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Niu Y, Zhang J, Shi D, Zang W, Niu J. Glycosides as Potential Medicinal Components for Ulcerative Colitis: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5210. [PMID: 37446872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, non-specific disease of unknown etiology. The disease develops mainly in the rectum or colon, and the main clinical symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and purulent bloody stools, with a wide variation in severity. The specific causative factors and pathogenesis of the disease are not yet clear, but most scholars believe that the disease is caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, infectious, immune, and intestinal flora factors. As for the treatment of UC, medications are commonly used in clinical practice, mainly including aminosalicylates, glucocorticoids, and immunosuppressive drugs. However, due to the many complications associated with conventional drug therapy and the tendency for UC to recur, there is an urgent need to discover new, safer, and more effective drugs. Natural compounds with biodiversity and chemical structure diversity from medicinal plants are the most reliable source for the development of new drug precursors. Evidence suggests that glycosides may reduce the development and progression of UC by modulating anti-inflammatory responses, inhibiting oxidative stress, suppressing abnormal immune responses, and regulating signal transduction. In this manuscript, we provide a review of the epidemiology of UC and the available drugs for disease prevention and treatment. In addition, we demonstrate the protective or therapeutic role of glycosides in UC and describe the possible mechanisms of action to provide a theoretical basis for preclinical studies in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dianhua Shi
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Weibiao Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Qian Z, Huang Q, Li C, Chen J, Li G, Ma H, Xie J. Analysis of ginseng root and leaf by multiple columns and detections liquid chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1730890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Qian
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., LTD, Dongguan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Agricultural Environments and Resources Research Center, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyan Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juying Xie
- School of Rehabilitation, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
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Yang Y, Ju Z, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Yang L, Wang Z. Phytochemical analysis of Panax species: a review. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:1-21. [PMID: 33437152 PMCID: PMC7790905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax species have gained numerous attentions because of their various biological effects on cardiovascular, kidney, reproductive diseases known for a long time. Recently, advanced analytical methods including thin layer chromatography, high-performance thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem ultraviolet, diode array detector, evaporative light scattering detector, and mass detector, two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, high speed counter-current chromatography, high speed centrifugal partition chromatography, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, high-performance anion-exchange chromatography, ambient ionization mass spectrometry, molecularly imprinted polymer, enzyme immunoassay, 1H-NMR, and infrared spectroscopy have been used to identify and evaluate chemical constituents in Panax species. Moreover, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, solid phase extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, acceleration solvent extraction, matrix solid phase dispersion extraction, and pulsed electric field are discussed. In this review, a total of 219 articles published from 1980 to 2018 are investigated. Panax species including P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius, sand P. ginseng in the raw and processed forms from different parts, geographical origins, and growing times are studied. Furthermore, the potential biomarkers are screened through the previous articles. It is expected that the review can provide a fundamental for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangui Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhengcai Ju
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yingbo Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yanhai Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China.,Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, China
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A Novel Strategy for Quantitative Analysis of Major Ginsenosides in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma with a Standardized Reference Fraction. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122067. [PMID: 29186881 PMCID: PMC6149681 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (Zhu-Jie-Shen in Chinese), the root of P. japonicus C.A. Mey., is commonly used in traditional Chinese Medicine. Saponins are the major bioactive compounds in this herb. The similarity of polarity and structure of the natural products in herb caused the difficulty of purification and resulted in the shortage and high cost of the reference compounds, which has greatly hindered efforts toward quantification in quality control. A novel strategy using a standardized reference fraction for qualification of the major saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma was proposed to easily and effectively control the quality of PJR. The strategy is feasible and reliable, and the methodology of the developed approach is also validated. The standardized reference fraction was used for quantification, which might solve the shortage of the pure reference compounds in the quality control of herbal medicines.
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Huang Y, Zhang T, Zhao Y, Zhou H, Tang G, Fillet M, Crommen J, Jiang Z. Simultaneous analysis of nucleobases, nucleosides and ginsenosides in ginseng extracts using supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:213-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhu S, Guo S, Duan JA, Qian D, Yan H, Sha X, Zhu Z. UHPLC-TQ-MS Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Characterize Nucleosides, Nucleobases and Amino Acids in Angelicae Sinensis Radix Obtained by Different Drying Methods. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060918. [PMID: 28587175 PMCID: PMC6152706 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the nutrients in roots of Angelica sinensis (Angelicae Sinensis Radix, ASR), a medicinal and edible plant, and evaluate its nutritional value, a rapid and reliable UHPLC-TQ-MS method was established and used to determine the potential nutritional compounds, including nucleosides, nucleobases and amino acids, in 50 batches of ASR samples obtained using two drying methods. The results showed that ASR is a healthy food rich in nucleosides, nucleobases and amino acids, especially arginine. The total average content of nucleosides and nucleobases in all ASR samples was 3.94 mg/g, while that of amino acids reached as high as 61.79 mg/g. Principle component analysis showed that chemical profile differences exist between the two groups of ASR samples prepared using different drying methods, and the contents of nutritional compounds in samples dried with the tempering-intermittent drying processing method (TIDM) were generally higher than those dried using the traditional solar processing method. The above results suggest that ASR should be considered an ideal healthy food and TIDM could be a suitable drying method for ASR when taking nucleosides, nucleobases and amino acids as the major consideration for their known human health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiuxiu Sha
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Qian Z, Li S. Analysis of Cordyceps by multi-column liquid chromatography. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:202-207. [PMID: 28303227 PMCID: PMC5343111 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps is a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used in China for hundreds of years. In the present study a multi-column liquid chromatography (MC-LC) system was developed for the qualitative analysis of macromolecules and micromolecules in Cordyceps. The MC-LC system includes a size exclusion pre-column, a size exclusion column (SEC) and a reversed phase column (RP) which were controlled by column-switching valves. The sample was separated by the size exclusion pre-column into two fractions (macromolecules and micromolecules). These fractions were further separated on SEC and RP columns, respectively. A diode array detector (DAD) and a mass spectrometer (MS) were used to detect the components. This MC-LC method was utilized for analysis of Cordyceps samples. Two macromolecular peaks and 15 micromolecular peaks were found in Cordyceps, and 11 of the micromolecular peaks were identified as adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP), phenylalanine, uridine, hypoxanthine, inosine, guanine, guanosine, deoxyadenosine-5'-monophosphate (dAMP), adenosine, adenine and cordycepin (or its isomer). This method is useful for quality control of Cordyceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Qian
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523850, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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8
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Dai S, Xu B, Zhang Y, Sun F, Li J, Shi X, Qiao Y. Robust design space development for HPLC analysis of five chemical components in Panax notoginseng saponins. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1198914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Dai
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, P. R. China
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9
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Song Y, Zhang N, Shi S, Li J, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Tu P. Large-scale qualitative and quantitative characterization of components in Shenfu injection by integrating hydrophilic interaction chromatography, reversed phase liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:106-18. [PMID: 26143607 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is of great importance to clarify in depth the chemical composition, including qualitative and quantitative aspects, of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection that contains a great number of hydrophilic and hydrophobic ingredients to guarantee its safe medication in clinic. Column-switching hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-reversed phase liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-RPLC-MS/MS) has been revealed to be advantageous at simultaneous measurement of compounds covering a broad polarity range. Previous studies have profiled the hydrophobic components, mainly aconite alkaloids and ginsenosides, in Shenfu Injection (SFI); however, the hydrophilic substances haven't been taken into account. In the present study, we aim to holistically characterize the hydrophilic constituents and to simultaneously quantitate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components in SFI. A strategy integrating predefined multiple reaction monitoring, step-wise multiple ion monitoring, and enhanced product ion scans was proposed to universally screen the hydrophilic substances using a hybrid triple quadrupole-linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Structural identification was carried out by comparing with authentic compounds, analyzing MS(2) spectra, and referring to accessible databases (e.g., MassBank, METLIN and HMDB). A total of 157 hydrophilic compounds were detected from SFI, and 154 ones were identified as amino acids, nucleosides, organic acid, carbohydrates, etc. A column-switching HILIC-RPLC-MS/MS system was developed and validated for simultaneously quantitative analysis of 40 primary hydrophilic and hydrophobic ingredients in SFI, including eleven amino acids, nine nucleosides, nine aconite alkaloids, and eleven ginsenosides. Taken together, the findings obtained could provide meaningful information for comprehensively understanding the chemical composition and offer a reliable approach for the quality control of SFI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelin Song
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China; Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Shepo Shi
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yunfang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Cao KY, Qiao CF, Zhao J, Xie J, Li SP. Quantitative analysis of acankoreoside A and acankoreagenin in the leaves of Schefflera octophylla and Schefflera actinophylla using pressurized liquid extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detecti. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2201-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Chun-Feng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
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Wang LC, Zhang WS, Liu Q, Li J, Alolga RN, Liu K, Liu BL, Li P, Qi LW. A standardized notoginseng extract exerts cardioprotection by attenuating apoptosis under endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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12
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Wang H, Wu Q, Wu C, Jiang Z. Simultaneous Determination of 16 Nucleosides and Nucleobases inEuryale feroxSalisb. by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Electro Spray Ionization Tandem Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS) in Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) Mode. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1386-94. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Yuan C, Xu FX, Huang XJ, Li SP, Zhang QW. A novel 12, 23-epoxy dammarane saponin from Panax notoginseng. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:303-6. [PMID: 25908629 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the chemical constituents of the roots and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated by the extensive analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical evidences. A novel 12, 23-epoxy dammarane-type saponin, named epoxynotoginsenoside A (1), together with four known compounds (2-5), was isolated and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Fa-Xiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shao-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Li BQ, Chen J, Wu TX, Zhai HL, Zhang XY. Fast determination of four active compounds inSanqi Panax Notoginseng Injectionsamples by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chemometric method. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1449-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bao Qiong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Tong Xing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Hong Lin Zhai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou P. R. China
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15
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Rapid Analysis of Polar Components in Ophiocordyceps sinensis by Conventional Liquid Chromatography System. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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16
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Liu J, Wang Y, Qiu L, Yu Y, Wang C. Saponins ofPanax notoginseng: chemistry, cellular targets and therapeutic opportunities in cardiovascular diseases. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:523-39. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.892582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Studzińska S, Buszewski B. Analysis of normal and modified nucleosides in urine samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with different stationary phases. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1140-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Studzińska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; 7 Gagarin St. PL- 87-100 Toruń Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; 7 Gagarin St. PL- 87-100 Toruń Poland
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Li S, Qiao C, Chen Y, Zhao J, Cui X, Zhang Q, Liu X, Hu D. A novel strategy with standardized reference extract qualification and single compound quantitative evaluation for quality control of Panax notoginseng used as a functional food. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:302-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Zhao J, Deng J, Chen Y, Li S. Advanced phytochemical analysis of herbal tea in China. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:2-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Li F, Duan JA, Qian D, Guo S, Ding Y, Liu X, Qian Y, Peng Y, Ren Y, Chen Y. Comparative analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from different sections of Elaphuri Davidiani Cornu and Cervi Cornu by UHPLC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 83:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Li F, Yang FQ, Xia ZN. Simultaneous Determination of Ten Nucleosides and Related Compounds by MEEKC with [BMIM]PF6 as Oil Phase. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Guo S, Duan JA, Qian D, Wang H, Tang Y, Qian Y, Wu D, Su S, Shang E. Hydrophilic interaction ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry for determination of nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases in Ziziphus plants. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1301:147-55. [PMID: 23800804 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.05.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for the determination of 20 nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides in Ziziphus plants at trace levels by using hydrophilic interaction ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS) in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation for 20 target compounds were obtained on a UHPLC Amide column with sub-2μm particles within 10min. The overall LODs and LOQs were between 0.11-3.12ngmL(-1) and 0.29-12.48ngmL(-1) for the 20 analytes, respectively. It is the first report about simultaneous analysis of nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides in medicinal plants using HILIC-UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS method, which affords good linearity, precision, repeatability and accuracy. The developed method was successfully applied to Ziziphus plant (Z. jujuba, Z. jujuba var. spinosa and Z. mauritiana) samples. The analysis showed that the fruits and leaves of Ziziphus plants are rich in nucleosides and nucleobases as well as nucleotides, and could be selected as the healthy food resources. Our results in present study suggest that HILIC-UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS method could be employed as a useful tool for quality assessment of the samples from the Ziziphus plants as well as other medicinal plants or food samples using nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases as markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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23
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Baek SH, Bae ON, Park JH. Recent methodology in ginseng analysis. J Ginseng Res 2013; 36:119-34. [PMID: 23717112 PMCID: PMC3659581 DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2012.36.2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As much as the popularity of ginseng in herbal prescriptions or remedies, ginseng has become the focus of research in many scientific fields. Analytical methodologies for ginseng, referred to as ginseng analysis hereafter, have been developed for bioactive component discovery, phytochemical profiling, quality control, and pharmacokinetic studies. This review summarizes the most recent advances in ginseng analysis in the past half-decade including emerging techniques and analytical trends. Ginseng analysis includes all of the leading analytical tools and serves as a representative model for the analytical research of herbal medicines.
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Gao QH, Wu CS, Wang M. The jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit: a review of current knowledge of fruit composition and health benefits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3351-63. [PMID: 23480594 DOI: 10.1021/jf4007032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional jujube ( Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit belonging to the Rhamnaceous family grows mostly in Europe, southern and eastern Asia, and Australia, especially the inland region of northern China. Jujube has a long history of usage as a fruit and remedy. The main biologically active components are vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenic acids, and polysaccharides. Recent phytochemical studies of jujube fruits have shed some light on their biological effects, such as the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, immunostimulating, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and gastrointestinal protective activities and inhibition of foam cell formation in macrophages. A stronger focus on clinical studies and phytochemical definition of jujube fruits will be essential for future research efforts. This review may be useful for predicting other medicinal uses and potential drug or food interactions and may be beneficial for people living where the jujube fruits are prevalent and health care resources are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Han Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, YangLing, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
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25
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Song W, Li Y, Wang J, Li Z, Zhang J. Characterization of nucleobases and nucleosides in the fruit ofAlpinia oxyphyllacollected from different cultivation regions. Drug Test Anal 2013; 6:239-45. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- School of Pharmacy; Hainan Medical University; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D on Tropical Medicinal Plants; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
| | - Yonghui Li
- School of Pharmacy; Hainan Medical University; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D on Tropical Medicinal Plants; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- School of Pharmacy; Hainan Medical University; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
| | - Zeyou Li
- School of Pharmacy; Hainan Medical University; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D on Tropical Medicinal Plants; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Hainan Medical University; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of R&D on Tropical Medicinal Plants; Haikou 571199 P.R. China
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26
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Characterisation of nucleosides and nucleobases in Mactra veneriformis by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector-mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS). Food Chem 2012; 135:548-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang S, Hu Y, Tan W, Wu X, Chen R, Cao J, Chen M, Wang Y. Compatibility art of traditional Chinese medicine: from the perspective of herb pairs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:412-23. [PMID: 22871585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Over the past decades, research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mainly focused on developing potential candidates from Chinese medicinal herbs, while the wisdom of applying these traditional herbs has not been paid as much attention as it deserves. As is well-known, multi-herb therapy is one of the most important characteristics of TCM, but the modernization drive of this conventional wisdom has faced many obstacles due to its unimaginable complexity. Herb pairs, the most fundamental and the simplest form of multi-herb formulae, are a centralized representative of Chinese herbal compatibility. In light of their simplicity and the basic characteristics of complex formulae, herb pairs are of great importance in the studies of herb compatibility. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search of herb pair related research was carried out using multiple online literature databases, books and monographs published in the past 20 years. RESULTS A comprehensive introduction to the compatibility of TCM, the position of herb pairs in TCM and the progresses of several famous herb pairs were provided in this review. Furthermore, the clinical study and the future research trends of herb pairs were also discussed. CONCLUSIONS Herb pairs have played, and may continue to play a key role in full investigation of general herb compatibility for their indispensable position in TCM. Much more research is needed for the standardization, safety evaluation, and mechanism exploration of herb pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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28
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Qian Z, Zhao J, Li D, Hu D, Li S. Analysis of global components in Ganoderma using liquid chromatography system with multiple columns and detectors. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2725-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Deqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Dejun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences; University of Macau; Macao SAR China
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Jia XH, Wang CQ, Liu JH, Li XW, Wang X, Shang MY, Cai SQ, Zhu S, Komatsu K. Comparative studies of saponins in 1-3-year-old main roots, fibrous roots, and rhizomes of Panax notoginseng, and identification of different parts and growth-year samples. J Nat Med 2012; 67:339-49. [PMID: 22843418 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Notoginsenosides R1, R4, Fa, and K (N-R1, N-R4, N-Fa, and N-K), as well as ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg2 and Rh1 (G-Rg1, G-Rb1, G-Rd, G-Re, G-Rf, G-Rg2 and G-Rh1) in 47 Notoginseng samples including 1-, 2- and 3-year-old main roots, rhizomes and fibrous roots of Panax notoginseng were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method. Total contents (%) of the 11 saponins were 9.82-14.57 for 2-year old and 14.20-16.00 for 3-year-old rhizomes; 2.72-4.50 for 2-year-old and 1.98-4.92 for 3-year-old fibrous roots; 1.75-3.05 for 1-year-old whole roots; and 3.71-8.98 for 2-year-old and 7.03-11.23 for 3-year-old main roots. Contents of most saponins and total content of 11 saponins were in the order 3- >2- >1-year-old main root samples. G-Rf content, sum of G-Rf and G-Rh1 were, respectively, 0.08-0.18 and 0.14-0.32 for 2- or 3-year-old rhizomes, and 0.01-0.07 and 0.03-0.10 for 2- or 3-year-old main roots. Combined contents of N-R1, G-Rg1 and G-Rb1 were 5.78-9.37 in 3-year-old main roots, and 2.99-7.13 in 2-year-old main roots, of which nearly one-third of samples were lower than the limit (5 %) in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Those of 2- or 3-year-old fibrous roots (1.47-3.83) and 1-year-old whole roots (1.41-2.44) were much lower than the limit, and were considered not suitable for use as Notoginseng. Two-year-old main roots are not appropriate for collection as Notoginseng. Different parts and growth years of P. notoginseng can be identified from each another according to differences in saponin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Hong Jia
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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30
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Cohen S, Tzuri G, Harel-Beja R, Itkin M, Portnoy V, Sa'ar U, Lev S, Yeselson L, Petrikov M, Rogachev I, Aharoni A, Ophir R, Tadmor Y, Lewinsohn E, Burger Y, Katzir N, Schaffer AA. Co-mapping studies of QTLs for fruit acidity and candidate genes of organic acid metabolism and proton transport in sweet melon (Cucumis melo L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2012; 125:343-53. [PMID: 22406955 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Sweet melon cultivars contain a low level of organic acids and, therefore, the quality and flavor of sweet melon fruit is determined almost exclusively by fruit sugar content. However, genetic variability for fruit acid levels in the Cucumis melo species exists and sour fruit accessions are characterized by acidic fruit pH of <5, compared to the sweet cultivars that are generally characterized by mature fruit pH values of >6. In this paper, we report results from a mapping population based on recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between the non-sour 'Dulce' variety and the sour PI 414323 accession. Results show that a single major QTL for pH co-localizes with major QTLs for the two predominant organic acids in melon fruit, citric and malic, together with an additional metabolite which we identified as uridine. While the acidic recombinants were characterized by higher citric and malic acid levels, the non-acidic recombinants had a higher uridine content than did the acidic recombinants. Additional minor QTLs for pH, citric acid and malic acid were also identified and for these the increased acidity was unexpectedly contributed by the non-sour parent. To test for co-localization of these QTLs with genes encoding organic acid metabolism and transport, we mapped the genes encoding structural enzymes and proteins involved in organic acid metabolism, transport and vacuolar H+ pumps. None of these genes co-localized with the major pH QTL, indicating that the gene determining melon fruit pH is not one of the candidate genes encoding this primary metabolic pathway. Linked markers were tested in two additional inter-varietal populations and shown to be linked to the pH trait. The presence of the same QTL in such diverse segregating populations suggests that the trait is determined throughout the species by variability in the same gene and is indicative of a major role of the evolution of this gene in determining the important domestication trait of fruit acidity within the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cohen
- Deparment of Vegetable Research, Volcani Center-ARO, 50250 Bet Dagan, Israel
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31
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[Simultaneous determination of 7 nucleosides in Asterias rollestoni using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography]. Se Pu 2012; 28:795-9. [PMID: 21261050 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2010.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous determination of 7 nucleosides in Asterias rollestoni was developed using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Analytes were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and separated on two different C18 columns, which were connected in series, under the gradient elution with the mobile phases of methanol and 0.2% (v/v) acetic acid/water at room temperature. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: flow rate, 0.8 mL/min; detection wavelength, 260 nm; injection volume, 20 microL. Under the optimized conditions, good linear relationships between the values of mass concentrations and the peak areas of hypoxanthine, uridine, xanthine, thymine, inosine, guanosine and thymidine were observed in the ranges of 0.65 -40, 0.80 -40, 0.80 -40, 1.15 - 40, 0.80 - 40, 0.50 - 40, and 0.65 - 40 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations were around 0.72% - 3.23% and the recoveries were around 90.00% - 105.00%. The results showed that the developed method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible. It is suitable for the analysis of nucleosides in Asterias rollestoni with high recoveries and it is expected to be used for the quality control and evaluation of Asterias rollestoni.
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32
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Chen P, Li W, Li Q, Wang Y, Li Z, Ni Y, Koike K. Identification and quantification of nucleosides and nucleobases in Geosaurus and Leech by hydrophilic-interaction chromatography. Talanta 2011; 85:1634-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Nikitas P, Pappa-Louisi A, Agrafiotou P, Mansour A. Multilinear gradient elution optimization in reversed-phase liquid chromatography based on logarithmic retention models: Application to separation of a set of purines, pyrimidines and nucleosides. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5658-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Yao H, Shi P, Shao Q, Fan X. Chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of a Panax notoginseng preparation using HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS. Chin Med 2011; 6:9. [PMID: 21349173 PMCID: PMC3052241 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-6-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xuesaitong (XST) injection, consisting of total saponins from Panax notoginseng, was widely used for the treatment of cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases in China. This study develops a simple and global quality evaluation method for the quality control of XST. Methods High performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used to identify and quantify the chromatographic fingerprints of the XST injection. Characteristic common peaks were identified using HPLC with photo diode array detection/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA/ESI-MSn). Results Representative fingerprints from ten batches of samples showed 27 'common saponins' all of which were identified and quantified using ten reference saponins. Conclusion Chemical fingerprinting and quantitative analysis identified most of the common saponins for the quality control of P. notoginseng products such as the XST injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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35
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Guo S, Duan JA, Tang YP, Zhu ZH, Qian YF, Yang NY, Shang EX, Qian DW. Characterization of nucleosides and nucleobases in fruits of Ziziphus jujuba by UPLC-DAD-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:10774-10780. [PMID: 20809568 DOI: 10.1021/jf102648q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba , named dazao in Chinese, has been utilized as food as well as crude drugs in China for thousands of years. To explore the profiles of the nucleosides and nucleobases in this fruit, an ultraperformance liquid chromatograph coupled with a photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer method (UPLC-DAD-MS) has been established and validated in this paper. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous characterization and quantitation of 9 nucleosides and nucleobases in 49 dazao samples, which comprised 43 cultivars from 26 cultivation regions. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to classify the samples on the basis of the contents of the nine analyzed compounds. The results showed that almost all of these dazao samples were rich in nucleosides and nucleobases, although their contents were obviously various, and the proposed method could serve as a prerequisite for quality control of jujube products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for TCM Formulae Research, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
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Ruan JQ, Leong WI, Yan R, Wang YT. Characterization of metabolism and in vitro permeability study of notoginsenoside R1 from Radix notoginseng. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:5770-5776. [PMID: 20405945 DOI: 10.1021/jf1005885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
As a main and characteristic constituent in Radix notoginseng, the fate of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) in human is largely unknown. The present study investigated, for the first time, NGR1 metabolism by human intestinal bacteria and liver subcellular fractions, and permeability properties of NGR1 and resultant metabolites on a Caco-2 model. Samples were qualitatively analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS and quantitatively determined using HPLC-UV. When incubated with pooled human intestinal bacteria anaerobically, NGR1 showed biphasic elimination: an insignificant decrease in the first 8 h followed by a rapid elimination during 8-48 h. Four metabolites, three unambiguously identified as ginsenosides Rg1, F1 and 20(S)-protopanaxatriol formed via stepwise deglycosylation, and one tentatively assigned as a dehydrogenated protopanaxatriol with transformation occurring at the tetracyclic triterpenoid skeleton, were produced sequentially. Rg1 and F1 were formed transiently at low apparent velocities, while 20(S)-protopanaxatriol was the major metabolite with a formation rate close to the rate of NGR1 elimination and a low elimination rate. NGR1 remained intact in human liver S9 or microsomes over 1 h. Transport study of NGR1 and its metabolites revealed an ascending permeability order with stepwise deglycosylation. Taken together, the results revealed a determinant role of intestinal bacteria in the overall disposition and potential bioactivity of NGR1 in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing Ruan
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
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