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Franz AH, Samoshina NM, Samoshin VV. A convenient method for the relative and absolute quantification of lipid components in liposomes by 1H- and 31P NMR-spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 261:105395. [PMID: 38615786 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liposomes are promising delivery systems for pharmaceutical applications and have been used in medicine in the recent past. Preparation of liposomes requires reliable characterization and quantification of the phospholipid components for which the traditional cumbersome molybdate method is used frequently. The objective was to improve relative and absolute quantification of lipid components from liposomes. METHODS A reliable method for quantification of lipid composition in liposome formulations in the 1-10 μmol range with 1H- and 31P NMR spectroscopy at 600 MHz has been developed. The method is based on three crystalline small-molecule standards (Ph3PO4, (Tol)3PO4, and Ph3PO) in CDCl3. RESULTS Excellent calibration linearity and chemical stability of the standards was observed. The method was tested in blind fashion on liposomes containing POPC, PEG-ceramide and a pH-sensitive trans-aminocyclohexanol-based amphiphile (TACH).1 Relative quantification (percentage of components) as well as determination of absolute lipid amount was possible with excellent reproducibility with an average error of 5%. Quantification (triplicate) was accomplished in 15 min based on 1H NMR and in 1 h based on 31P NMR. Very little change in mixture composition was observed over multiple preparative steps. CONCLUSION Liposome preparations containing POPC, POPE, DOPC, DPPC, TACH, and PEG-ceramide can be reliably characterized and quantified by 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy at 600 MHz in the μmol range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Franz
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | - Nataliya M Samoshina
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Vyacheslav V Samoshin
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Pacific, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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2
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Sun L, Fan Y, Wang Q, Xiang L, Han H, Chen D. Validated quantitative 31P NMR spectroscopy for positional isomeric impurity determination in L-α-glycerylphosphorylcholine (L-α-GPC). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115067. [PMID: 36179504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study a quantitative 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectroscopy method was described to determine positional isomeric impurity β-GPC in commercial products of L-α-GPC. The samples were dissolved in D2O and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) was selected as an internal calibrant. The measurements were performed on a Bruker 500 MHz spectrometer and the spectra were recorded under optimized process conditions. A good linear relationship was constructed for β-GPC in the range of 62.7-528.0 µg·mL-1, i.e. 0.03-0.25 % (w/w %, in relative to L-α-GPC) with a correlative coefficient of 0.9996. The limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were 62.7 µg·mL-1 and 20.9 µg·mL-1 with signal to noise of 3 and 10, respectively. The spiked recoveries were in the range of 98.17-99.78 % with the relative standard deviation (RSD %) less than 1.0 %. Therefore, it could be supposed that the 31P NMR was a promising alternative method for sensitive determination of β-GPC for strict quality control of L-α-GPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Xiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyun Han
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Maki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University
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Ruiz-Muelle AB, Moreno PG, Fernández I. Quantitative quadrupolar NMR (qQNMR) using nitrogen-14 for the determination of choline in complex matrixes. Talanta 2021; 230:122344. [PMID: 33934793 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
NMR offers the unique potential to selectively excite the chosen nuclei avoiding in an extraordinary way the matrix effect. Quantitative Nitrogen-14 NMR (14N qNMR) spectroscopy has been introduced for the first time as a robust and validated method to determine choline in a variety of matrixes including quinoa grains, instant coffee and food supplements. A study about the ion pairing of choline bitartrate in aqueous solution by means of diffusion PGSE, NOESY and HOESY NMR have been also provided. Validation of the method within eight concentrations levels (from 1.58 to 79.0 mM) afforded a limit of detection of 400 μg/mL (1.58 mM), a quantification limit of 1000 μg/mL (3.95 mM), excellent linearity (R2 higher than 0.999), intra-/inter-day precisions lower than 1.24% (CV), recoveries of 93.5%-102.5%, and complete absence of matrix effect. The fast and reliable quantification of choline together with the accuracy and simplicity of this new approach make it useful in the development of analytical procedures that could dramatically affect traditional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Ruiz-Muelle
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Paula García Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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5
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Maki H, Tachibana T, Jung Eun S, Mizuhata M. Estimation of solid-liquid interfacial potential enabled by quantitative analysis and relaxation observation of quadrupolar NMR. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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A Thermolabile Phospholipase B from Talaromyces marneffei GD-0079: Biochemical Characterization and Structure Dynamics Study. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020231. [PMID: 32033124 PMCID: PMC7072546 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase B (EC 3.1.1.5) are a distinctive group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids esterified at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions forming free fatty acids and lysophospholipids. The structural information and catalytic mechanism of phospholipase B are still not clear. Herein, we reported a putative phospholipase B (TmPLB1) from Talaromyces marneffei GD-0079 synthesized by genome mining library. The gene (TmPlb1) was expressed and the TmPLB1 was purified using E. coli shuffle T7 expression system. The putative TmPLB1 was purified by affinity chromatography with a yield of 13.5%. The TmPLB1 showed optimum activity at 35 °C and pH 7.0. The TmPLB1 showed enzymatic activity using Lecithin (soybean > 98% pure), and the hydrolysis of TmPLB1 by 31P NMR showed phosphatidylcholine (PC) as a major phospholipid along with lyso-phospholipids (1-LPC and 2-LPC) and some minor phospholipids. The molecular modeling studies indicate that its active site pocket contains Ser125, Asp183 and His215 as the catalytic triad. The structure dynamics and simulations results explained the conformational changes associated with different environmental conditions. This is the first report on biochemical characterization and structure dynamics of TmPLB1 enzyme. The present study could be helpful to utilize TmPLB1 in food industry for the determination of food components containing phosphorus. Additionally, such enzyme could also be useful in Industry for the modifications of phospholipids.
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7
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Determination of etidronic acid in vegetable-washing water by a simple and validated quantitative 31P nuclear magnetic resonance method. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Automated multicomponent phospholipid analysis using 31P NMR spectroscopy: example of vegetable lecithin and krill oil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7891-7900. [PMID: 30349990 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is widely applied in the field of metabolomics due to its quantitative nature and the reproducibility of data generated. However, one of the main challenges in routine NMR analysis is to obtain valuable information from large datasets of raw data in a high-throughput, automatic, and reproducible manner. In this study, a method to automatically annotate and quantify 12 phospholipids (PLs) in vegetable lecithin (soy, sunflower, rape) and krill oil is introduced. Automated routines were written in MATLAB environment for quantification of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), diphosphatidylglycerol or cardiolipin (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in lecithin and of PC, PC-ether, LPC, PE, N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine (APE), and LPE in krill oil matrix. The routine includes NMR spectra import, extraction of data points, peaking of local minima and local maxima in the data, integration, quantitation against internal standard, reporting of results as Word file, and their importing in our internal database. Our extensive studies on a representative set of more than 1000 lecithin (soy, rape, sunflower) and krill samples showed that the routine can automatically and accurately calculate the concentrations of all PLs. No systematic or proportional differences between automated and manual evaluation were detected. The developed automated program produces accurate results and requires less than 5 s for each analysis. This tool is already used in high-throughput PL analysis of krill and lecithin and will be adjusted to other matrices (egg, milk, chocolate, etc.) as well.
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Aguilera-Sáez LM, Belmonte-Sánchez JR, Romero-González R, Martínez Vidal JL, Arrebola FJ, Garrido Frenich A, Fernández I. Pushing the frontiers: boron-11 NMR as a method for quantitative boron analysis and its application to determine boric acid in commercial biocides. Analyst 2018; 143:4707-4714. [PMID: 30183032 DOI: 10.1039/c8an00505b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative boron-11 NMR (11B qNMR) spectroscopy has been introduced for the first time as a method to determine boric acid content in commercial biocides. Validation of the method affords a limit of detection of 0.02% w/w and a limit of quantification of 0.04% w/w, which are low enough to determine boric acid in commercial biocides. Other figures of merit such as linearity (R2 > 0.99), recovery (93.6%-106.2%), intra- and inter-day precision (from 0.7 to 2.0%), uncertainty (3.7 to 4.4%) and matrix effects were also evaluated. This method was successfully applied to determine boric acid in five different commercial biocides in a wide range of concentrations (<0.05 to 10% w/w) providing excellent results when they were compared with those obtained using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The suitability of this method for a fast and reliable quantification of boric acid in commercial biocide preparations has been demonstrated. The absence of the matrix effect allows the application of this validated method for the determination of boric acid in other matrices of diverse composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Aguilera-Sáez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento, s/n, 04120, Almería, Spain.
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Ali AH, Zou X, Abed SM, Korma SA, Jin Q, Wang X. Natural phospholipids: Occurrence, biosynthesis, separation, identification, and beneficial health aspects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 59:253-275. [PMID: 28820277 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1363714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, phospholipids (PLs) have attracted great attention because of their crucial roles in providing nutritional values, technological and medical applications. There are considerable proofs that PLs have unique nutritional benefits on human health, such as reducing cholesterol absorption, improving liver functions, and decreasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. PLs are the main structural lipid components of cell and organelle membranes in all living organisms, and therefore, they occur in all organisms and the derived food products. PLs are distinguished by the presence of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, consequently they possess amphiphilic features. Due to their unique characteristics, the extraction, separation, and identification of PLs are critical issues to be concerned. This review is focused on the content of PLs classes in several sources (including milk, vegetable oils, egg yolk, and mitochondria). As well, it highlights PLs biosynthesis, and the methodologies applied for PLs extraction and separation, such as solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction. In addition, the determination and quantification of PLs classes by using thin layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmoneim H Ali
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China.,b Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Sherif M Abed
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China.,c Food and Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Science , El Arish University , El Arish , Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China.,b Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi , Jiangsu , PR China
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11
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Cansell M, Bardeau T, Morvan E, Grélard A, Buré C, Subra-Paternault P. Phospholipid Profiles of Oleaginous Pressed Cakes Using NMR and Gas Chromatography. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-3022-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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12
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Maki H, Sakata G, Mizuhata M. Quantitative NMR of quadrupolar nucleus as a novel analytical method: hydrolysis behaviour analysis of aluminum ion. Analyst 2017; 142:1790-1799. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Maki
- Center for Environmental Management
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
| | - Genki Sakata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Minoru Mizuhata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
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The use of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with on-line detection in the study of drug retention within liposomal nanocarriers and drug transfer kinetics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 124:157-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hinna AH, Hupfeld S, Kuntsche J, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M. Mechanism and kinetics of the loss of poorly soluble drugs from liposomal carriers studied by a novel flow field-flow fractionation-based drug release-/transfer-assay. J Control Release 2016; 232:228-37. [PMID: 27112112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes represent a versatile drug formulation approach e.g. for improving the water-solubility of poorly soluble drugs but also to achieve drug targeting and controlled release. For the latter applications it is essential that the drug remains associated with the liposomal carrier during transit in the vascular bed. A range of in vitro test methods has been suggested over the years for prediction of the release of drug from liposomal carriers. The majority of these fail to give a realistic prediction for poorly water-soluble drugs due to the intrinsic tendency of such compounds to remain associated with liposome bilayers even upon extensive dilution. Upon i.v. injection, in contrast, rapid drug loss often occurs due to drug transfer from the liposomal carriers to endogenous lipophilic sinks such as lipoproteins, plasma proteins or membranes of red blood cells and endothelial cells. Here we report on the application of a recently introduced in vitro predictive drug transfer assay based on incubation of the liposomal drug carrier with large multilamellar liposomes, the latter serving as a biomimetic model sink, using flow field-flow fractionation as a tool to separate the two types of liposomes. By quantifying the amount of drug remaining associated with the liposomal drug carrier as well as that transferred to the acceptor liposomes at distinct times of incubation, both the kinetics of drug transfer and release to the water phase could be established for the model drug p-THPP (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)21H,23H-porphine). p-THPP is structurally similar to temoporfin, a photosensitizer which is under clinical evaluation in a liposomal formulation. Mechanistic insights were gained by varying the donor-to-acceptor lipid mass ratio, size and lamellarity of the liposomes. Drug transfer kinetics from one liposome to another was found rate determining as compared to redistribution from the outermost to the inner concentric bilayers, such that the overall process could be adequately described by a single 1st order kinetic model. By varying the donor-to-acceptor lipid mass ratio in the range 1:1 to 1:10, a correlation was established between donor-to-acceptor-lipid mass ratio and transfer kinetics, which is regarded essential for scaling to physiological lipid mass ratios. By applying the assay to a series of structurally related model compounds of different bilayer affinity, transfer and release kinetics were established over the whole expected range of liposome bilayer associated drugs in terms of water solubility and lipophilicity. A very rapid transfer and considerable release from liposomes to the water phase was observed for the more water-soluble compounds Sudan II (clogP 5.45) and Sudan III (clogP 6.83). For the more lipophilic compounds, the rate of transfer from the donor liposomes followed the rank order Sudan IV (fastest)>Oil Red O>Sudan Black>p-THPP (slowest). For an equimolar donor-to-acceptor lipid mass ratio, half-lifes of transfer in the range of 12min (Sudan IV) up to 1.5h (p-THPP) were determined. In essence, the results presented here allow for both, mechanistic insights and predictions of drug loss from liposomal carriers upon exposure to biological sinks, which appear more realistic than the commonly employed in vitro release tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askell Hvid Hinna
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Stefan Hupfeld
- Aker Biomarine Antarctic AS, Oksenøyveien 10, P.O Box 496, NO-1327 Lysaker, Norway; Institute for Energy Technology, Isotope laboratories, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway
| | - Judith Kuntsche
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Annette Bauer-Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandl
- University of Southern Denmark, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark.
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Subra-Paternault P, ThongDeng H, Grélard A, Cansell M. Extraction of phospholipids from scallop by-product using supercritical CO2/alcohol mixtures. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Systems biology strategies to study lipidomes in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2014; 55:43-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Solid phospholipid nano-particles: Investigations into formulation and dissolution properties of griseofulvin. Int J Pharm 2014; 467:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Giraudeau P, Tea I, Remaud GS, Akoka S. Reference and normalization methods: Essential tools for the intercomparison of NMR spectra. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 93:3-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Brinkmann-Trettenes U, Barnert S, Bauer-Brandl A. Single step bottom-up process to generate solid phospholipid nano-particles. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:326-32. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.778875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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