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Gonçalves AC, Rodrigues S, Fonseca R, Silva LR. Potential Role of Dietary Phenolic Compounds in the Prevention and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Reports. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:590. [PMID: 38794160 PMCID: PMC11124183 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex illness with both hereditary and environmental components. Globally, in 2019, 18 million people had RA. RA is characterized by persistent inflammation of the synovial membrane that lines the joints, cartilage loss, and bone erosion. Phenolic molecules are the most prevalent secondary metabolites in plants, with a diverse spectrum of biological actions that benefit functional meals and nutraceuticals. These compounds have received a lot of attention recently because they have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-rheumatoid activity by modulating tumor necrosis factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, as well as other preventative properties. This article discusses dietary polyphenols, their pharmacological properties, and innovative delivery technologies for the treatment of RA, with a focus on their possible biological activities. Nonetheless, commercialization of polyphenols may be achievable only after confirming their safety profile and completing successful clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Sofia Rodrigues
- Health Superior School, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3500-843 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Arslan I. Naturally occurring caffeic acid phenethyl ester from chestnut honey-based propolis and virtual screening towards DYRK1A. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38300844 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2309660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders with dysfunction and ongoing loss of neurons, glial cells and the neural networks in the brain and spinal cord. DYRK1A protein was reported to modulate to the cytoskeletal fraction in human and mouse brain, and the remaining protein is located in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural derivative of caffeic acid and found in propolis, a bee product. In this study, we focused on isolation and characterisation of CAPE from chestnut honey-based propolis by HPLC-MS/MS technique and virtual screening of CAPE towards DYRK1A by molecular docking methods. Results revealed that CAPE might be a beneficial option to treat Alzheimer disease (AD) by suppressing DYRK1A protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Arslan
- Faculty of Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Ozbey G, Muz MN, Tanriverdi ES, Erkan S, Bulut N, Otlu B, Zigo F. Chemical composition, antimicrobial activities, and molecular docking studies of Turkish propolis ethanol extract. CZECH JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES 2023; 41:144-154. [DOI: 10.17221/100/2022-cjfs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
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Tekeli MY, Eraslan G, Bayram LÇ, Aslan C, Çalımlı S. The protective effects of baicalin and chrysin against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53997-54021. [PMID: 36869176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baicalin, chrysin and their combinations against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity in rats. For this purpose, sixty four rats were divided into evenly 8 groups with 6-8-week-old male Wistar albino rats, weighing 180-250 g, in each group. While the first group was kept as a control (corn oil), the remaining 7 groups were administered with emamectin benzoate (10 mg/kg bw), baicalin (50 mg/kg bw) and chrysin (50 mg/kg bw) alone or together for 28 days. Oxidative stress parameters, serum biochemical parameters and blood/tissue (liver, kidney, brain, testis and heart) and tissue histopathology were investigated. Compared to the control group, the emamectin benzoate-intoxicated rats had significantly higher tissue/plasma concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as lower tissue glutathione (GSH) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase/GSH-Px, glutathione reductase/GR, glutathione-S-transferase/GST, superoxide dismutase/SOD, catalase/CAT). Biochemical analysis showed that emamectin benzoate administration significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid and urea levels, and decreased serum total protein and albumin levels. The histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, brain, heart and testis tissues of the emamectin benzoate-intoxicated rats demonstrated necrotic changes. Baicalin and/or chrysin reversed the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by emamectin benzoate on these tested organs. Therefore, baicalin and chrysin (alone or in combination) could offer protection against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Coşkun Aslan
- Derinkuyu Emineana and Yaşar Ertaş Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Çalımlı
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Afata TN, Dekebo A. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effect of Western Ethiopian Propolis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200922. [PMID: 36575948 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Propolis or bee glue is commonly named as a natural resinous mixture produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from substances collected from parts of plants, buds, and exudate. The result of the ethyl acetate - methanol (3 : 2) volume by volume fraction yielded a total of two compounds namely betulinic acid and β-amyrin isolated from Bodji Dirmaji and Fincha'a district propolis, respectively. The crude ethanolic extract was portioned with the different solvent systems by increasing the polarities in the following order of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Column chromatographic method on normal silica gel was used to isolate the compounds. The structures of the compounds were characterized using 1D NMR techniques. The study revealed that western Ethiopian propolis was rich in saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, and glycosides. The antibacterial activity for the isolated compound (betulinic acid) showed the highest inhibition for S. aureus (11.2±1.6), E. coli (17.7±1.1), and A. niger (12.6±1.2) mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Neme Afata
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Ethiopia.,Oromia Region, Dambi Dollo Teachers College, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Dekebo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
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Biological Activity and Chemical Composition of Propolis from Various Regions of Poland. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010141. [PMID: 36615334 PMCID: PMC9822435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is one of the bee products, with multiple biological properties used in numerous applications. The research objective was to determine the chemical composition and biological properties (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and cytoprotective activity) of propolis extracts collected from various regions of Poland. The results indicated that the total content of phenols (116.16-219.41 mg GAE/g EEP) and flavonoids (29.63-106.07 mg QE/g EEP) in propolis extracts depended on their geographic origin. The high content of epicatechin, catechin, pinobanksin, myricetin, and acids: vanillic and syringic in propolis samples was confirmed by chromatographic analysis. Moreover, the presence of caffeic acid phenethyl ester was confirmed in all samples. The origin of propolis also influenced the biological properties of its extracts. The propolis extracts were characterized by moderate DPPH free radical scavenging activity (29.22-35.14%), and relatively low ferrous iron chelating activity (9.33-32.32%). The results indicated also that the propolis extracts showed high activity in the protection of human red blood cells against free radicals generated from 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH). The extracts exhibited diversified activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria and limited activity against fungal strains. The research of selected propolis extracts showed that only 2 of 5 examined samples showed moderate activity against HPV (human papillomaviruses) and the activity depended on its geographical distribution.
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Standardization proposal to quality control of propolis extracts commercialized in Brazil : A fingerprinting methodology using a UHPLC-PDA-MS/MS approach. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Recent progress on the recovery of bioactive compounds obtained from propolis as a natural resource: Processes, and applications. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bouchelaghem S. Propolis characterization and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans: A review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1936-1946. [PMID: 35531223 PMCID: PMC9072893 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a plant-based sticky substance that is produced by honeybees. It has been used traditionally by ancient civilizations as a folk medicine, and is known to have many pharmaceutical properties including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumour effects. Worldwide, researchers are still studying the complex composition of propolis to unveil its biological potential, and especially its antimicrobial activity against a variety of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. This review explores scientific reports published during the last decade on the characterization of different types of propolis, and evaluates their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Propolis can be divided into different types depending on their chemical composition and physical properties associated with geographic origin and plant sources. Flavonoids, phenols, diterpenes, and aliphatic compounds are the main chemicals that characterize the different types of propolis (Poplar, Brazilian, and Mediterranean), and are responsible for their antimicrobial activity. The extracts of most types of propolis showed greater antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria: particularly on S. aureus, as well as on C. albicans, as compared to Gram-negative pathogens. Propolis acts either by directly interacting with the microbial cells or by stimulating the immune system of the host cells. Some studies have suggested that structural damage to the microorganisms is a possible mechanism by which propolis exhibits its antimicrobial activity. However, the mechanism of action of propolis is still unclear, due to the synergistic interaction of the ingredients of propolis, and this natural substance has multi-target activity in the cell. The broad-spectrum biological potentials of propolis present it as an ideal candidate for the development of new, potent, and cost-effective antimicrobial agents.
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Kasote D, Bankova V, Viljoen AM. Propolis: chemical diversity and challenges in quality control. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:1887-1911. [PMID: 35645656 PMCID: PMC9128321 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Propolis is a resinous natural product produced by honeybees using beeswax and plant exudates. The chemical composition of propolis is highly complex, and varies with region and season. This inherent chemical variability presents several challenges to its standardisation and quality control. The present review was aimed at highlighting marker compounds for different types of propolis, produced by the species Apis mellifera, from different geographical origins and that display different biological activities, and to discuss strategies for quality control. Over 800 compounds have been reported in the different propolises such as temperate, tropical, birch, Mediterranean, and Pacific propolis; these mainly include alcohols, acids and their esters, benzofuranes, benzopyranes, chalcones, flavonoids and their esters, glycosides (flavonoid and diterpene), glycerol and its esters, lignans, phenylpropanoids, steroids, terpenes and terpenoids. Among these, flavonoids (> 140), terpenes and terpenoids (> 160) were major components. A broad range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities, have been ascribed to propolis constituents, as well as the potential of these compounds to be biomarkers. Several analytical techniques, including non-separation and separation methods have been described in the literature for the quality control assessment of propolis. Mass spectrometry coupled with separation methods, followed by chemometric analysis of the data, was found to be a valuable tool for the profiling and classification of propolis samples, including (bio)marker identification. Due to the rampant chemotypic variability, a multiple-marker assessment strategy considering geographical and biological activity marker(s) with chemometric analysis may be a promising approach for propolis quality assessment. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kasote
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
| | - Vassya Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
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11
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Ruiz-Hurtado PA, Garduño-Siciliano L, Domínguez-Verano P, Balderas-Cordero D, Gorgua-Jiménez G, Canales-Álvarez O, Canales-Martínez MM, Rodríguez-Monroy MA. Propolis and Its Gastroprotective Effects on NSAID-Induced Gastric Ulcer Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093169. [PMID: 34579045 PMCID: PMC8466107 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric ulcer disease induced by the consumption of NSAIDs is a major public health problem. The therapy used for its treatment causes adverse effects in the patient. Propolis is a natural product that has been used for the treatments of different diseases around the world. Nevertheless, there is little information about the activity of propolis in gastric ulcers caused by treatment with NSAIDs. Therefore, this review evaluates and compares the gastroprotective potential of propolis and its function against NSAID-induced gastric ulcers, for which a systematic search was carried out in the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. The main criteria were articles that report the gastroprotective activity of propolis against the damage produced by NSAIDs in the gastric mucosa. Gastroprotection was related to the antioxidant, antisecretory, and cytoprotective effects, as well as the phenolic compounds present in the chemical composition of propolis. However, most of the studies used different doses of NSAIDs and propolis and evaluated different parameters. Propolis has proven to be a good alternative for the treatment of gastric ulcer disease. However, future studies should be carried out to identify the compounds responsible for these effects and to determine their potential use in people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porfirio Alonso Ruiz-Hurtado
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (P.A.R.-H.); (L.G.-S.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES-Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.); (G.G.-J.); (O.C.-Á.)
| | - Leticia Garduño-Siciliano
- Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (P.A.R.-H.); (L.G.-S.)
| | - Pilar Domínguez-Verano
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES-Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.); (G.G.-J.); (O.C.-Á.)
| | - Daniela Balderas-Cordero
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES-Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.); (G.G.-J.); (O.C.-Á.)
| | - Gustavo Gorgua-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES-Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.); (G.G.-J.); (O.C.-Á.)
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Octavio Canales-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES-Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.); (G.G.-J.); (O.C.-Á.)
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Farmacia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - María Margarita Canales-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO, UNAM, FES-Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Estado de México 54090, Mexico;
| | - Marco Aurelio Rodríguez-Monroy
- Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES-Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (P.D.-V.); (D.B.-C.); (G.G.-J.); (O.C.-Á.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5545-205-185
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Populus tomentiglandulosa Extract Is Rich in Polyphenols and Protects Neurons, Astrocytes, and the Blood-Brain Barrier in Gerbil Striatum Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185430. [PMID: 34576901 PMCID: PMC8471727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemia in brains causes neuronal damage, gliosis, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, which is related to ischemia-induced brain dysfunction. Populus species have various pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we found that phenolic compounds were rich in Populus tomentiglandulosa extract and examined the effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa extract on neuronal damage/death, astrogliosis, and BBB breakdown in the striatum, which is related to motor behavior, following 15-min transient ischemia in the forebrain in gerbils. The gerbils were pre-treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the extract. The latter showed significant effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemia-induced hyperactivity using spontaneous motor activity test was significantly attenuated by the treatment. Striatal cells (neurons) were dead at five days after the ischemia; however, pre-treatment with the extract protected the striatal cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ischemia-induced reactive astrogliosis was significantly alleviated, in particular, astrocyte end feet, which are a component of BBB, were significantly preserved. Immunoglobulin G, which is not found in intact brain parenchyma, was apparently shown (an indicator of extravasation) in striatal parenchyma at five days after the ischemia, but IgG leakage was dramatically attenuated in the parenchyma by the pre-treatment. Based on these findings, we suggest that Populus tomentiglandulosa extract rich in phenolic compounds can be employed as a pharmaceutical composition to develop a preventive material against brain ischemic injury.
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Galeotti F, Capitani F, Maccari F, Mantovani V, Volpi N. Capillary Electrophoresis Separation of Artepillin C: Determination in Brazilian Green Propolis. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:994-1003. [PMID: 33604611 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is important in complementary and alternative medicine having well-known therapeutic applications. Artepillin C, a main component of Brazilian (green) propolis, has attracted great attention for its anticancer action. Consequently, the synthesis of artepillin C has been reported but, due to the limited yield and elevated costs, this biomolecule is largely produced from Brazilian propolis. We report the capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation of artepillin C in Brazilian propolis also comparing the results with those of HPLC-UV-MS. Optimal separation was obtained with a simple buffer constituted of sodium tetraborate 30 mM pH 9.2 and detection at 210 nm. Artepillin C and the polyphenols of propolis were fully separated with a voltage gradient of 30 to 8 kV and a current of 300 μA for a total run of 50 min. The sensitivity of CE-UV was 22 times greater than HPLC-UV and 100 times more than HPLC-MS with also a stronger reduction in the run time and a greater robustness and reproducibility. The development of CE as an effective and reliable method for the analysis of artepillin C is desired as the standardized quality controls are essential before propolis or its biomolecules can be adopted routinely in nutraceuticals, food ingredients and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Impact of Plant Origin on Eurasian Propolis on Phenolic Profile and Classical Antioxidant Activity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010068. [PMID: 33419208 PMCID: PMC7825625 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a bee product with known medical properties, including antioxidant activity. The scope of the study is profiling 19 different Eurasian propolis samples (mostly from Russia and Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Poland, Ukraine, and Slovakia). Profiles of propolises were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector–mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-MS). Classical antioxidant properties, which are based on electron donation mechanism, were assessed by DPPH, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also evaluated by colorimetric tests. Most of the samples exhibited significant content of polyphenols (from 30.28 to 145.24 mg GAE/g of propolis) and flavonoids (from 10.45 to 82.71 mg GAE/g of propolis). Most of the propolis samples exhibited potent antiradical (DPPH test—from 8.83 to 64.47 mg GAE/g of propolis) and reducing activity (FRAP test—from 0.08 to 1.17 mmol Fe2+/g of propolis). Based on the occurrence of marker compounds, propolis samples were classified as poplar, aspen–birch, aspen–poplar, and aspen–birch–poplar type. Main markers present in propolis of poplar (e.g., chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin, and 3-O-acetyl-pinobanksin), birch (ermanin and acacetin) and aspen (2-acetyl-1,3-di-p-coumaroylglycerol) origin were used. DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC tests results were correlated with flavonoids, total polyphenols, or the polyphenols other than flavonoids content. In term of activity, poplar propolis type was variable, while aspen–birch–poplar type usually exhibited high DPPH and FRAP activity.
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Demir S, Timucin Atayoglu A, Galeotti F, Garzarella EU, Zaccaria V, Volpi N, Karagoz A, Sahin F. Antiviral activity of different extracts of standardized propolis preparations against HSV. Antivir Ther 2021; 25:353-363. [DOI: 10.3851/imp3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Dezmirean DS, Paşca C, Moise AR, Bobiş O. Plant Sources Responsible for the Chemical Composition and Main Bioactive Properties of Poplar-Type Propolis. PLANTS 2020; 10:plants10010022. [PMID: 33374275 PMCID: PMC7823854 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous mixture, made by the honeybees from substances collected from tree or other plant buds, plant exudates, or resins found in the stem, branches, or leaves of different plants. The geographical origin of propolis is given by plant sources from respective areas. Different studies have classified this bee product according to the vegetal material from the same areas. Poplar-type propolis has the widest spread in the world, in the temperate zones from Europe, Asia, or North America. The name is given by the main plant source from where the bees are collecting the resins, although other vegetal sources are present in the mentioned areas. Different Pinus spp., Prunus spp., Acacia spp. and also Betula pendula, Aesculus hippocastanum, and Salix alba are important sources of resins for "poplar-type" propolis. The aim of this review is to identify the vegetal material's chemical composition and activities of plant resins and balms used by the bees to produce poplar-type propolis and to compare it with the final product from similar geographical regions. The relevance of this review is to find the similarities between the chemical composition and properties of plant sources and propolis. The latest determination methods of bioactive compounds from plants and propolis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.D.); (C.P.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Paşca
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.D.); (C.P.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Adela Ramona Moise
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (D.S.D.); (C.P.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Otilia Bobiş
- Life Science Institute, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-746-027-940
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SORUCU A, CEYLAN Ö. Determination of antimicrobial and anti-quorum sensing activities of water and ethanol extracts propolis. ANKARA ÜNIVERSITESI VETERINER FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.793632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Preclinical approaches in vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment with mucoadhesive thermoresponsive systems containing propolis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243197. [PMID: 33306677 PMCID: PMC7732059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginitis that affects women, especially in childbearing age, caused by Candida albicans in almost 80% of cases. Considering the limited drug arsenal available and the increasing fungal resistance profile, the search for new therapeutic sources with low toxicity and easy administration should be supported. Propolis has been used as a traditional medicine for multiple diseases, considering its particular composition and pharmaceutical properties that permits its wide applicability; it has also emerged as a potential antifungal agent. Thus, this study performed an in vitro and in vivo investigation into the efficacy of a new mucoadhesive thermoresponsive platform for propolis delivery (MTS-PRPe) in a preclinical murine model of VVC treatment caused by C. albicans. The methodologies involved chemical analysis, an assessment of the rheological and mucoadhesive properties of propolis formulations, in vitro and in vivo antifungal evaluations, histological evaluations and electron microscopy of the vaginal mucosa. The results demonstrated the antifungal activity of propolis extract and MTS-PRP against the standard strain and a fluconazole-resistant clinical isolate of C. albicans, in both in vitro and in vivo assays. These results were similar and even better, depending on the propolis concentration, when compared to nystatin. Thus, the formulation containing propolis exhibited good performance against C. albicans in a vulvovaginal candidiasis experimental model, representing a promising opportunity for the treatment of this infection.
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Fernández-Calderón MC, Navarro-Pérez ML, Blanco-Roca MT, Gómez-Navia C, Pérez-Giraldo C, Vadillo-Rodríguez V. Chemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of a Novel Spanish Propolis with New Polyphenols also Found in Olive Oil and High Amounts of Flavonoids. Molecules 2020; 25:E3318. [PMID: 32707882 PMCID: PMC7435631 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural product obtained from hives. Its chemical composition varies depending on the flora of its surroundings, but nevertheless, common for all types of propolis, they all exhibit remarkable biological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of a novel Spanish Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (SEEP). It was found that this new SEEP contains high amounts of polyphenols (205 ± 34 mg GAE/g), with unusually more than half of this of the flavonoid class (127 ± 19 mg QE/g). Moreover, a detailed analysis of its chemical composition revealed the presence of olive oil compounds (Vanillic acid, 1-Acetoxypinoresinol, p-HPEA-EA and 3,4-DHPEA-EDA) never detected before in propolis samples. Additionally, relatively high amounts of ferulic acid and quercetin were distinguished, both known for their important therapeutic benefits. Regarding the antimicrobial properties of SEEP, the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were found at the concentrations of 240 and 480 µg/mL, respectively. Importantly, subinhibitory concentrations were also found to significantly decrease bacterial growth. Therefore, the results presented here uncover a new type of propolis rich in flavonoids with promising potential uses in different areas of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Luisa Navarro-Pérez
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
| | - María Teresa Blanco-Roca
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Carolina Gómez-Navia
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
| | - Ciro Pérez-Giraldo
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Area of Microbiology, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.L.N.-P.); (C.G.-N.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Virgina Vadillo-Rodríguez
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.T.B.-R.); (C.P.-G.); (V.V.-R.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Zhang XH, Ma YX, Yi C, Qing XD, Liu Z, Zheng JJ, Lin F, Lv TF. Chemometrics-enhanced HPLC–DAD as a rapid and interference-free strategy for simultaneous quantitative analysis of flavonoids in Chinese propolis. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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In Vitro Antifungal and Antivirulence Activities of Biologically Synthesized Ethanolic Extract of Propolis-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles against Candida albicans. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:3715481. [PMID: 31871479 PMCID: PMC6907039 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3715481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a natural substance and consists of bioactive compounds, which gives it antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. However, the use of propolis is limited by the low solubility in aqueous solutions. Thus, nanoparticles may be likely to accomplish enhanced delivery of poorly water-soluble phytomedicine. The aim of the present study was to fabricate and evaluate the biological activity of ethanolic extract of propolis-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (EEP-NPs). The EEP-NPs were prepared using the oil-in-water (o/w) single-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The physicochemical properties of EEP-NPs were characterized and tested on their cytotoxicity, antifungal activity, and impact on key virulence factors that contribute to pathogenesis of C. albicans. EEP-NPs were successfully synthesized and demonstrated higher antifungal activity than EEP in free form. Moreover, EEP-NPs exhibited less cytotoxicity on Vero cells and suppressed the virulence factors of C. albicans, including adhesion, hyphal germination, biofilm formation, and invasion. Importantly, EEP-NPs exhibited a statistical decrease in the expression of hyphal adhesion-related genes, ALS3 and HWP1, of C. albicans. The results of this study revealed that EEP-NPs mediates a potent anticandidal activity and key virulence factors by reducing the gene-encoding virulence-associated hyphal- adhesion proteins of C. albicans and, thereby, disrupting the morphologic presence and attenuating their virulence.
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Lee CH, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim JD, Cho JH, Lee TK, Won MH. Stronger antioxidant enzyme immunoreactivity of Populus tomentiglandulosa extract than ascorbic acid in rat liver and kidney. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:963-967. [PMID: 31579454 PMCID: PMC6760487 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.34926.8296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective(s): Populus species have various pharmacological properties, including antioxidant activity. In this study, the effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa extract (PTE) on histopathology and antioxidant enzymes in the rat liver and kidney were examined. Materials and Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups; (1) normal diet fed group, (2) ascorbic acid-containing diet-fed group as a positive control, (3) PTE-containing diet-fed group. The histopathology in the rat liver and kidney was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The effect of PTE was examined in the rat liver and kidney by immunohistochemistry for antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results: No marked histopathological alterations were observed in the liver and kidney of the PTE-containing diet-fed group. In the liver, the mean numbers of SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx immunoreactive cells were significantly increased in the PTE-containing diet-fed rats, compared with those in the normal- and ascorbic acid-containing diet-fed rats. In the kidney, all SOD1, SOD2, CAT, and GPx immunoreactive structures were significantly increased in the PTE-containing diet-fed group, compared with those in the normal- and ascorbic acid-containing diet-fed groups. Conclusion: Results showed that PTE treatment significantly increased antioxidant enzymes in the rat liver and kidney, and we suggest that PTE might have hepato- and nephro-protective potentials against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Dai Kim
- Division of Food Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Antihyperlipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Averrhoa Carambola Extract in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030072. [PMID: 31527433 PMCID: PMC6784245 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explored the antihyperlipidemic potential of a standardized methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola (A. carambola) leaf (MEACL) in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. The standardized MEACL was orally administered at different doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) to HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats for five weeks. Serum lipid profile, body weight changes, body mass index (BMI), daily food intake, relative organ weight, and histology of the liver were evaluated. In addition, the effect of MEACL on HMG-CoA reductase and pancreatic lipase activities as well as hepatic and fecal lipids was demonstrated. MEACL supplementation reduced serum lipids in HFD-fed rats in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological scores revealed that 1000 mg/kg MEACL restored the damage to liver tissue in hyperlipidemic rats. MEACL decreased the body mass index (BMI), atherogenic index, and hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides and increased fecal cholesterol and bile acids in HFD-fed rats. Also, MEACL ameliorated lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant defenses in the liver of HFD-fed rats. Furthermore, HMG-CoA reductase and lipase were suppressed by MEACL. In conclusion, this study shows the potential effect of MEACL to ameliorate hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in HFD-fed rats. It prevented hepatic lipid accumulation and exerted an inhibitory effect on HMG-CoA reductase and lipase.
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El‐Guendouz S, Lyoussi B, Miguel MG. Insight on Propolis from Mediterranean Countries: Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Application Fields. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900094. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina El‐Guendouz
- Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental HealthFaculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazUniversity Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah Fez, BP 1796 Atlas 30000 Morocco
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMeditBioUniversity of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, MeditBio Faro 8005-139 Portugal
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Physiology-Pharmacology-Environmental HealthFaculty of Sciences Dhar El MehrazUniversity Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah Fez, BP 1796 Atlas 30000 Morocco
| | - Maria G. Miguel
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyFaculty of Science and TechnologyMeditBioUniversity of Algarve Campus de Gambelas, MeditBio Faro 8005-139 Portugal
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Saftić L, Peršurić Ž, Kraljević Pavelić S. LC–QQQ and LC–QTOF MS methods for comprehensive detection of potential allergens in various propolis extracts. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Woźniak M, Mrówczyńska L, Waśkiewicz A, Rogoziński T, Ratajczak I. Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Extracts From Poland. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19849777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a natural material collected by honeybees, containing bioactive compounds that exhibit biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition of Polish propolis extracted with two different concentrations of ethanol, namely 70% and 96%, and to evaluate their antioxidant activity depending on extraction conditions. Samples of Polish propolis were extracted with 70% and 96% ethanol in order to obtain the ethanolic propolis extracts EEP70 and EEP96, respectively. Concentrations of 10 flavonoids and 6 phenolic acids were determined using the UPLC-PDA-TQD system. The antioxidant properties were determined based on the DPPH· free radical scavenging activity, Fe3+ reducing power assay, and ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activity assays. Moreover, the effects of the propolis extracts on human red blood cell morphology , the selective permeability of their membrane, as well as on free radicals-induced hemolysis were also assessed. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of both propolis extracts indicated that 70% ethanolic extract contained higher amounts of phenolic compounds than 96% ethanolic extract. The levels of antioxidant activity indicated that both Polish propolis extracts exhibited a high and comparable antioxidant power. The concentration of ethanol used for extraction had no effect on the antioxidant potential of propolis. The presented results indicate that the extracts of Polish propolis are rich in phenolic compounds and are very effective as antioxidant agents. Therefore, they may be applied as a constituent of products used in phytotherapy regardless of the concentration of ethanol used in propolis extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Woźniak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rogoziński
- Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
| | - Izabela Ratajczak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Wood Technology, University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Ozdal T, Ceylan FD, Eroglu N, Kaplan M, Olgun EO, Capanoglu E. Investigation of antioxidant capacity, bioaccessibility and LC-MS/MS phenolic profile of Turkish propolis. Food Res Int 2019; 122:528-536. [PMID: 31229108 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous bee hive product that has many biological activities. In this study, a total of 11 raw propolis samples were collected from various geographical areas in Turkey. Phenolic compounds were extracted from all samples and analyses of total phenolics and flavonoids and total antioxidant capacities were performed. All the samples showed high total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacities. Moreover, the in vitro bioaccessibility of Turkish propolis samples were investigated according to simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion method. Bioaccessibility was increased through the gastric and intestinal phases. Furthermore, the composition of polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids) in Turkish propolis extracts was investigated by LC-MS/MS method. A total of 32 phenolic compounds, including Caffeic acid phenylethyl ester (CAPE) which was observed in all samples, were identified in the samples. Higher CAPE contents were determined in the samples from the Marmara region which is in line with its higher antioxidant capacity values. As a conclusion, propolis samples collected from different geographical locations differ for their phenolic and flavonoid contents, individual phenolic profile and bioaccessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozdal
- Istanbul Okan University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 34959, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Fatma Duygu Ceylan
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nazife Eroglu
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Centre, Institute of Chemical Technology, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey; ALCON, Vision Care R&D 11460 Johns Creek Pkwy, Duluth, GA 30097 USA..
| | - Muammer Kaplan
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Centre, Institute of Chemical Technology, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Elmas Oktem Olgun
- TUBITAK Marmara Research Centre, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute, 41470 Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Identification and Determination of Seven Phenolic Acids in Brazilian Green Propolis by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and HPLC. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091791. [PMID: 31075821 PMCID: PMC6540256 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilian green propolis is a complex mixture of natural compounds that is difficult to analyze and standardize; as a result, controlling its quality is challenging. In this study, we used the positive and negative modes of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography for the identification and characterization of seven phenolic acid compounds in Brazilian green propolis. The optimal operating conditions for the electrospray ionization source were capillary voltage of 3500 V and drying and sheath gas temperatures of 320 °C and 350 °C, respectively. Drying and sheath gas flows were set to 8 L/min and 11 L/min, respectively. Brazilian green propolis was separated using the HPLC method, with chromatograms for samples and standards measured at 310 nm. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS was used to identify the following phenolic compounds: Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid C, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and artepillin C. Using a methodologically validated HPLC method, the seven identified phenolic acids were then quantified among different Brazilian green propolis. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the content of a given phenolic acid across different Brazilian green propolis samples, owing to the same plant resin sources for each sample. Isochlorogenic acid B had the lowest content (0.08 ± 0.04) across all tested Brazilian green propolis samples, while the artepillin C levels were the highest (2.48 ± 0.94). The total phenolic acid content across Brazilian green propolis samples ranged from 2.14–9.32%. Notably, artepillin C quantification is an important factor in determining the quality index of Brazilian green propolis; importantly, it has potential as a chemical marker for the development of better quality control methods for Brazilian green propolis.
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Mak KK, Tan JJ, Marappan P, Balijepalli MK, Choudhury H, Ramamurthy S, Pichika MR. Galangin’s potential as a functional food ingredient. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Aldemir O, Yildirim HK, Sözmen EY. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of biotechnologically transformed propolis. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Aldemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry; Ege University; İzmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Hatice Kalkan Yildirim
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering; Ege University; İzmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Eser Yildirim Sözmen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry; Ege University; İzmir 35100 Turkey
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Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Prepared in Different Forms and in Different Solvents Useful for Finished Products. Foods 2018; 7:foods7030041. [PMID: 29562665 PMCID: PMC5867556 DOI: 10.3390/foods7030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Different products from a unique propolis extract obtained by using various solvents such as hydroalcoholic, glycolic (98% propylene glycol), and glyceric solutions, and oil, as well as in powder form, named ESIT12, were prepared. The molecular composition of the different preparations was evaluated and their antioxidant activity determined. All the preparations showed a quite similar polyphenol composition and comparable percentage even if ESIT12 was found to be richer in phenolic acids (caffeic, coumaric, ferulic, and isoferulic). Overall, flavones and flavonols ranged from ~20% up to ~36% in the glyceric extract, while flavanones and diidroflavonols were between ~28% and ~41%. Besides their quite similar composition, glycolic and hydroalcoholic extracts were found to be richer in the total polyphenols content. When the antioxidant properties were determined for the four preparations, the activity was similar among them, thus revealing that it is strictly related to the polyphenols content for propolis products whose composition is quite comparable. To date, very few data are available on propolis composition in glyceric and glycolic extracts and information has never been published on propolis in oil. This study could be of interest to the food and nutraceutical industries to choose suitable solvents and conditions to produce propolis preparations useful for active finished products.
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Zaccaria V, Curti V, Di Lorenzo A, Baldi A, Maccario C, Sommatis S, Mocchi R, Daglia M. Effect of Green and Brown Propolis Extracts on the Expression Levels of microRNAs, mRNAs and Proteins, Related to Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1090. [PMID: 28974022 PMCID: PMC5691707 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence highlights that propolis exerts many biological functions that can be ascribed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components, including different polyphenol classes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms are yet unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms at the basis of propolis anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The effects of two brown and green propolis extracts-chemically characterized by RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn-on the expression levels of miRNAs associated with inflammatory responses (miR-19a-3p and miR-203a-3p) and oxidative stress (miR-27a-3p and miR-17-3p), were determined in human keratinocyte HaCat cell lines, treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations. The results showed that brown propolis, whose major polyphenolic components are flavonoids, induced changes in the expression levels of all miRNAs, and was more active than green propolis (whose main polyphenolic components are hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives) which caused changes only in the expression levels of miR-19a-3p and miR-27a-3p. In addition, only brown propolis was able to modify (1) the expression levels of mRNAs, the target of the reported miRNAs, which code for Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), Nuclear Factor, Erythroid 2 Like 2 (NFE2L2) and Glutathione Peroxidase 2 (GPX2), and (2) the protein levels of TNF-α and NFE2L2. In conclusion, brown and green propolis, which showed different metabolite profiles, exert their biological functions through different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Zaccaria
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Valeria Curti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Arianna Di Lorenzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Baldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Maccario
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Sommatis
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mocchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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Ambi A, Bryan J, Borbon K, Centeno D, Liu T, Chen TP, Cattabiani T, Traba C. Are Russian propolis ethanol extracts the future for the prevention of medical and biomedical implant contaminations? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 30:50-58. [PMID: 28545669 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies reveal that the mechanism of action of propolis against bacteria is functional rather than structural and is attributed to a synergism between the compounds in the extracts. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Propolis is said to inhibit bacterial adherence, division, inhibition of water-insoluble glucan formation, and protein synthesis. However, it has been shown that the mechanism of action of Russian propolis ethanol extracts is structural rather than functional and may be attributed to the metals found in propolis. If the metals found in propolis are removed, cell lysis still occurs and these modified extracts may be used in the prevention of medical and biomedical implant contaminations. STUDY DESIGN The antibacterial activity of metal-free Russian propolis ethanol extracts (MFRPEE) on two biofilm forming bacteria: penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was evaluated using MTT and a Live/Dead staining technique. Toxicity studies were conducted on mouse osteoblast (MC-3T3) cells using the same viability assays. METHODS In the MTT assay, biofilms were incubated with MTT at 37°C for 30min. After washing, the purple formazan formed inside the bacterial cells was dissolved by SDS and then measured using a microplate reader by setting the detecting and reference wavelengths at 570nm and 630nm, respectively. Live and dead distributions of cells were studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS Complete biofilm inactivation was observed when biofilms were treated for 40h with 2µg/ml of MFRPEE. Results indicate that the metals present in propolis possess antibacterial activity, but do not have an essential role in the antibacterial mechanism of action. Additionally, the same concentration of metals found in propolis samples, were toxic to tissue cells. Comparable to samples with metals, metal free samples caused damage to the cell membrane structures of both bacterial species, resulting in cell lysis. CONCLUSION Results suggest that the structural mechanism of action of Russian propolis ethanol extracts stem predominate from the organic compounds. Further studies revealed drastically reduced toxicity to mammalian cells when metals were removed from Russian propolis ethanol extracts, suggesting a potential for medical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Ambi
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA
| | - Julia Bryan
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA
| | - Katherine Borbon
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA
| | - Daniel Centeno
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA
| | - Tianchi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Tung Po Chen
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Thomas Cattabiani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Biological Sciences, Charles V. Schaefer School of Engineering and Sciences, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
| | - Christian Traba
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Peter's University, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA.
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Soltani EK, Cerezuela R, Charef N, Mezaache-Aichour S, Esteban MA, Zerroug MM. Algerian propolis extracts: Chemical composition, bactericidal activity and in vitro effects on gilthead seabream innate immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 62:57-67. [PMID: 28089892 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Propolis has been used as a medicinal agent for centuries. The chemical composition of four propolis samples collected from four locations of the Sétif region, Algeria, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was determined. More than 20 compounds and from 30 to 35 compounds were identified in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts, respectively. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the propolis extracts against two marine pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. Finally, the in vitro effects of propolis on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocyte activities were measured. The bactericidal activity of ethanolic extracts was very high against Shewanella putrefaciens, average against Photobacterium damselae and very low against Vibrio harveyi. The lowest bactericidal activity was always that found for the aqueous extracts. When the viability of gilthead seabream head-kidney leucocytes was measured after 30 min' incubation with the different extracts, both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of one of the propolis samples (from Babor) and the aqueous extract of another (from Ain-Abbassa) provoked a significant decrease in cell viability when used at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg ml-1. Furthermore, significant inhibitory effects were recorded on leucocyte respiratory burst activity when isolated leucocytes where preincubated with the extracts. This effect was dose-dependent in all cases except when extracts from a third propolis sample (from Boutaleb) were used. Our findings suggest that some of Algerian propolis extracts have bactericidal activity against important bacterial pathogens in seabream and significantly modulate in vitro leucocyte activities, confirming their potential as a source of new natural biocides and/or immunomodulators in aquaculture practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Khamsa Soltani
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria
| | - Rebeca Cerezuela
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Noureddine Charef
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria
| | - Samia Mezaache-Aichour
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mohamed Mihoub Zerroug
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas Sétif 1, Algeria
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Galeotti F, Crimaldi L, Maccari F, Zaccaria V, Fachini A, Volpi N. Selective treatment to reduce contamination of propolis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) still preserving its active polyphenol component and antioxidant activity. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:1971-1980. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1269093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Galeotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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Al-Ghamdi AA, Bayaqoob NIM, Rushdi AI, Alattal Y, Simoneit BRT, El-Mubarak AH, Al-Mutlaq KF. Chemical compositions and characteristics of organic compounds in propolis from Yemen. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:1094-1103. [PMID: 28663710 PMCID: PMC5478286 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a gummy material made by honeybees for protecting their hives from bacteria and fungi. The main objective of this study is to determine the chemical compositions and concentrations of organic compounds in the extractable organic matter (EOM) of propolis samples collected from four different regions in Yemen. The propolis samples were extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that the total extract yields ranged from 34% to 67% (mean = 55.5 ± 12.4%). The major compounds were triterpenoids (254 ± 188 mg g−1, mainly α-, β-amyryl and dammaradienyl acetates), n-alkenes (145 ± 89 mg g−1), n-alkanes (65 ± 29 mg g−1), n-alkanoic acids (40 ± 26 mg g−1), long chain wax esters (38 ± 25 mg g−1), n-alkanols (8 ± 3 mg g−1) and methyl n-alkanoates (6 ± 4 mg g−1). The variation in the propolis chemical compositions is apparently related to the different plant sources. The compounds of these propolis samples indicate that they are potential sources of natural bio-active compounds for biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Al-Ghamdi
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Ahmad Bagshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nowfal I M Bayaqoob
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Ahmad Bagshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Rushdi
- ETAL Consulting and Services, 2951 SE Midvale Dr., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yehya Alattal
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Ahmad Bagshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernd R T Simoneit
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Aarif H El-Mubarak
- Chair of Green Energy Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Khalid F Al-Mutlaq
- Chair of Green Energy Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Fu L, Sun Y, Ding L, Wang Y, Gao Z, Wu Z, Wang S, Li W, Bi Y. Mechanism evaluation of the interactions between flavonoids and bovine serum albumin based on multi-spectroscopy, molecular docking and Q-TOF HR-MS analyses. Food Chem 2016; 203:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Flavonoids Extraction from Propolis Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6281376. [PMID: 27213000 PMCID: PMC4860246 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6281376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Propolis, a traditional medicine, has been widely used for a thousand years as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant drug. The flavonoid fraction is the main active component of propolis, which possesses a wide range of biological activities, including activities related to heart disease. However, the role of the flavonoids extraction from propolis (FP) in heart disease remains unknown. This study shows that FP could attenuate ISO-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy (PCH) and heart failure in mice. The effect of the two fetal cardiac genes, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), on PCH was reversed by FP. Echocardiography analysis revealed cardiac ventricular dilation and contractile dysfunction in ISO-treated mice. This finding is consistent with the increased heart weight and cardiac ANF protein levels, massive replacement fibrosis, and myocardial apoptosis. However, pretreatment of mice with FP could attenuate cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy in vivo. Furthermore, the cardiac protection of FP was suppressed by the pan-PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. FP is a novel cardioprotective agent that can attenuate adverse cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and associated disorder, such as fibrosis. The effects may be closely correlated with PI3K/AKT signaling. FP may be clinically used to inhibit PCH progression and heart failure.
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The Tissue Distribution and Urinary Excretion Study of Gallic Acid and Protocatechuic Acid after Oral Administration of Polygonum Capitatum Extract in Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:399. [PMID: 27023501 PMCID: PMC6273519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the tissue distribution and urinary excretion of gallic acid (GA) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) after rat oral administration of aqueous extract of Polygonum capitatum (P. capitatum, named Herba Polygoni Capitati in China). An UHPLC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and adopted for quantification of GA and PCA in different tissue homogenate and urine samples. Interestingly, we found that GA and PCA showed a relatively targeted distribution in kidney tissue after dosing 60 mg/kg P. capitatum extract (equivalent to 12 mg/kg of GA and 0.9 mg/kg of PCA). The concentrations of GA and PCA in the kidney tissue reached 1218.62 ng/g and 43.98 ng/g, respectively, at one hour after oral administration. The results helped explain the empirical use of P. capitatum for kidney diseases in folk medicine. Further studies on urinary excretion of P. capitatum extract indicated that GA and PCA followed a concentrated elimination over a 4-h period. The predominant metabolites were putatively identified to be 4-methylgallic acid (4-OMeGA) and 4-methylprotocatechuic acid (4-OMePCA) by analyzing their precursor ions and characteristic fragment ions using tandem mass spectrometry. However, the amount of unchanged GA and PCA that survived the metabolism were about 14.60% and 15.72% of the total intake, respectively, which is reported for the first time in this study.
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Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Orhan IE, Daglia M, Manayi A, Gortzi O, Nabavi SM. Neuroprotective effects of chrysin: From chemistry to medicine. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:224-31. [PMID: 26386393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimated that the proportion of older people (over 60 years) will increase from 11% to 22% during next 40 years throughout the world. With respect to this, the morbidity and mortality rates of age-related diseases will increase. Mental diseases are the most common and important health problems among elderly people. Therefore, much attention has been paid to the discovery of neuroprotective drugs with high efficacy and negligible adverse effects. A growing body of scientific evidence has shown that phytochemicals possess neuroprotective effects and also mitigate neurodegeneration under both in vivo and in vitro conditions. Polyphenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, are known as most common chemical class of phytochemicals which possess a multiple range of health promoting effects. Chrysin, belonging to the flavone class, is one of the most important bioactive constituents of different fruits, vegetables and even mushrooms. Chrysin possesses potent neuroprotective effects and suppress neuroinflammation. In addition, chrysin improves cognitive decline and possesses a potent anti-amyloidogenic and neurotrophic effects. Furthermore, beneficial effects of chrysin on both depression and epilepsy have been reported. The present paper aimed to critically review the available literature data regarding the neuroprotective effects of chrysin as well as its chemistry, sources and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olga Gortzi
- Department of Food Technology, Technological Educational Institution of Thessaly Terma N. Temponera Str. Greece
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Fast Differential Analysis of Propolis Using Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2015; 2015:176475. [PMID: 26339245 PMCID: PMC4539062 DOI: 10.1155/2015/176475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectral fingerprints of 24 raw propolis samples, including 23 from China and one from the United States, were directly obtained using surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (SDAPCI-MS) without sample pretreatment. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the most abundant signals were detected in the mass ranges of 70 to 500 m/z and 200 to 350 m/z, respectively. Principal component analyses (PCA) for the two mass ranges showed similarities in that the colors had a significant correlation with the first two PCs; in contrast there was no correlation with the climatic zones from which the samples originated. Analytes such as chrysin, pinocembrin, and quercetin were detected and identified using multiple stage mass spectrometry within 3 min. Therefore, SDAPCI-MS can be used for rapid and reliable high-throughput analysis of propolis.
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Wang Z, Sun R, Wang Y, Li N, Lei L, Yang X, Yu A, Qiu F, Zhang H. Determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in raw propolis by silica-supported ionic liquid-based matrix solid phase dispersion extraction high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 969:205-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang K, Zhang J, Ping S, Ma Q, Chen X, Xuan H, Shi J, Zhang C, Hu F. Anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts of Chinese propolis and buds from poplar (Populus×canadensis). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:300-311. [PMID: 24882729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis is used widely in a number of cultures as a folk medicine and is gaining wider recognition for its potential therapeutic use, due to its wide range of biological properties and pharmacological activities, especially its anti-inflammatory effects. Despite an increasing number of studies focused on the biological activities of propolis together with its botanical sources, studies on Chinese propolis are insufficient. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extracts from Chinese propolis (EECP) and poplar buds (EEPB) from Populus×canadensis Moench (Salicaceae family). MATERIALS AND METHODS Phytochemical analysis of EECP and EEPB was performed via total phenolic and flavonoid content measurements followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. DPPH and ABTS free-radical scavenging methods were used to evaluate their anti-oxidant properties. The anti-inflammatory effects of EECP and EEPB were investigated in vitro by evaluating their modulating effects on the key inflammatory cytokines and mediators in LPS/IFN-γ co-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and by measuring nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation in TNF-α or IL-1β stimulation HEK 293 cells using reporter gene assays. Their effects on acute inflammatory symptoms (LPS-induced endotoxemia and acute pulmonary damage) were also examined in mice. RESULTS EECP and EEPB exhibited strong free-radical scavenging activity and significant in vitro anti-inflammatory effects by modulating key inflammatory mediators of mRNA transcription, inhibiting the production of specific inflammatory cytokines, and blocking the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB. The administration of EECP and EEPB (25 and 100 mg/kg) provided significant protective effects by attenuating lung histopathological changes and suppressing the secretion of LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-12p70 production in endotoxemic mice. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here reveal the potent anti-inflammatory properties of Chinese propolis and poplar buds, and provide biological information for developing suitable substitute(s) for propolis in the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shun Ping
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Quanxin Ma
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Hongzhuan Xuan
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinhu Shi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Husbandry and veterinary technical popularization center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fuliang Hu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Jerz G, Elnakady YA, Braun A, Jäckel K, Sasse F, Al Ghamdi AA, Omar MOM, Winterhalter P. Preparative mass-spectrometry profiling of bioactive metabolites in Saudi-Arabian propolis fractionated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography and off-line atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass-spectrometry injection. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1347:17-29. [PMID: 24831423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is a glue material collected by honeybees which is used to seal cracks in beehives and to protect the bee population from infections. Propolis resins have a long history in medicinal use as a natural remedy. The multiple biological properties are related to variations in their chemical compositions. Geographical settings and availability of plant sources are important factors for the occurrence of specific natural products in propolis. A propolis ethylacetate extract (800mg) from Saudi Arabia (Al-Baha region) was separated by preparative scale high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) using a non-aqueous solvent system n-hexane-ACN (1:1, v/v). For multiple metabolite detection, the resulting HSCCC-fractions were sequentially injected off-line into an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass-spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS) device, and a reconstituted mass spectrometry profile of the preparative run was visualized by selected ion traces. Best ion-intensities for detected compounds were obtained in the negative APCI mode and monitored occurring co-elution effects. HSCCC and successive purification steps resulted in the isolation and characterization of various bioactive natural products such as (12E)- and (12Z)-communic acid, sandaracopimaric acid, (+)-ferruginol, (+)-totarol, and 3β-acetoxy-19(29)-taraxasten-20a-ol using EI-, APCI-MS and 1D/2D-NMR. Cycloartenol-derivatives and triterpene acetates were isolated in mixtures and elucidated by EI-MS and 1D-NMR. Free fatty acids, and two labdane fatty acid esters were identified by APCI-MS/MS. In total 19 metabolites have been identified. The novel combination of HSCCC fractionation, and APCI-MS-target-guided molecular mass profiling improve efficiency of lead-structure identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerold Jerz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Yasser A Elnakady
- King Saud University, Department of Zoology, College of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Chemical Biology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - André Braun
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kristin Jäckel
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florenz Sasse
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Chemical Biology, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ahmad A Al Ghamdi
- King Saud University, Chair of Engineer Abdullah Baqshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed O M Omar
- King Saud University, Chair of Engineer Abdullah Baqshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Yan B, Cao G, Sun T, Zhao X, Hu X, Yan J, Peng Y, Shi A, Li Y, Xue W, Li M, Li K, Liu Y. Determination of pinocembrin in human plasma by solid-phase extraction and LC/MS/MS: application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1601-6. [PMID: 24733513 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Guoying Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Taohua Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Xi Zhao
- CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Co. Ltd; no. 276 Zhongshan West Road Shijiazhuang 050035 China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Jiling Yan
- CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Co. Ltd; no. 276 Zhongshan West Road Shijiazhuang 050035 China
| | - Yueying Peng
- CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Co. Ltd; no. 276 Zhongshan West Road Shijiazhuang 050035 China
| | - Aixin Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Beijing Hospital; no. 1 Dahua Road Beijing 100730 China
| | - Yingfa Liu
- CSPC Zhongqi Pharmaceutical Technology (Shijiazhuang) Co. Ltd; no. 276 Zhongshan West Road Shijiazhuang 050035 China
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Polyphenols as key players for the antileukaemic effects of propolis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:371730. [PMID: 24772179 PMCID: PMC3977507 DOI: 10.1155/2014/371730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Propolis (a bee product) which has a long history of medicinal use by humans has attracted a great deal of research interest in the recent time; this is due to its widely reported biological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticarcinogenic properties. Crude form of propolis and its phenolic contents have both been reported to exhibit antileukaemic effects in various leukaemia cell lines. The ability of the polyphenols found in propolis to arrest cell cycle and induce apoptosis and differentiation in addition to inhibition of cell growth and proliferation makes them promising antileukaemic agents, and hence, they are believed to be a key to the antileukaemic effects of propolis in different types of leukaemia. This paper reviews the molecular bases of antileukaemic activity of both crude propolis and individual polyphenols on various leukaemia cell lines, and it indicates that propolis has the potential to be used in both treatment and prevention of leukaemia. This however needs further evaluation by in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies as well as clinical trials.
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Popa OM, Diculescu VC. On the adsorption and electrochemical oxidation of flavones apigenin and acacetin at a glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Kumazawa S, Bonvehí JS, Torres C, Mok-Ryeon A, Bermejo FJO. Chemical and functional characterisation of propolis collected from East Andalusia (southern Spain). PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2013; 24:608-615. [PMID: 23670998 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Propolis is a complex mixture of natural sticky, gummy and resinous components produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from plant materials. However, phytochemical data of the Andalusian (southern Spain) propolis are scant. OBJECTIVE The primary objectives of this study were to chemically characterise the compounds and evaluate the anti-oxidant activity found in 28 Andalusian propolis samples. METHODS Ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) were prepared and examined for their anti-oxidant activity by 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. To characterise the phenolic composition, the presence of 11 compounds was identified by HPLC analysis with photodiode array and mass spectrometric detection. RESULTS All propolis samples had strong anti-oxidant activity, accompanied by high total phenolic content. The most abundant compounds were flavonoids. Concerning the phenolic compounds content, our results showed that the 75% of the samples analysed contained at least 80 mg/g of flavonoids, primarily pinobanksin 3-acetate, pinocembrin, chrysin, galangin and pinobanksin. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester was detected in almost all EEP samples but in smaller proportions (mean 12.9 ± 2.8 mg/g). CONCLUSION The present investigation constitutes the first comprehensive report on the phenolics identified in southern Spanish propolis. The results revealed that the samples tested showed a high scavenging activity and therefore indicate the possible use of Andalusian propolis as an important source of natural anti-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Alarcón-Flores MI, Romero-González R, Vidal JLM, Frenich AG. Multiclass determination of phytochemicals in vegetables and fruits by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 141:1120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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