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Cai Y, Si Z, Jiang Y, Ye M, Wang F, Yang X, Yu J, Gao X, Liu W. Structure-activity relationship of low molecular weight Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides produced by Bacteroides. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 316:121036. [PMID: 37321731 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharides (APS) possess significant biological activities, such as anti-tumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. However, there is still a lack of research on the structure-activity relationship of APS. In this paper, two carbohydrate-active enzymes from Bacteroides in living organisms were used to prepare degradation products. The degradation products were divided into APS-A1, APS-G1, APS-G2, and APS-G3 according to molecular weight. Structural analysis showed that all degradation products had an α-1,4-linked glucose backbone, but APS-A1 and APS-G3 also had branched chains of α-1,6-linked galactose or arabinogalacto-oligosaccharide. In vitro, immunomodulatory activity evaluation results indicated that APS-A1 and APS-G3 had better immunomodulatory activity, while the immunomodulatory activities of APS-G1 and APS-G2 were comparatively weaker. Molecular interaction detection showed that APS-A1 and APS-G3 could bind to toll-like receptors-4 (TLR-4) with a binding constant of 4.6 × 10-5 and 9.4 × 10-6, respectively, while APS-G1 and APS-G2 failed to bind to TLR-4. Therefore, the branched chains of galactose or arabinogalacto-oligosaccharide played a crucial role in the immunomodulatory activity of APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhenyuan Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Simcere Pharmaceutical Group Limited, Nanjing 210042, PR China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Biology and Medicine Department, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Nanjing 210031, PR China
| | - Juping Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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2
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N-Glycosylation of monoclonal antibody therapeutics: A comprehensive review on significance and characterization. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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3
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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 2, 5-anhydro-d-mannitol in low molecular weight heparins with high performance anion exchange chromatography hyphenated quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1569:160-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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4
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Giorgetti J, D'Atri V, Canonge J, Lechner A, Guillarme D, Colas O, Wagner-Rousset E, Beck A, Leize-Wagner E, François YN. Monoclonal antibody N-glycosylation profiling using capillary electrophoresis - Mass spectrometry: Assessment and method validation. Talanta 2017; 178:530-537. [PMID: 29136858 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of therapeutic proteins represents a major challenge for analytical sciences due to their heterogeneity caused by post-translational modifications (PTM). Among these PTM, glycosylation which is possibly the most prominent, require comprehensive identification because of their major influence on protein structure and effector functions of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). As a consequence, glycosylation profiling must be deeply characterized. For this application, several analytical methods such as separation-based or MS-based methods, were evaluated. However, no CE-ESI-MS approach has been assessed and validated. Here, we illustrate how the use of CE-ESI-MS method permits the comprehensive characterization of mAbs N-glycosylation at the glycopeptide level to perform relative quantitation of N-glycan species. Validation of the CE-ESI-MS method in terms of robustness and reproducibility was demonstrated through the relative quantitation of glycosylation profiles for ten different mAbs produced in different cell lines. Glycosylation patterns obtained for each mAbs were compared to Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography of 2-aminobenzamide labelled glycans with fluorescence detector (HILIC-FD) analysis considered as a reference method. Very similar glycoprofiling were obtained with the CE-ESI-MS and HILIC-FD demonstrating the attractiveness of CE-ESI-MS method to characterize and quantify the glycosylation heterogeneity of a wide range of therapeutic mAbs with high accuracy and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Giorgetti
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentina D'Atri
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Canonge
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Antony Lechner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Davy Guillarme
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Colas
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | | | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'immunologie Pierre Fabre, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Emmanuelle Leize-Wagner
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Yannis-Nicolas François
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse des Interactions et des Systèmes (LSMIS), UMR 7140 (Unistra-CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, France.
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5
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Largy E, Cantais F, Van Vyncht G, Beck A, Delobel A. Orthogonal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for the comprehensive characterization of therapeutic glycoproteins, from released glycans to intact protein level. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1498:128-146. [PMID: 28372839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are increasingly used as therapeutics. Their characterization is challenging due to their size and inherent heterogeneity notably caused by post-translational modifications, among which glycosylation is probably the most prominent. The glycosylation profile of therapeutic proteins must therefore be thoroughly analyzed. Here, we illustrate how the use of a combination of various cutting-edge LC or LC/MS(/MS) methods, and operating at different levels of analysis allows the comprehensive characterization of both the N- and O-glycosylations of therapeutic proteins without the need for other approaches (capillary electrophoresis, MALDI-TOF). This workflow does not call for the use of highly specialized/custom hardware and software nor an extensive knowledge of glycan analysis. Most notably, we present the point of view of a contract research organization, with the constraints associated to the work in a regulated environment (GxP). Two salient points of this work are i) the use of mixed-mode chromatography as a fast and straightforward mean of profiling N-glycans sialylation as well as an orthogonal method to separate N-glycans co-eluting in the HILIC mode; and ii) the use of widepore HILIC/MS to analyze challenging N/O-glycosylation profiles at both the peptide and subunit levels. A particular attention was given to the sample preparations in terms of duration, specificity, versatility, and robustness, as well as the ease of data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Largy
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Cantais
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Géry Van Vyncht
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium
| | - Alain Beck
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre (CIPF), 5 Av. Napoléon III, BP 60497, 74164, Saint-Julien-en-Genevois, France
| | - Arnaud Delobel
- Quality Assistance sa, Technoparc de Thudinie 2, 6536, Donstiennes, Belgium.
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Cook MC, Kaldas SJ, Muradia G, Rosu-Myles M, Kunkel JP. Comparison of orthogonal chromatographic and lectin-affinity microarray methods for glycan profiling of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 997:162-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Feng F, Huhe M, Mi L, Chen Z. Preclinical Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Pharmacodynamics of Metuzumab, a Novel CD147 Human–Mouse Chimeric and Glycoengineered Antibody. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 14:162-73. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Rohrer JS, Basumallick L, Hurum D. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for carbohydrate analysis of glycoproteins. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:697-709. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791307002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Gorovits B, Krinos-Fiorotti C. Proposed mechanism of off-target toxicity for antibody-drug conjugates driven by mannose receptor uptake. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:217-23. [PMID: 23223907 PMCID: PMC11028486 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1369-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are developed with the goal of increasing compound therapeutic index by specific and targeted delivery of a toxic payload to the site of action while considerably reducing damage to normal tissues. Yet, off-target hepatic toxicities have been reported for several ADC. Locations of these off-target toxicities coincide with the reported locations of cell surface mannose receptor (MR). The relative proportion of agalactosylated glycans on the Fc domain (G0F vs. G1F and G2F components) in monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based biotherapeutics is closer to some disease state IgG rather than to a normal serum-derived immunoglobulin. The lack of the terminal galactose on a G0F glycan creates an opportunity for the mAb to interact with soluble and cell surface MRs. MR is a known multi-domain lectin that specifically binds and internalizes glycoproteins and immune complexes with relatively high G0F content and has been found on the surface of various cell types, including immune cells of myeloid lineage, endothelial cells, and hepatic and splenic sinusoids. In this review paper it is proposed that the mechanism of the off-target toxicities for ADC biotherapeutics is at least in part driven by the carbohydrates, specifically agalactosylated glycans, such as G0F, their interactions with MR and resulting glycan-derived cellular uptake of ADCs. Several case studies are reviewed presenting corroborating information.
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Cook KS, Bullock K, Sullivan T. Development and qualification of an antibody rapid deglycosylation method. Biologicals 2012; 40:109-17. [PMID: 22257749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation can influence the biological activity and safety of an antibody as well as be a measure of the consistency of the production process. The released N-glycans is an important part of the development of a therapeutic antibody. The traditional method for N-glycan analysis requires complex and laborious sample preparation and lengthy analysis time. Two preparation steps with limited control are removal of the antibody backbone by ice-cold ethanol precipitation and water removal before 2-AB fluorescent dye labeling. Simplification of the sample preparation and better control of key steps that allows for the characterization/quantitation of glycans during all stages of development of a therapeutic antibody is desired. Recently Prozyme introduced a rapid deglycosylation kit and a rapid tagging kit that address some of these issues. The deglycosylation kit immobilizes the antibody on a membrane, thereby eliminating the precipitation step. An instant fluorescent tag kit eliminates the water removal before the 2-AB labeling step. In addition use of a new chromatography column can improve the glycan resolution and shorten the analysis time. The evaluation and qualification of the Rapid Deglycosylation Kit (RDK) and instant 2-AB tagging with the improved chromatography are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steven Cook
- Analytical R&D, Pfizer BioTherapeutics R&D Pharmaceutical Sciences, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA.
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11
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Uçaktürk E. Analysis of glycoforms on the glycosylation site and the glycans in monoclonal antibody biopharmaceuticals. J Sep Sci 2011; 35:341-50. [PMID: 22213703 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunoglobulins, have been efficiently used in the treatment of many diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, and organ transplantation. mAbs are glycoprotein molecules undergoing posttranslational modifications. Glycosylation is one of the posttranslational modifications. Different glycoforms that are important for maintaining the potency of mAb drugs show various biological activities. Therefore, the profile of the glycans and glycosylation sites should be determined to produce safe, good quality, consistent mAb drugs for human use. For this reason, simple, robust, accurate, and reproducible analytical methods need to be developed. In this article, chromatographic methods for the analysis of the glycoforms on the glycosylation site and the glycans in mAb biopharmaceuticals have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Uçaktürk
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Science, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Yagi Y, Yamamoto S, Kakehi K, Hayakawa T, Ohyama Y, Suzuki S. Application of partial-filling capillary electrophoresis using lectins and glycosidases for the characterization of oligosaccharides in a therapeutic antibody. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2979-85. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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13
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Yang B, Solakyildirim K, Chang Y, Linhardt RJ. Hyphenated techniques for the analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:541-57. [PMID: 20853165 PMCID: PMC3235348 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The elucidation of the structure of glycosaminoglycan has proven to be challenging for analytical chemists. Molecules of glycosaminoglycan have a high negative charge and are polydisperse and microheterogeneous, thus requiring the application of multiple analytical techniques and methods. Heparin and heparan sulfate are the most structurally complex of the glycosaminoglycans and are widely distributed in nature. They play critical roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes through their interaction with heparin-binding proteins. Moreover, heparin and low-molecular weight heparin are currently used as pharmaceutical drugs to control blood coagulation. In 2008, the health crisis resulting from the contamination of pharmaceutical heparin led to considerable attention regarding their analysis and structural characterization. Modern analytical techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, played critical roles in this effort. A successful combination of separation and spectral techniques will clearly provide a critical advantage in the future analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate. This review focuses on recent efforts to develop hyphenated techniques for the analysis of heparin and heparan sulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kemal Solakyildirim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yuqing Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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del Val IJ, Kontoravdi C, Nagy JM. Towards the implementation of quality by design to the production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies with desired glycosylation patterns. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:1505-27. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Behan JL, Smith KD. The analysis of glycosylation: a continued need for high pH anion exchange chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:39-46. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Grey C, Edebrink P, Krook M, Jacobsson SP. Development of a high performance anion exchange chromatography analysis for mapping of oligosaccharides. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1827-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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