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Wilson ID, Rainville PD, Gethings LA, Hancock P, Trengove R, Plumb RS. Microbore-based vacuum jacketed liquid chromatography for fast, efficient and sustainable high throughput bioanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1734:465292. [PMID: 39208477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Extra-column band broadening can significantly reduce the performance of rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS-based methods (UHPLC-MS). However, as we show here, UHPLC-MS/MS methods on short 2.1 mm i.d. columns can be optimized to reduce band broadening by simple procedures such as dispensing with the solvent divert valves placed between the column and the MS source. Vacuum jacketed columns have previously been shown to provide superior performance to conventional UHPLC-MS/MS by reducing on and post column band broadening. Here we have compared the optimized "direct" UHPLC approach for the high throughput (HT) bioanalysis of drugs and metabolites in biofluids such as urine and blood plasma with vacuum jacketed chromatography (VJC), using columns of the same geometry and packed with the same stationary phases. This study demonstrates that the performance of VJC was still superior to the direct UHPLC-MS/MS methods for rapid "generic" bioanalysis using gradient times of 0.25 to 5 min. Further investigations using microbore VJC-MS/MS, with 1 mm i.d. columns, for bioanalysis of the same biofluid samples showed that this format offers great promise for HT "discovery" drug and metabolite analysis/profiling. In addition the reduction of solvent use, by up to 90 % for methods when using microbore columns, can significantly contribute to improved sustainability and reducing costs per analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Wilson
- Computational & Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | | | | | - Peter Hancock
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Ave, Wilmslow, SK9 4AX, UK
| | - Robert Trengove
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Attwa MW, Abdelhameed AS, Kadi AA. Characterization of the in vitro metabolic profile of nazartinib in HLMs using UPLC-MS/MS method: In silico metabolic lability and DEREK structural alerts screening using StarDrop software. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34109. [PMID: 39091946 PMCID: PMC11292529 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The orally given, irreversible, third-generation inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), known as Nazartinib (EGF816), is now undergoing investigation in Phase II clinical trials conducted by Novartis for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. The primary aim of the current research was to establish a rapid, specific, environmentally friendly, and highly versatile UPLC-MS/MS methodology for the determination of nazartinib (NZT) levels in human liver microsomes (HLMs). Subsequently, same approach was used to examine the metabolic stability of NZT. The UPLC-MS/MS method employed in HLMs was validated as stated in the bioanalytical method validation criteria outlined by the US- FDA. The evaluation of the metabolic stability of NZT and the identification of potentially structural alarms were performed using the StarDrop software package that includes the P450 and DEREK software. The calibration curve for NZT showed a linearity in the range from 1 to 3000 ng/mL. The inter-day accuracy and precision exhibited a range of values between -4.33 % and 4.43 %, whereas the intra-day accuracy and precision shown a range of values between -2.78 % and 7.10 %. The sensitivity of the developed approach was verified through the determination of a LLOQ of 0.39 ng/mL. The intrinsic clearance and in vitro half-life of NZT were assessed to be 46.48 mL/min/kg and 17.44 min, respectively. In our preceding inquiry, we have effectively discerned the bioactivation center, denoted by the carbon atom between the unsaturated conjugated system and aliphatic linear tertiary amine. In the context of computational software, making minor adjustments or substituting the dimethylamino-butenoyl moiety throughout the drug design process may increase the metabolic stability and safety properties of new synthesized derivatives. The efficiency of utilizing different in silico software approaches to conserve resources and reduce effort was proved by the outcomes attained from in vitro incubation experiments and the use of NZT in silico software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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More D, Khan N, Tekade RK, Sengupta P. An Update on Current Trend in Sample Preparation Automation in Bioanalysis: strategies, Challenges and Future Direction. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38949910 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2362707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Automation in sample preparation improves accuracy, productivity, and precision in bioanalysis. Moreover, it reduces resource consumption for repetitive procedures. Automated sample analysis allows uninterrupted handling of large volumes of biological samples originating from preclinical and clinical studies. Automation significantly helps in management of complex testing methods where generation of large volumes of data is required for process monitoring. Compared to traditional sample preparation processes, automated procedures reduce associated expenses and manual error, facilitate laboratory transfers, enhance data quality, and better protect the health of analysts. Automated sample preparation techniques based on robotics potentially increase the throughput of bioanalytical laboratories. Robotic liquid handler, an automated sample preparation system built on a robotic technique ensures optimal laboratory output while saving expensive solvents, manpower, and time. Nowadays, most of the traditional extraction processes are being automated using several formats of online techniques. This review covered most of the automated sample preparation techniques reported till date, which accelerated and simplified the sample preparation procedure for bioanalytical sample analysis. This article critically analyzed different developmental aspects of automated sample preparation techniques based on robotics as well as conventional sample preparation methods that are accelerated using automated technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar More
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Nasir Khan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
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Liu C, Zhang H. Data processing for high-throughput mass spectrometry in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:815-825. [PMID: 38785418 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2354871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-throughput mass spectrometry that could deliver > 10 times faster sample readout speed than traditional LC-based platforms has emerged as a powerful analytical technique, enabling the rapid analysis of complex biological samples. This increased speed of MS data acquisition has brought a critical demand for automatic data processing capabilities that should match or surpass the speed of data acquisition. Those data processing capabilities should serve the different requirements of drug discovery workflows. AREAS COVERED This paper introduced the key steps of the automatic data processing workflows for high-throughput MS technologies. Specific examples and requirements are detailed for different drug discovery applications. EXPERT OPINION The demand for automatic data processing in high-throughput mass spectrometry is driven by the need to keep pace with the accelerated speed of data acquisition. The seamless integration of processing capabilities with LIMS, efficient data review mechanisms, and the exploration of future features such as real-time feedback, automatic method optimization, and AI model training is crucial for advancing the drug discovery field. As technology continues to evolve, the synergy between high-throughput mass spectrometry and intelligent data processing will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in shaping the future of high-throughput drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Iambic Therapeutics, San Diego, CA, USA
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Ovbude ST, Sharmeen S, Kyei I, Olupathage H, Jones J, Bell RJ, Powers R, Hage DS. Applications of chromatographic methods in metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1239:124124. [PMID: 38640794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Chromatography is a robust and reliable separation method that can use various stationary phases to separate complex mixtures commonly seen in metabolomics. This review examines the types of chromatography and stationary phases that have been used in targeted or untargeted metabolomics with methods such as mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. General considerations for sample pretreatment and separations in metabolomics are considered, along with the various supports and separation formats for chromatography that have been used in such work. The types of liquid chromatography (LC) that have been most extensively used in metabolomics will be examined, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography. In addition, other forms of LC that have been used in more limited applications for metabolomics (e.g., ion-exchange, size-exclusion, and affinity methods) will be discussed to illustrate how these techniques may be utilized for new and future research in this field. Multidimensional LC methods are also discussed, as well as the use of gas chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography in metabolomics. In addition, the roles of chromatography in NMR- vs. MS-based metabolomics are considered. Applications are given within the field of metabolomics for each type of chromatography, along with potential advantages or limitations of these separation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan T Ovbude
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Sadia Sharmeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Isaac Kyei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Harshana Olupathage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Jacob Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Richard J Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA; Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
| | - David S Hage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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Bahmany S, Hassanzai M, Flint RB, van Onzenoort HAW, de Winter BCM, Koch BCP. Dried blood spot analysis for the quantification of vancomycin and creatinine using liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry: Method development and validation. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 553:117689. [PMID: 38052384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vancomycin is a widely used antibiotic for the treatment of gram-positive bacterial infections, especially for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Due to a small therapeutic range and large inter-patient variability, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of vancomycin is required to minimize toxicity and maximize treatment efficacy. Venous blood sampling is mostly applied for TDM of vancomycin, although this widely used sampling method is more invasive compared to less painful alternatives, such as the dried blood spot (DBS) method, which can be performed at home. METHOD We developed an UPLC-MS/MS method for the quantification of vancomycin and creatinine in DBS. A fast sample preparation and short analysis run time of 5.2 min were applied, which makes this method highly suitable for clinical settings. Validation was performed according to international (FDA and EMA) guidelines. RESULTS The validated concentration range was found linear for creatinine from 41.8 µmol/L to 722 µmol/L and for vancomycin from 3.8 mg/L to 76.6 mg/L (r2 > 0.990) and the inaccuracies, imprecisions, hematocrit effects, and recoveries were < 15 % for both compounds. No significant carryover effect was observed. CONCLUSION Hence, we successfully validated a quantification method for the simultaneous determination of creatinine and vancomycin in DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Bahmany
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Moska Hassanzai
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert B Flint
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hein A W van Onzenoort
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Brenda C M de Winter
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; CATOR: Center for Antimicrobial Treatment Optimization Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit C P Koch
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; CATOR: Center for Antimicrobial Treatment Optimization Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Millán-Santiago J, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Nylon 6-cellulose composite hosted in a hypodermic needle: Biofluid extraction and analysis by ambient mass spectrometry in a single device. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1346-1352. [PMID: 38174121 PMCID: PMC10759252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study proposes a hypodermic needle (HN) as a sorbent holder and an electrospray (ESI) emitter, thus combining extraction and analysis in a single device. A novel nylon 6-cellulose (N6-Cel) composite sorbent is proposed to extract methadone from oral fluid samples. The cellulosic substrate provides the composite with high porosity, permitting the flow-through of the sample, while the polyamide contributes to the extraction of the analyte. The low price of the devices (considering the holder and the sorbent) contributes to the affordability of the method, and their small size allows easy transportation, opening the door to on-site extractions. Under the optimum conditions, the analyte can be determined by high-resolution ambient ionization mass spectrometry at a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.3 μg/L and precision (expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD) better than 9.3%. The trueness, expressed as relative recovery (RR), ranged from 90% to 109%. As high-resolution mass spectrometers are not available in many laboratories, the method was also adapted to low-resolution spectrometers. In this sense, the direct infusion of the eluates in a triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry provided an LOD of 2.2 μg/L. The RSD was better than 5.3%, and the RR ranged from 96% to 121%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Millán-Santiago
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), University of Cordoba, E-14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Lucena
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), University of Cordoba, E-14071, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Affordable and Sustainable Sample Preparation (AS2P) Research Group, Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Institute for Energy and Environment (IQUEMA), University of Cordoba, E-14071, Cordoba, Spain
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Bertić M, Zimmer I, Andrés-Montaner D, Rosenkranz M, Kangasjärvi J, Schnitzler JP, Ghirardo A. Automatization of metabolite extraction for high-throughput metabolomics: case study on transgenic isoprene-emitting birch. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1855-1869. [PMID: 37418159 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics studies are becoming increasingly common for understanding how plant metabolism responds to changes in environmental conditions, genetic manipulations and treatments. Despite the recent advances in metabolomics workflow, the sample preparation process still limits the high-throughput analysis in large-scale studies. Here, we present a highly flexible robotic system that integrates liquid handling, sonication, centrifugation, solvent evaporation and sample transfer processed in 96-well plates to automatize the metabolite extraction from leaf samples. We transferred an established manual extraction protocol performed to a robotic system, and with this, we show the optimization steps required to improve reproducibility and obtain comparable results in terms of extraction efficiency and accuracy. We then tested the robotic system to analyze the metabolomes of wild-type and four transgenic silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) lines under unstressed conditions. Birch trees were engineered to overexpress the poplar (Populus × canescens) isoprene synthase and to emit various amounts of isoprene. By fitting the different isoprene emission capacities of the transgenic trees with their leaf metabolomes, we observed an isoprene-dependent upregulation of some flavonoids and other secondary metabolites as well as carbohydrates, amino acid and lipid metabolites. By contrast, the disaccharide sucrose was found to be strongly negatively correlated to isoprene emission. The presented study illustrates the power of integrating robotics to increase the sample throughput, reduce human errors and labor time, and to ensure a fully controlled, monitored and standardized sample preparation procedure. Due to its modular and flexible structure, the robotic system can be easily adapted to other extraction protocols for the analysis of various tissues or plant species to achieve high-throughput metabolomics in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Bertić
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Ina Zimmer
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - David Andrés-Montaner
- Atmospheric Environmental Research, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
- Corteva Agriscience Spain S.L.U, Carreño, Spain
| | - Maaria Rosenkranz
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Ecology and Conservation Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg 93053, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation (EUS), Environmental Health Center (EHC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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Nazim T, Lusina A, Cegłowski M. Recent Developments in the Detection of Organic Contaminants Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Combined with Various Analytical Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3868. [PMID: 37835917 PMCID: PMC10574876 DOI: 10.3390/polym15193868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) encompass a diverse array of polymeric matrices that exhibit the unique capacity to selectively identify a designated template molecule through specific chemical moieties. Thanks to their pivotal attributes, including exceptional selectivity, extended shelf stability, and other distinct characteristics, this class of compounds has garnered interest in the development of highly responsive sensor systems. As a result, the incorporation of MIPs in crafting distinctive sensors and analytical procedures tailored for specific analytes across various domains has increasingly become a common practice within contemporary analytical chemistry. Furthermore, the range of polymers amenable to MIP formulation significantly influences the potential utilization of both conventional and innovative analytical methodologies. This versatility expands the array of possibilities in which MIP-based sensing can be employed in recognition systems. The following review summarizes the notable progress achieved within the preceding seven-year period in employing MIP-based sensing techniques for analyte determination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michał Cegłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (T.N.); (A.L.)
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Nagayasu M, Takano Y, Ozeki K. Development of a New Method to Evaluate the Biodistribution of Antibodies Using Non-Radioactive Metal Labeling and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1807-1819. [PMID: 37266817 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of radiolabeled compounds is associated with a number of limitations. Therefore, a new method for the radioisotope-free evaluation of antibody distribution using metal labeling and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed herein. METHODS Indium-labeled monoclonal antibodies were administrated intravenously to tumor-bearing mice and cynomolgus monkeys, and antibody concentrations in plasma and tissues were measured by ICP-MS. The results were compared with those obtained using a ligand binding assay (LBA) and radioisotope-labeled antibody administration. Indium-, terbium-, holmium-, and yttrium-labeled cetuximab were co-administered to one C57BL/6 J mouse for simultaneous PK and tissue distribution evaluations. RESULTS The administration of a radioactive or non-radioactive indium-labeled anti-human interleukin-6 receptor (hIL-6R) antibody to tumor-bearing hIL-6R transgenic mice resulted in similar plasma antibody concentration-time profiles by ICP-MS, a ligand binding assay (LBA), and gamma-ray detector. Liver, kidney, brain, spleen, and tumor concentrations of antibodies measured by ICP-MS were similar to those after the administration of radiolabeled anti-hIL-6R antibodies. Following the administration of indium-labeled cetuximab to cynomolgus monkeys, plasma antibody concentrations measured by ICP-MS were similar to those measured by LBA, and antibody concentrations in organs were evaluable by ICP-MS. The PK of all metals were similar to antibody PK evaluated by LBA, and concentrations in each tissue were equivalent among metals. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of antibody distribution using ICP-MS is a novel alternative to the traditional radiolabeled approach. It facilitates the assessment of antibody distribution in the early stages of drug discovery and accelerates the assessment of target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Nagayasu
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Yoko Takano
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Ozeki
- Translational Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 216 Totsuka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, 244-8602, Japan.
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11
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Li P, Chen CZ, Zhao XL, Liu L, Li ZH. Metagenomics analysis reveals the effects of norfloxacin on the gut microbiota of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138389. [PMID: 36921777 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin (NOR) is an early third-generation quinolone antibiotic that has been widely used in animal husbandry and aquaculture because of its bactericidal properties. As an emerging contaminant, NOR may have toxic effects on fish. This study assessed the chronic toxicity (6 weeks) of 0 (control group), 100 ng/L (environmental concentration), and 1 mg/L NOR to the gut microbiota of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on metagenomic sequencing. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the gut of common carp. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was highest in the control group. The alpha diversity of the environmental concentration NOR was significantly lower than the control group. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicated that the bacterial community between the different groups formed clear separate clusters. NOR exposure adversely could affect immune function and some substance metabolic pathways in the gut microbiota of common carp. Furthermore, environmental concentrations of NOR produce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiota, enhancing resistance to drugs. In conclusion, environmental concentrations of NOR could alter the composition, structure, and abundance of ARGs in the gut microbiota, thereby affecting the intestinal health of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Cheng-Zhuang Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong, 264209, China.
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Wu J, Li Z, Chen B. Simultaneous measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:2006-2015. [PMID: 37057591 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay02009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and accurate ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots and to achieve the highly traceable analysis of steroid hormones in dried blood samples. In this method, a BEH C8 column and UPLC-MS/MS were used for the separation of the steroid hormones. The extraction process was simple and accurate. The distribution ranges of 19 steroid hormones in four healthy individuals (2 males and 2 females) were determined simultaneously by positive ionization mode (ESI+) and negative ionization mode (ESI-) analysis, which were recorded by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The linearity of the standard curves of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots was good, and the linear correlation coefficients R2 were all ≥0.997. Meanwhile, the matrix effect of the method ranged from 87.1% to 131.3%. Across the analytical range, the inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) was <12.07% and the intra-assay CV was <18.16%. The spiked recovery was >67.33%. The distribution ranges of 19 steroid hormones in four healthy individuals were in agreement with those in previous reports. A UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous measurement of 19 steroid hormones in dried blood spots was developed to achieve traceable analysis of steroid hormones in dried blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zenghe Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Baorong Chen
- Laboratory Diagnosis Department, Beijing Kingmed Diagnostics, Beijing 100103, China.
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13
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Rodrigues AR, Rodrigues CR, Gomes SA, Marques SM, Naves LM, Pedrino GR, de Oliveira-Neto JR, de Carvalho FS, Cruz A, Lião LM, Menegatti R, Carlos da Cunha L. Preclinical pharmacokinetics of a promising antineoplastic prototype piperazine-containing compound (LQFM018) in rats by a new LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123710. [PMID: 37068313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
LQFM018 is a novel antineoplastic prototype, showing an expressive drug-triggered K562 leukemic cells death mechanism, through necroptotic signaling. Due to its promising effect, this study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LQFM018 in rats, using a new validated bioanalytical LC-MS/MS-based method. Chromatographic column was an ACE® C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) eluted by a mobile phase composed of ammonium acetate 2 mM and formic acid 0.025%:methanol (50:50, v/v), under flow of 1.2 mL/min and injection volume of 3.0 µL. LQFM018 was extracted from rat plasma by a simple liquid-liquid method, using MTBE solvent. Rats were administered intraperitoneally at LQFM018 100 mg/kg dose and blood samples were collect at times of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 h. Bioanalytical-LC-MS/MS-based method was rapid, high throughput and sensitive with a good linearity ranging from 10 (LLOQ) to 15000 ng/mL, besides precise and accurate, ranging of 0.8-7.3% and 96.8-107.6%, respectively. The prototype LQFM018 was rapid and well absorbed, and highly distributed, apparently due to its high lipid solubility. These features are primordial for an anticancer agent in the treatment of deep tumors, such as bone marrow neoplasms, in which the drug might permeate easily tissue barriers. Also, LQFM018 has demonstrated a high clearance, according to a low t1/2in rats, indicating a relative fast elimination phase related to a possible intense hepatic biotransformation. These information support further studies to establish new understands on pharmacokinetics of promising antineoplastic prototype LQFM018 from preclinical and clinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andryne R Rodrigues
- Center of Studies and Research Toxic-Pharmacological, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Caroline R Rodrigues
- Center of Studies and Research Toxic-Pharmacological, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Sandro A Gomes
- Center of Studies and Research Toxic-Pharmacological, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Stefanne M Marques
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Lara M Naves
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Pedrino
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Jerônimo R de Oliveira-Neto
- Center of Studies and Research Toxic-Pharmacological, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Flávio S de Carvalho
- Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Cruz
- Center of Studies and Research Toxic-Pharmacological, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil.
| | - Luciano M Lião
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Menegatti
- Medicinal Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goias, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos da Cunha
- Center of Studies and Research Toxic-Pharmacological, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
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14
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Development of a Rapid LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Donepezil and Tadalafil in Rat Plasma: Its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Interaction Study after Oral Administration in Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052352. [PMID: 36903595 PMCID: PMC10005750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a simple and sensitive analytical method to simultaneously quantify donepezil (DPZ) and tadalafil (TAD) in rat plasma using lansoprazole (LPZ) as an internal standard (IS) by using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The fragmentation pattern of DPZ, TAD, and IS was elucidated using multiple reaction monitoring in electrospray ionization positive ion mode for the quantification of precursor to production at m/z 380.1 → 91.2 for DPZ, m/z 390.2 → 268.1 for TAD, and m/z 370.3 → 252.0 for LPZ. The extracted DPZ and TAD from plasma using acetonitrile-induced protein precipitation was separated using Kinetex C18 (100 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 µm) column with a gradient mobile phase system consisting of 2 mM ammonium acetate and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min for 4 min. The selectivity, lower limit of quantification, linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, recovery, and matrix effect of this developed method was validated according to the guidelines of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety of Korea. The established method achieved acceptance criteria in all validation parameters, ensuring reliability, reproducibility, and accuracy, and was successfully implemented in a pharmacokinetic study on the co-administration of DPZ and TAD orally in rats.
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15
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Guo X, Zhang L, Xiao K. Effect of Kisspeptin-Type Neuropeptide on Locomotor Behavior and Muscle Physiology in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040705. [PMID: 36830492 PMCID: PMC9951865 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptins are neuropeptides encoded by the kiss1 gene, and little is known about them outside the vertebrate lineage. Two kisspeptin-type neuropeptides (KPs) have been discovered in Apostichopus japonicus (AjK1 and AjK2), an edible sea cucumber, and have been linked to reproductive and metabolic regulation. In this study, we evaluated how KPs affected locomotor behavior in one control group and two treatment groups (AjK1 and AjK2). We discovered that AjK1 had a significant dose effect, primarily by shortening the stride length and duration of movement to reduce the sea cucumber movement distance, whereas AjK2 had little inhibitory effect at the same dose. The levels of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), uridine, glycine, and L-serine in the longitudinal muscle of A. japonicus treated with AjK1 differed significantly from those of the control, which may explain the observed changes in locomotor behavior. Treatment with AjK2 induced changes in aspartate levels. Our results imply that AjK1 is more likely than AjK2 to have a role in the regulation of A. japonicus locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Kang Xiao
- Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station, College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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16
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Perspectives on a flexible strategy for the management of nonregulated bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2023; 15:103-107. [PMID: 36756901 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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17
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Benkeblia N. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics platforms: Tools for plant oligosaccharides analysis. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2023.100304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
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18
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He Y, Miggiels P, Drouin N, Lindenburg PW, Wouters B, Hankemeier T. An automated online three-phase electro-extraction setup with machine-vision process monitoring hyphenated to LC-MS analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1235:340521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Magaud P, Liu Y, Zeng F, Yang J, Baldas L, Song Y. Nanocatalysis meets microfluidics: A powerful platform for sensitive bioanalysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Tammiku-Taul J, Burk P. Nonempirical Prediction of the Relative Electrospray Ionization Efficiencies of Nitroanilines by Combined CBS-QB3 and SCC-DFTB Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8939-8944. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Tammiku-Taul
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Peeter Burk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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21
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Current analytical methods to monitor type 2 diabetes medication in biological samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Determination of eight phosphatidylethanol homologues in blood by reversed phase liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry – How to avoid co-elution of phosphatidylethanols and unwanted phospholipids. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1684:463566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Amin R, Alam F, Dey BK, Mandhadi JR, Bin Emran T, Khandaker MU, Safi SZ. Multidimensional Chromatography and Its Applications in Food Products, Biological Samples and Toxin Products: A Comprehensive Review. SEPARATIONS 2022; 9:326. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food, drugs, dyes, extracts, and minerals are all made up of complex elements, and utilizing unidimensional chromatography to separate them is inefficient and insensitive. This has sparked the invention of several linked chromatography methods, each of them with distinct separation principles and affinity for the analyte of interest. Multidimensional chromatography consists of the combination of multiple chromatography techniques, with great benefits at the level of efficiency, peak capacity, precision, and accuracy of the analysis, while reducing the time required for the analysis. Various coupled chromatography techniques have recently emerged, including liquid chromatography–gas chromatography (LC–GC), gas chromatography–gas chromatography (GC–GC), liquid chromatography–liquid chromatography (LC–LC), GCMS–MS, LCMS–MS, supercritical fluid techniques with chromatography techniques, and electro-driven multidimensional separation techniques. In this paper, the different coupled chromatography techniques will be discussed, along with their wide spectrum of applications for food, flavor, and environmental analysis, as well as their usefulness for the pharmaceutical, color, and dyes industries.
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24
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Green Extraction Processes for Complex Samples from Vegetable Matrices Coupled with On-Line Detection System: A Critical Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196272. [PMID: 36234823 PMCID: PMC9571248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of analytes in complex organic matrices requires a series of analytical steps to obtain a reliable analysis. Sample preparation can be the most time-consuming, prolonged, and error-prone step, reducing the reliability of the investigation. This review aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of extracting bioactive compounds, sample preparation techniques, automation, and coupling with on-line detection. This review also evaluates all publications on this topic through a longitudinal bibliometric analysis, applying statistical and mathematical methods to analyze the trends, perspectives, and hot topics of this research area. Furthermore, state-of-the-art green extraction techniques for complex samples from vegetable matrices coupled with analysis systems are presented. Among the extraction techniques for liquid samples, solid-phase extraction was the most common for combined systems in the scientific literature. In contrast, for on-line extraction systems applied for solid samples, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and pressurized liquid extraction were the most frequent green extraction techniques.
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25
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Wang Z, Cryar A, Lemke O, Tober-Lau P, Ludwig D, Helbig ET, Hippenstiel S, Sander LE, Blake D, Lane CS, Sayers RL, Mueller C, Zeiser J, Townsend S, Demichev V, Mülleder M, Kurth F, Sirka E, Hartl J, Ralser M. A multiplex protein panel assay for severity prediction and outcome prognosis in patients with COVID-19: An observational multi-cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 49:101495. [PMID: 35702332 PMCID: PMC9181834 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global healthcare systems continue to be challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic, and there is a need for clinical assays that can help optimise resource allocation, support treatment decisions, and accelerate the development and evaluation of new therapies. Methods We developed a multiplexed proteomics assay for determining disease severity and prognosis in COVID-19. The assay quantifies up to 50 peptides, derived from 30 known and newly introduced COVID-19-related protein markers, in a single measurement using routine-lab compatible analytical flow rate liquid chromatography and multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MRM). We conducted two observational studies in patients with COVID-19 hospitalised at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany before (from March 1 to 26, 2020, n=30) and after (from April 4 to November 19, 2020, n=164) dexamethasone became standard of care. The study is registered in the German and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry (DRKS00021688). Findings The assay produces reproducible (median inter-batch CV of 10.9%) absolute quantification of 47 peptides with high sensitivity (median LLOQ of 143 ng/ml) and accuracy (median 96.8%). In both studies, the assay reproducibly captured hallmarks of COVID-19 infection and severity, as it distinguished healthy individuals, mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. In the post-dexamethasone cohort, the assay predicted survival with an accuracy of 0.83 (108/130), and death with an accuracy of 0.76 (26/34) in the median 2.5 weeks before the outcome, thereby outperforming compound clinical risk assessments such as SOFA, APACHE II, and ABCS scores. Interpretation Disease severity and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 can be stratified and predicted by the routine-applicable panel assay that combines known and novel COVID-19 biomarkers. The prognostic value of this assay should be prospectively assessed in larger patient cohorts for future support of clinical decisions, including evaluation of sample flow in routine setting. The possibility to objectively classify COVID-19 severity can be helpful for monitoring of novel therapies, especially in early clinical trials. Funding This research was funded in part by the European Research Council (ERC) under grant agreement ERC-SyG-2020 951475 (to M.R) and by the Wellcome Trust (IA 200829/Z/16/Z to M.R.). The work was further supported by the Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) as part of the National Research Node 'Mass Spectrometry in Systems Medicine (MSCoresys)', under grant agreements 031L0220 and 161L0221. J.H. was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) Postdoc Mobility fellowship (project number 191052). This study was further supported by the BMBF grant NaFoUniMedCOVID-19 - NUM-NAPKON, FKZ: 01KX2021. The study was co-funded by the UK's innovation agency, Innovate UK, under project numbers 75594 and 56328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Adam Cryar
- Inoviv, Mappin House, 4 Winsley St, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Lemke
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pinkus Tober-Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Ludwig
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Theresa Helbig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Christoph Mueller
- Agilent Technologies Sales & Services GmbH & Co. KG, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiser
- Agilent Technologies Sales & Services GmbH & Co. KG, Waldbronn, Germany
| | - StJohn Townsend
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Demichev
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Mülleder
- Core Facility – High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, and Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ernestas Sirka
- Inoviv, Mappin House, 4 Winsley St, London, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Hartl
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Am Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
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26
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Tang L, Swezey RR, Green CE, Lee MS, Bunin DI, Parman T. A tandem liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/MS) technique to separate and quantify steroid isomers 11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone and testosterone. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1193:123165. [PMID: 35158319 PMCID: PMC9360186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a mainstay analytical technique in pharmaceutical research and development and clinical diagnosis due to several advantages including excellent selectivity, specificity, and high sensitivity. LC-MS/MS has become the method of choice for steroids analysis due to its fast analytical time and improved specificity yet has a challenge in the separation and measurement of isomers with the same product ions. Here we describe a high-sensitivity LC/LC-MS/MS method that combines chiral chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography (LC/LC) along with MS/MS to rapidly separate and quantify steroid isomers of 11ß-methyl-19-nortestosterone (11ß-MNT) and endogenous testosterone in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min S Lee
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Li W, Lu HT, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Stevens GW, Mumford KA. A solvent loss study for the application of solvent extraction processes in the pharmaceutical industry. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Development of a fast, online three-phase electroextraction hyphenated to fast liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for analysis of trace-level acid pharmaceuticals in plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Dual-function monolithic enzyme reactor based on dopamine/graphene oxide coating for simultaneous protein enzymatic hydrolysis and glycopeptide enrichment. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1666:462848. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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He M, Wang X, Bian Y, Yang M, Deng Y, Liu T, Li Y, Chen F, Xu B, Xu M, Zhang F. Modeling the distribution of malachite green in zebrafish using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7021-7030. [PMID: 34642779 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03664-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial distribution of bioactive small molecules is indispensable for elucidating their biological or pharmaceutical roles. Here, a rapid and effective analysis strategy was introduced to study the distribution of veterinary drugs in aquatic products. Malachite green (MG), one of the most widely used veterinary drugs in aquaculture, was selected as the targeted compound. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model organism. After an exposure test, the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) technique was applied to directly analyze the content changes of malachite green in zebrafish tissues. The reliable relationship of exposure time and content change of MG was described precisely by the extended Freundlich equation. The process of modeling was discussed in detail, and some important parameters or trend information was obtained, including the maximum content of MG in different fish tissues, time to maximum content, elimination time, equilibrium content, and so on. With a simplification of sample pretreatment, this research strategy can be used for monitoring the spatial distribution of veterinary drugs and related metabolites of laboratory-exposed fish. The obtained model can provide a perspective for rational drug use in aquaculture and precise drug residue detection in production activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyi He
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yu Bian
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
- College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Minli Yang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yamei Deng
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
- College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yinlong Li
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Fengming Chen
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Bozhou Xu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Meixia Xu
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Thakur A, Tan Z, Kameyama T, El-Khateeb E, Nagpal S, Malone S, Jamwal R, Nwabufo CK. Bioanalytical strategies in drug discovery and development. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:434-458. [PMID: 34310243 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1959606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A reliable, rapid, and effective bioanalytical method is essential for the determination of the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicokinetic parameters that inform the safety and efficacy profile of investigational drugs. The overall goal of bioanalytical method development is to elucidate the procedure and operating conditions under which a method can sufficiently extract, qualify, and/or quantify the analyte(s) of interest and/or their metabolites for the intended purpose. Given the difference in the physicochemical properties of small and large molecule drugs, different strategies need to be adopted for the development of an effective and efficient bioanalytical method. Herein, we provide an overview of different sample preparation strategies, analytical platforms, as well as procedures for achieving high throughput for bioanalysis of small and large molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarzoo Thakur
- Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Tan
- Department of Early Clinical Development, dMed-Clinipace, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsubasa Kameyama
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eman El-Khateeb
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shakti Nagpal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rohitash Jamwal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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32
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Li K, Liu L, Xiong P, Tang S, Chen H, Bin Z, Wu W, Cai W. Rapid Identification of Anthocyanin from the Epicarp of Kadsura Coccinea (Lem.) A.C. Smith by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02038-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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33
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Zhang J, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Yang X, Zhang M, Wang B, Zhang L, Li Z, Liang Z, Liu C, Wu H. Preparation of Pd/
PANI
/
ITO
composite electrode and its degradation of tetracycline wastewater. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Xue Yang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Lanhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Zilong Liang
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Congze Liu
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chemistry Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin China
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34
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Liu R, Bao ZX, Zhao PJ, Li GH. Advances in the Study of Metabolomics and Metabolites in Some Species Interactions. Molecules 2021; 26:3311. [PMID: 34072976 PMCID: PMC8197931 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the natural environment, interactions between species are a common natural phenomena. The mechanisms of interaction between different species are mainly studied using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic techniques. Metabolomics is a crucial part of system biology and is based on precision instrument analysis. In the last decade, the emerging field of metabolomics has received extensive attention. Metabolomics not only provides a qualitative and quantitative method for studying the mechanisms of interactions between different species, but also helps clarify the mechanisms of defense between the host and pathogen, and to explore new metabolites with various biological activities. This review focuses on the methods and progress of interspecies metabolomics. Additionally, the prospects and challenges of interspecies metabolomics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guo-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (R.L.); (Z.-X.B.); (P.-J.Z.)
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35
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Abstract
The quantitative determination of xenobiotic compounds, as well as biotics in biological matrices, is generally described with the term bioanalysis. Due to the complexity of biofluids, in combination with the low concentration of the small molecules, their determination in biological matrices is a challenging procedure. Apart from the conventional solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, protein precipitation, and direct injection approaches, nowadays, a plethora of microextraction and miniaturized extraction techniques have been reported. Furthermore, the development and evaluation of novel extraction adsorbents for sample preparation has become a popular research field. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are novel materials composed of metal ions or clusters in coordination with organic linkers. Unequivocally, MOFs are gaining more and more attention in analytical chemistry due to their superior properties, including high surface area and tunability of pore size and functionality. This review discusses the utilization of MOFs in the sample preparation of biological samples for the green extraction of small organic molecules. Their common preparation and characterization strategies are discussed, while emphasis is given to their applications for green sample preparation.
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36
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Alam K, Hao J, Zhang Y, Li A. Synthetic biology-inspired strategies and tools for engineering of microbial natural product biosynthetic pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107759. [PMID: 33930523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial-derived natural products (NPs) and their derivative products are of great importance and used widely in many fields, especially in pharmaceutical industries. However, there is an immediate need to establish innovative approaches, strategies, and techniques to discover new NPs with novel or enhanced biological properties, due to the less productivity and higher cost on traditional drug discovery pipelines from natural bioresources. Revealing of untapped microbial cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) using DNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools makes genome mining possible for NP discovery from microorganisms. Meanwhile, new approaches and strategies in the area of synthetic biology offer great potentials for generation of new NPs by engineering or creating synthetic systems with improved and desired functions. Development of approaches, strategies and tools in synthetic biology can facilitate not only exploration and enhancement in supply, and also in the structural diversification of NPs. Here, we discussed recent advances in synthetic biology-inspired strategies, including bioinformatics and genetic engineering tools and approaches for identification, cloning, editing/refactoring of candidate biosynthetic pathways, construction of heterologous expression hosts, fitness optimization between target pathways and hosts and detection of NP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khorshed Alam
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Jinfang Hao
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Aiying Li
- Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-Infectives, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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37
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A quantitative LC-MS/MS approach for monitoring 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in tumor tissue. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:481-491. [PMID: 33724050 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Develop a quantitative LC-MS/MS method for FDG, FDG-monophosphate, glucose and glucose-monophosphate in mouse tumor models to assist in validating the use of [18F]FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for anticancer therapies in a clinical setting. Methodology/results: Analytes were isolated from tumors by protein precipitation and detected on a Sciex API-5500 mass spectrometer. Improved assay robustness and selectivity were achieved through chromatographic separation of FDG-monophosphate from glucose-monophosphate, selection of a unique ion transition and incorporation of stable isotope labeled internal standards. In a mouse JIMT-1 tumor model, FDG-monophosphate levels measured by LC-MS/MS correlated with [18F]FDG-PET imaging results. Conclusion: LC-MS/MS analysis of FDG-monophosphate accumulation in tumors is a cost-effective tool to gauge the translational potential of [18F]FDG-PET imaging as a noninvasive biomarker in clinical studies.
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38
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He Y, Miggiels P, Wouters B, Drouin N, Guled F, Hankemeier T, Lindenburg PW. A high-throughput, ultrafast, and online three-phase electro-extraction method for analysis of trace level pharmaceuticals. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1149:338204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Qin SH, Xu Y, Li KL, Gong KY, Peng J, Shi SL, Yan F, Cai W. Identification of Metabolites of Aurantio-Obtusin in Rats Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry with Parallel Reaction Monitoring. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:6630604. [PMID: 33936838 PMCID: PMC8062173 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6630604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Aurantio-obtusin (AO) is a major anthraquinone compound isolated from Cassiae Semen or Duhaldea nervosa, which possesses diverse pharmacological effects. Previous studies have shown that it has a good effect on lowering blood lipids and treating various diseases. A few studies have also reported about its metabolites. A rapid and reliable method using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry and multiple data-processing technologies was established to investigate the metabolites of AO in the plasma and various tissues of rats, including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, and brain. Finally, a total of 36 metabolites were identified in the plasma of rats, which could be very beneficial for understanding the effective form of AO metabolites leading to new drug discovery. The result demonstrated that this strategy, especially parallel reaction monitoring, has shown a wide range of applications in the identification of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-han Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antiboby-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of TCM Rheumatism, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai-lin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antiboby-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Kai-yan Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antiboby-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Jie Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antiboby-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Si-lin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antiboby-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Fang Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Wei Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antiboby-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
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40
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Lo YH, Hiramatsu H. Online Liquid Chromatography-Raman Spectroscopy Using the Vertical Flow Method. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14601-14607. [PMID: 33086014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography and Raman spectroscopy (LC-Raman system) were combined and developed with the aid of the vertical flow method that enhances the Raman signal intensity. The LC-Raman system enabled the online acquisition of the nonresonance Raman spectrum of LC eluates. We employed singular value decomposition (SVD) and subsequent reconstruction of the components for the analysis of two-dimensional (temporal and spectral) data. The obtained components were consistent with the Raman spectra and elution patterns of the samples, indicating the appropriateness of the SVD-based procedure. The rise and fall times of the elution band of the temporal component were considered as the instrumental function. D2O mixed with H2O exhibited increased full width at half maximum of the elution band of up to 30% in comparison to the calculated value because of diffusion. Band broadening was less significant in the case in which an immiscible solute (pentane) was mixed with H2O. The limits of detection and quantitation were 1.2 ± 0.1, 2.1 ± 0.1, and 2.7 ± 0.1 mM and 4.1 ± 0.1, 6.9 ± 0.1, and 9.1 ± 0.2 mM for the ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of methoxyphenol, respectively. The nonresonance Raman experiment provides the molecular specificity to LC on the basis of the inherent properties of eluates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao Lo
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hirotsugu Hiramatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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41
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Tao P, Xiao W, Zhou P, Lu G, Li S. Metabolic Profiles in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cell Lines Infected with H3N2 Canine Influenza Viruses. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:573-584. [PMID: 33030418 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus replication and host cell growth require host cell metabolic networks to provide energy and precursors for the synthesis of macromolecules. The aim of this study was to investigate the most direct changes in energy metabolism and small-molecule metabolism of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) and to determine whether small metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis of CIV. To study the metabolomics of MDCK cells infected with H3N2 CIV, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that 798 positive ions were detected, among which 33 were upregulated and 11 were downregulated, and 406 negative ions were detected, among which 33 were upregulated and 9 were downregulated. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we found that these differentially expressed molecules were mainly concentrated in the steroid hormone biosynthesis, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, vitamin digestion and absorption, arginine and proline metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and folate biosynthesis metabolic pathways. These pathways are involved in energy metabolism and nucleic acid and protein synthesis, which are essential for virus replication. Our experimental data suggest that H3N2 CIV infection reconstitutes/influences cellular metabolic processes, which in turn may contribute to viral replication. These findings are important for the development of enzyme inhibitors or metabolites for the identification of antiviral drugs. In addition, understanding the metabolic interaction between CIV and host cells is also very important for the complex pathogenicity of CIV, providing certain guidance for the treatment of canine influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technological Engineering Research Center for Pet, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Wells DA. Throughput Considerations for a Sample-Multiplexed LC-MS/MS Assay: Is the Ability to Double the Injection Throughput Always a Time Saver? Clin Chem 2020; 66:1125-1127. [PMID: 32808005 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvaa171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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43
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New bioanalytical method for the quantification of (-) – hydroxycitric acid in human plasma using UPLC-MS/MS and its application in a Garcinia cambogia pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 188:113385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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44
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Aydoğan C, Rigano F, Krčmová LK, Chung DS, Macka M, Mondello L. Miniaturized LC in Molecular Omics. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11485-11497. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Aydoğan
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000,Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl 12000,Turkey
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital, Sokolská 581, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Doo Soo Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mirek Macka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Natural Sciences and Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies for Human and Environment, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome I-00128, Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina I-98168, Italy
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45
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Jaroentomeechai T, Taw MN, Li M, Aquino A, Agashe N, Chung S, Jewett MC, DeLisa MP. Cell-Free Synthetic Glycobiology: Designing and Engineering Glycomolecules Outside of Living Cells. Front Chem 2020; 8:645. [PMID: 32850660 PMCID: PMC7403607 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans and glycosylated biomolecules are directly involved in almost every biological process as well as the etiology of most major diseases. Hence, glycoscience knowledge is essential to efforts aimed at addressing fundamental challenges in understanding and improving human health, protecting the environment and enhancing energy security, and developing renewable and sustainable resources that can serve as the source of next-generation materials. While much progress has been made, there remains an urgent need for new tools that can overexpress structurally uniform glycans and glycoconjugates in the quantities needed for characterization and that can be used to mechanistically dissect the enzymatic reactions and multi-enzyme assembly lines that promote their construction. To address this technology gap, cell-free synthetic glycobiology has emerged as a simplified and highly modular framework to investigate, prototype, and engineer pathways for glycan biosynthesis and biomolecule glycosylation outside the confines of living cells. From nucleotide sugars to complex glycoproteins, we summarize here recent efforts that harness the power of cell-free approaches to design, build, test, and utilize glyco-enzyme reaction networks that produce desired glycomolecules in a predictable and controllable manner. We also highlight novel cell-free methods for shedding light on poorly understood aspects of diverse glycosylation processes and engineering these processes toward desired outcomes. Taken together, cell-free synthetic glycobiology represents a promising set of tools and techniques for accelerating basic glycoscience research (e.g., deciphering the "glycan code") and its application (e.g., biomanufacturing high-value glycomolecules on demand).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapakorn Jaroentomeechai
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - May N. Taw
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Mingji Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Alicia Aquino
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ninad Agashe
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sean Chung
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael C. Jewett
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Center for Synthetic Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Matthew P. DeLisa
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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46
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Compensate for or Minimize Matrix Effects? Strategies for Overcoming Matrix Effects in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique: A Tutorial Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133047. [PMID: 32635301 PMCID: PMC7412464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, mass spectrometry techniques, particularly when combined with separation methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, have become increasingly important in pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food science applications because they afford high selectivity and sensitivity. However, mass spectrometry has limitations due to the matrix effects (ME), which can be particularly marked in complex mixes, when the analyte co-elutes together with other molecules, altering analysis results quantitatively. This may be detrimental during method validation, negatively affecting reproducibility, linearity, selectivity, accuracy, and sensitivity. Starting from literature and own experience, this review intends to provide a simple guideline for selecting the best operative conditions to overcome matrix effects in LC-MS techniques, to obtain the best result in the shortest time. The proposed methodology can be of benefit in different sectors, such as pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food sciences. Depending on the required sensitivity, analysts may minimize or compensate for ME. When sensitivity is crucial, analysis must try to minimize ME by adjusting MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or optimizing clean-up. On the contrary, to compensate for ME analysts should have recourse to calibration approaches depending on the availability of blank matrix. When blank matrices are available, calibration can occur through isotope labeled internal standards and matrix matched calibration standards; conversely, when blank matrices are not available, calibration can be performed through isotope labeled internal standards, background subtraction, or surrogate matrices. In any case, an adjusting of MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or a clean-up are necessary.
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47
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Maciążek-Jurczyk M, Bessonneau V, Ings J, Bragg L, McMaster M, Servos MR, Bojko B, Pawliszyn J. Development of a thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) method coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for high-throughput determination of steroid hormones in white sucker fish plasma. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4183-4194. [PMID: 32361868 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Steroid hormones (SH) play a number of important physiological roles in vertebrates including fish. Changes in SH concentration significantly affect reproduction, differentiation, development, or metabolism. The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro high-throughput thin-film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME)-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for targeted analysis of endogenous SH (cortisol, testosterone, progesterone, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) in wild white sucker fish plasma where the concentrations of the analytes are substantially low. A simple TF-SPME method enabled the simultaneous determination of free and total SH concentrations. The use of biocompatible coating allowed direct extraction of these hormones from complex biological samples without prior preparation. The carryover was less than 3%, thereby ensuring reusability of the devices and reproducibility. The results showed that TF-SPME was suitable for the analysis of compounds in the polarity range between 1.28 and 4.31 such as SH at different physicochemical properties. The proposed method was validated according to bioanalytical method validation guidelines. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification(LOQ) for cortisol, testosterone, progesterone, E1, E2, and EE2 were from 0.006 to 0.150 ng/mL and from 0.020 to 0.500 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery for the method was about 85%, and the accuracy and precision of the method for cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone were ≤ 6.0% and ≤ 11.2%, respectively, whereas those for E1, E2, and EE2 were ≤ 15.0% and ≤ 10.2%, respectively. On the basis of this study, TF-SPME demonstrated several important advantages such as simplicity, sensitivity, and robustness under laboratory conditions. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Maciążek-Jurczyk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-200, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Vincent Bessonneau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ings
- Enviroment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Leslie Bragg
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark McMaster
- Enviroment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mark R Servos
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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48
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Yuan B, Dinssa FF, Simon JE, Wu Q. Simultaneous quantification of polyphenols, glycoalkaloids and saponins in African nightshade leaves using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with acid assisted hydrolysis and multivariate analysis. Food Chem 2020; 312:126030. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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49
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Dong-Wei C, Yuan Z, Xiao-Yi D, Yu Z, Guo-Hui L, Xue-Song F. Progress in Pretreatment and Analytical Methods of Coumarins: An Update since 2012 - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:503-526. [PMID: 32314593 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1750338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are widely used due to their wide range of biological activities, but the long-term or excessive use of coumarin flavors can pose serious health hazards. Therefore, sensitive and specific methods for the quantification of these compounds in different matrices have been developed. In this review, an updated overview of the latest trends in sample preparation techniques and methods used to detect coumarins from March 2012 to April 2019 is provided. This study reviews different analytical methods (such as liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, electrochemical sensors, capillary electrophoresis, etc.) and different pretreatment methods (such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, etc.). Different methods for the pretreatment and determination of coumarins in plant, food, environmental, pharmaceutical and biological samples are summarized, discussed and compared.HighlightsProgress in pretreatment and analytical methods of coumarins are summarized.Fundamentals, instrumentation and applications of purification and quantification are summarized and compared.Optimization of experimental conditions are discussed.Newly emerged eco-friendly methods are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Dong-Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Xiao-Yi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo-Hui
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xue-Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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50
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Quantification for non-targeted LC/MS screening without standard substances. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5808. [PMID: 32242073 PMCID: PMC7118164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-targeted and suspect analyses with liquid chromatography/electrospray/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/HRMS) are gaining importance as they enable identification of hundreds or even thousands of compounds in a single sample. Here, we present an approach to address the challenge to quantify compounds identified from LC/HRMS data without authentic standards. The approach uses random forest regression to predict the response of the compounds in ESI/HRMS with a mean error of 2.2 and 2.0 times for ESI positive and negative mode, respectively. We observe that the predicted responses can be transferred between different instruments via a regression approach. Furthermore, we applied the predicted responses to estimate the concentration of the compounds without the standard substances. The approach was validated by quantifying pesticides and mycotoxins in six different cereal samples. For applicability, the accuracy of the concentration prediction needs to be compatible with the effect (e.g. toxicology) predictions. We achieved the average quantification error of 5.4 times, which is well compatible with the accuracy of the toxicology predictions.
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