the choice of the ideal stationary phase could be confirmed, allowing to draw conclusions about the retention mechanism. The CSP Chiralpak IG-3 was found to be the most suitable among the examined. Regarding the separation mechanism, the spatial helical structure of the polysaccharide derivatives was confirmed to be of particular significance. In addition to the stationary phase, the mobile phase was tested for optimization regarding composition, gradient parameters as well as temperature using chromatographic method optimization software for the sake of method robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schräder
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Wan Xia Zhu
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF Advanced Chemicals Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Alexander Jaekel
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein 67056, Germany
| | - Mo Legelli
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany; Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein 67056, Germany
| | - Daniel Meyer
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein 67056, Germany
| | - Kevin Streckel
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Michaela Wirtz
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Stefan Lamotte
- Department of Analytical and Material Science, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen am Rhein 67056, Germany.
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Raikar P, Bannimath G. Recent Trends in Chiral Separation-A Collective Paradigm of Selected Chiral Impurities. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666181219144507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chiral separation plays a very important role in the modern pharmaceutical analysis and will
continue in upcoming years. Separation and identification of chiral impurities are indispensable. According
to ICH guidelines, only the active enantiomer of the drug has to be marketed, so there is a focus
on separation of the inactive enantiomer which acts as a chiral impurity. The impurities present in the
enantiomers also pose various toxic adverse effects on bioavailability and efficacy, hence the need to
separate these impurities will forever be trending. This review primarily focuses on the separation techniques
like Capillary Electrophoresis (CE), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas
Chromatography (GC), and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) followed by the year-wise trend
in the separation of selected chiral impurities. In the coming years, researchers should work on using
ultra-fast, selective, and sensitive methods for the effective separation of chiral impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Raikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru 570015, India
| | - Gurupadayya Bannimath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, SS Nagar, Mysuru 570015, India
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Shibata T, Shinkura S, Ohnishi A, Ueda K. Achiral Molecular Recognition of Aromatic Position Isomers by Polysaccharide-Based CSPs in Relation to Chiral Recognition. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010038. [PMID: 28036038 PMCID: PMC6155686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of several sets of aromatic position isomers on three cellulose- and one amylose-based chiral stationary phases was performed to evaluate the potential of a polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) in the separation of isomeric or closely similar molecules, and to understand the interaction mechanism of this type of CSP with analytes. Their ability of molecular recognition was quite outstanding, but the selection rule was particular to each polysaccharide derivative. In the series of analytes, cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) and tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) exhibited a contrasting selection rule, and the recognition mechanism was considered based on the computer-simulation of the former polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Shibata
- Daicel Corporation, Life Science Development Center, Himeji 671-1283, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Shinkura
- Daicel Corporation, Life Science Development Center, Himeji 671-1283, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ohnishi
- Daicel Corporation, Life Science Development Center, Himeji 671-1283, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Ueda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
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Saka C. Analytical Strategies for the Determination of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2016; 46:40-66. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2014.948679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Borowiecki P. Enantiodifferentiation of promethazine using (S)-(−)-BINOL as the NMR chiral solvating agent: determination of the enantiomeric purity and performance comparison with traditional chiral HPLC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Patil SD, Khandekar N, Kasawar GB, Shaikh K. Enantiomeric separation of a melatonin agonist Ramelteon using amylose-based chiral stationary phase. ARAB J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2010.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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7
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Chankvetadze B. Recent developments on polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases for liquid-phase separation of enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:26-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Dogrukol-Ak D, Yeniceli D. A SIMPLE AND SPECIFIC HPLC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF ATOMOXETINE IN PHARMACEUTICALS AND HUMAN PLASMA. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2010.526816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Dogrukol-Ak
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University , Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Duygu Yeniceli
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University , Eskisehir, Turkey
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Application of charged single isomer derivatives of cyclodextrins in capillary electrophoresis for chiral analysis. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:953-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Ravinder V, Ashok S, Satish Varma M, Raghunath Babu CV, Shanker K, Balaswamy G. A Validated Chiral LC Method for the Enantiomeric Separation of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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A quality by design approach to impurity method development for atomoxetine hydrochloride (LY139603). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:431-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2007] [Revised: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 10/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nagaraju V, Crouch AM. Development and Validation of a Rapid HPLC Assay for the Simultaneous Determination of Three Psychoanaleptic Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701854378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Nagaraju
- a Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , University of Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A. M. Crouch
- a Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , University of Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Kahle KA, Foley JP. Review of aqueous chiral electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with an emphasis on chiral microemulsion EKC. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2503-26. [PMID: 17657766 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The separation of enantiomers using electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) with chiral microemulsions is comprehensively reviewed through December 1, 2006. Aqueous chiral EKC separations based on other pseudostationary phases such as micelles and vesicles or on other chiral selectors such as CDs, crown ethers, glycopeptides, ligand exchange moeities are also reviewed from both mechanistic and applications perspective for the period of January 2005 to December 1, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kahle
- Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Nagarjuna A, Padmaja Reddy K, Mukkanti K, Suryanarayana MV. A Validated LC Method for Separation and Quantification of Voriconazole and Its Enantiomer. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Effects of diethylamine on Capillary Chromatographic Enantioseparation of Some Chiral Analytes Using Polysaccharide Stationary Phases with Pure Polar Solvents as Mobile Phases. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.6.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Gilpin
- Brehm Research Laboratory, University Park, Wright State University, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-2031, USA
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Khan M, Viswanathan B, Rao DS, Reddy R. Chiral separation of Frovatriptan isomers by HPLC using amylose based chiral stationary phase. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 846:119-23. [PMID: 16962393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A stereospecific HPLC method for separation of Frovatriptan enantiomers in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations was developed and validated on a normal-phase amylose derivertized chiral column. The effects of the organic modifiers namely 2-propanol, ethanol and diethyl amine (DEA) in the mobile phase were optimized to obtain the best enantiomeric separation. Calibration curves were linear over the range of 200-6150 ng/mL, with a regression coefficient (R(2)) of 0.9998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 65 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL, respectively. The method was accurate and precise and suitable for the intended purpose. Analysis results were compared with the results obtained by using a validated chiral CE method and found to be in very good agreement. This method can be successfully applied to the enantiomeric purity analysis of Frovatriptan in pharmaceutical bulk drug samples and formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffar Khan
- Department of Analytical Research, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Discovery Research, Bollaram Road, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500,049, India.
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Ramulu K, Rao BM, Madhavan P, Lalitha Devi M, Srinivasu MK, Chandrasekhar KB. A Validated Chiral LC Method for the Determination of Enantiomeric Purity of Pemetrexed Disodium on an Amylose-Based Chiral Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Seshachalam U, Narasimha Rao DVL, Haribabu B, Chandrasekhar KB. Chiral LC for Separation of the Enantiomers of Abacavir Sulfate. Chromatographia 2006. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-006-0107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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