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Chen R, Liu F, Zhang C, Wang W, Yang R, Zhao Y, Peng J, Kong W, Huang J. Trends in digital detection for the quality and safety of herbs using infrared and Raman spectroscopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1128300. [PMID: 37025139 PMCID: PMC10072231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1128300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Herbs have been used as natural remedies for disease treatment, prevention, and health care. Some herbs with functional properties are also used as food or food additives for culinary purposes. The quality and safety inspection of herbs are influenced by various factors, which need to be assessed in each operation across the whole process of herb production. Traditional analysis methods are time-consuming and laborious, without quick response, which limits industry development and digital detection. Considering the efficiency and accuracy, faster, cheaper, and more environment-friendly techniques are highly needed to complement or replace the conventional chemical analysis methods. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy techniques have been applied to the quality control and safety inspection of herbs during the last several decades. In this paper, we generalize the current application using IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques across the whole process, from raw materials to patent herbal products. The challenges and remarks were proposed in the end, which serve as references for improving herb detection based on IR and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Meanwhile, make a path to driving intelligence and automation of herb products factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqin Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chu Zhang
- School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiying Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Peng
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Kong
- College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Simultaneous detection of mixed foodborne pathogens by multi-molecular infrared spectroscopy identification system. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A smart spectral analysis strategy-based UV and FT-IR spectroscopy fingerprint: Application to quality evaluation of compound liquorice tablets. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 202:114172. [PMID: 34082163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on development of a smart spectral analysis strategy for rapid quality evaluation of complex sample. Firstly, the ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were established. Secondly, the second derivative UV spectral was obtained and showed 7 major absorption peaks, which was the projection of the 3D-spectrum profile. It can perform peak matching like chromatogram, thus, helpful for 3D UV spectrum analysis, qualitatively and quantitatively. The qualitative and quantitative similarity results based on systematic quantified fingerprint method displayed basically a consistency with their hierarchical cluster analysis results. Notably, the quality evaluation of the first proposed FT-IR spectral quantized fingerprints and the good correlation of Pm% with PA (R2 = 0.80296), as well as the excellent quantitative prediction model for liquiritin, glycyrrhizinic acid and sodium benzoate all indicated the promising of FT-IR spectral quantized fingerprint in quantitative analysis and QC of compound liquorice tablets. Finally, an integrated evaluate strategy was developed by mean algorithm to reduce the error caused by single technique. 54 samples integrally had a good quality consistency as their quality ranged grade 1-5. This study illustrated that the smart data analysis strategy based on spectral fingerprint has potential to enhance existing methodologies for further rapid and integrated studies evaluating the quality of herbal medicine and its related products.
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Xie J, Pan Q, Li F, Tang Y, Hou S, Xu C. Simultaneous detection of trace adulterants in food based on multi-molecular infrared (MM-IR) spectroscopy. Talanta 2021; 222:121325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Vijayaraj R, Sri Kumaran N, Altaff K, Ramadevi S, Sherlin Rosita A. In Silico Pharmacokinetics and Molecular Docking of Novel Bioactive Compound (11-Methoxy-2-Methyltridecane-4-Ol) for Inhibiting Carbohydrates Hydrolyzing Enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2020.1714478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Vijayaraj
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai-603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Sri Kumaran
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai-603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Altaff
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, AMET University, Chennai-603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Ramadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bonsecours College for Women, Thanjavur-613006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Sherlin Rosita
- Department of Bioinformatics, Bishop Heber College, Trichy-620 017, Tamil Nadu, India
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Assessment of chemical equivalence in herbal materials using chromatographic fingerprints by combination of three similarity indices and three-dimensional kernel density estimation. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1037:220-229. [PMID: 30292296 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An intuitive and practical way to control chemical equivalence of secondary metabolites in herbal materials based on chromatographic fingerprints deserves a thorough discussion, yet it is relatively unexplored. For the first time, we propose a mixture of three similarity indices, the congruence coefficient, the average of the peak area ratios, and the larger value between the maximum peak area ratio and the reciprocal of the minimum peak area ratio, to make up for the weak points of some widely used similarity indices and to evaluate the chemical equivalence of two fingerprints from various perspectives. The three similarity values are fed into a three-dimensional kernel density estimation to determine the quality of herbal materials. This estimation enables precise detection of anomalies in the absence of prior quality determination experience. Forty Atractylodes samples similar in appearance and indiscriminately used for medical purposes were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed approach. After a reference sample was postulated, a quality assessment of the 40 samples was performed using the three similarity values and the estimated kernel density. The samples that were judged by the developed approach to be of good quality were compared with those chosen by the most popular approach using decision criterion of a single similarity index. The benefits of the proposed approach were evident in that the qualified samples had the composition ratio and individual concentrations of multi-components closer to those of the reference in general, and their inter-sample deviation was significantly smaller.
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Graphene nanoplatelets based matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction for phenolic acids by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7496. [PMID: 28790408 PMCID: PMC5548748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid and eco-friendly approach based on matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction (MSPDM) followed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection (UHPLC-ECD) was presented for the microextraction and determination of six phenolic acids in a plant preparation (Danshen tablets). The parameters that influenced the extraction performance of phenolic acids were investigated and optimized. The optimal MSPDM conditions were determined as follows: sorbent, using graphene nanoplatelets with sample/sorbent ratio of 1:1, grinding time set at 60 s, and 0.2 mL of water as elution solvent. Under the optimum conditions, the validation experiments indicated that the proposed method exhibited good linearity (r2 ≥ 0.9991), excellent precision (RSD ≤ 4.57%), and satisfactory recoveries (82.34–98.34%). The limits of detection were from 1.19 to 4.62 ng/mL for six phenolic acids. Compared with other reported methods, this proposal required less sample, solvent and extraction time. Consequently, the proposed method was successfully used to the extraction and determination of phenolic acids in Danshen tablets.
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Zhang X, Wei W, Hu W, Wang X, Yu P, Gan J, Liu Y, Xu C. Accelerated chemotaxonomic discrimination of marine fish surimi based on Tri-step FT-IR spectroscopy and electronic sensory. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xiang L, Wang J, Zhang G, Rong L, Wu H, Sun S, Guo Y, Yang Y, Lu L, Qu L. Analysis and identification of two similar traditional Chinese medicines by using a three-stage infrared spectroscopy: Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica sinensis and their different extracts. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu Y, Li J, Fan G, Sun S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Tu Y. Identification of the traditional Tibetan medicine “Shaji” and their different extracts through tri-step infrared spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pang H, Wu L, Tang Y, Zhou G, Qu C, Duan JA. Chemical Analysis of the Herbal Medicine Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen). Molecules 2016; 21:51. [PMID: 26742026 PMCID: PMC6273254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae et Rhizoma, known as Danshen in China, is one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines. Recently, there has been increasing scientific attention on Danshen for its remarkable bioactivities, such as promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, and clearing away heat. This review summarized the advances in chemical analysis of Danshen and its preparations since 2009. Representative established methods were reviewed, including spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), capillary electrophoresis, electrochemistry, and bioanalysis. Especially the analysis of polysaccharides in Danshen was discussed for the first time. Some proposals were also put forward to benefit quality control of Danshen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqing Pang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Liang Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Cheng Qu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Discrimination and chemical characterization of different Paeonia lactifloras (Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra) by infrared macro-fingerprint analysis-through-separation. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Guo XX, Hu W, Liu Y, Gu DC, Sun SQ, Xu CH, Wang XC. Rapid analysis and quantification of fluorescent brighteners in wheat flour by Tri-step infrared spectroscopy and computer vision technology. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Omar J, Boix A, von Holst C. Differentiation of coccidiostats-containing feed additives by mid and near infrared microscopy. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:1464-74. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1075177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hu W, Guo XX, Wang XC, Zhao Y, Sun SQ, Xu CH, Liu Y. Rapid Discrimination of Different Grades of White Croaker Surimi by Tri-Step Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA). FOOD ANAL METHOD 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-015-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu Y, Hu W, Guo XX, Wang XC, Sun SQ, Xu CH. Rapid discrimination of three marine fish surimi by Tri-step infrared spectroscopy combined with Principle Component Regression. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 149:516-522. [PMID: 25978019 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A Tri-step infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) integrated with second derivative infrared (SD-IR) spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy (2DCOS-IR)) combined with Principal Component Regression (PCR) were employed to characterize and discriminate three marine fish surimi (white croaker surimi (WCS), hairtail surimi (HS) and red coat surimi (RCS)). The three surimi had similar IR macro-fingerprints (similarity>0.7) especially for the absorption bands of amide groups. Compared to the other two surimi, however, RCS had a middle strong characteristic peak of lipids at 1745 cm(-1), indicating that RCS had the highest content of lipids. SD-IR spectra of the three surimi enhanced the spectral resolution and amplified the small differences, especially at about 1682 cm(-1), 1679 cm(-1), 1656 cm(-1) and 1631 cm(-1), suggesting that the three had different profiles of proteins. Moreover, evident differences were observed in 2DCOS-IR spectra of 1500-1800 cm(-1). WCS had one strong (1620 cm(-1)) and three weak auto-peaks (1520 cm(-1), 1552 cm(-1), 1706 cm(-1)). HS had three strong (1621 cm(-1), 1648 cm(-1), 1708 cm(-1)) and two weak auto-peaks (1523 cm(-1), 1553 cm(-1)), whereas RCS had one strong (1623 cm(-1)) and three weak auto-peaks (1525 cm(-1), 1709 cm(-1), 1738 cm(-1)). Furthermore, sixty batches of surimi (twenty for each surimi) were objectively classified by PCR. It was demonstrated that the Tri-step infrared spectroscopy combined with PCR could be applicable for discrimination of precious marine fish surimi in a direct, rapid and holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guo
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Xi-Chang Wang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China
| | - Su-Qin Sun
- Analysis Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Chang-Hua Xu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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Gan JH, Xu CH, Zhu HZ, Mao F, Yang F, Zhou Q, Sun SQ. Analysis and discrimination of ten different sponges by multi-step infrared spectroscopy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang Y, Wang P, Xu C, Yang Y, Li J, Chen T, Li Z, Cui W, Zhou Q, Sun S, Li H. Macro-fingerprint analysis-through-separation of licorice based on FT-IR and 2DCOS-IR. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Zhang FD, Xu CH, Li MY, Huang AM, Sun SQ. Rapid identification of Pterocarpus santalinus and Dalbergia louvelii by FTIR and 2D correlation IR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Analysis and identification of two reconstituted tobacco sheets by three-level infrared spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Xu C, Jia X, Xu R, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Sun S. Rapid discrimination of Herba Cistanches by multi-step infrared macro-fingerprinting combined with soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 114:421-431. [PMID: 23792237 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Herba Cistanche, an important Chinese herbal medicine, has common four species, Cistanche deserticola (CD), Cistanche tubulosa (CT), Cistanche salsa (CS) and Cistanche sinensis (CSN) which have been frequent mixed used. To clarify the sources of Herba Cistanches and ensure the clinical efficacy and safety, a method combing IR macro-fingerprinting with statistical pattern recognition was developed to analyze and discriminate the four species of Herba Cistanche. By comparing FT-IR, second derivative spectral fingerprints via group-peak matching, the similarity to CD and total saccharides (TS) followed an increasing sequence, CT<CSN<CS<CD, whereas that to total glycosides (TG) followed a decreasing order, CT>CSN>CS>CD. Characteristic fingerprints of their 2D-IR correlation spectra in 1750-1000 cm(-1) have confirmed the above findings in a more intuitive way. In terms of sources for phenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs), CT can be an ideal alternative species. However, in terms of using them as a whole, more pharmacological study should be conducted due to the different ratios of their chemical constituents, which is also applicable to CSN and CS. Moreover, the four species (179 samples) has been objectively classified by SIMCA based on IR macro-fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Analysis Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Xu CH, Wang P, Wang Y, Yang Y, Li DH, Li HF, Sun SQ, Wu XZ. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two different combinations of Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction in rats: competing mechanisms between paeoniflorin and glycyrrhetinic acid. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:443-452. [PMID: 23867078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction (SGD), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription, is a combination of Radix Paeoniae Alba (Paeonia lactiflora Pall, root) and Glycyrrhizae uralensis (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., root and rhizome, honeyed) for spasmolysis and emergency pain relief. Paeoniflorin (PF) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) are two typical active components of SGD for pain relief. AIM OF THE STUDY To study comparative pharmacokinetics of ten bioactive compounds in SGDs with two different combinations of RP and GU, and therefore to investigate the herb-herb interaction mechanisms of Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction for better spasmolysis and emergency pain relief in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herbal IR macro-fingerprinting was implemented to provide the full chemical fingerprints of RP, GU and SGD decoctions and to investigate the variation rule of the full chemical profile of SGDs with various combinations of RP and GU. A specifically developed HPLC-MS/MS assay coupled with protein precipitation method was employed to determine the plasma concentrations of the ten analytes. Male Wistar rats were orally administered with SGD1 (RP:GU, 1:1 (w/w)) and SGD2 ((RP:GU, 4:1 (w/w)) equivalent to 9.5 g/kg body weight of GU. RESULTS Full chemical fingerprints of RP, GU and SGDs with various combinations of RP and GU were provided in the form of IR macro-fingerprints. Except for liquiritin, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05 or p<0.01) of these analytes between SGD1 and SGD2 in in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Compared with the results when oral administrated with SGD1, six glycosides (PF, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, isoliquiritin, ononin, and glycyrrhizin) exhibited higher systematic exposure levels (AUC0-t) and slower elimination rates (CL) whereas two glycones (GA and isoliquiritigenin) were the reverse when administrated with SGD2. CONCLUSIONS Increasing the amount of RP attenuated the inhibitory effect of GA via competing being consumed by intestinal bacteria (or β-glucosidase) to reduce the conversion amount of glycyrrhizin to GA and subsequently to afford significantly higher bioavailability and longer efficacy of PF, glycyrrhizin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, isoliquiritin, and ononin, leading to better spasmolysis and emergency pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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