1
|
Pratiwi R, Noviana E, Fauziati R, Carrão DB, Gandhi FA, Majid MA, Saputri FA. A Review of Analytical Methods for Codeine Determination. Molecules 2021; 26:800. [PMID: 33557168 PMCID: PMC7913935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Codeine is derived from morphine, an opioid analgesic, and has weaker analgesic and sedative effects than the parent molecule. This weak opioid is commonly used in combination with other drugs for over-the-counter cough relief medication. Due to the psychoactive properties of opioid drugs, the easily obtained codeine often becomes subject to misuse. Codeine misuse has emerged as a concerning public health issue due to its associated adverse effects such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and hemorrhage. Thus, it is very important to develop reliable analytical techniques to detect codeine for both quality control of pharmaceutical formulations and identifying drug misuse in the community. This review aims to provide critical outlooks on analytical methods applicable to the determination of codeine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rimadani Pratiwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Eka Noviana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
| | - Rizky Fauziati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Daniel Blascke Carrão
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, Brazil;
| | - Firas Adinda Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Mutiara Aini Majid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| | - Febrina Amelia Saputri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (R.F.); (F.A.G.); (M.A.M.); (F.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mostafa NM, Elsayed GM, Hassan NY, El Mously DA. A Green Liquid Chromatographic Method For The Simultaneous Determination of Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Propyphenazone. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411014666180806155002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:The concept of green analytical chemistry prevails due to the growing environmental pollution.Objective:Our attempts are to develop simple and eco-friendly method which is non-harmful to the environment by producing minimal waste. In this context, a green liquid chromatographic method was applied for the simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and propyphenazone in their combined dosage form.Methods:Separation was carried out using X select HSS RP C18 analytical column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5μm) using methanol - 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 3 - triethylamine (60:40: 0.1, by volume) as a mobile phase. The separated peaks were detected at 215 nm at a flow rate 1.0 mL/min.Results:Quantification was done over the concentration ranges of 1-25 µg/mL for chlorpheniramine maleate, 5-35 µg/mL for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 10-120 µg/mL for propyphenazone. The suggested method was validated with regard to linearity, accuracy and precision according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines with good results.Conclusion:It could be used as a safer alternative for routine analysis of the mentioned drugs in quality control laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M. Mostafa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M. Elsayed
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagiba Y. Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina A. El Mously
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bassuoni YF, Essam HM, Elzanfaly ES, Zaazaa HE, Kelani KO. Ecofriendly Determinations of Pseudoephedrine HCl and Triprolidine HCl in Their Tablet Form: Evaluation of Dissolution Profile. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine F. Bassuoni
- Analytical Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyMTI University, El Hadaba El Wosta Mokattam 5th District Cairo Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M. Essam
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Kasr El-Aini Street 11562 Cairo Egypt
| | - Eman S. Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Kasr El-Aini Street 11562 Cairo Egypt
| | - Hala E. Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of PharmacyCairo University Kasr El-Aini Street 11562 Cairo Egypt
| | - Khadiga O. Kelani
- Analytical Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyMTI University, El Hadaba El Wosta Mokattam 5th District Cairo Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patel M, Kumar R, Kishor K, Mlsna T, Pittman CU, Mohan D. Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3510-3673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kishor
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ibrahim F, Wahba MEK. Simultaneous Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Ebastine with Two Sympathomimetic Drugs Using a Monolithic Column. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:258-266. [PMID: 27884871 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Ebastine (EBS) has been assayed in its laboratory-prepared co-formulated tablets with either pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSU) or phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHR) using isocratic reversed-phase chromatography. Separation was conducted using a 50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., Chromolith® SpeedROD RP-18 end-capped column at ambient temperature. A mobile phase composed of water:acetonitrile in a ratio of 25:75 having a pH of 3.2, has been utilized at 1 mL/min with UV detection at 254 nm for both EBS and PSU and 274 nm for PHR which in turn increased the sensitivity of the proposed method significantly. Symmetric well-separated peaks resulted in a short chromatographic run; <5 min. The proposed method was subjected to detailed validation procedures and proved to be highly sensitive as shown from limit of quantification values which were 4.7, 39.4 and 10.2 μg/mL for EBS, PSU and PHR, respectively. The proposed method was used to analyze EBS in its laboratory-prepared co-formulated tablets; the obtained results were comparable to those resulting from the reference method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ibrahim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - M E K Wahba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goel A, Zhao Z, Sørensen D, Zhou J, Zhang F. Esterification of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride by citric acid in a solid dose pharmaceutical preparation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:410-418. [PMID: 27474946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Esterification of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride (PSE) by citric acid was observed in a solid dose pharmaceutical preparation at room temperature and accelerated stability condition (40°C/75% relative humidity). The esterification of PSE with citric acid was confirmed by a solid-state binary reaction in the presence of minor level of water at elevated temperature to generate three isomeric esters. The structures of the pseudoephedrine citric acid esters were elucidated using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Occurrence of esterification in solid state, instead of amidation which is generally more favorable than esterification, is likely due to remaining HCl salt form of solid pseudoephedrine hydrochloride to protect its amino group from amidation with citric acid. In contrast, the esterification was not observed from solution reaction between PSE and citric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Goel
- Analytical Research and Development, McNeil Consumer Healthcare, 890 Woodlawn Road West, Guelph, Ontario, N1K 1A5, Canada.
| | - Zhicheng Zhao
- Analytical Development, Johnson & Johnson Family of Consumer Companies, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA
| | - Dan Sørensen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jay Zhou
- Analytical Development, Johnson & Johnson Family of Consumer Companies, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA
| | - Fa Zhang
- Analytical Development, Johnson & Johnson Family of Consumer Companies, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A Versatile HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Bromhexine, Guaifenesin, Ambroxol, Salbutamol/Terbutaline, Pseudoephedrine, Triprolidine, and Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Cough–Cold Syrups. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3158-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
8
|
Mokhtari A, Jafari Delouei N, Keyvanfard M, Abdolhosseini M. Multiway analysis applied to time-resolved chemiluminescence for simultaneous determination of paracetamol and codeine in pharmaceuticals. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 31:1267-76. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mokhtari
- Department of Science; Golestan University; Gorgan Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Keyvanfard
- Department of Chemistry; Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University; Isfahan Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolhosseini
- Department of Water Engineering; Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Gorgan Islamic Republic of Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
YANG LL, LI LJ, LUO Y, ZHANG RR, CUI Y, CUI FH, SUN K, LI YQ. Preparation of Electrochemiluminescence Sensor by Immobilizing Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium (II) on Gold Electrode with NanoTiO2-ZnO/Silica Sol/Conductive Adhesive Composite Film. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Ensafi AA, Ahmadi N, Rezaei B, Abarghoui MM. A new electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen and codeine based on porous silicon/palladium nanostructure. Talanta 2015; 134:745-753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Wahba MEK. Simultaneous Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Ibuprofen in their Combined Tablets Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.883531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. E. K. Wahba
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elbashir AA, Aboul-Enein HY. Recent applications and developments of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C4D) in capillary electrophoresis. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 28:1502-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A. Elbashir
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department; University of Khartoum; PO Box 321 Khartoum 11115 Sudan
| | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo 12311 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Imamoglu E, Tunca AK. SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF GUAIFENESIN AND EPHEDRINE HCl BINARY MIXTURE IN SYRUP DOSAGE FORMS AND HUMAN PLASMA BY USING RP-HPLC-DAD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.765459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esin Imamoglu
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey
| | - Aysel Kucuk Tunca
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus , Sakarya , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vignaduzzo SE, Kaufman TS. DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF BROMHEXINE, CHLORPHENIRAMINE, PARACETAMOL, AND PSEUDOEPHEDRINE IN THEIR COMBINED COLD MEDICINE FORMULATIONS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.717055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana E. Vignaduzzo
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, National University of Rosario and Institute of Chemistry of Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Teodoro S. Kaufman
- a Department of Organic Chemistry , Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Sciences, National University of Rosario and Institute of Chemistry of Rosario (IQUIR, CONICET-UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine and diclofenac. Talanta 2013; 116:1026-32. [PMID: 24148511 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present two new electrochemical methods for fast and simultaneous determination of codeine (CO) and diclofenac (DCF). The first one is based on batch injection analysis with amperometric detection (BIA-MPA) and the second one is based on capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE-C(4)D). The proposed BIA-MPA method is highly-precise (RSD of 1.1% and 0.9% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10), fast (300 injections h(-1)) and has low detection limits (1.1 and 1.0 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). The proposed CE-C(4)D method allows the determination of CO and DFC in less than 1 min with high precision (RSD of 0.3% and 0.7% for DCF and CO, respectively; n=10) and low detection limits (11 and 21 µmol L(-1) for DCF and CO, respectively). Both proposed methods were applied to the determination of CO and DCF in pharmaceutical samples with similar results to those achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at a 95% confidence level.
Collapse
|
16
|
Gumustas M, Kurbanoglu S, Uslu B, Ozkan SA. UPLC versus HPLC on Drug Analysis: Advantageous, Applications and Their Validation Parameters. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
17
|
El-Gindy A, Attia KAS, Nassar MW, Abu Seada HH, Shoeib MAS. HPLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PARACETAMOL, PSEDOEPHEDRINE, TRIPROLIDINE, METHYLPARABEN, PROPYLPARABEN, SODIUM BENZOATE, AND THEIR RELATED SUBSTANCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL SYRUP. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.685922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Gindy
- a Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | | | - Mohammad Wafaa Nassar
- b Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hamed Hamed Abu Seada
- b Analytical Chemistry Department , Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Haggag RS, Belal TS. Gradient HPLC–DAD Determination of Two Pharmaceutical Mixtures Containing the Antihistaminic Drug Ebastine. J Chromatogr Sci 2012; 50:862-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bms082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
19
|
Bonfilio R, Cazedey ECL, Araújo MBD, Nunes Salgado HR. Analytical Validation of Quantitative High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Practical Approach. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.630926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
20
|
Li X, Xu X, Albano DR, You T. Optimization using central composite design for antihistamines separation by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detections. Analyst 2011; 136:5294-301. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15730b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
21
|
Current Awareness in Drug Testing and Analysis. Drug Test Anal 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|