1
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Mahgoub H, Ragab MAA, Tarek S, Maher HM. An eco-friendly liquid chromatographic analysis of the triple therapy protocol of amoxicillin, metronidazole and vonoprazan for H. Pylori eradication: application to combined dosage forms and simulated gastric fluid. BMC Chem 2024; 18:106. [PMID: 38816886 PMCID: PMC11138008 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has a big sway when peptic ulcers are concerned. For its eradication, different protocols have been approved. Among which, the tripartite therapy protocol which embraces vonoprazan as potassium competitive acid blocker in combination with amoxicillin and metronidazole as antibiotics. An environmentally benign HPLC method is addressed in order to simultaneously determine amoxicillin (AMX), metronidazole (MET) and vonoprazan (VPZ) in bulk powder and combined tablet mixture. Full separation of AMX, MET and VPZ is accomplished using C8 column, and a gradient mobile phase system, composed of methanol and phosphate buffer of a pH value of 5. Fine linearity in the concentration ranges 50-600 µg mL-1 amoxicillin, 50-400 µg mL-1 metronidazole and 10-100 µg mL-1 vonoprazan was denoted by the high correlation coefficient (0.9999). The method accuracy and precision are confirmed upon analyzing AMX, MET and VPZ triple therapy not only in their synthetic mixtures and combined tablet mixtures but also in their combined tablet mixtures in simulated gastric fluid. AMX, MET and VPZ triple therapy could be routinely analyzed in QC labs, in case of being co-formulated, using the presented method. Three different assessment tools were adopted revealing the benign environmental impact of presented method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Mahgoub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Marwa A A Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
| | - Salma Tarek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Hadir M Maher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, El-Messalah, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
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2
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Asfour MH, Salama AAA. Coating with tripolyphosphate-crosslinked chitosan as a novel approach for enhanced stability of emulsomes following oral administration: Rutin as a model drug with improved anti-hyperlipidemic effect in rats. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123314. [PMID: 37579826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study is to preserve the emulsomal vesicles against the harsh condition of gastrointestinal tract (GIT), after oral administration, employing tripolyphosphate (TPP)-crosslinked chitosan as a protective coating layer. Rutin was used as a model drug with evaluation of anti-hyperlipidemic activity in rats. The rutin loaded unmodified emulsomes were prepared using tripalmitin and soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), by thin film method. Drug loading for the prepared formulations ranged between 6.80 and 15.50 %. The selected formulation (RT-Emuls-6) comprised tripalmitin and SPC, molar ratio 1:1, and exhibited particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP) of 150.40 nm and -35.35 mV, respectively. RT-Emuls-6 was then modified by coating with either solely chitosan (RT-Emuls-6-Ch) or TPP-crosslinked chitosan (RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1). The latter exhibited PS and ZP values of 269.60 nm and 37.17 mV, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy of RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 showed a dense pale greyish layer of a coating layer of chitosan crosslinked with TPP surrounding SPC bilayers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis along with X-ray powder diffraction confirmed cross-linking between chitosan and TPP. Stability study in the simulated GIT fluids revealed that the order of rutin retained percentage was RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 > RT-Emuls-6-Ch > RT-Emuls-6 (80.02, 50.66 and 44.41 %, respectively for simulated gastric fluid and 63.50, 55.66 and 24.00 %, respectively for simulated intestinal fluid, after 2 h incubation). Anti-hyperlipidemic activity of rutin loaded emulsomes was evaluated, after oral administration, in a high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. The order of activity was as follows: RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 > RT-Emuls-6-Ch > RT-Emuls-6 > free rutin. These findings revealed the potential of TPP-crosslinked chitosan as a protective coating layer for enhancing the stability of emulsomes against the harsh condition of GIT. RT-Emuls-6-Ch-TPP-1 had a potent anti-hyperlipidemic activity via regulation of lipids, oxidative stress, irisin and uncoupling protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Abeer A A Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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3
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Ramos-Inza S, Encío I, Raza A, Sharma AK, Sanmartín C, Plano D. Design, synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel Se-NSAID hybrid molecules: Identification of a Se-indomethacin analog as a potential therapeutic for breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Xie W, Cao B, Zhu H, Raza A, Juckel N, Xie J, Jiang R, Vince R, Lee MK, More SS. Orally Bioavailable Prodrugs of ψ-GSH: A Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14441-14455. [PMID: 36353871 PMCID: PMC9662183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Addressing glycation-induced oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an emerging pharmacotherapeutic strategy. Restoration of the brain glyoxalase enzyme system that neutralizes reactive dicarbonyls is one such approach. Toward this end, we designed, synthesized, and evaluated a γ-glutamyl transpeptidase-resistant glyoxalase substrate, ψ-GSH. Although mechanistically successful, the oral efficacy of ψ-GSH appeared as an area in need of improvement. Herein, we describe our rationale for the creation of prodrugs that mask the labile sulfhydryl group. In vitro and in vivo stability studies identified promising prodrugs that could deliver pharmacologically relevant brain levels of ψ-GSH. When administered orally to a mouse model generated by the intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42, the compounds conferred cognitive benefits. Biochemical and histological examination confirmed their effects on neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Collectively, we have identified orally efficacious prodrugs of ψ-GSH that are able to restore brain glyoxalase activity and mitigate inflammatory and oxidative pathology associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Bin Cao
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Haizhou Zhu
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Abbas Raza
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Nicholas Juckel
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jiashu Xie
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rongrong Jiang
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Robert Vince
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Michael K. Lee
- Department
of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Institute
for Translational Neuroscience, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Swati S. More
- Center
for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University
of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Bittner N, Boon A, Delbanco EH, Walter C, Mally A. Assessment of aromatic amides in printed food contact materials: analysis of potential cleavage to primary aromatic amines during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1423-1435. [PMID: 35247070 PMCID: PMC9013685 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent analyses conducted by German official food control reported detection of the aromatic amides N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (NDPA), N-acetoacetyl-m-xylidine (NAAX) and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthanilide (Naphthol AS) in cold water extracts from certain food contact materials made from paper or cardboard, including paper straws, paper napkins, and cupcake liners. Because aromatic amides may be cleaved to potentially genotoxic primary amines upon oral intake, these findings raise concern that transfer of NDPA, NAAX and Naphthol AS from food contact materials into food may present a risk to human health. The aim of the present work was to assess the stability of NDPA, NAAX and Naphthol AS and potential cleavage to 2,4-dimethylaniline (2,4-DMA) and aniline during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract using static in vitro digestion models. Using the digestion model established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, Bilthoven, NL) and a protocol recommended by the European Food Safety Authority, potential hydrolysis of the aromatic amides to the respective aromatic amines was assessed by LC-MS/MS following incubation of the aromatic amides with digestive fluid simulants. Time-dependent hydrolysis of NDPA and NAAX resulting in formation of the primary aromatic amine 2,4-DMA was consistently observed in both models. The highest rate of cleavage of NDPA and NAAX was recorded following 4 h incubation with 0.07 M HCl as gastric-juice simulant, and amounted to 0.21% and 0.053%, respectively. Incubation of Naphthol AS with digestive fluid simulants did not give rise to an increase in the concentration of aniline above the background that resulted from the presence of aniline as an impurity of the test compound. Considering the lack of evidence for aniline formation from Naphthol AS and the extremely low rate of hydrolysis of the amide bonds of NDPA and NAAX during simulated passage through the gastrointestinal tract that gives rise to only very minor amounts of the potentially mutagenic and/or carcinogenic aromatic amine 2,4-DMA, risk assessment based on assumption of 100% cleavage to the primary aromatic amines would appear to overestimate health risks related to the presence of aromatic amides in food contact materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Bittner
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andy Boon
- Sun Chemical, Sargasso Building, Five Arches Business Centre, Maidstone Road, Sidcup, UK
| | - Evert H Delbanco
- Siegwerk Druckfarben AG & Co. KGaA, Alfred-Keller-Straße 55, 53721, Siegburg, Germany
| | - Christof Walter
- Verband der deutschen Lack- und Druckfarbenindustrie e.V. (VdL), Mainzer Landstraße 55, 60329, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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6
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Solliec M, Roy-Lachapelle A, Storck V, Callender K, Greer CW, Barbeau B. A data-independent acquisition approach based on HRMS to explore the biodegradation process of organic micropollutants involved in a biological ion-exchange drinking water filter. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130216. [PMID: 33780680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water producers continuously develop innovative treatment processes to effectively remove organic micropollutants from raw water. Biological ion-exchange (BIEX) water treatment is one of these new techniques under development and showing great potential. In order to investigate if biodegradation is highly involved in such a removal technique, cultures were prepared with microorganisms sampled on the resins of a BIEX filter. Then, organic micropollutants were spiked into these cultures and their (bio)degradation was followed over 30 days by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). The purpose of this study was firstly to develop an analytical method using UHPLC-HRMS able to monitor the degradation of three spiked organic micropollutants in culture. Beyond quantification, this method allowed the simultaneous recording of fragmentation information via the use of a data-independent acquisition approach to perform a non-exhaustive search of transformation products related to the spiked micropollutants in culture aliquots. Secondly, a data treatment approach was developed to process raw spectral data generated by aliquots analysis by optimizing the precursor isolation mass windows, the accurate mass tolerance, peak intensity thresholds and choice of database. The use of this new method with a post-data acquisition treatment approach completed by the exhaustive study of fragmentation spectra allowed the tentative identification of 11 transformation products related to the spiked compounds. Finally, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed that bacterial genera known for their ability to degrade the spiked micropollutants were present in the microbial community of the BIEX drinking water filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Solliec
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique School of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Audrey Roy-Lachapelle
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Veronika Storck
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique School of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katrina Callender
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- NSERC Industrial Chair on Drinking Water, Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnique School of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Evaluation of jelly fig polysaccharide as a shell composite ingredient of colon-specific drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Liu R, Liu D, Zhang J, Zang H, Gao Y. Development of a novel tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of eszopiclone without interference from 2-amino-5-chloropyridine and application in a pharmacokinetic study of rat. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Abutaleb NS, Seleem MN. Auranofin, at clinically achievable dose, protects mice and prevents recurrence from Clostridioides difficile infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7701. [PMID: 32382070 PMCID: PMC7206065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infections and a worldwide urgent public health threat. Without doubt, there is an urgent need for new effective anticlostridial agents due to the increasing incidence and severity of C. difficile infection (CDI). The aim of the present study is to investigate the in vivo efficacy of auranofin (rheumatoid arthritis FDA-approved drug) in a CDI mouse model and establish an adequate dosage for treatment. The effects of increased C. difficile inoculum, and pre-exposure to simulated gastric intestinal fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), on the antibacterial activity of auranofin were investigated. Auranofin's in vitro antibacterial activity was stable in the presence of high bacterial inoculum size compared to vancomycin and fidaxomicin. Moreover, it maintained its anti-C. difficile activity after being exposed to SGF and SIF. Upon testing in a CDI mouse model, auranofin at low clinically achievable doses (0.125 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg) significantly protected mice against CDI with 100% and 80% survival, respectively. Most importantly, auranofin (0.125 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg) significantly prevented CDI recurrence when compared with vancomycin. Collectively, these results indicate that auranofin could potentially provide an effective, safe and quick supplement to the current approaches for treating CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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10
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Photodegradation assessment of amisulpride, doxepin, haloperidol, risperidone, venlafaxine, and zopiclone in bulk drug and in the presence of excipients. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02570-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Photostability of amisulpride, doxepin, haloperidol, risperidone, venlafaxine, and zopiclone in APIs and powdered tablets during exposure to UVA irradiation was studied. In order to evaluate the photodegradation process an ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography method coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated. It was found that the photodegradation of the studied compounds depends on the type of drug and co-existing excipients. Different percentage of photodegradation of the studied drugs was observed, and therefore amisulpride decomposed at 2.63% in bulk drug and at 5.74% in pharmaceutical preparation, doxepin: 29% and 72.38%, haloperidol: 3.71% and 26.20%, risperidone: 7.13% and 12.86%, venlafaxine: 38.59% and 4.22%, zopiclone: 18.62% and 31.42% respectively, after 114 days of UVA irradiation. In addition, kinetic evaluation of the photodegradation process was performed by determining the order of reaction, reaction rate constant k and time t0.1 and t0.5. The photodegradation products of studied drugs were identified, and their fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. The photostability testing is an integral part of the drug stability assessment to ensure quality, efficacy and safety of the formulated products during manufacturing process, storage as well as normal use.
Graphic abstract
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11
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Sher M, Ahmad M, Hassan F, Naeem-ul-Hassan M, Hussain MA. Development and validation of an HPLC-UV method for accelerated stability study and pharmacokinetic analysis of venlafaxine. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000217728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Pagoni A, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Ciulla M, Turkez H, Mardinoglu A, Vassiliou S, Cacciatore I. Novel anti-Alzheimer phenol-lipoyl hybrids: Synthesis, physico-chemical characterization, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 186:111880. [PMID: 31753513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To date, drugs that hit a single target are inadequate for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases. The development of multitarget ligands, able to interact with the different pathways involved in the progession of these disorders, represents a great challenge for medicinal chemists. In this context, we report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of phenol-lipoyl hybrids (SV1-13), obtained via a linking strategy, to take advantage of the synergistic effect due to the antioxidant portions and anti-amyloid properties of the single constituents present in the hybrid molecule. Biological results showed that SV5 and SV10 possessed the best protective activity against Aβ1-42 induced neurotoxicity in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. SV9 and SV10 showed remarkable antioxidant properties due to their ability to counteract the damage caused by H2O2 in SHSY-5Y-treated cells. Hovewer, SV5, showing moderate antioxidant and good neuroprotective activities, resulted the best candidate for further experiments since it also resulted stable both simulated and plasma fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Pagoni
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Michele Ciulla
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-17121, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Stamatia Vassiliou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti Scalo, CH, Italy.
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13
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Marinelli L, Fornasari E, Eusepi P, Ciulla M, Genovese S, Epifano F, Fiorito S, Turkez H, Örtücü S, Mingoia M, Simoni S, Pugnaloni A, Di Stefano A, Cacciatore I. Carvacrol prodrugs as novel antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:515-529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Reddi SS, Singhvi G, Khosa A, Krishna KV, Saha RN. Determination of Venlafaxine in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method with UV Detector. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666171228162205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
A robust and validated analytical method is a key component at various stages
of pharmaceutical product development to ensure identity, purity and quality of drugs and formulations.
Objective:
The aim of proposed work was to develop and validate a simple, sensitive and stability indicating
high performance liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride
in bulk and formulations for routine analysis as well as for preformulation studies.
Methods:
Efficient chromatographic separation has been performed on a HpyercloneTM 5µm BDS C18
column using a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of phosphate buffer (25 mM, pH 3.0) and acetonitrile
(70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml min-1. Venlafaxine hydrochloride was analyzed using UV detector
at 225nm. Developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
Results:
The method has demonstrated linearity over the range of 100 to 2000 ng ml-1 with regression
equation, mean peak area (y) = 93.32 x concentration - 322.00 (R2 = 1). The method has demonstrated
good and consistent recovery (99.34 to 101.16%). Precision of the method reflected by the relative
standard deviation values at intra-day and inter-day levels was less than 1.79%. The detection and quantitation
limits were 6.55 ng ml-1 and 19.84 ng ml-1 respectively indicating sensitivity of the method. The
method was successfully applied for the estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride in marketed and inhouse
formulations. Also, developed method was successfully used in drug-excipients compatibility
studies for VEN.
Conclusion:
The method was found to be accurate, precise, sensitive and selective for the determination
venlafaxine hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish S. Reddi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Archana Khosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kowthavarapu V. Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ranendra N. Saha
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Cacciatore I, Fornasari E, Marinelli L, Eusepi P, Ciulla M, Ozdemir O, Tatar A, Turkez H, Di Stefano A. Memantine-derived drugs as potential antitumor agents for the treatment of glioblastoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 109:402-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Xiang D, Wang CG, Wang WQ, Shi CY, Xiong W, Wang MD, Fang JG. Gastrointestinal stability of dihydromyricetin, myricetin, and myricitrin: an in vitro investigation. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68:704-711. [PMID: 28114854 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1276518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) stability of three flavonoids, dihydromyricetin (DMY), myricetin (MYR), and myricitrin (MYT), was examined in simulated physiological fluids. Several factors that may influence the degradation rate of theses flavonoids were evaluated, including pH and the presence of pepsin and pancreatin enzymes. We found that GI stability followed the order of MYT > DMY > MYR. These flavonoids were stable in simulated gastric fluids and buffer solutions (pH 1.2), but encountered a pseudo-first-order kinetic degradation in simulated intestinal fluids and buffer solutions (pH 6.8). We conclude that it is the pH, rather than the presence of pepsin or pancreatin, which most strongly influences the stability of these three flavonoids. Further study of the stability of the compounds using a pH range (1.0-8.0) indicated potential instability in the duodenum, small intestine, and colon. Therefore, we conclude that the low bioavailability of these flavonoids may be due to their poor stability in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Chen-Guang Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wen-Qing Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Chun-Yang Shi
- a Department of Pharmacy , Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wei Xiong
- a Department of Pharmacy , Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Meng-Die Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jian-Guo Fang
- a Department of Pharmacy , Tongji Hospital Affiliated with Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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17
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Rodríguez G, Nargoli J, López A, Moyna G, Álvarez G, Fernández M, Osorio-Martínez CA, González M, Cerecetto H. Synthesis and in vivo proof of concept of a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe as a tracer for biodistribution studies of a new anti-Chagas agent. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27851e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A BODIPY-fluorophore based probe (1-BODIPY) for compound 1 was developed and investigated for its potential as in vivo tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Rodríguez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Química Biológica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
| | - Javier Nargoli
- Grupo de Química Medicinal
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Química Biológica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
| | - Andrés López
- Departamento de Química del Litoral
- Universidad de la República
- Paysandú 60000
- Uruguay
| | - Guillermo Moyna
- Departamento de Química del Litoral
- Universidad de la República
- Paysandú 60000
- Uruguay
| | - Guzmán Álvarez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Química Biológica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
| | - Marcelo Fernández
- Laboratorio de Experimentación Animal
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
- Uruguay
| | - Carlos A. Osorio-Martínez
- Grupo de Química Medicinal
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Química Biológica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
| | - Mercedes González
- Grupo de Química Medicinal
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Química Biológica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Grupo de Química Medicinal
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica
- Instituto de Química Biológica
- Facultad de Ciencias
- Universidad de la República
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18
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Akhlaghi H, Ghorbani M, Lahoori NA, Shams A, Seyedin O. Preconcentration and determination of naproxen in water samples by functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes hollow fiber solid phase microextraction—HPLC. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816070091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Fretz H, Valdenaire A, Pothier J, Hilpert K, Gnerre C, Peter O, Leroy X, Riederer MA. Identification of 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid (setipiprant/ACT-129968), a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonist. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4899-911. [PMID: 23721423 DOI: 10.1021/jm400122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery of the novel CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-(1-naphthoyl)-8-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid 28 (setipiprant/ACT-129968), a clinical development candidate for the treatment of asthma and seasonal allergic rhinitis. A lead optimization program was started based on the discovery of the recently disclosed CRTh2 antagonist 2-(2-benzoyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol-5(2H)-yl)acetic acid 5. An already favorable and druglike profile could be assessed for lead compound 5. Therefore, the lead optimization program mainly focused on the improvement in potency and oral bioavailability. Data of newly synthesized analogs were collected from in vitro pharmacological, physicochemical, in vitro ADME, and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in the rat and the dog. The data were then analyzed using a traffic light selection tool as a visualization device in order to evaluate and prioritize candidates displaying a balanced overall profile. This data-driven process and the excellent results of the PK study in the rat (F = 44%) and the dog (F = 55%) facilitated the identification of 28 as a potent (IC50 = 6 nM), selective, and orally available CRTh2 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Fretz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Gewerbestrasse 16, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland.
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Valdenaire A, Pothier J, Renneberg D, Riederer MA, Peter O, Leroy X, Gnerre C, Fretz H. Evolution of novel tricyclic CRTh2 receptor antagonists from a (E)-2-cyano-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)acrylamide scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:944-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Saka C, Şahin Ö. Determination of Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Material. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.645377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cafer Saka
- a School of Health, Sıırt University , Sıırt , Turkey
| | - Ömer Şahin
- b Faculty of Engineering and Architecture , Sıırt University , Sıırt , Turkey
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22
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Pothier J, Riederer MA, Peter O, Leroy X, Valdenaire A, Gnerre C, Fretz H. Novel 2-(2-(benzylthio)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)acetic acids: Discovery and hit-to-lead evolution of a selective CRTh2 receptor antagonist chemotype. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4660-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Galkina MA, Galkin OM, Kochetkov KA. Crystallization and quality examination of pharmaceutical substance venlafaxine. Pharm Chem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-012-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Pawar SM, Khatal LD, Gabhe SY, Dhaneshwar SR. LC-UV and LC-MS evaluation of stress degradation behavior of desvenlafaxine. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:264-271. [PMID: 29403752 PMCID: PMC5760900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of current study was to develop a validated specific stability indicating reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of desvenlafaxine in bulk sample and pharmaceutical dosage form in the presence of degradation products. Forced degradation studies were performed on bulk sample of desvenlafaxine as per ICH prescribed stress conditions using acid, base, oxidative and photolytic degradation to show the stability indicating power of the method. Significant degradation was observed under acidic stress condition and the degradation product formed was identified by LC–MS and a degradation pathway for drug has been proposed. Successful separation of drug from degradation products formed under stress conditions was achieved on a SymmetryShield column C18 (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm, i.d.) using the mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 0.2% (v/v) triethylamine in ammonium acetate (0.05 M; pH 6.5) and methanol using isocratic gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi M. Pawar
- Research and Development Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Laxman D. Khatal
- Bioanalytical Research Department, BioAnalytical Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Pune, Maharashtra 411030, India
| | - Satish Y. Gabhe
- Research and Development Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Sunil R. Dhaneshwar
- Research and Development Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +91 20 25437237, +91 20 25436898; fax: +91 20 25439383.
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25
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Tang J, Bian Z, Hu J, Xu S, Liu H. The effect of a P123 template in mesopores of mesocellular foam on the controlled-release of venlafaxine. Int J Pharm 2012; 424:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Pawar SM, Dhaneshwar SR. APPLICATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HIGH PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR QUANTITATION OF DESVENLAFAXINE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.601500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi M. Pawar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Sunil R. Dhaneshwar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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27
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Al Lawati HAJ, Varma GB, Suliman FEO. High-throughput method for the analysis of venlafaxine in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids, using a tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)-peroxydisulphate chemiluminescence system in a two-chip device. LUMINESCENCE 2012; 28:44-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gouri B. Varma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Sultan Qaboos University; Al-Khod; Oman
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28
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Chhalotiya UK, Patel HB, Bhatt KK. Development and validation of an ultra performance liquid chromatography method for venlafaxine hydrochloride in bulk and capsule dosage form. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 72:814-8. [PMID: 21969762 PMCID: PMC3178991 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.84605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, specific, accurate, and precise ultra performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride in tablet dosage forms. A acquity TM BEH column having C18, 100×2.1 mm i.d. in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing dipotassium hydrogen phosphate: Acetonitrile (30:70 v/v; pH 7.00 with dilute o-phosphoric acid) was used. The flow rate was 0.75 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 227 nm. The retention time of venlafaxine hydrochloride was 0.548 min. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, limit of detection, robustness and solution stability. Limit of detection and limit of quantification for estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride were found to be 6.11 μg/ml and 20.33 μg/ml, respectively. Recoveries of venlafaxine hydrochloride in tablet formulations were found to be in the range of 99.3-99.5%. Proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride in tablet dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Chhalotiya
- Indukaka Ipcowala College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box No.53, P.O.Vithal Udhyog Nagar, New Vallabh, Vidyanagar - 388 121, India
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29
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Poly(lactic acid)-coated mesoporous silica nanosphere for controlled release of venlafaxine. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 360:488-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Shirvi V, Channabasavaraj K, Kumar G, Mani T. HPTLC analysis of venlafaxine hydrochloride in the bulk drug and tablets. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.23.2010.5.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Kaur J, Srinivasan KK, Joseph A, Gupta A, Singh Y, Srinivas KS, Jain G. Development and validation of stability indicating method for the quantitative determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride in extended release formulation using high performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2010; 2:22-6. [PMID: 21814426 PMCID: PMC3146087 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.62701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Venlafaxine,hydrochloride is a structurally novel phenethyl bicyclic antidepressant, and is usually categorized as a serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) but it has been referred to as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor. It inhibits the reuptake of dopamine. Venlafaxine HCL is widely prescribed in the form of sustained release formulations. In the current article we are reporting the development and validation of a fast and simple stability indicating, isocratic high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride in sustained release formulations. Materials and Methods: The quantitative determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride was performed on a Kromasil C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size) with 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 4.5): methanol (40: 60) as a mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. For HPLC methods, UV detection was made at 225 nm. Results: During method validation, parameters such as precision, linearity, accuracy, stability, limit of quantification and detection and specificity were evaluated, which remained within acceptable limits. Conclusions: The method has been successfully applied for the quantification and dissolution profiling of Venlafaxine HCL in sustained release formulation. The method presents a simple and reliable solution for the routine quantitative analysis of Venlafaxine HCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal 576 104, India
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32
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Butzbach DM. The influence of putrefaction and sample storage on post-mortem toxicology results. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2009; 6:35-45. [PMID: 19946767 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-009-9130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous biochemical and biological processes that occur after death that may have a significant influence on post-mortem drug concentrations. These processes may render the quantification of particular drugs unreliable, or even result in drugs being undetectable in some instances, despite the use of several methods. Problems may occur with changes in the drug concentration via bacterial degradation, residual tissue enzymatic activity, or via post-mortem redistribution from tissues of a higher to a lower concentration. Many analytical techniques can suffer from interferences due to co-extracted putrefactive compounds that mask or alter the way a drug is detected, depending on the analytical technique utilised. The following paper reviews problems associated with post-mortem drug concentration changes, and the significance of microbial influences during the post-mortem interval and sample storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Butzbach
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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Baldania SL, Bhatt KK, Mehta RS, Shah DA, Gandhi TR. RP-HPLC Estimation of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Forms. Indian J Pharm Sci 2008; 70:124-8. [PMID: 20390099 PMCID: PMC2852052 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.40350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, specific, accurate, and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated for the estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride in tablet dosage forms. A Phenomenex Gemini C-18, 5 mum column having 250 x 4.6 mm i.d. in isocratic mode, with mobile phase containing methanol: 0.05 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (70:30, v/v; pH 6.2) was used. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and effluents were monitored at 226 nm. Carbamazepine was used as an internal standard. The retention time of venlafaxine hydrochloride and carbamazepine were 3.7 min and 5.3 min, respectively. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, limit of detection, robustness and solution stability. Limit of detection and limit of quantification for estimation of venlafaxine hydrochloride were found to be 100 ng/ml and 300 ng/ml, respectively. Recoveries of venlafaxine hydrochloride in tablet formulations were found to be in the range of 99.02-101.68%. Proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of venlafaxine hydrochloride in tablet dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Baldania
- Anand Pharmacy College, Opp. Town Hall, Anand - 388 001
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