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Cavalcante JS, de Almeida DEG, Santos-Filho NA, Sartim MA, de Almeida Baldo A, Brasileiro L, Albuquerque PL, Oliveira SS, Sachett JAG, Monteiro WM, Ferreira RS. Crosstalk of Inflammation and Coagulation in Bothrops Snakebite Envenoming: Endogenous Signaling Pathways and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11508. [PMID: 37511277 PMCID: PMC10380640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming represents a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Considering the elevated number of accidents and high morbidity and mortality rates, the World Health Organization reclassified this disease to category A of neglected diseases. In Latin America, Bothrops genus snakes are mainly responsible for snakebites in humans, whose pathophysiology is characterized by local and systemic inflammatory and degradative processes, triggering prothrombotic and hemorrhagic events, which lead to various complications, organ damage, tissue loss, amputations, and death. The activation of the multicellular blood system, hemostatic alterations, and activation of the inflammatory response are all well-documented in Bothrops envenomings. However, the interface between inflammation and coagulation is still a neglected issue in the toxinology field. Thromboinflammatory pathways can play a significant role in some of the major complications of snakebite envenoming, such as stroke, venous thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury. In addition to exacerbating inflammation and cell interactions that trigger vaso-occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion processes, and, eventually, organic damage and necrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in modulating coagulation and inducing platelet and leukocyte activation, as well as the inflammatory production mediators and induction of innate immune responses, among other mechanisms that are altered by Bothrops venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton S Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Emanuel Garcia de Almeida
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Agronomic Sciences School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norival A Santos-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Araraquara 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Laboratory of Bioprospection, University Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Almeida Baldo
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisele Brasileiro
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Polianna L Albuquerque
- Toxicological Information and Assistance Center, Instituto Doutor Jose Frota Hospital, Fortaleza 60025-061, Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60430-140, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sâmella S Oliveira
- Research Management, Hospital Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-001, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Translational Science and Development of Biopharmaceuticals FAPESP/CEVAP-UNESP, Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
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Echeverría SM, Van de Velde AC, Luque DE, Cardozo CM, Kraemer S, Gauna Pereira MDC, Gay CC. Platelet aggregation inhibitors from Bothrops alternatus snake venom. Toxicon 2023; 223:107014. [PMID: 36610603 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and peptides that can activate/inhibit platelet aggregation. Bothrops alternatus venom include three main families: metalloproteinases (SVMPs), serinoproteinases (SVSPs) and phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), among other minor components. In this work, we used inhibitor cocktails (containing Na2-EDTA, PMSF and/or pBPB) to investigate the effect of these three families and of baltergin (a PIII SVMP) on platelet aggregation by a turbidmetric method using a microplate reader. Cocktails 1 (active SVMPs) and 2 (active PLA2s) significantly reduced aggregation induced by ristocetin and collagen and by collagen and thrombin, respectively. Cocktail 3 (active SVSPs) showed a mild activation of aggregation, indicating the content of thrombin-like enzymes (TLEs) in this venom is low. Cocktail 4 (active minor components) displayed inhibitory effect with all agonists assayed (ristocetin, ADP, collagen and thrombin) but at higher IC50 values. Baltergin exhibited inhibitory effect when the catalytic domain was active for ristocetin-stimulated platelet aggregation and showed a non-enzymatic mechanism of inhibition when collagen was used as agonist. It was not able to disaggregate platelet thrombus. We conclude that B. alternatus venom is a source of natural inhibitors of platelet aggregation due to the action of SVMPs and PLA2s. Other minor components such as C-type lectins likely contribute to the antiplatelet effect. The interest in knowing the action of venom components on platelet function lies both in the understanding of the pathophysiology of snake bite envenomation and in their biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina M Echeverría
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Andrea C Van de Velde
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Daiana E Luque
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Cristhian M Cardozo
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Simón Kraemer
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - María Del Carmen Gauna Pereira
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Claudia C Gay
- Institute of Basic and Applied Chemistry of Northeast Argentina (IQUIBA-NEA), National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, National University of the Northeast (CONICET-UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina; Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences and Surveying, National University of the Northeast (FaCENA, UNNE), Corrientes, Argentina.
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BmooMPα-I, a Metalloproteinase Isolated from Bothrops moojeni Venom, Reduces Blood Pressure, Reverses Left Ventricular Remodeling and Improves Cardiac Electrical Conduction in Rats with Renovascular Hypertension. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110766. [PMID: 36356016 PMCID: PMC9697896 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BmooMPα-I has kininogenase activity, cleaving kininogen releasing bradykinin and can hydrolyze angiotensin I at post-proline and aspartic acid positions, generating an inactive peptide. We evaluated the antihypertensive activity of BmooMPα-I in a model of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C). Wistar rats were divided into groups: Sham, who underwent sham surgery, and 2K1C, who suffered stenosis of the right renal artery. In the second week of hypertension, we started treatment (Vehicle, BmooMPα-I and Losartan) for two weeks. We performed an electrocardiogram and blood and heart collection in the fourth week of hypertension. The 2K1C BmooMPα-I showed a reduction in blood pressure (systolic pressure: 131 ± 2 mmHg; diastolic pressure: 84 ± 2 mmHg versus 174 ± 3 mmHg; 97 ± 4 mmHg, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05), improvement in electrocardiographic parameters (Heart Rate: 297 ± 4 bpm; QRS: 42 ± 0.1 ms; QT: 92 ± 1 ms versus 332 ± 6 bpm; 48 ± 0.2 ms; 122 ± 1 ms, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05), without changing the hematological profile (platelets: 758 ± 67; leukocytes: 3980 ± 326 versus 758 ± 75; 4400 ± 800, 2K1C Vehicle, p > 0.05), with reversal of hypertrophy (left ventricular area: 12.1 ± 0.3; left ventricle wall thickness: 2.5 ± 0.2; septum wall thickness: 2.3 ± 0.06 versus 10.5 ± 0.3; 2.7 ± 0.2; 2.5 ± 0.04, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05) and fibrosis (3.9 ± 0.2 versus 7.4 ± 0.7, 2K1C Vehicle, p < 0.05). We concluded that BmooMPα-I improved blood pressure levels and cardiac remodeling, having a cardioprotective effect.
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Frihling BEF, Boleti APDA, de Oliveira CFR, Sanches SC, Cardoso PHDO, Verbisck N, Macedo MLR, Rita PHS, Carvalho CME, Migliolo L. Purification, Characterization and Evaluation of the Antitumoral Activity of a Phospholipase A2 from the Snake Bothrops moojeni. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060724. [PMID: 35745643 PMCID: PMC9230114 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nature presents a wide range of biomolecules with pharmacological potential, including venomous animal proteins. Among the protein components from snake venoms, phospholipases (PLA2) are of great importance for the development of new anticancer compounds. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the PLA2 anticancer properties from Bothrops moojeni venom. The crude venom was purified through three chromatographic steps, monitored by enzymatic activity and SDS-PAGE (12%). The purified PLA2 denominated BmPLA2 had its molecular mass and N-terminal sequence identified by mass spectrometry and Edman degradation, respectively. BmPLA2 was assayed against human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2), human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (RD) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung (NCI-H292), using human fibroblast cells (MRC-5) and microglia cells (BV-2) as a cytotoxicity control. BmPLA2 presented 13,836 Da and a 24 amino acid-residue homologue with snake PLA2, which showed a 90% similarity with other Bothrops moojeni PLA2. BmPLA2 displayed an IC50 of 0.6 µM against Caco-2, and demonstrated a selectivity index of 1.85 (compared to MRC-5) and 6.33 (compared to BV-2), supporting its selectivity for cancer cells. In conclusion, we describe a new acidic phospholipase, which showed antitumor activity and is a potential candidate in the development of new biotechnological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno Emanuel Farias Frihling
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (B.E.F.F.); (A.P.d.A.B.); (S.C.S.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Ana Paula de Araújo Boleti
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (B.E.F.F.); (A.P.d.A.B.); (S.C.S.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Caio Fernando Ramalho de Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79603-011, MS, Brazil; (C.F.R.d.O.); (M.L.R.M.)
| | - Simone Camargo Sanches
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (B.E.F.F.); (A.P.d.A.B.); (S.C.S.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (B.E.F.F.); (A.P.d.A.B.); (S.C.S.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | | | - Maria Lígia Rodrigues Macedo
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande 79603-011, MS, Brazil; (C.F.R.d.O.); (M.L.R.M.)
| | - Paula Helena Santa Rita
- Biotério e Serpentário, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, MS, Brazil;
| | - Cristiano Marcelo Espinola Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (B.E.F.F.); (A.P.d.A.B.); (S.C.S.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.M.E.C.)
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, MS, Brazil; (B.E.F.F.); (A.P.d.A.B.); (S.C.S.); (P.H.d.O.C.); (C.M.E.C.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Kalita B, Saviola AJ, Samuel SP, Mukherjee AK. State-of-the-art review - A review on snake venom-derived antithrombotics: Potential therapeutics for COVID-19-associated thrombosis? Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1040-1057. [PMID: 34656540 PMCID: PMC8514616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent responsible for the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has infected over 185 million individuals across 200 countries since December 2019 resulting in 4.0 million deaths. While COVID-19 is primarily associated with respiratory illnesses, an increasing number of clinical reports indicate that severely ill patients often develop thrombotic complications that are associated with increased mortality. As a consequence, treatment strategies that target COVID-associated thrombosis are of utmost clinical importance. An array of pharmacologically active compounds from natural products exhibit effects on blood coagulation pathways, and have generated interest for their potential therapeutic applications towards thrombotic diseases. In particular, a number of snake venom compounds exhibit high specificity on different blood coagulation factors and represent excellent tools that could be utilized to treat thrombosis. The aim of this review is to provide a brief summary of the current understanding of COVID-19 associated thrombosis, and highlight several snake venom compounds that could be utilized as antithrombotic agents to target this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargab Kalita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; National Centre for Cell Science, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stephen P Samuel
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital King's Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lynn, Norfolk PE30 4ET, UK
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India.
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Larréché S, Chippaux JP, Chevillard L, Mathé S, Résière D, Siguret V, Mégarbane B. Bleeding and Thrombosis: Insights into Pathophysiology of Bothrops Venom-Related Hemostasis Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179643. [PMID: 34502548 PMCID: PMC8431793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxins from Bothrops venoms targeting hemostasis are responsible for a broad range of clinical and biological syndromes including local and systemic bleeding, incoagulability, thrombotic microangiopathy and macrothrombosis. Beyond hemostais disorders, toxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of edema and in most complications such as hypovolemia, cardiovascular collapse, acute kidney injury, myonecrosis, compartmental syndrome and superinfection. These toxins can be classified as enzymatic proteins (snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases, phospholipases A2 and L-amino acid oxidases) and non-enzymatic proteins (desintegrins and C-type lectin proteins). Bleeding is due to a multifocal toxicity targeting vessels, platelets and coagulation factors. Vessel damage due to the degradation of basement membrane and the subsequent disruption of endothelial cell integrity under hydrostatic pressure and tangential shear stress is primarily responsible for bleeding. Hemorrhage is promoted by thrombocytopenia, platelet hypoaggregation, consumption coagulopathy and fibrin(ogen)olysis. Onset of thrombotic microangiopathy is probably due to the switch of endothelium to a prothrombotic phenotype with overexpression of tissue factor and other pro-aggregating biomarkers in association with activation of platelets and coagulation. Thrombosis involving large-caliber vessels in B. lanceolatus envenomation remains a unique entity, which exact pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Larréché
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Bégin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, IRD, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- CRT, Pasteur Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Lucie Chevillard
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Simon Mathé
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Dabor Résière
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Critical Care Department, University Hospital of Martinique, Fort de France, 97200 Martinique, France;
| | - Virginie Siguret
- INSERM, UMRS-1140, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France;
- Laboratory of Hematology, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- INSERM, UMRS-1144, Paris University, 75006 Paris, France; (S.L.); (L.C.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, 75010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)-143-985-299
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7
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Simões-Silva R, Alfonso JJ, Gómez AF, Sobrinho JC, Kayano AM, de Medeiros DSS, Teles CBG, Quintero A, Fuly AL, Gómez CV, Pereira SS, da Silva SL, Stábeli RG, Soares AM. Synergism of in vitro plasmodicidal activity of phospholipase A2 isoforms isolated from panamanian Bothrops asper venom. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 346:109581. [PMID: 34302801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops asper is one of the most important snake species in Central America, mainly because of its medical importance in countries like Ecuador, Panama and Costa Rica, where this species causes a high number of snakebite accidents. Several basic phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) have been previously characterized from B. asper venom, but few studies have been carried out with its acidic isoforms. In addition, since snake venom is a rich source of bioactive substances, it is necessary to investigate the biotechnological potential of its components. In this context, this study aimed to carry out the biochemical characterization of PLA2 isoforms isolated from B. asper venom and to evaluate the antiparasitic potential of these toxins. The venom and key fractions were subjected to different chromatographic steps, obtaining nine PLA2s, four acidic ones (BaspAc-I, BaspAc-II, BaspAc-III and BaspAc-IV) and five basic ones (BaspB-I, BaspB-II, BaspB-III, BaspB-IV and BaspB-V). The isoelectric points of the acidic PLA2s were also determined, which presented values ranging between 4.5 and 5. The findings indicated the isolation of five unpublished isoforms, four Asp49-PLA, corresponding to the group of acidic isoforms, and one Lys49-PLA2-like. Acidic PLA2s catalyzed the degradation of all substrates evaluated; however, for the basic PLA2s, there was a preference for phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidic acid. The antiparasitic potential of the toxins was evaluated, and the acidic PLA2s demonstrated action against the epimastigote forms of T. cruzi and promastigote forms of L. infantum, while the basic PLA2s BaspB-II and BaspB-IV showed activity against P. falciparum. The results indicated an increase of up to 10 times in antiplasmodial activity, when the Asp49-PLA2 and Lys49-PLA2 were associated with one another, denoting synergistic action between these PLA2 isoforms. These findings correspond to the first report of synergistic antiplasmodial action for svPLA2s, demonstrating that these molecules may be important targets in the search for new antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Simões-Silva
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia, IFRO, Campus Vilhena, Vilhena, RO, Brazil
| | - Jorge Javier Alfonso
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Ana F Gómez
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Juliana C Sobrinho
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Anderson M Kayano
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, CEPEM-SESAU/RO, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Daniel S S de Medeiros
- Plataforma de Bioensaios em Malária e Leishmanioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Carolina B G Teles
- Plataforma de Bioensaios em Malária e Leishmanioses, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAmO), Brazil
| | - Aristides Quintero
- Centro de Informaciones e Investigaciones Toxicológicas y Químicas Aplicadas (CEIITOXQUIA) and Departamento de Química, FCNYE, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, UNACHI, David, Panama
| | - André L Fuly
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celeste Vega Gómez
- Centro Para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica (CEDIC), Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Soraya S Pereira
- Laboratório de Engenharia de Anticorpos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Saulo L da Silva
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Azuay, Ecuador; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo G Stábeli
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Plataforma Bi-institucional de Medicina Translacional. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Andreimar M Soares
- Centro de Estudos de Biomoléculas Aplicadas à Saúde, CEBio, Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Proteínas e Compostos Bioativos da Amazônia Ocidental, LaBioProt, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Unidade Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Epidemiologia da Amazônia Ocidental (INCT-EpiAmO), Brazil; Centro Universitário São Lucas, UniSL, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
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Snake Venom Components: Tools and Cures to Target Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082223. [PMID: 33921462 PMCID: PMC8070158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered as a major cause of death worldwide. Therefore, identifying and developing therapeutic strategies to treat and reduce the prevalence of CVDs is a major medical challenge. Several drugs used for the treatment of CVDs, such as captopril, emerged from natural products, namely snake venoms. These venoms are complex mixtures of bioactive molecules, which, among other physiological networks, target the cardiovascular system, leading to them being considered in the development and design of new drugs. In this review, we describe some snake venom molecules targeting the cardiovascular system such as phospholipase A2 (PLA2), natriuretic peptides (NPs), bradykinin-potentiating peptides (BPPs), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs), disintegrins, fibrinolytic enzymes, and three-finger toxins (3FTXs). In addition, their molecular targets, and mechanisms of action—vasorelaxation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, cardioprotective activities—are discussed. The dissection of their biological effects at the molecular scale give insights for the development of future snake venom-derived drugs.
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Ontogenetic study of Bothrops jararacussu venom composition reveals distinct profiles. Toxicon 2020; 186:67-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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10
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Antibiofilm Activity of Acidic Phospholipase Isoform Isolated from Bothrops erythromelas Snake Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090606. [PMID: 32962193 PMCID: PMC7551604 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bacterial resistance is a worldwide public health problem, requiring new therapeutic options. An alternative approach to this problem is the use of animal toxins isolated from snake venom, such as phospholipases A2 (PLA2), which have important antimicrobial activities. Bothropserythromelas is one of the snake species in the northeast of Brazil that attracts great medical-scientific interest. Here, we aimed to purify and characterize a PLA2 from B. erythromelas, searching for heterologous activities against bacterial biofilms. Methods: Venom extraction and quantification were followed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in C18 column, matrix-assisted ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry, and sequencing by Edman degradation. All experiments were monitored by specific activity using a 4-nitro-3-(octanoyloxy) benzoic acid (4N3OBA) substrate. In addition, hemolytic tests and antibacterial tests including action against Escherichiacoli, Staphylococcusaureus, and Acinetobacterbaumannii were carried out. Moreover, tests of antibiofilm action against A. baumannii were also performed. Results: PLA2, after one purification step, presented 31 N-terminal amino acid residues and a molecular weight of 13.6564 Da, with enzymatic activity confirmed in 0.06 µM concentration. Antibacterial activity against S. aureus (IC50 = 30.2 µM) and antibiofilm activity against A. baumannii (IC50 = 1.1 µM) were observed. Conclusions: This is the first time that PLA2 purified from B. erythromelas venom has appeared as an alternative candidate in studies of new antibacterial medicines.
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11
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Mamede CCN, de Sousa Simamoto BB, da Cunha Pereira DF, de Oliveira Costa J, Ribeiro MSM, de Oliveira F. Edema, hyperalgesia and myonecrosis induced by Brazilian bothropic venoms: overview of the last decade. Toxicon 2020; 187:10-18. [PMID: 32846146 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Snakebite accidents are considered serious public health problems. They are often neglected, and individuals who have received insufficient treatment are subjected to various disabling alterations. Snake venoms are secretions composed of biologically active molecules capable of triggering local and systemic effects in envenomation victims. Bothropic snakes are responsible for most of the ophidian accidents in Brazil; their venoms are mainly related to local manifestations, due to a composition that is especially rich in proteases and phospholipases A2. The most common local damages are inflammation, with consequent cellular activation and release of inflammatory mediators, hemorrhage, edema, pain and (myo)necrosis, which may lead to amputation of the affected areas. Antivenom therapy is the main treatment for snakebites. However, the efficiency is mainly due to the neutralization of the toxins responsible for the systemic alterations. Thus, the local damages can evolve to markedly compromise the tissue. The complexity of these local effects associated with the toxicity of the snake venom components of the genus Bothrops, arouse interest in the study of the biochemical and pathophysiological mechanisms involved with the actions caused by toxins of the venom. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the edematogenic, hyperalgesic and myotoxic effects caused by Brazilian bothropic venoms in order to contribute to the study and elucidation of the mechanisms of action of its components and, consequently, enable discoveries of more effective combined therapies in the treatment of local damages resulting from envenoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Júnia de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM), Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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12
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13
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Péterfi O, Boda F, Szabó Z, Ferencz E, Bába L. Hypotensive Snake Venom Components-A Mini-Review. Molecules 2019; 24:E2778. [PMID: 31370142 PMCID: PMC6695636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is considered a major public health issue due to its high prevalence and subsequent risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Thus, the search for new antihypertensive compounds remains of great interest. Snake venoms provide an abundant source of lead molecules that affect the cardiovascular system, which makes them prominent from a pharmaceutical perspective. Such snake venom components include bradykinin potentiating peptides (proline-rich oligopeptides), natriuretic peptides, phospholipases A2, serine-proteases and vascular endothelial growth factors. Some heparin binding hypotensive factors, three-finger toxins and 5' nucleotidases can also exert blood pressure lowering activity. Great advances have been made during the last decade regarding the understanding of the mechanism of action of these hypotensive proteins. Bradykinin potentiating peptides exert their action primarily by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and increasing the effect of endogenous bradykinin. Snake venom phospholipases A2 are capable of reducing blood pressure through the production of arachidonic acid, a precursor of cyclooxygenase metabolites (prostaglandins or prostacyclin). Other snake venom proteins mimic the effects of endogenous kallikrein, natriuretic peptides or vascular endothelial growth factors. The aim of this work was to review the current state of knowledge regarding snake venom components with potential antihypertensive activity and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Péterfi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Francisc Boda
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania.
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Specialty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - Elek Ferencz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
| | - László Bába
- Department of Specialty Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No. 38, 540139 Tirgu Mures, Romania
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Russo RR, dos Santos Júnior NN, Cintra ACO, Figueiredo LTM, Sampaio SV, Aquino VH. Expression, purification and virucidal activity of two recombinant isoforms of phospholipase A2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1159-1171. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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Dias EHV, Pereira DFC, de Sousa BB, Matias MS, de Queiroz MR, Santiago FM, Silva ACA, Dantas NO, Santos-Filho NA, de Oliveira F. In vitro tracking of phospholipase A 2 from snake venom conjugated with magic-sized quantum dots. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:461-468. [PMID: 30385337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipases A2 represent a family of enzymes with important application in medicine. However, direct tracking is difficult due to the absence of a stable, effective and specific marker for these enzymes. Magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs) are inorganic semiconducting nanocrystals with unique physical properties. They have the ability to conjugate to proteins, making them excellent markers for biological systems. In this work, we labelled phospholipase A2 from Bothrops alternatus snake venom with Cadmium selenide (CdSe)/cadmium sulphate (CdS) MSQDs-a biocompatible and luminescent probe-. Bioconjugation was confirmed using infrared spectra and fluorescence microscopy, which demonstrated that the CdSe/CdS MSQDs interact with phospholipase A2 without interfering with its activity. This probe may be an important tool for the elucidation of many biological mechanisms, because it allows the pathway of phospholipase A2 to be tracked from its entry through the plasma membrane until its incorporation into the nucleus of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edigar H V Dias
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Déborah F C Pereira
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna B de Sousa
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Matias
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara R de Queiroz
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Santiago
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Anielle C A Silva
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Noelio O Dantas
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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16
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Almeida JR, Palacios ALV, Patiño RSP, Mendes B, Teixeira CAS, Gomes P, da Silva SL. Harnessing snake venom phospholipases A 2 to novel approaches for overcoming antibiotic resistance. Drug Dev Res 2018; 80:68-85. [PMID: 30255943 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance drives an essential race against time to reveal new molecular structures capable of addressing this alarming global health problem. Snake venoms are natural catalogs of multifunctional toxins and privileged frameworks, which serve as potential templates for the inspiration of novel treatment strategies for combating antibiotic resistant bacteria. Phospholipases A2 (PLA2 s) are one of the main classes of antibacterial biomolecules, with recognized therapeutic value, found in these valuable secretions. Recently, a number of biomimetic oligopeptides based on small fragments of primary structure from PLA2 toxins has emerged as a meaningful opportunity to overcome multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Thus, this review will highlight the biochemical and structural properties of antibacterial PLA2 s and peptides thereof, as well as their possible molecular mechanisms of action and key roles in development of effective therapeutic strategies. Chemical strategies possibly useful to convert antibacterial peptides from PLA2 s to efficient drugs will be equally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Mendes
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Cátia A S Teixeira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Saulo L da Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias Química, Universidad de Cuenca - Cuenca/Azuay - Ecuador
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17
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Borges IP, Silva MF, Santiago FM, de Faria LS, Júnior ÁF, da Silva RJ, Costa MS, de Freitas V, Yoneyama KAG, Ferro EAV, Lopes DS, Rodrigues RS, de Melo Rodrigues V. Antiparasitic effects induced by polyclonal IgY antibodies anti-phospholipase A2 from Bothrops pauloensis venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:333-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Rashidi R, Gorji Valokola M, Kamrani Rad SZ, Etemad L, Roohbakhsh A. Antiplatelet properties of snake venoms: a mini review. TOXIN REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2018.1474927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rogayyeh Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gorji Valokola
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zohreh Kamrani Rad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Oliveira A, Bleicher L, Schrago CG, Silva Junior FP. Conservation analysis and decomposition of residue correlation networks in the phospholipase A2 superfamily (PLA2s): Insights into the structure-function relationships of snake venom toxins. Toxicon 2018; 146:50-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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20
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Sobrinho JC, Kayano AM, Simões-Silva R, Alfonso JJ, Gomez AF, Gomez MCV, Zanchi FB, Moura LA, Souza VR, Fuly AL, de Oliveira E, da Silva SL, Almeida JR, Zuliani JP, Soares AM. Anti-platelet aggregation activity of two novel acidic Asp49-phospholipases A2 from Bothrops brazili snake venom. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1014-1022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tracing the evolution of venom phospholipases A 2 in Gloydius strauchii and related pitvipers: A tale of two acidic isozymes. Toxicon 2017; 141:65-72. [PMID: 29191388 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Two acidic Asp49-PLA2s with Glu6 substitution and a neutral Lys49-PLA (designated Gst-K49) were cloned from G. strauchii venom glands, their full amino acid sequences were deduced. The predominant acidic PLA2 (designated Gst-E6a) contains 124 residues and the M18W30 substitutions, while the minor acidic PLA2 (designated Gst-E6b) contains 122 residues and the V18A30 substitutions. Their sequences are most similar to those of the respective orthologous PLA2s of G. intermedius venom. Gst-E6a and Gst-E6b appear to be paralogs and possibly have different predatory targets or functions. The LC-MS/MS results indicate the presence of only three PLA2 gene products in the crude venom, the relative expression levels were in the order of Gst-E6a ≫ Gst-E6b > Gst-K49, as confirmed by qPCR results. In contrast to other Gloydius, G. strauchii venom does not contain neurotoxic or basic anticoagulant Asp49-PLA2s, but Gst-K49 is the first Lys49-PLA2 identified in Gloydius venoms. However, its venom content is relatively low and its pI value 7.3 is much lower than those of other Lys49-PLA2s and. The Lys49-PLA2 genes appear to regress in the venom of most of Gloydius and related rattlesnake, and this evolutionary regression occurred before the dispersal of Asian pitvipers to the New World.
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan M. Akef
- National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals (NORCB), Giza, Egypt
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23
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Melo LL, Mendes MM, Alves LM, Isabel TF, Vieira SA, Gimenes SN, Soares AM, Rodrigues VM, Izidoro LF. Cross-reactivity and inhibition myotoxic effects induced by Bothrops snake venoms using specific polyclonal anti -BnSP7 antibodies. Biologicals 2017; 50:109-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Isolation and Functional Characterization of an Acidic Myotoxic Phospholipase A₂ from Colombian Bothrops asper Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110342. [PMID: 29072602 PMCID: PMC5705957 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myotoxic phospholipases A₂ (PLA₂) are responsible for many clinical manifestations in envenomation by Bothrops snakes. A new myotoxic acidic Asp49 PLA₂ (BaCol PLA₂) was isolated from Colombian Bothrops asper venom using reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). BaCol PLA₂ had a molecular mass of 14,180.69 Da (by mass spectrometry) and an isoelectric point of 4.4. The complete amino acid sequence was obtained by cDNA cloning (GenBank accession No. MF319968) and revealed a mature product of 124 amino acids with Asp at position 49. BaCol PLA₂ showed structural homology with other acidic PLA₂ isolated from Bothrops venoms, including a non-myotoxic PLA₂ from Costa Rican B. asper. In vitro studies showed cell membrane damage without exposure of phosphatidylserine, an early apoptosis hallmark. BaCol PLA₂ had high indirect hemolytic activity and moderate anticoagulant action. In mice, BaCol PLA₂ caused marked edema and myotoxicity, the latter seen as an increase in plasma creatine kinase and histological damage to gastrocnemius muscle fibers that included vacuolization and hyalinization necrosis of the sarcoplasm.
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de Queiroz MR, de Sousa BB, da Cunha Pereira DF, Mamede CCN, Matias MS, de Morais NCG, de Oliveira Costa J, de Oliveira F. The role of platelets in hemostasis and the effects of snake venom toxins on platelet function. Toxicon 2017; 133:33-47. [PMID: 28435120 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The human body has a set of physiological processes, known as hemostasis, which keeps the blood fluid and free of clots in normal vessels; in the case of vascular injury, this process induces the local formation of a hemostatic plug, preventing hemorrhage. The hemostatic system in humans presents complex physiological interactions that involve platelets, plasma proteins, endothelial and subendothelial structures. Disequilibrium in the regulatory mechanisms that control the growth and the size of the thrombus is one of the factors that favors the development of diseases related to vascular disorders such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which are among the leading causes of death in the western world. Interfering with platelet function is a strategy for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. Antiplatelet drugs are used mainly in cases related to arterial thrombosis and interfere in the formation of the platelet plug by different mechanisms. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is the oldest and most widely used antithrombotic drug. Although highly effective in most cases, aspirin has limitations compared to other drugs used in the treatment of homeostatic disorders. For this reason, research related to molecules that interfere with platelet aggregation are of great relevance. In this regard, snake venoms are known to contain a number of molecules that interfere with hemostasis, including platelet function. The mechanisms by which snake venom components inhibit or activate platelet aggregation are varied and can be used as tools for the diagnosis and the treatment of several hemostatic disorders. The aim of this review is to present the role of platelets in hemostasis and the mechanisms by which snake venom toxins interfere with platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ribeiro de Queiroz
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barbosa de Sousa
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Cristine Neves Mamede
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Matias
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Júnia de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Lys49 myotoxin from the Brazilian lancehead pit viper elicits pain through regulated ATP release. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2524-E2532. [PMID: 28265084 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615484114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain-producing animal venoms contain evolutionarily honed toxins that can be exploited to study and manipulate somatosensory and nociceptive signaling pathways. From a functional screen, we have identified a secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-like protein, BomoTx, from the Brazilian lancehead pit viper (Bothrops moojeni). BomoTx is closely related to a group of Lys49 myotoxins that have been shown to promote ATP release from myotubes through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that BomoTx excites a cohort of sensory neurons via ATP release and consequent activation of P2X2 and/or P2X3 purinergic receptors. We provide pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence to support pannexin hemichannels as downstream mediators of toxin-evoked ATP release. At the behavioral level, BomoTx elicits nonneurogenic inflammatory pain, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia, of which the latter is completely dependent on purinergic signaling. Thus, we reveal a role of regulated endogenous nucleotide release in nociception and provide a detailed mechanism of a pain-inducing Lys49 myotoxin from Bothrops species, which are responsible for the majority of snake-related deaths and injuries in Latin America.
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Divergent functional profiles of acidic and basic phospholipases A2 in the venom of the snake Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii. Toxicon 2016; 119:289-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Almeida J, Resende L, Silva A, Ribeiro R, Stábeli R, Soares A, Calderon L, Marangoni S, Da Silva S. Biochemical and functional studies of ColTx-I, a new myotoxic phospholipase A2 isolated from Crotalus oreganus lutosus (Great Basin rattlesnake) snake venom. Toxicon 2016; 117:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Menaldo DL, Jacob-Ferreira AL, Bernardes CP, Cintra ACO, Sampaio SV. Purification procedure for the isolation of a P-I metalloprotease and an acidic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops atrox snake venom. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2015; 21:28. [PMID: 26273288 PMCID: PMC4535780 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-015-0027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snake venoms are complex mixtures of inorganic and organic components, mainly proteins and peptides. Standardization of methods for isolating bioactive molecules from snake venoms is extremely difficult due to the complex and highly variable composition of venoms, which can be influenced by factors such as age and geographic location of the specimen. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize a simple purification methodology for obtaining a P-I class metalloprotease (MP) and an acidic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from Bothrops atrox venom, and biochemically characterize these molecules to enable future functional studies. Methods To obtain the toxins of interest, a method has been standardized using consecutive isolation steps. The purity level of the molecules was confirmed by RP-HPLC and SDS-PAGE. The enzymes were characterized by determining their molecular masses, isoelectric points, specific functional activity and partial amino acid sequencing. Results The metalloprotease presented molecular mass of 22.9 kDa and pI 7.4, with hemorrhagic and fibrin(ogen)olytic activities, and its partial amino acid sequence revealed high similarity with other P-I class metalloproteases. These results suggest that the isolated metalloprotease is Batroxase, a P-I metalloprotease previously described by our research group. The phospholipase A2 showed molecular mass of 13.7 kDa and pI 6.5, with high phospholipase activity and similarity to other acidic PLA2s from snake venoms. These data suggest that the acidic PLA2 is a novel enzyme from B. atrox venom, being denominated BatroxPLA2. Conclusions The present study successfully standardized a simple methodology to isolate the metalloprotease Batroxase and the acidic PLA2 BatroxPLA2 from the venom of B. atrox, consisting mainly of classical chromatographic processes. These two enzymes will be used in future studies to evaluate their effects on the complement system and the inflammatory process, in addition to the thrombolytic potential of the metalloprotease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo L Menaldo
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Anna L Jacob-Ferreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Carolina P Bernardes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Adélia C O Cintra
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
| | - Suely V Sampaio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903 Brasil
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Novak Zobiole N, Caon T, Wildgrube Bertol J, Pereira CADS, Okubo BM, Moreno SE, Cardozo FTGDS. In vitro and in vivo genotoxic evaluation of Bothrops moojeni snake venom. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:930-934. [PMID: 25430737 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.950385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bothrops moojeni Hoge (Viperidae) venom is a complex mixture of compounds with therapeutic potential that has been included in the research and development of new drugs. Along with the biological activity, the pharmaceutical applicability of this venom depends on its toxicological profile. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the Bothrops moojeni venom (BMV). MATERIAL AND METHODS The in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a pooled sample of BMV was assessed by the MTT and Comet assay, respectively. Genotoxicity was also evaluated in vivo through the micronucleus assay. RESULTS BMV displayed a 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) on Vero cells of 4.09 µg/mL. Vero cells treated with 4 µg/mL for 90 min and 6 h presented significant (p < 0.05, ANOVA/Newman-Keuls test) higher DNA damage than the negative control in the Comet assay. The lower DNA damage found after 6 h compared with the 90 min treatment suggests a DNA repair effect. Mice intraperitoneally treated with BMV at 10, 30, or 80 µg/animal presented significant genotoxicity (p < 0.05, ANOVA/Newman-Keuls test) in relation to the negative control after 24 h of treatment. Contrary to the in vitro results, no DNA repair seemed to occur in vivo up to 96 h post-venom inoculation at a dose of 30 µg/animal. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results show that BMV presents cyto- and genotoxicity depending on the concentration/dose used. These findings emphasize the importance of toxicological studies, including assessment of genotoxicity, in the biological activity research of BMV and/or in the development of BMV-derived products.
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da Silva RMM, Coimbra JSDR, da Silva CA, da Costa AR, da Rocha RA, Giménez ARM, Santos IJB. Green extraction by aqueous two-phase systems of porcine pancreatic and snake venom phospholipase A2. Sep Purif Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Dutta S, Gogoi D, Mukherjee AK. Anticoagulant mechanism and platelet deaggregation property of a non-cytotoxic, acidic phospholipase A2 purified from Indian cobra (Naja naja) venom: inhibition of anticoagulant activity by low molecular weight heparin. Biochimie 2015; 110:93-106. [PMID: 25576831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, anticoagulant and platelet modulating activities of an acidic phospholipase A2 (NnPLA2-I) purified from Indian cobra Naja naja venom was investigated. The NnPLA2-I displayed a mass of 15.2 kDa and 14,186.0 Da when analyzed by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF-MS, respectively. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of the NnPLA2-I showed its significant similarity with phospholipase A2 enzymes purified from cobra venom. BLAST analysis of one tryptic peptide sequence of NnPLA2-I demonstrated putative conserved domains of the PLA2-like superfamily. The Km and Vmax values of NnPLA2-I toward hydrolysis of its most preferred substrate-phosphotidylcholine (PC)-were determined to be 0.72 mM and 29.3 μmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. The anticoagulant activity of NnPLA2-I was found to be higher than the anticoagulant activity of heparin/AT-III or warfarin. The histidine modifying reagent, monovalent and polyvalent antivenom differentially inhibited the catalytic and anticoagulant activities of NnPLA2-I. Low molecular weight heparin did not inhibit the catalytic and platelet deaggregation activity of NnPLA2-I, albeit its anticoagulant activity was significantly reduced. The NnPLA2-I showed a non-enzymatic, mixed inhibition of thrombin with a Ki value of 9.3 nM. Heparin significantly decreased, with an IC50 value of 15.23 mIU, the thrombin inhibitory activity of NnPLA2-I. The NnPLA2-I uniquely increased the amidolytic activity of FXa without influencing its prothrombin activating property. NnPLA2-I showed dose-dependent deaggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and inhibited the collagen and thrombin-induced aggregation of PRP. However, deaggregation of washed platelets by NnPLA2-I demonstrated in presence of PC or platelet poor plasma. Alkylation of histidine residue of NnPLA2-I resulted in 95% and 21% reduction of its platelet deaggregation and platelet binding properties, respectively. NnPLA2-I did not show cytotoxicity against human glioblastoma U87MG cells, bactericidal or hemolytic activity. The future therapeutic application of NnPLA2-I for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders is therefore suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Dutta
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Debananda Gogoi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Microbial Biotechnology and Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India.
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Alkylation of histidine residues of Bothrops jararacussu venom proteins and isolated phospholipases A2: a biotechnological tool to improve the production of antibodies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:981923. [PMID: 24901004 PMCID: PMC4034654 DOI: 10.1155/2014/981923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Crude venom of Bothrops jararacussu and isolated phospholipases A2 (PLA2) of this toxin (BthTX-I and BthTX-II) were chemically modified (alkylation) by p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) in order to study antibody production capacity in function of the structure-function relationship of these substances (crude venom and PLA2 native and alkylated). BthTX-II showed enzymatic activity, while BthTX-I did not. Alkylation reduced BthTX-II activity by 50% while this process abolished the catalytic and myotoxic activities of BthTX-I, while reducing its edema-inducing activity by about 50%. Antibody production against the native and alkylated forms of BthTX-I and -II and the cross-reactivity of antibodies to native and alkylated toxins did not show any apparent differences and these observations were reinforced by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) data. Histopathological analysis of mouse gastrocnemius muscle sections after injection of PBS, BthTX-I, BthTX-II, or both myotoxins previously incubated with neutralizing antibody showed inhibition of the toxin-induced myotoxicity. These results reveal that the chemical modification of the phospholipases A2 (PLA2) diminished their toxicity but did not alter their antigenicity. This observation indicates that the modified PLA2 may provide a biotechnological tool to attenuate the toxicity of the crude venom, by improving the production of antibodies and decreasing the local toxic effects of this poisonous substance in animals used to produce antivenom.
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Purification and biochemical characterization of three myotoxins from Bothrops mattogrossensis snake venom with toxicity against Leishmania and tumor cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:195356. [PMID: 24724078 PMCID: PMC3958778 DOI: 10.1155/2014/195356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops mattogrossensis snake is widely distributed throughout eastern South America and is responsible for snakebites in this region. This paper reports the purification and biochemical characterization of three new phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), one of which is presumably an enzymatically active Asp49 and two are very likely enzymatically inactive Lys49 PLA2 homologues. The purification was obtained after two chromatographic steps on ion exchange and reverse phase column. The 2D SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the proteins have pI values around 10, are each made of a single chain, and have molecular masses near 13 kDa, which was confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The N-terminal similarity analysis of the sequences showed that the proteins are highly homologous with other Lys49 and Asp49 PLA2s from Bothrops species. The PLA2s isolated were named BmatTX-I (Lys49 PLA2-like), BmatTX-II (Lys49 PLA2-like), and BmatTX-III (Asp49 PLA2). The PLA2s induced cytokine release from mouse neutrophils and showed cytotoxicity towards JURKAT (leukemia T) and SK-BR-3 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines and promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The structural and functional elucidation of snake venoms components may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of these proteins during envenomation and their potential pharmacological and therapeutic applications.
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A novel phospholipase A2 (D49) from the venom of the Crotalus oreganus abyssus (North American Grand canyon rattlesnake). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:654170. [PMID: 24707493 PMCID: PMC3953673 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Currently, Crotalus viridis was divided into two species: Crotalus viridis and Crotalus oreganus. The current classification divides "the old" Crotalus viridis into two new and independent species: Crotalus viridis (subspecies: viridis and nuntius) and Crotalus oreganus (subspecies: abyssus, lutosus, concolor, oreganus, helleri, cerberus, and caliginis). The analysis of a product from cDNA (E6d), derived from the gland of a specie Crotalus viridis viridis, was found to produce an acid phospholipase A2. In this study we isolated and characterized a PLA2 (D49) from Crotalus oreganus abyssus venom. Our studies show that the PLA2 produced from the cDNA of Crotalus viridis viridis (named E6d) is exactly the same PLA2 primary sequence of amino acids isolated from the venom of Crotalus oreganus abyssus. Thus, the PLA2 from E6d cDNA is actually the same PLA2 presented in the venom of Crotalus oreganus abyssus and does not correspond to the venom from Crotalus viridis viridis. These facts highlight the importance of performing more studies on subspecies of Crotalus oreganus and Crotalus viridis, since the old classification may have led to mixed results or mistaken data.
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Ferreira FB, Gomes MSR, Naves de Souza DL, Gimenes SNC, Castanheira LE, Borges MH, Rodrigues RS, Yoneyama KAG, Homsi Brandeburgo MI, Rodrigues VM. Molecular cloning and pharmacological properties of an acidic PLA2 from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. Toxins (Basel) 2013; 5:2403-19. [PMID: 24304676 PMCID: PMC3873693 DOI: 10.3390/toxins5122403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we describe the molecular cloning and pharmacological properties of an acidic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) isolated from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom. This enzyme, denominated BpPLA(2)-TXI, was purified by four chromatographic steps and represents 2.4% of the total snake venom protein content. BpPLA(2)-TXI is a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 13.6 kDa, as demonstrated by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis and its theoretical isoelectric point was 4.98. BpPLA(2)-TXI was catalytically active and showed some pharmacological effects such as inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by collagen or ADP and also induced edema and myotoxicity. BpPLA(2)-TXI displayed low cytotoxicity on TG-180 (CCRF S 180 II) and Ovarian Carcinoma (OVCAR-3), whereas no cytotoxicity was found in regard to MEF (Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast) and Sarcoma 180 (TIB-66). The N-terminal sequence of forty-eight amino acid residues was determined by Edman degradation. In addition, the complete primary structure of 122 amino acids was deduced by cDNA from the total RNA of the venom gland using specific primers, and it was significantly similar to other acidic D49 PLA(2)s. The phylogenetic analyses showed that BpPLA(2)-TXI forms a group with other acidic D49 PLA(2)s from the gender Bothrops, which are characterized by a catalytic activity associated with anti-platelet effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Barbosa Ferreira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
| | - Mário Sérgio Rocha Gomes
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Physical, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), 45506-210 Jequié-BA, Brazil
| | - Dayane Lorena Naves de Souza
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
| | - Sarah Natalie Cirilo Gimenes
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
| | - Letícia Eulalio Castanheira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
| | | | - Renata Santos Rodrigues
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
| | - Kelly Aparecida Geraldo Yoneyama
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
| | - Maria Inês Homsi Brandeburgo
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
| | - Veridiana M. Rodrigues
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, UFU, 38400902 Uberlândia-MG, Brazil; E-Mails: (F.B.F.); (M.S.R.G.); (D.L.N.S.); (S.N.C.G.); (L.E.C.); (R.S.R.); (K.A.G.Y.); (M.I.H.B.)
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Van der Laat M, Fernández J, Durban J, Villalobos E, Camacho E, Calvete JJ, Lomonte B. Amino acid sequence and biological characterization of BlatPLA2, a non-toxic acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of the arboreal snake Bothriechis lateralis from Costa Rica. Toxicon 2013; 73:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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