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Yang K, Qiu J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Wang W, Hu H, You Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114759. [PMID: 34678416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (called bei-wuweizi in Chinese, S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (called nan-wuweizi in Chinese, S. sphenanthera) are two highly similar plants in the Magnoliaceae family. Their dried ripe fruits are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coughs, palpitation, spermatorrhea, and insomnia. They also are traditionally used as tonics in Russia, Japan, and Korea. AIM OF THE REVIEW S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are similar in appearance, traditional applications, ingredient compositions, and therapeutic effects. This review, therefore, aims to provide a systematic insight into the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicology of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, and to explore and present the similarities and differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera was collected by using electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and the online ethnobotanical database. RESULTS In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), there were 100 prescriptions containing S. chinensis, while only 11 contained S. sphenanthera. Totally, 306 and 238 compounds have been isolated and identified from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, respectively. Among these compounds, lignans, triterpenoids, essential oils, phenolic acid, flavonoids, phytosterols are the major composition. Through investigation of pharmacological activities, S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have similar therapeutic effects including hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic effect. Besides, S. chinensis turns out to have more effects including reproductive regulation and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitussive and antiasthmatic, anti-fatigue, antiarthritic, and bone remodeling effects. Both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have inhibitory effects on CYP3A and P-gp, which can mediate metabolism or efflux of substrates, and therefore interact with many drugs. CONCLUSIONS S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have great similarities. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are regarded to contribute to most of the bioactivities. Schisandrin A-C, schisandrol A-B, and schisantherin A, existing in both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera but differing in the amount, are the main active components, which may contribute to the similarities and differences. Study corresponding to the traditional use is needed to reveal the deep connotation of the use of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera as traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, a joint study of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera can better show the difference between them, which can provide a reference for clinical application. It is worth mentioning that the inhibition of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera on CYP3A and P-gp may lead to undesirable drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Du C, Yan Y, Shen C, Cui X, Pei X, Qin X. Comparative pharmacokinetics of six major compounds in normal and insomnia rats after oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen aqueous extract. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:385-395. [PMID: 32923013 PMCID: PMC7474130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a traditional Chinese medicine, is used in clinics for the treatment of insomnia in China and other Asian countries. Herein, we described for the first time a comparative pharmacokinetics study of the six major compounds of ZSS in normal control (NC) and para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomnia model (IM) rats that were orally administered the aqueous extract of ZSS. An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of coclaurine, magnoflorine, spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, jujuboside A (JuA), and jujuboside B (JuB) in ZSS in rat plasma. The established approach was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. The systemic exposures of spinosin and 6‴-feruloylspinosin were decreased in the IM group compared to the NC group, while plasma clearance (CL) was significantly increased. The Tmax values of JuA and JuB in IM rats were significantly lower than those in NC rats. The T1/2 of JuA in the IM group was significantly accelerated. The pharmacokinetic parameters of coclaurine and magnoflorine were not evidently affected between the two groups. These results indicate that the pathological state of insomnia altered the plasma pharmacokinetics of spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, JuA, and JuB in the ZSS aqueous extract, providing an experimental basis for the role of ZSS in insomnia treatment. The comparative pharmacokinetics-based UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS using full-scan mode can therefore provide a reliable and suitable means for the screening of potentially effective substances applied as quality markers of ZSS. A UPLC-MS method was validated for assaying 6 major compoundsofZSS in rat plasma. This is the first report on in vivoZSS extractexposure in normal and insomnia rat. The pathological state of insomnia altered rat plasma pharmacokinetic behaviors. The findings might provide a means for screening potentially effective substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Chenxi Shen
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xiaofang Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Xiangping Pei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030619, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
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Onay S, Hofer S, Ganzera M. Rapid analysis of nine lignans in Schisandra chinensis by supercritical fluid chromatography using diode array and mass spectrometric detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 185:113254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Comparative pharmacokinetic study of the components in Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.-Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. herb pair and its single herb between normal and Alzheimer’s disease rats by UPLC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 177:112874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lian-Lin S, Xue C, Xi-Yan D, Chun-Qin M, Tu-Lin L, Min H, Ping L, Sirui Q. Simultaneous quantification of five lignans from Schisandra chinensis in various tissues of rats. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Lian-Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ding Xi-Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mao Chun-Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Tu-Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Min
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Ping
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qin Sirui
- Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Yu B, Sheng D, Tan Q. Determination of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation Huganpian Tablet by RP-HPLC. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:713-716. [PMID: 31006725 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A reverse phase (RP)-HPLC method for separation and determination of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B was presented, using a C18 Bondclone column, with methanol-water (v/v = 68 : 32) as mobile phase at a flow-rate of 1.00 mL·min-1, and UV detection at 220 nm. The tested parameters included mobile phase composition and UV detection wavelength. Good linearities were observed within concentration ranges of Schisandrin A 0.008-4.8 mg·L-1 (r = 0.9996), and Schisandrin B 0.005-3.1 mg·L-1 (r = 0.9994), respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) were 0.005 mg·L-1 Schisandrin A and 0.002 mg·L-1 Schisandrin B, respectively. The method was applied to determine the 2 compounds in a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treatment of hepatic diseases, Huganpian tablet. To eliminate matrix effect, Oasis hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used to purify the ultra-sonicately extracted solution of the drug sample. Combined with the HLB SPE purification procedure, the HPLC method gave satisfactory results for quantitation of Schisandrin A and Schisandrin B in 3 types of Huganpian tablet samples, with spiking recoveries ca. 98% (relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) ≤ 3.5%) (n = 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsheng Yu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School, Lingnan Normal University
| | - Dongdi Sheng
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School, Lingnan Normal University
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School, Lingnan Normal University
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A Rapid UPLC-MS Method for Quantification of Gomisin D in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic and Bioavailability Study. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071403. [PMID: 30974748 PMCID: PMC6479676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gomisin D, a lignan compound isolated from Fructus Schisandra, is a potential antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s agent. Recently, gomisin D was used as a quality marker of some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas. In this study, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method (UPLC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to quantify gomisin D in rat plasma for a pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study. Acetonitrile was used to precipitate plasma proteins. Separations were performed on a BEH C18 column with a gradient mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid). An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in the positive ion mode. The multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) was utilized to quantify gomisin D and nomilin (internal standard, IS) using the transitions of m/z 531.2 → 383.1 and m/z 515.3 → 161.0, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the working range from 1 to 4000 ng/mL (R2 = 0.993). The intra- and interday precision ranged from 1.9% to 12.9%. The extraction recovery of gomisin D was in the range of 79.2–86.3%. The validated UPLC-MS/MS method was then used to obtain the pharmacokinetic characteristics of gomisin D after intravenous (5 mg/kg) and intragastric (50 mg/kg) administration to rats. The bioavailability of gomisin D was 107.6%, indicating that this compound may become a promising intragastrical medication. Our results provided useful information for further preclinical studies on gomisin D.
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Simultaneous quantification of Schisandrin B enantiomers in rat plasma by chiral LC–MS/MS: Application in a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:186-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Extract of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis Inhibits Neuroinflammation Mediator Production from Microglia via NF-κ B and MAPK Pathways. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:131-138. [PMID: 29790065 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-3001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-neuroinflammation effect of extract of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis (EFSC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 cells and the possible involved mechanisms. METHODS Primary cortical neurons were isolated from embryonic (E17-18) cortices of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse fetuses. Primary microglia and astroglia were isolated from the frontal cortices of newborn ICR mouse. Different cells were cultured in specific culture medium. Cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, LPS group (treated with 1 μg/mL LPS only) and EFSC groups (treated with 1 μg/mL LPS and 100, 200 or 400 mg/mL EFSC, respectively). The effect of EFSC on cells viability was tested by methylthiazolyldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. EFSC-mediated inhibition of LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitrite oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were quantified and neuron-protection effect against microglia-mediated inflammation injury was tested by hoechst 33258 apoptosis assay and crystal violet staining assay. The expression of pro-inflammatory marker proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence. RESULTS EFSC (200 and 400 mg/mL) reduced NO, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-induced BV-2 cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05). EFSC (200 and 400 mg/mL) reduced the expression of NO in LPS-induced primary microglia and astroglia (P<0.01). In addition, EFSC alleviated cell apoptosis and inflammation injury in neurons exposed to microglia-conditioned medium (P<0.01). The mechanistic studies indicated EFSC could suppress nuclear factor (NF)-?B phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation (P<0.01). The anti-inflammatory effect of EFSC occurred through suppressed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION EFSC acted as an anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-induced glia cells. These effects might be realized through blocking of NF-κB activity and inhibition of MAPK signaling pathways.
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Recent advances on HPLC/MS in medicinal plant analysis—An update covering 2011–2016. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:211-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gao H, Huang H, Zheng A, Yu N, Li N. Determination of quantitative retention-activity relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and biological effectiveness fingerprints of Salvia miltiorrhiza constituents using biopartitioning and microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1067:10-17. [PMID: 28985481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) constituents using biopartitioning and microemulsion high-performance liquid chromatography (MELC). The quantitative retention-activity relationships (QRARs) of the constituents were established to model their pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and chromatographic retention data, and generate their biological effectiveness fingerprints. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to determine the abundance of the extracted danshen constituents, such as sodium danshensu, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, protocatechuic aldehyde, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA. And another HPLC protocol was established to determine the abundance of those constituents in rat plasma samples. An experimental model was built in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, and calculated the corresponding PK parameterst with 3P97 software package. Thirty-five model drugs were selected to test the PK parameter prediction capacities of the various MELC systems and to optimize the chromatographic protocols. QRARs and generated PK fingerprints were established. The test included water/oil-soluble danshen constituents and the prediction capacity of the regression model was validated. The results showed that the model had good predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoshi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110013, China
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Aini Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Nuojun Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kim SJ, Shin H, Cheon SM, Ko SM, Ham SH, Kwon YD, Lee YB, Cho HY. A sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of three lignans in human plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3430-3439. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajin Shin
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Moon Cheon
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Se-mi Ko
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Ham
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine; Jangheung-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dal Kwon
- Department of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine; Wonkwang University Gwangju Medical Center; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy; Chonnam National University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Hea-Young Cho
- Department of Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy and Institue of Pharmaceutical Sciences; CHA University; Seongnam-si Republic of Korea
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An integrated strategy using UPLC–QTOF-MSE and UPLC–QTOF-MRM (enhanced target) for pharmacokinetics study of wine processed Schisandra Chinensis fructus in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 139:165-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang K, Yan G, Zhang A, Sun H, Wang X. Recent advances in pharmacokinetics approach for herbal medicine. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02369c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), an indispensable part of herbal medicine, has been used for treating many diseases and/or symptoms for thousands of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Guangli Yan
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Hui Sun
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
| | - Xijun Wang
- Sino-America Chinmedomics Technology Collaboration Center
- National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry
- Chinmedomics Research Center of State Administration of TCM
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory
- Laboratory of Metabolomics
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Zhang H, Jiang Y, Wu J, Zheng C, Ran X, Li D, Huang M, Bi H. Metabolic mapping ofSchisandra sphenantheraextract and its active lignans using a metabolomic approach based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 40:574-586. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | | | | | - Dongshun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou China
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Qing-Tian Z, Shu-Tian F, Yi-Ming Y, Pei-Lei X, Jun A. De novo transcriptome assembly of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.). GENOMICS DATA 2016; 10:153-154. [PMID: 27872818 PMCID: PMC5109268 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Schisandra chinensis Turcz. (Baill.), namely "Wuweizi" in China, is a well-known herbal medicine and health food. At present, research focused on the extraction of effective chemical component and function identification. Little known about the secondary metabolism gene pathway of chemical composition. Its fruit color usually red, however, the white fruit color variation has been found. It made us interested in exploring which gene change lead to this result. In order to understand the genetic background of S. chinensis, we performed a transcriptome analysis of S. chinensis, including red fruit and skin of 'Yanhong' cultivar and white fruit and skin of 'Jinwuwei'. We obtained 26.4 GB raw data (NCBI accession number: SSR4449123). De novo transcriptome assembly using Trinity revealed 92,415 transcripts and generated 71,443 unigenes. All unigenes were annotated in database. This study provides transcriptome of S. chinensis, which might be useful for comparative transcriptome analyses and understand gene expression of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qing-Tian
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Fan Shu-Tian
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Yi-Ming
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Pei-Lei
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ai Jun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacokinetic Profile of Some Traditional Chinese Medicines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/7830367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are the oldest and most widely used form of treatment for welfare of mankind. Herbal medicines possess strong reputation as complementary treatment across the globe due to their easy accessibility and safety. Particularly traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) are very popular due to their desirable therapeutic effects. They already have been proven for their remarkable potential in treatment of wide range of disease ailments. The major drawback in using herbal medicines is lack of standardisation aspects due to the complexity of chemical constituents. Pharmacokinetics study of such medicines helps forecast a range of events related to efficacy, safety, and toxicity profile of them. Apart from this, pharmacokinetics studies also recommended by various regulatory agencies during diverse stages of herbal drug development. Thus it is highly essential to have knowledge about the pharmacokinetic properties of any herbal drug. Thus it was thought that it will be worthwhile to compile the pharmacokinetic data of TCM which will be helpful for the researchers involved in further research on TCM. To portray entire picture about absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of some TCM, this well-designed scientific review covers the pharmacokinetic profile of 50 TCM available from 2003 and onwards.
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Zhu H, Zhang L, Wang G, He Z, Zhao Y, Xu Y, Gao Y, Zhang L. Sedative and hypnotic effects of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction from Schisandra chinensis in mice. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:831-838. [PMID: 28911622 PMCID: PMC9337287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lianxue Zhang
- Corresponding author. College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China. E-mail address: (L. Zhang)
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19
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Jiang P, Lu Y, Chen D. Authentication of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera in Chinese patent medicines. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:263-271. [PMID: 27611098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Authentication of species is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines. The fruits of Schisandra chinensis and S. sphenanthera have been used for the same traditional Chinese drug, Wuweizi, but are found to be quite different according to their constituents, pharmacological effects, and qualities. These two fruits have been recorded as Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Wuweizi) and Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus (Nan-wuweizi), respectively, by Chinese Pharmacopoeia, 2000 edition. However, Nan-wuweizi is often found to be taken as Wuweizi in some Chinese patent drugs intentionally or by mistake because of its lower price and similar characteristics to Wuweizi. In this study, the selection and validation of special chemical markers for the identification of Schisandra species were established by HPLC-DAD-MS profiling analysis. Simple TLC and HPLC methods were proposed for the accurate determination of Nan-wuweizi from Wuweizi in Chinese patent medicines, using schisandrin and anwulignan as the identifying markers for Wuweizi and Nan-wuweizi, respectively. Through the establishment of a statistical model, adulterated or misused ratios of Nan-wuweizi in Wuweizi (w/w), as well as in Fenghan Kesou pills, can be determined. The limit of detection of Nan-wuweizi in a mixture (w/w) using both TLC and HPLC methods is 5% (mixed crude drugs of 50mg and 5g in a 1000g prescribed amount). The constructed statistical model relating the HPLC peak area ratio (anwulignan/schisandrin) and adulteration ratio is suitable for mixed crude drugs and Fenghan Kesou pills, and the two fitting equations have a good correlation (r=0.9979). Furthermore, 36 commercial Chinese patent medicines containing Wuweizi or Nan-wuweizi according to their labels were checked by these methods, and Nan-wuweizi was detected in Renshen Wuweizi Granules and Fenghan Kesou Pills. The ratios of Nan-wuweizi in these mixtures (w/w) were 100:0 for both, which does not comply with the statutory prescription. This study provided a simple and reliable method to prevent the adulteration or misuse of Nan-wuweizi in crude drugs and patent medicines of Wuweizi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Daofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
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20
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Development of a matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of five lignans from the Schisandra chinensis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1011:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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A Simple and Convenient Method for Simultaneous Determination of Schizandrol A, Schizandrol B, Schisandrin A, γ-Schisandrin, and Schisandrin C. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/1739879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and specific HPLC method was established for simultaneous determination of five major lignans (Schizandrol A,Schizandrol B,Schisandrin A,γ-Schisandrin, andSchisandrin C) inSchisandra chinensis. The five lignans can be separated completely on Kromasil C18column (250 nm × 4.6 nm) and then detected at 254 nm using methanol (mobile phase A) and water (mobile phase B) with gradient elution as the mobile phase at 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The column temperature was 30°C. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, stability, repeatability, and recovery. Results showed that the method is accurate and reproducible.
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22
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Dong W, Yu S, Deng Y, Pan T. Screening of lignan patterns in Schisandra species using ultrasonic assisted temperature switch ionic liquid microextraction followed by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1008:45-49. [PMID: 26625336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ultrasonic assisted temperature-switch ionic liquid microextraction (UATS-ILME) has been successfully applied in extracting of seven lignans from Schisandra. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4MIM][BF4]) aqueous solution was selected for extracting the target analytes in raw material at 80°C. The lignans were deposited into a single drop by in situ forming 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM][PF6]) by cooling down to 0°C and centrifuging for 10min. The extracts were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in a robust multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode in five minutes. Meanwhile, the proposed method was validated and successfully applied to the determination of seven lignans in twelve Schisandra species. The results indicated that UATS-ILME combined with UPLC-MS/MS is a powerful and practical tool, which has great potential for comprehensive quality control of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China.
| | - Shuijing Yu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Yangwu Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tao Pan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining and Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, PR China
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23
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Wang J, Huang M, Hu H, Yu L, Zeng S. Pregnane X receptor-mediated transcriptional activation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 by natural constituents from foods and herbs. Food Chem 2014; 164:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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24
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Bu W, Chen X, Liu X, Liang Y, Bai X. STUDY ON ACTIVE INGREDIENTS OF LIGNANS FROM SCHISANDRA CHINENSIS BASED ON HOLLOW FIBER LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.853309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Bu
- a School of Pharmacy , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , P. R. China
| | - Xuan Chen
- a School of Pharmacy , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- a School of Pharmacy , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Liang
- a School of Pharmacy , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- a School of Pharmacy , Shanxi Medical University , Taiyuan , P. R. China
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25
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Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Kim CY, Han SY, Chin YW, Choi YH. Simultaneous determination of nine lignans from Schisandra chinensis extract using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry in rat plasma, urine, and gastrointestinal tract samples: application to the pharmacokinetic study of Schisandra chinensis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2851-63. [PMID: 25113775 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The fruit of Schisandra chinensis is a well-known herbal medicine and dietary supplement due to a variety of biological activities including antihepatotoxic and antihyperlipidemic activities. However, the simultaneous validation methodology and pharmacokinetic investigation of nine lignans of S. chinensis extract in biological samples have not been proved yet. Thus, the present study was undertaken to develop the proper sample preparation method and simultaneous analytical method of schisandrol A, gomisin J, schisandrol B, tigloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin H, schisandrin A, schisandrin B, gomisin N, and schisandrin C in the hexane-soluble extract of S. chinensis to apply for the pharmacokinetic study in rats. All intra- and interprecisions of nine lignans were below 13.7% and accuracies were 85.1-115% and it is enough to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters after both intravenous and oral administration of hexane-soluble extract of S. chinensis to rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND team, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, South Korea
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26
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Oh JH, Lee YJ. Sample preparation for liquid chromatographic analysis of phytochemicals in biological fluids. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2014; 25:314-330. [PMID: 24375623 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural products have been used traditionally for the treatment and prevention of diseases for thousands of years and are nowadays consumed as dietary supplements and herbal medicine. To ensure the safe and effective use of these herbal products, information about bioavailability of active compounds in plasma or target tissues should be provided via validated analytical methods combined with appropriate sampling methods. OBJECTIVE To provide comprehensive and abridged information about sample preparation methods for the quantification of phytochemicals in biological samples using liquid chromatography analysis. METHODS Sample pre-treatment procedures used in analytical methods for in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of natural compounds or herbal medicines were reviewed. These were categorised according to the biological matrices (plasma, bile, urine, faeces and tissues) and sample clean-up processes (protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction). RESULTS Although various kinds of sample pre-treatment methods have been developed, liquid-liquid extraction is still widely used and solid-phase extraction is becoming increasingly popular because of its efficiency for extensive clean up of complex matrix samples. However, protein precipitation is still favoured due to its simplicity. CONCLUSION Sample treatment for phytochemical analysis in biological fluids is an indispensable and critical step to obtain high quality results. This step could dominate the overall analytical process because both the duration of the process as well as the reliability of the data depend in large part on its efficiency. Thus, special attention should be given to the choice of a proper sample treatment method that targets analytes and their biomatrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Li X, Zhao X, Xu X, Mao X, Liu Z, Li H, Guo L, Bi K, Jia Y. Schisantherin A recovers Aβ-induced neurodegeneration with cognitive decline in mice. Physiol Behav 2014; 132:10-6. [PMID: 24813830 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Schisantherin A (STA) is a main bioactive lignan isolated from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., which has been widely used as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine for many years. Lots of studies have reported that STA exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This paper was designed to investigate the effects of STA on cognitive function and neurodegeneration in the mouse control of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by Aβ1-42. It was found that successive intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of STA (0.01 and 0.1mg/kg) for 5days significantly attenuated Aβ1-42-induced learning and memory impairment as measured by the Y-maze test, shuttle-box test and Morris water maze test. Furthermore, STA at a dose of 0.1mg/kg restored the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as the levels of Aβ1-42, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) to some extent in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. It also noticeably improved the histopathological changes in the hippocampus. The results suggested that STA might protect against cognitive deficits, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration induced by Aβ1-42, and serve as a potential agent in treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Li
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Mao
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Huan Li
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- The Engineering Laboratory of National and Local Union of Quality Control for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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28
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Wei B, Li Q, Fan R, Su D, Chen X, Jia Y, Bi K. Determination of monoamine and amino acid neurotransmitters and their metabolites in rat brain samples by UFLC-MS/MS for the study of the sedative-hypnotic effects observed during treatment with S. chinensis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 88:416-22. [PMID: 24176746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. has been used as a sedative and hypnotic agent in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. The purpose of this study was to reveal the influence of insomnia on the levels of the neurotransmitters: glutamate (Glu), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites (5-HIAA, DOPAC and HVA), and to study the role of S. chinensis in the treatment of insomnia. To achieve this goal, an efficient, sensitive and selective method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of these five neurotransmitters and their metabolites in rat brain samples using ultra fast liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS). The analysis was performed on a Synergi Fusion-RP 80A ODS column (150mm×2.0mm, 4.0μm) using gradient elution, with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% formic acid in water. The method was validated using rat brain homogenate samples and showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (r(2)>0.99) with a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) at 4-16ngmL(-1). The intra and inter-day assay variability was less than 15% for all analytes. The results indicated that the condition of insomnia elevated GABA, NE, DA, DOPAC and HVA, and reduced 5-HT, 5-HIAA levels in rat brain. The oral administration of S. chinensis (7.5gkg(-1)day(-1), eight days) influenced insomnia by significantly increasing or reducing the levels of the neurotransmitters parameters mentioned above. These results suggested that S. chinensis could alter the levels of these brain neurotransmitters and their metabolites through its sedative-hypnotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Active Components of Chinese Medicine Screening and Evaluation, China
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Kim MS, Shin YJ, Jang J. Antimicrobial Finish of Cotton and Silk Fabrics Dyed with Schizandra chinensis Fruit Extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.12772/tse.2013.50.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Gao F, Hu Y, Fang G, Yang G, Xu Z, Dou L, Chen Z, Fan G. Recent developments in the field of the determination of constituents of TCMs in body fluids of animals and human. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 87:241-60. [PMID: 23642848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) play important role in drug discovery and human health, the actual value of TCMs has not been fully recognized worldwide due to its complex components and uncontrollable quality. For the modernization and globalization of TCMs, it is important to establish selective, sensitive and feasible analytical methods for determination and quantification of bioactive components of TCMs in body fluids primarily due to the low concentration, the complex nature of the biological matrices, and multi-components and their metabolites present in biological fluids. The present review summarizes the current extraction techniques, chromatographic separation and spectroscopic (especially mass spectrometric) analysis methods and new trends on the analysis of bioactive components and metabolites of TCMs in biological fluids. In addition, the importance of establishment of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability profiles and simultaneous determination of multi-active components in TCMs is discussed to provide proper examples of analytical methods for pharmacological and clinical studies of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Metabolite Research, No. 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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