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Viana C, Marcon GZ, Dal Molin TR, Bohrer D, do Nascimento PC, de Carvalho LM. Simultaneous Analysis of Sexual Stimulants and Anabolic Steroids as Adulterants in Dietary Supplements by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916999200415175325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The illegal virtual market for food supplements facilitates fraud and
adulteration. Worldwide concern for consumer safety is growing on the part regulatory
agencies, healthcare professionals and consumers.
Objective:
This work aimed to evaluate the presence of sexual stimulants and anabolic
steroids commonly used in the adulteration of dietary supplements through the
development of a high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array
detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the identification and quantification of these
compounds.
Method:
The mobile phase composed of an ammonium acetate solution, acetonitrile and
methanol leaded to the efficient separation of vardenafil, testosterone base, testosterone
propionate, tadalafil, sildenafil and yohimbine.
Results:
The assay was linear (r2> 0.999), precise (RSD% <0.5), accurate (99.1 to 105.2%), and the
limits of detection and quantification were less than 0.05 and 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. Four samples
of dietary supplements contained testosterone (n=1), tadalafil (n=2) and yohimbine (n=1) as adulterants.
The adulterants found were in subtherapeutic doses, probably to reduce possible adverse effects
and the action expected to appear natural. Since about 80% of adverse drug reactions are dose dependent,
unpredictable adverse drug reactions are dose independent and based on idiosyncratic or allergic
mechanisms or intolerance.
Conclusion:
The developed method is convenient and easily applicable for adulteration detection of the
analyzed drugs in the multicomponent supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Viana
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria-RS,Brazil
| | - Gabriela Zanella Marcon
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria-RS,Brazil
| | - Thais Ramos Dal Molin
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria-RS,Brazil
| | - Denise Bohrer
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria-RS,Brazil
| | | | - Leandro M. de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria-RS,Brazil
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Wang K, Jin P, Pi J, Xie X, Zhang Y, Yue Z, Mai X, Fan H, Zhang W. Microwave-assisted extraction followed by salting-out phase separation for hierarchical screening of illegal adulterants in aphrodisiac health products by multi-dimensional fingerprint profiling analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113774. [PMID: 33272790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for hierarchical screening of illegal adulterants in Fur seal ginseng pills (FSGP) products was developed by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) coupled to salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) with multi-dimensional fingerprint profiling analysis. Using a homogeneous system formed by dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and water as the extractant, the MAE conditions were investigated to maximize extraction recoveries, followed by addition of ammonium sulfate to induce DMC phase separation for SALLE enrichment of 16 potentially illegal adulterants such as phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, androgens, α receptor antagonists and yohimbine etc. By means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) and fluorescence detection (FLD), multi-dimensional fingerprints were acquired by multi-wavelength detection to highlight the signals of the potentially illegal adulterants and reduce or remove interferences from the sample matrix. For high accuracy and reliability, a hierarchical screening strategy was designed by multi-dimensional fingerprinting profiling analysis (MDFPA). The method exhibited proper identification and quantification performance, and it was successfully applied to screening of illegal adulterants in 18 batches of the samples through the step-by-step MDFPA. Also, the results were further confirmed by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS). The proposed method was proved to be a green, efficient and reliable alternative to monitoring aphrodisiac health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Peiyi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaju Pi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiujuan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yue
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaoman Mai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huajun Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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3
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Kharbach M, Marmouzi I, El Jemli M, Bouklouze A, Vander Heyden Y. Recent advances in untargeted and targeted approaches applied in herbal-extracts and essential-oils fingerprinting - A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 177:112849. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Guo H, Gan Y, Liu M, Wang S, Ni S, Zhou Y, Xiao Y, Wang Z, Wang Y. Quality Evaluation of Oviductus Ranae Based on PUFAs Using HPLC Fingerprint Techniques Combined with Chemometric Methods. Foods 2019; 8:E322. [PMID: 31394825 PMCID: PMC6723783 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oviductus Ranae is a nutritional product for both medicine and food. Its quality is uneven due to multiple factors. An efficient method was established to evaluate the quality of Oviductus Ranae using fingerprint techniques and chemometric methods based on the analysis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in petroleum ether extract by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). During this process, 27 batches of Oviductus Ranae were analyzed by HPLC and two types of chromatographic fingerprints were established. The fingerprint that was obtained by matching six known peaks was used for the quantification of six PUFAs. Another fingerprint was obtained by matching sixteen peaks with a peak area ratio greater than 0.5% and it was used to classify the different qualities of Oviductus Ranae by further combining three different chemometric models. The 27 batches of Oviductus Ranae were divided into four categories, which was consistent with the analysis results of six PUFAs contents. The two high-quality samples with significantly higher contents were classified into one category, and samples with medium contents were divided into two categories, including eight and thirteen samples, respectively. The four inferior samples with lower contents were classified into one category. The results indicated that the newly developed method has potential application prospects for the quality evaluation of Oviductus Ranae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yuanshuai Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, Jilin, China
| | - Shuling Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Physical Sciences, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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5
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Gan Y, Xiao Y, Wang S, Guo H, Liu M, Wang Z, Wang Y. Protein-Based Fingerprint Analysis for the Identification of Ranae Oviductus Using RP-HPLC. Molecules 2019; 24:E1687. [PMID: 31052194 PMCID: PMC6539769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This work demonstrated a method combining reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with chemometrics analysis to identify the authenticity of Ranae Oviductus. The fingerprint chromatograms of the Ranae Oviductus protein were established through an Agilent Zorbax 300SB-C8 column and diode array detection at 215 nm, using 0.085% TFA (v/v) in acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% TFA in ultrapure water (B) as mobile phase. The similarity was in the range of 0.779-0.980. The fingerprint chromatogram of Ranae Oviductus showed a significant difference with counterfeit products. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) successfully identified Ranae Oviductus from the samples. These results indicated that the method established in this work was reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuai Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shihan Wang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Hongye Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Physical Sciences, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM 88130, USA.
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Wang K, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Xie X, Yue Z, Zhang W, Fu C, Luo L, Fan H. A hierarchical screening method for detection of illegal adulterants in Fur seal ginseng pills by profiling analysis of HPLC multi‐dimensional fingerprints. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1509-1519. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Huiyun Zeng
- School of Basic CoursesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology CenterShenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Xie
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Zhenfeng Yue
- Food Inspection and Quarantine Technology CenterShenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Basic CoursesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Chujun Fu
- School of Basic CoursesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Laicheng Luo
- School of Basic CoursesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
| | - Huajun Fan
- School of PharmacyGuangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou P. R. China
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7
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Zhao Y, Kao CP, Liao CR, Wu KC, Zhou X, Ho YL, Chang YS. Chemical compositions, chromatographic fingerprints and antioxidant activities of Citri Exocarpium Rubrum ( Juhong). Chin Med 2017; 12:6. [PMID: 28138336 PMCID: PMC5264459 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-017-0127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citri Exocarpium Rubrum (CER), which is known as Juhong in Chinese, is the dried exocarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars (Fam. Rutaceae) and is currently used in Chinese medicine to protect the stomach and eliminate dampness and phlegm. The main aim of this study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet mass spectrometry (HPLC-UV-MS) method for determining the chemical compositions and fingerprint of CER. We also evaluated the antioxidant properties of CER based on its 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. METHODS Ten CER samples were collected from Hong Kong and mainland China. Each CER sample was extracted using an ultrasonic extraction method. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a conventional Dikma Inspire C18 column with photo diode array detection (190-400 nm). Hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin were quantified based on the UV signal observed at 330 nm. The column was eluted with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile (15-55%) over 55 min. Fingerprints combined with similarity and principal component analyses were used to classify the herbs. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity, FRAP and ABTS properties of the different CER samples were assayed. Bivariate correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between the characteristic peaks and their antioxidant capacities. RESULTS Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, inter-day precision, intra-day precision, repeatability, stability and recovery of the developed method were validated, and the method was subsequently used to determine the contents of hesperidin, nobiletin and tangeretin, and to acquire the fingerprints of the CER samples. Seventeen characteristic peaks were found in the fingerprints, and eleven of them were identified. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed correlations between the characteristic peaks and the antioxidant activities of the samples. CONCLUSION An HPLC-UV-MS method was developed and validated after a detailed investigation on extraction of chemical compounds from CER using different solvents and extraction times. None of the peaks was correlated with the DPPH free radical scavenging activity or ferric reducing capacity. Most of the peaks were correlated well with the ABTS radical scavenging capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan.,Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001 China
| | - Chun-Pin Kao
- Department of Nursing, Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, Taoyuan, 32544 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ren Liao
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chang Wu
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001 China
| | - Yu-Ling Ho
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, 43302 Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Shiun Chang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan.,Chinese Crude Drug Pharmacy, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
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8
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Chromatographic fingerprinting as a strategy to identify regulated plants in illegal herbal supplements. Talanta 2016; 164:490-502. [PMID: 28107963 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a sexual disorder characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain a sufficiently rigid erection. Despite the availability of non-invasive oral treatment options, many patients turn to herbal alternatives. Furthermore, herbal supplements are increasingly gaining popularity in industrialized countries and, as a consequence, quality control is a highly important issue. Unfortunately, this is not a simple task since plants are often crushed and mixed with other plants, which complicates their identification by usage of classical approaches such as microscopy. The aim of this study was to explore the potential use of chromatographic fingerprinting to identify plants present in herbal preparations intended for the treatment of ED. To achieve this goal, a HPLC-PDA and a HPLC-MS method were developed, using a full factorial experimental design in order to acquire characteristic fingerprints of three plants which are potentially beneficial for treating ED: Epimedium spp., Pausinystalia yohimbe and Tribulus terrestris. The full factorial design demonstrated that for all three plant references a C8 column (250mm×4.6mm; 5µm particle size) is best suited; methanol and an ammonium formate buffer (pH 3) were found to be the best constituents for the mobile phase. The suitability of this strategy was demonstrated by analysing several self-made triturations in three different botanical matrices, which mimic the influential effects that could be expected when analysing herbal supplements. To conclude, this study demonstrates that chromatographic fingerprinting could provide a useful means to identify plants in a complex herbal mixture.
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9
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Gao P, Li J, Li Z, Hao J, Zan L. Establishment and application of milk fingerprint by gel filtration chromatography. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9493-9501. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Xiang X, Shang B, Wang X, Chen Q. PEEK tube-based online solid-phase microextraction-high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of yohimbine in rat plasma and its application in pharmacokinetics study. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27739080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xiang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Hubei China
| | - Bing Shang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Hubei China
- School of Pharmacy; Hubei University of Science and Technology; Xianning China
| | - Xiaozheng Wang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Hubei China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital; Hubei University of Medicine; Hubei China
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11
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Tian Z, Aierken A, Pang H, Du S, Feng M, Ma K, Gao S, Bai G, Ma C. Constituent analysis and quality control of anthocyanin constituents of dried Lycium ruthenicum Murray fruits by HPLC–MS and HPLC–DAD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1179201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aizezijiang Aierken
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Huanhuan Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyue Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangcan Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changhua Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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12
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Chen L, Kotani A, Kusu F, Wang Z, Zhu J, Hakamata H. Quantitative comparison of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and their sulfur-fumigated products by three-channel liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2015; 63:25-32. [PMID: 25743191 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c14-00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the determination of seven caffeoylquinic acids [neochlorogenic acid (NcA), cryptochlorogenic acid (CcA), chlorogenic acid (CA), caffeic acid (CfA), isochlorogenic acid A (Ic A), isochlorogenic acid B (Ic B), isochlorogenic acid C (Ic C)] and two flavonoids [luteolin 7-O-glucoside (LtG) and luteolin (Lt)], a three-channel liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LC-3ECD) method was established. Chromatographic peak heights were proportional to each concentration, ranging from 2.5 to 100 ng/mL for NcA, CA, CcA, and CfA, and ranging from 2.5 to 250 ng/mL for LtG, Ic B, Ic A, Ic C, and Lt, respectively. The present LC-3ECD method was applied to the quantitative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids in four cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers and their sulfur-fumigated products. It was found that 60% of LtG and more than 47% of caffeoylquinic acids were lost during the sulfur fumigation processing. Sulfur fumigation showed a destructive effect on the C. morifolium flowers. In addition, principle component analyses (PCA) were performed using the results of the quantitative analysis of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids to compare the "sameness" and "differences" of these analytes in C. morifolium flowers and the sulfur-fumigated products. PCA score plots showed that the four cultivars of C. morifolium flowers were clearly classified into four groups, and that significant differences were also found between the non-fumigated C. morifolium flowers and the sulfur-fumigated products. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the present LC-3ECD method coupled with PCA is applicable to the variation analysis of different C. morifolium flower samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Japan; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, 16 Dongzhimennei Nanxiaojie, Beijing, China
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13
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Cohen PA, Wang Y, Maller G, DeSouza R, Khan IA. Pharmaceutical quantities of yohimbine found in dietary supplements in the USA. Drug Test Anal 2015; 8:357-69. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter A. Cohen
- Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
- Cambridge Health Alliance Somerville MA
| | - Yan‐Hong Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Mississippi MS 38677 USA
| | | | | | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of PharmacyUniversity of Mississippi MS 38677 USA
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14
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Geng P, Zhang M, Harnly JM, Luthria DL, Chen P. Use of fuzzy chromatography mass spectrometric (FCMS) fingerprinting and chemometric analysis for differentiation of whole-grain and refined wheat (T. aestivum) flour. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:7875-88. [PMID: 26374564 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A fuzzy chromatography mass spectrometric (FCMS) fingerprinting method combined with chemometric analysis has been established for rapid discrimination of whole-grain flour (WF) from refined wheat flour (RF). Bran, germ, endosperm, and WF from three local cultivars or purchased from a grocery store were studied. The state of refinement (whole vs. refined) of wheat flour was differentiated successfully by use of principal-components analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), despite potential confounding introduced by wheat class (red vs. white; hard vs. soft) or resources (different brands). Twelve discriminatory variables were putatively identified. Among these, dihexoside, trihexoside, apigenin glycosides, and citric acid had the highest peak intensity for germ. Variable line plots indicated phospholipids were more abundant in endosperm. Samples of RF and WF from three cultivars (Hard Red, Hard White, and Soft White) were physically mixed to furnish 20, 40, 60, and 80 % WF of each cultivar. SIMCA was able to discriminate between 100 %, 80 %, 60 %, 40 %, and 20 % WF and 100 % RF. Partial least-squares (PLS) regression was used for prediction of RF-to-WF ratios in the mixed samples. When PLS models were used the relative prediction errors for RF-to-WF ratios were less than 6 %. Graphical Abstract Workflow of targeting discriminatory compounds by use of FCMS and chemometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Geng
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Mengliang Zhang
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - James M Harnly
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 161, BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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15
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Chemical compositions, chromatographic fingerprints and antioxidant activities of Andrographis Herba. Molecules 2014; 19:18332-50. [PMID: 25389663 PMCID: PMC6270826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an HPLC-UV-MS method for quantitative determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis Herba and establishment of its chromatographic fingerprint. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection and quantification, inter- and intra-day precisions, repeatability, stability and recovery. All the validation results of quantitative determination and fingerprinting methods were satisfactory. The developed method was then applied to assay the contents of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide and to acquire the fingerprints of all the collected Andrographis Herba samples. Furthermore, similarity analysis and principal component analysis were used to reveal the similarities and differences between the samples on the basis of the characteristic peaks. More importantly, the DPPH free radical-scavenging and ferric reducing capacities of the Andrographis Herba samples were assayed. By bivariate correlation analysis, we found that six compounds are positively correlated to DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing capacities, and four compounds are negatively correlated to DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing capacities.
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Zhou JL, Liu W, Guo ZX, Chen BL. Fingerprint Analysis of Daturae Flos Using Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Combined with Stoichiometry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.896811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Liang Zhou
- a Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control , Hangzhou , China
| | - Wei Liu
- a Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zeng-Xi Guo
- a Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control , Hangzhou , China
| | - Bi-Lian Chen
- a Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control , Hangzhou , China
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of the safety in use of Yohimbe (Pausinystalia yohimbe (K. Schum.) Pierre ex Beille). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Gumustas M, Kurbanoglu S, Uslu B, Ozkan SA. UPLC versus HPLC on Drug Analysis: Advantageous, Applications and Their Validation Parameters. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Liang X, Wu H, Su W. A Rapid UPLC-PAD Fingerprint Analysis of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat Combined with Chemometrics Methods. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Quality assessment of Panax notoginseng flowers based on fingerprinting using high-performance liquid chromatography–PDA. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1070-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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