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Modroiu A, Marzullo L, Orlandini S, Gotti R, Hancu G, Furlanetto S. Analytical quality by design-based development of a capillary electrophoresis method for Omeprazole impurity profiling. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116295. [PMID: 38879949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Omeprazole (OME) is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease associated conditions. The current study presents an Analytical Quality by Design-based approach for the development of a CE method for OME impurity profiling. The scouting experiments suggested the selection of solvent modified Micellar ElectroKinetic Chromatography operative mode using a pseudostationary phase composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles and n-butanol as organic modifier in borate buffer. A symmetric three-level screening matrix 37//16 was used to evaluate the effect of Critical Method Parameters, including Background Electrolyte composition and instrumental settings, on Critical Method Attributes (critical resolution values, OME peak width and analysis time). The analytical procedure was optimized using Response Surface Methodology through a Central Composite Orthogonal Design. Risk of failure maps made it possible to define the Method Operable Design Region, within which the following optimized conditions were selected: 72 mM borate buffer pH 10.0, 96 mM SDS, 1.45 %v/v n-butanol, capillary temperature 21 °C, applied voltage 25 kV. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines and robustness was evaluated using a Plackett-Burman design. The developed procedure enables the simultaneous determination of OME and seven related impurities, and has been successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Gh. Marinescu 38, Târgu Mureş 540142, Romania; Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Luca Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy.
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, Bologna 40126, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Gh. Marinescu 38, Târgu Mureş 540142, Romania
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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2
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Wang S, Zhou R, Du K, Shang Y, He J, Li J, Yao Y, Chang YX. Simultaneous Separation and Determination of Nine Active Ingredients in Sanyetangzhiqing by Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Electrophoresis-Diode Array Detector. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2023; 2023:4840457. [PMID: 37476694 PMCID: PMC10356514 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4840457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive strategy using cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode array detector was developed and applied for the simultaneous separation and determination of nine components in Sanyetangzhiqing (SYTZQ), a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic agent. Several important parameters affecting separation performance were evaluated and optimized using single variable methods. Under the optimal conditions, baseline separation of the nine components, including four flavonoids (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin-3-O-glucuronoside, and astragalin), four phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and lithospermic acid), and a monoterpenoids (paeoniflorin), were achieved in less than 16 min. The correlation coefficients of the calibration curves were over 0.9996 for all the analytes. Intraday and interday precisions ranged from 0.4% to 4.8% and 1.7% to 5.0%, respectively. Recoveries of analytes varied from 95.3% to 105%. Validation results as well as the application to analyse SYTZQ samples demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method and thus provided an effective tool for the quality control of SYTZQ. Moreover, with the advantages of short time consuming, low energy consumption, high efficiency, and low cost, this method has laid a foundation for the determination and quality evaluation of multicomponents in Chinese herbal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kunze Du
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ye Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yaqi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yan-xu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Marzullo L, Gotti R, Orlandini S, Slavíčková P, Jireš J, Zapadlo M, Douša M, Nekvapilová P, Řezanka P, Furlanetto S. Analytical Quality by Design-Compliant Development of a Cyclodextrin-Modified Micellar ElectroKinetic Chromatography Method for the Determination of Trimecaine and Its Impurities. Molecules 2023; 28:4747. [PMID: 37375300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2022, the International Council for Harmonisation released draft guidelines Q2(R2) and Q14, intending to specify the development and validation activities that should be carried out during the lifespan of an analytical technique addressed to assess the quality of medicinal products. In the present study, these recommendations were implemented in Capillary Electrophoresis method development for the quality control of a drug product containing trimecaine, by applying Analytical Quality by Design. According to the Analytical Target Profile, the procedure should be able to simultaneously quantify trimecaine and its four impurities, with specified analytical performances. The selected operative mode was Micellar ElectroKinetic Chromatography employing sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles supplemented with dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin, in a phosphate-borate buffer. The Knowledge Space was investigated through a screening matrix encompassing the composition of the background electrolyte and the instrumental settings. The Critical Method Attributes were identified as analysis time, efficiency, and critical resolution values. Response Surface Methodology and Monte Carlo Simulations allowed the definition of the Method Operable Design Region: 21-26 mM phosphate-borate buffer pH 9.50-9.77; 65.0 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate; 0.25-1.29% v/v n-butanol; 21-26 mM dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin; temperature, 22 °C; voltage, 23-29 kV. The method was validated and applied to ampoules drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marzullo
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | - Jakub Jireš
- Zentiva, k.s., 10237 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Pavla Nekvapilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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4
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Horne J, De Bleye C, Lebrun P, Kemik K, Van Laethem T, Sacré PY, Hubert P, Hubert C, Ziemons E. Optimization of silver nanoparticles synthesis by chemical reduction to enhance SERS quantitative performances: Early characterization using the quality by design approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115475. [PMID: 37235958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a vibrational widely used technique thanks to its multiple advantages such as its high specificity and sensitivity. The Raman signal exaltation comes from the use of metallic nanoparticles (Nps) acting as antennas by amplifying the Raman scattering. Controlling the Nps synthesis is a major point for the implementation of SERS in routine analysis and especially in quantitative applications. Effectively, nature, size and shape of these Nps considerably influence the SERS response intensity and repeatability. The Lee-Meisel protocol is the most common synthesis route used by the SERS community due to the low cost, rapidity and ease of manufacturing. However, this process leads to a significant heterogeneity in terms of particle size and shape. In this context, this study aimed to synthesize repeatable and homogeneous silver nanoparticles (AgNps) by chemical reduction. The Quality by Design strategy from quality target product profile to early characterization design was considered to optimize this reaction. The first step of this strategy aimed to highlight critical parameters by the means of an early characterization design. Based on an Ishikawa diagram, five process parameters were studied: the reaction volume as categorical variable and the temperature, the time of reaction, the trisodium citrate concentration and pH as continuous variables. A D-Optimal design of 35 conditions was performed. Three critical quality attributes were selected to maximize the SERS intensity, minimize the variation coefficient on SERS intensities and the polydispersity index of the AgNps. Considering these factors, it appeared that concentration, pH and time of reaction were identified as having a critical impact on the Nps formation and can then be considered for the further optimization step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Horne
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Charlotte De Bleye
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Kevser Kemik
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Laethem
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Yves Sacré
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium
| | - Cédric Hubert
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium
| | - Eric Ziemons
- University of Liege (ULiege), CIRM, ViBra-Sante HUB, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Liege, Belgium
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5
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Boateng ID. Application of Graphical Optimization, Desirability, and Multiple Response Functions in the Extraction of Food Bioactive Compounds. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-023-09339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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6
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Pajaziti B, Andrási M, Anastasova L, Nebija D, Pajaziti B, Petkovska R. Application of experimental design for determination of insulin analogs. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Blerta Pajaziti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Melinda Andrási
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér. 1, 4032 Debrecen,
| | - Liljana Anastasova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia,
| | - Dashnor Nebija
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina, Bulevardi i Dëshmorëve, p.n., 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Blin Pajaziti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Prishtina “Hasan Prishtina, Bulevardi i Dëshmorëve, p.n., 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Rumenka Petkovska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Mother Theresa 47, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
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7
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Orlandini S, Hancu G, Szabó ZI, Modroiu A, Papp LA, Gotti R, Furlanetto S. New Trends in the Quality Control of Enantiomeric Drugs: Quality by Design-Compliant Development of Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Methods. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207058. [PMID: 36296650 PMCID: PMC9607418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a potent method for analyzing chiral substances and is commonly used in the enantioseparation and chiral purity control of pharmaceuticals from different matrices. The adoption of Quality by Design (QbD) concepts in analytical method development, optimization and validation is a widespread trend observed in various analytical approaches including chiral CE. The application of Analytical QbD (AQbD) leads to the development of analytical methods based on sound science combined with risk management, and to a well understood process clarifying the influence of method parameters on the analytical output. The Design of Experiments (DoE) method employing chemometric tools is an essential part of QbD-based method development, allowing for the simultaneous evaluation of experimental parameters as well as their interaction. In 2022 the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) released two draft guidelines (ICH Q14 and ICH Q2(R2)) that are intended to encourage more robust analytical procedures. The ICH Q14 guideline intends to harmonize the scientific approaches for analytical procedures’ development, while the Q2(R2) document covers the validation principles for the use of analytical procedures including the recent applications that require multivariate statistical analyses. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the new prospects for chiral CE method development applied for the enantiomeric purity control of pharmaceuticals using AQbD principles. The review also provides an overview of recent research (2012–2022) on the applicability of CE methods in chiral drug impurity profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Management, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Adriana Modroiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Lajos-Attila Papp
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology “George Emil Palade” of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Roberto Gotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy
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8
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Peng L, Gao X, Wang L, Zhu A, Cai X, Li P, Li W. Design of experiment techniques for the optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions: A review. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:1882-1898. [PMID: 35848309 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Design of experiment (DoE) techniques have been widely used in the field of chromatographic parameters optimization as a valuable tool. A systematic literature review of the available DoE techniques applied to the development of a chromatographic analysis method is presented in this paper. First, the most common available designs and the implementation steps of DoE are comprehensively introduced. Then the studies in recent 10 years for the application of DoE techniques in various chromatographic techniques are discussed, such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Current problems and future outlooks are finally given to provide a certain inspiration of research in the application of DoE techniques to the different chromatographic techniques field. This review contributes to a better understanding of the DoE techniques for the efficient optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions, especially for the analysis of complex systems, such as multicomponent drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Aiqiang Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Langtian Pharmaceutical (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Huangshi, P. R. China
| | - Pian Li
- Langtian Pharmaceutical (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Huangshi, P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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9
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Pavan M, Yamamoto P, Moreira da Silva R, Salgado Junior W, Dos Santos J, Kemp R, Sankarankutty A, de Moraes N, de Gaitani C. Chemometric optimization of salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) combined with LC-MS/MS for the analysis of carvedilol enantiomers in human plasma: Application to clinical pharmacokinetics. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1205:123338. [PMID: 35724550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carvedilol is a commonly used antihypertensive whose oral absorption is limited by low solubility and significant first-pass metabolism. This work aimed to apply chemometrics for the optimization of a salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) combined with LC-MS/MS to analyze carvedilol enantiomers in plasma samples. Method development and validation were driven for application in pharmacokinetic studies. Parameters that influence the efficiency of SALLE were evaluated using a fractional factorial 24-1 design with 4 factors and a central composite design was used to evaluate the optimal extraction condition. Carvedilol enantiomers and the internal standard lidocaine were separated on an Astec® Chirobiotic® V column and a mixture of methanol:ethanol (90:10, v/v) with 0.02% diethylamine and 0.18% acetic acid as mobile phase. The positive ion mode on electrospray ionization was used to monitor the transitions of m/z 407 > 100 and 235 > 86 for carvedilol enantiomers and lidocaine, respectively. Acetonitrile and ammonium acetate solution were selected for sample preparation by SALLE. Surface graphs and the desirability test were used to define the optimized SALLE conditions which resulted in 93% recovery for both carvedilol enantiomers. The method was linear in the range of 0.5 to 100 ng/mL in plasma, with a lower limit of quantification of 0.5 ng/mL. Within-run and between-run precision (as the relative standard deviation) were all < 9.74% and accuracy (as relative error) did not exceed ± 10.30%. Residual effect and matrix effect were not observed. Carvedilol enantiomers were stable in plasma under the storage, preparation, and analysis conditions. The validated method was successfully applied to analyze carvedilol in plasma samples from patients previously submitted to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery treated with a single oral dose of 25 mg racemic-carvedilol. Higher plasma concentrations were observed for (R)-(+)-carvedilol when compared to (S)-(-)-carvedilol in two patients post-bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Pavan
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903, Brazil
| | - Priscila Yamamoto
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moreira da Silva
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903, Brazil
| | - Wilson Salgado Junior
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.048-900, Brazil
| | - José Dos Santos
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.048-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kemp
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.048-900, Brazil
| | - Ajith Sankarankutty
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.048-900, Brazil
| | - Natália de Moraes
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 6550 Sanger Road, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Cristiane de Gaitani
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café s/n, Campus da USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14.040-903, Brazil.
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10
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Multivariate Optimization of Chromatographic Conditions for Rapid Simultaneous Quantification of Antidiarrheal Drugs in Formulation Using Surface Response Methodology. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A combination of antibiotics and antiprotozoal and antisecretory medicines has been prescribed for the treatment of diarrhea. A rapid, reproducible liquid chromatographic procedure was established for the concurrent analysis of metronidazole (MET), ofloxacin (OFL), and racecadotril (RAC) in suspension. The Box–Behnken design, a full factorial multivariate optimization technique, was utilized to optimize chromatographic parameters with fewer runs. The separation of MET, OFL, and RAC was accomplished within 3.2 min, using a Zorbax C18 high-performance liquid chromatography column with a simple mobile phase comprising acetonitrile (55 vol.%): methanol (10 vol.%):20 mM phosphate buffer (35 vol.%, pH 6, regulated with ortho-phosphoric acid). The mobile phase was pumped in the isocratic mode at a rate of 1.4 mL/min at ambient temperature. Analytes were monitored by adjusting the wavelength at 295 nm for MET and OFL and 231 nm for RAC. Validation of the proposed HPLC method exhibited linearity in the concentration of 20–250 µg/mL, 10–150 µg/mL, and 5–80 µg/mL for MET, OFL, and RAC respectively, along with an excellent regression coefficient (r2 > 0.999). The accuracy and precision of the chromatographic procedure were also evidenced by the low percent relative error and relative standard deviation. A Pareto chart developed by the two-factor interaction (2FI) study confirmed that the method was robust, as the slight variation in a single factor had no significant influence on the assay outcomes. Lastly, the developed HPLC process was utilized for the concurrent quantification of MET, OFL, and RAC in liquid oral preparation. Furthermore, when the assay results were compared to the described techniques, it was discovered that there was no significant difference in the accuracy and precision of the results. Hence, the developed rapid HPLC method could be employed for the quality control study of a preparation comprising of MET, OFL, and RAC in industries and regulatory authority laboratories.
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11
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Influence of Organic Solvents and β-cyclodextrins on Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Separation of Five Biogenic Amines and Two B Vitamins. EUROPEAN PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/afpuc-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of organic modifiers—alcohols (methanol, isopropanol), acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran—and β-cyclodextrins in capillary zone electrophoresis were investigated using a test mixture containing five biogenic amines important from the human health point of view—serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and tyramine—and two B vitamins—thiamine and pyridoxine. The simultaneous addition of tetrahydrofuran and isopropanol was found to improve the resolution of determined analytes and enable effective separation of analytes with very similar electromigration characteristics migrating as one peak (dopamine and serotonin). The developed and optimised separation method based on capillary zone electrophoresis and ultraviolet detection was capable to achieve detection limits at the concentration level in the range of 0.15 to 1.25 μg/mL−1. The developed method was also characterised by other favourable validation parameters, such as linearity (r
2 > 0.99), accuracy (82.9–117.8% for the intraday measurements, and 87.6–119.2% for the interday measurements), and precision (intraday relative standard deviation in the range of 0.4–15.5%, interday relative standard deviation in the range of 0.9–18.3%). The method was finally applied to investigate the stability of the analytes in model water matrix samples under various storage conditions.
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12
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Bettazzi F, Orlandini S, Zhang L, Laschi S, Nilsen MM, Krolicka A, Baussant T, Palchetti I. A simple and selective electrochemical magneto-assay for sea lice eDNA detection developed with a Quality by Design approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148111. [PMID: 34119793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a novel, non-invasive sampling procedure that allows the obtaining of genetic material directly from environmental samples without any evidence of biological sources. The eDNA methodology can greatly benefit from coupling it to reliable, portable and cost-effective tools able to perform decentralized measurements directly at the site of need and in resource-limited settings. Herein, we report a simple method for the selective analysis of eDNA using a magneto-assay with electrochemical detection. The proposed method involves the polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) amplification of mitochondrial eDNA of parasitic Salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), extracted from seawater samples. The eDNA sequence was targeted via sandwich hybridization onto magnetic beads and enzymatic labeling was performed to obtain an electroactive product measured by differential pulse voltammetry. Quality by Design (QbD), a recent concept of science- and risk-oriented quality paradigm, was used for the optimization of the different parameters of the assay. Response surface methodology and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to define the method operable design region. The optimized electrochemical magneto-assay attained a limit of detection of 2.9 amol μL-1 of the short synthetic sea louse DNA analogue (43 bp). In addition, robustness testing using a further experimental design approach was performed for monitoring eDNA amplicons. Seawater samples spiked with individuals of free-swimming L. salmonis copepodite stages and seawater collected from tanks with sea lice-infested fish were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bettazzi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Fi, Italy
| | - Serena Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Fi, Italy
| | - Luna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Fi, Italy
| | - Serena Laschi
- "Nanobiosens" Join Lab, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Mari Mæland Nilsen
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental engineering, University of Stavanger, Kristine Bonnevies vei 22, 4021 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Adriana Krolicka
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Thierry Baussant
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre AS, Mekjarvik 12, 4072 Randaberg, Norway
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Fi, Italy; "Nanobiosens" Join Lab, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy.
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13
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Application of Experimental Design Methodologies in the Enantioseparation of Pharmaceuticals by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154681. [PMID: 34361834 PMCID: PMC8348688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chirality is one of the major issues in pharmaceutical research and industry. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an interesting alternative to the more frequently used chromatographic techniques in the enantioseparation of pharmaceuticals, and is used for the determination of enantiomeric ratio, enantiomeric purity, and in pharmacokinetic studies. Traditionally, optimization of CE methods is performed using a univariate one factor at a time (OFAT) approach; however, this strategy does not allow for the evaluation of interactions between experimental factors, which may result in ineffective method development and optimization. In the last two decades, Design of Experiments (DoE) has been frequently employed to better understand the multidimensional effects and interactions of the input factors on the output responses of analytical CE methods. DoE can be divided into two types: screening and optimization designs. Furthermore, using Quality by Design (QbD) methodology to develop CE-based enantioselective techniques is becoming increasingly popular. The review presents the current use of DoE methodologies in CE-based enantioresolution method development and provides an overview of DoE applications in the optimization and validation of CE enantioselective procedures in the last 25 years. Moreover, a critical perspective on how different DoE strategies can aid in the optimization of enantioseparation procedures is presented.
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Cerqueira UMFM, Bezerra MA, Ferreira SLC, de Jesus Araújo R, da Silva BN, Novaes CG. Doehlert design in the optimization of procedures aiming food analysis - A review. Food Chem 2021; 364:130429. [PMID: 34284258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present paper is presented a review on the application of Doehlert design in the optimization of some of the steps of analytical procedures aimed the analysis of food samples. The theoretical principles and the main characteristics of this type of design are described. In addition, the main advantages and limitations of Doehlert design over other designs (Central Composite Design and Box-Behnken) and its application in the area of food analysis are discussed. Finally, to illustrate its potential, some examples of Doehlert design application in other areas of food chemistry without the purpose of analytical determination will be briefly presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos Almeida Bezerra
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Luís Costa Ferreira
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Jesus Araújo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115 Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruno Novaes da Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cleber Galvão Novaes
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190 Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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15
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Multivariate optimization of a goat meat alkaline solubilization procedure using tetramethylammonium hydroxide for metals determination using FAAS. Food Chem 2021; 362:130176. [PMID: 34111692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, multivariate designs were used to optimize an alkaline dissolution, assisted by ultrasound energy, procedure of goat meat using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) aiming to determine Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Zn by flame atomic absorption (FAAS) and emission (FAES) spectrometry. The optimal conditions found for the dissolution were in the following ranges: 0.4-0.5 g for the sample mass, 12-15 min of sonication and using 700-1000 µL of 25% TMAH at a temperature of 50 °C. The obtained limits of quantification varied between 0.221 (Mg) and 7.60 (Ca) μg g-1. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the results obtained by applying the proposed method with the digestion in an acid medium using a digesting block and by analyzing bovine liver certified reference material. The application of a t-test revealed that, at a 95% confidence level, there were no significant differences between the values obtained.
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16
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Perovani IS, Serpellone CO, de Oliveira ARM. An appraisal of experimental designs: Application to enantioselective capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1726-1743. [PMID: 33544902 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enantioresolution processes are vital tools for investigating the enantioselectivities of chiral compounds. An analyst resolves to optimize enantioresolution conditions once they are determined. Generally, optimization is conducted by a one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. Although this approach may determine an adequate condition for the method, it does not often allow the estimation of the real optimum condition. Experimental designs are conducive for the optimization of enantioresolution methods via capillary electromigration techniques (CETs). They can efficiently extract information from the behavior of a method and enable the estimation of the real optimum condition. Furthermore, the application of the analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach to the development of CET-based enantioselective methods is a trend. This article (i) offers an overview of the application of experimental designs to the development of enantioselective methods from 2015 to mid-2020, (ii) reveals the experimental designs that are presently employed in CET-based enantioresolutions, and (iii) offers a critical point of view on how the different experimental designs can aid the optimization of enantioresolution processes by considering the method parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icaro Salgado Perovani
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira Serpellone
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Anderson Rodrigo Moraes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Sao Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.,National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), UNESP, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, 14800-900, Brazil
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17
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Krait S, Konjaria ML, Scriba GKE. Advances of capillary electrophoresis enantioseparations in pharmaceutical analysis (2017-2020). Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1709-1725. [PMID: 33433919 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis is a powerful technique for the analysis of polar chiral compounds and has been widely accepted for analytical enantioseparations of drug compounds in pharmaceuticals and biological media. In addition, many mechanistic studies have been conducted in an attempt to rationalize enantioseparations in combination with spectroscopic and computational techniques. The present review will focus on recent examples of mechanistic aspects and summarize recent applications of stereoselective pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis published between January 2017 and November 2020. Various separation modes including electrokinetic chromatography in combination with several detection modes including laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry and contactless conductivity detection will be discussed. A general trend also observed in other analytical techniques is the application of quality by design principles in method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Mari-Luiza Konjaria
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Philosophenweg 14, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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18
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Xie Y, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Li P, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Isolation and Enrichment of Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16220-16240. [PMID: 33252215 PMCID: PMC8164652 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, nanoparticles have increased in implementation to a variety of applications ranging from high-efficiency electronics to targeted drug delivery. Recently, microfluidic techniques have become an important tool to isolate and enrich populations of nanoparticles with uniform properties (e.g., size, shape, charge) due to their precision, versatility, and scalability. However, due to the large number of microfluidic techniques available, it can be challenging to identify the most suitable approach for isolating or enriching a nanoparticle of interest. In this review article, we survey microfluidic methods for nanoparticle isolation and enrichment based on their underlying mechanisms, including acoustofluidics, dielectrophoresis, filtration, deterministic lateral displacement, inertial microfluidics, optofluidics, electrophoresis, and affinity-based methods. We discuss the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of each method. We also provide comparisons with bulk methods, perspectives for future developments and commercialization, and next-generation applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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19
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Amorim TL, Duarte LM, da Silva EM, de Oliveira MAL. Capillary electromigration methods for fatty acids determination in vegetable and marine oils: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:289-304. [PMID: 33169855 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids determination is of paramount importance for quality control and suitable labeling of edible oils, required by regulatory agencies in several countries, and fast methods for this determination are worldly desired. This review article aimed to explore the available analytical methods for vegetable and marine oils analyses employing CE, which can be a straightforward and faster alternative than GC methods for fatty acid determination, considering some purposes. CE usually offers the possibility of a rapid analysis with a simple preparation of the sample, without requiring specific columns, which are inherent advantages of the technique. Instrumental conditions and the key points about fatty acids determination employing the technique are highlighted, and the main challenges and perspectives are also approached. Potential use of CE for edible oil analyses has been demonstrated for research and routine, which can be of interest for industries, regulatory agencies, and edible oil researchers. Therefore, we have explored the analytical approaches described in the last decades, intending to spread the interest of CE methods for fatty acid monitoring, label accuracy assessment, and food authenticity evaluation of edible oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Lima Amorim
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Mattos Duarte
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Erick Mendes da Silva
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira
- Grupo de Química Analítica e Quimiometria (GQAQ), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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20
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An improved microwave assisted sequential extraction method followed by spectrometric analysis for metal distribution determination in South African coal samples. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14841. [PMID: 32908187 PMCID: PMC7481181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Some metal pollutants are corrosive in nature, are associated with fouling and slagging challenges of the coal boilers, are highly volatile and might cause air pollution and are catalyst poisoners during Fischer–Tropsch catalytic reaction. Therefore, this work describes an improved microwave-assisted sequential extraction (MW-ASE) method followed by ICP-OES/MS analysis for metal distribution determination in South African coal samples. The multivariate optimum conditions for each sequential step were 0.1 g, 200 °C and 5 min for sample amount, microwave temperature and extraction time, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, Ga, Sr and Ba were the only metals that showed solubility towards water, therefore, these metals are classified as highly mobile and eco-toxic under wet environmental conditions. Additionally, all the investigated metals showed solubility towards acidic conditions (HCl and HNO3). These results suggest that, most metal ions are predominantly bonded to sulphate, sulphide, and carbonate coal minerals. Alternatively, Ce, Cr and Y showed total extraction recoveries of ≤ 90%, confirming their strong affinity towards quartz coal minerals. In overall, the proposed MW-ASE method reported short extraction time (0.34 h), environmentally friendly reagents (H2O and diluted H2O2) and rapid multivariate optimization with acceptable extraction efficiencies (79–98%) and reproducibility (RSD ≤ 5%).
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21
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Niedermeier S, Scriba GKE. Chiral separation of four phenothiazines by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis and quality by design-based method development for quantification of dextromepromazine as chiral impurity of levomepromazine. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461232. [PMID: 32540073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The separation of the enantiomers of mepromazine, promethazine, thioridazine and alimemazine was studied by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in the presence of cyclodextrins using 1 M acetic acid and 50 mM ammonium acetate in methanol as background electrolyte. Heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-cyclodextrin, heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-cyclodextrin (HDMS-β-CD) and octakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-γ-cyclodextrin were the most effective chiral selectors for mepromazine, promethazine and alimemazine. Subsequently, a method for the determination of dextromepromazine as chiral impurity of levomepromazine was developed employing quality by design principles. Using HDMS-β-CD as selector, a fractional factorial resolution V+ design was employed for evaluating the knowledge space, while a central composite face centered design provided further method optimization and the basis for the computation of the design space by Monte Carlo simulations. The final experimental conditions included a 30/40.2 cm fused-silica capillary with 75 µm inner diameter and a background electrolyte composed of 0.75 M acetic acid and 55 mM ammonium acetate in methanol containing 27.5 mg/mL HDMS-β-CD. The applied voltage was 22 kV and the capillary temperature was 15°C. Following method robustness testing via a Plackett-Burman design, the method was validated for dextromepromazine in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 % relative to a concentration of 0.74 mg/mL levomepromazine and applied to the analysis of reference standards of the European Pharmacopoeia and commercial tablets. The assay also allowed the detection of levomepromazine sulfoxide although the quantitation of the compound was hampered by the poor peak shape of the late migrating diastereomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Niedermeier
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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22
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Pero-Gascon R, Tascon M, Sanz-Nebot V, Gagliardi LG, Benavente F. Improving separation optimization in capillary electrophoresis by using a general quality criterion. Talanta 2020; 208:120399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Recent progress in nanomaterial-based electrochemical and optical sensors for hypoxanthine and xanthine. A review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:749. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3842-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Quality by Design-Based Development of a Chiral Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Determination of Dextrodropropizine and 1-Phenylpiperazine as Impurities of Levodropropizine. Chromatographia 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-019-03817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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25
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dos Santos Costa CL, Ramos DP, da Silva JB. Multivariate optimization and validation of a procedure to direct determine acetonitrile and ethanol in radiopharmaceuticals by GC-FID. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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26
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Analytical quality by design: Development and control strategy for a LC method to evaluate the cannabinoids content in cannabis olive oil extracts. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 166:326-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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27
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Bezerra MA, Ferreira SLC, Novaes CG, dos Santos AMP, Valasques GS, da Mata Cerqueira UMF, dos Santos Alves JP. Simultaneous optimization of multiple responses and its application in Analytical Chemistry – A review. Talanta 2019; 194:941-959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Papp LA, Gyéresi Á, Hancu G, Mircia E, Kelemen H. Development of a generic method for the determination of proton-pump inhibitors by capillary zoneelectrophoresis. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000117786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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29
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Scriba GKE, Jáč P. Cyclodextrins as Chiral Selectors in Capillary Electrophoresis Enantioseparations. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:339-356. [PMID: 31069743 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to their structural variability and their commercial availability, cyclodextrins are the most frequently used chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis. A variety of migration modes can be realized depending on the characteristics of the cyclodextrins and the analytes. The basic considerations regarding the development of a chiral CE method employing cyclodextrins as chiral selectors are briefly discussed. The presented examples illustrate the separation modes of an acidic and a basic analyte with native and charged cyclodextrin derivatives as a function of the pH of the background electrolyte and the concentration of the cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Pavel Jáč
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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30
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Harnisch H, Scriba GKE. Capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of (R)-dapoxetine, (3S)-3-(dimethylamino)-3-phenyl-1-propanol, (S)-3-amino-3-phenyl-1-propanol and 1-naphthol as impurities of dapoxetine hydrochloride. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:257-263. [PMID: 30273816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis method was developed and validated for the determination of the purity of dapoxetine with regard to the related substances (3S)-3-amino-3-phenylpropan-1-ol, (3S)-3-(dimethylamino)-3-phenylpropan-1-ol, 1-naphthol and the enantiomer (R)-dapoxetine. The separation was based on a dual selector system, which was optimized by a fractional factorial resolution V + design followed by a central composite face centered design with star distance 1 and Monte Carlo simulations for defining the design space. The optimized background electrolyte consisted of a 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.3, containing 45 mg/mL sulfated γ-cyclodextrin and 40.2 mg/mL 2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin. Separations were carried out in a 23.5/32 cm, 50 μm fused-silica capillary employing a separation voltage of 9 kV at 15 °C. Following robustness testing using a Plackett-Burman design the method was validated according to the International Council on Harmonization guideline Q2(R1) in the range of 0.05-1.0% relative to the dapoxetine concentration. The method was applied to the analysis of drug substance and a commercial tablet. Data regarding the enantiomeric purity of dapoxetine obtained by the capillary electrophoresis assay were comparable to the data obtained by an enantioselective HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Harnisch
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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31
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Deidda R, Orlandini S, Hubert P, Hubert C. Risk-based approach for method development in pharmaceutical quality control context: A critical review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:110-121. [PMID: 30145448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical regulatory bodies increasingly require the implementation of systematic approaches in pharmaceutical product development. Quality control methods play a key role in the control strategy of drugs manufacturing to assure their quality. A risk-based approach in the analytical method development is strongly recommended to ensure that the method performances fit the purpose of the method during its entire life-cycle. In the last decade, analytical quality by design (AQbD), as risk management oriented methodology, has been progressively integrated with method development for fulfilling this objective. This approach has successfully allowed the quality to be designed into the analytical processes by obtaining a deep understanding of the procedures. In this paper the AQbD workflow and its application in the development of methods to be used for pharmaceutical quality control have been treated and discussed. Recent publications regarding how AQbD has been applied in separation techniques were reviewed. The different development strategies have been also showcased, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, in order to give a useful overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Deidda
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Serena Orlandini
- University of Florence, Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Philippe Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cédric Hubert
- University of Liège (ULiege), CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Liège, Belgium
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32
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Ma H, Li J, Yu H, Li Z, Gao XM, Chang YX. The microemulsion electrokinetic capillary chromatography combined with reversed-electrode polarity stacking mode for enriching and quantifying lignanoids and ginsenosides in TCMs preparation Shengmai injection. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2439-2445. [PMID: 30027576 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An on-line large volume sample stacking with polarity switching (LVSS) method was proposed for simultaneously determining lignanoids and ginsenosides in MEEKC. The parameters including the pH value and concentration of buffer solution, SDS, organic modifier, oil phase, running voltage, and temperature as well as injection time, sample matrix, stacking voltage, and time influencing separation and stacking were systematically optimized. The method was verified by performing precision, accuracy, stability, and recovery. Its reliability was proved by separating and quantifying two lignanoids and three ginsenosides in Shengmai injectionSMI. The sensitivity of these compounds was improved by MEEKC-LVSS method for 6-11 times than conventional MEEKC. Thus, this developed on-line MEEKC-LVSS method was sensitive, practical, and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifen Ma
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, P. R. China
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33
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Mketo N, Nomngongo PN, Ngila JC. Environmentally friendly microwave-assisted sequential extraction method followed by ICP-OES and ion-chromatographic analysis for rapid determination of sulphur forms in coal samples. Talanta 2018; 182:567-573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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34
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Viana DF, Salazar-Banda GR, Leite MS. Electrochemical degradation of Reactive Black 5 with surface response and artificial neural networks optimization models. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1463264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo F. Viana
- Sociedade de Educação Tiradentes, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Programa de Pósgraduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo R. Salazar-Banda
- Sociedade de Educação Tiradentes, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Programa de Pósgraduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Manuela S. Leite
- Sociedade de Educação Tiradentes, Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa, Programa de Pósgraduação em Engenharia de Processos, Universidade Tiradentes, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
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Krait S, Scriba GKE. Quality by design-assisted development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the chiral purity determination of dexmedetomidine. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2575-2580. [PMID: 29600596 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2 -adrenergic agonist used for patient sedation, while its enantiomer levomedetomidine has no sedative effects. As CE has been shown to be a powerful technique for enantiomer analysis, the aim of the study was the quality by design-based development of a CE-based limit test for the enantiomeric impurity levomedetomidine. The analytical target profile was defined that the method should be able to determine levomedetomidine with acceptable precision and accuracy at the 0.1% level. From initial scouting experiments, sulfated β-cyclodextrin was selected as chiral selector. The critical process parameters were identified in a fractional factorial resolution V+ design, while a central composite face centered design and Monte Carlo simulations were used for defining the design space of the method. The selected working conditions were a 21.3/31.5 cm, 50 μm id fused-silica capillary, a 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, containing 40 mg/mL sulfated β-cyclodextrin, a capillary temperature of 17°C and an applied voltage of 10 kV. Validation according to the ICH guideline Q2(R1) demonstrated repeatability and intermediate precision of content and migration time between 9.3 and 4.2% with accuracy in the range of 92.0 and 98.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Friedrich Schiller University, Department of Medicinal/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jena, Germany
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36
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A powerful on line ABTS +-CE-DAD method to screen and quantify major antioxidants for quality control of Shuxuening Injection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5441. [PMID: 29615669 PMCID: PMC5883040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method of on-line 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)-Capillary Electrophoresis-Diode Array Detector (on-line ABTS+-CE-DAD) was developed to screen the major antioxidants from complex herbal medicines. ABTS+, one of well-known oxygen free radicals was firstly integrated into the capillary. For simultaneously detecting and separating ABTS+ and chemical components of herb medicines, some conditions were optimized. The on-line ABTS+-CE-DAD method has successfully been used to screen the main antioxidants from Shuxuening injection (SI), an herbal medicines injection. Under the optimum conditions, nine ingredients of SI including clitorin, rutin, isoquercitrin, Quercetin-3-O-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-Glucoside, quercetin-3-O-[2-O-(6-O-p-hydroxyl-E-coumaroyl)-D-glucosyl]-(1-2)-L-rhamnoside, 3-O-{2-O-[6-O-(p-hydroxyl-E-coumaroyl)-glucosyl]}-(1-2) rhamnosyl kaempfero were separated and identified as the major antioxidants. There is a linear relationship between the total amount of major antioxidants and total antioxidative activity of SI with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9456. All the Relative standard deviations of recovery, precision and stability were below 7.5%. Based on these results, these nine ingredients could be selected as combinatorial markers to evaluate quality control of SI. It was concluded that on-line ABTS+-CE-DAD method was a simple, reliable and powerful tool to screen and quantify active ingredients for evaluating quality of herbal medicines.
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37
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Harnisch H, Chien YH, Scriba GKE. Capillary Electrophoresis Method for the Chiral Purity Determination of Pregabalin Derivatized with Dansyl Chloride. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Nompari L, Orlandini S, Pasquini B, Campa C, Rovini M, Del Bubba M, Furlanetto S. Quality by design approach in the development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography method for Bexsero meningococcal group B vaccine. Talanta 2018; 178:552-562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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39
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Caprini C, Pasquini B, Melani F, Del Bubba M, Giuffrida A, Calleri E, Orlandini S, Furlanetto S. Exploring the intermolecular interactions acting in solvent-modified MEKC by Molecular Dynamics and NMR: The effect of n-butanol on the separation of diclofenac and its impurities. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:249-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Krait S, Heuermann M, Scriba GKE. Development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of the chiral purity of dextromethorphan by a dual selector system using quality by design methodology. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1405-1413. [PMID: 29131506 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dextromethorphan is a centrally acting antitussive drug, while its enantiomer levomethorphan is an illicit drug with opioid analgesic effects. As capillary electrophoresis has been proven as an ideal technique for enantiomer analysis, the present study was conducted in order to develop a capillary electrophoresis-based limit test for levomethorphan. The analytical target profile was defined as a method that should be able to determine levomethorphan with acceptable precision and accuracy at the 0.1 % level. From initial scouting experiments, a dual selector system consisting of sulfated β-cyclodextrin and methyl-α-cyclodextrin was identified. The critical process parameters were evaluated in a fractional factorial resolution IV design followed by a central composite face-centered design and Monte Carlo simulations for defining the design space of the method. The selected working conditions consisted of a 30/40.2 cm, 50 μm id fused-silica capillary, 30 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5, 16 mg/mL sulfated β-cyclodextrin, and 14 mg/mL methyl-α-cyclodextrin at 20°C and 20 kV. The method was validated according to ICH guideline Q2(R1) and applied to the analysis of a capsule formulation. Furthermore, the apparent binding constants between the enantiomers and the cyclodextrins as well as complex mobilities were determined to understand the migration behavior of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Krait
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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41
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Zhu Q, Scriba GK. Analysis of small molecule drugs, excipients and counter ions in pharmaceuticals by capillary electromigration methods – recent developments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 147:425-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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42
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Kašička V. Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2015-mid 2017). Electrophoresis 2017; 39:209-234. [PMID: 28836681 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The review brings a comprehensive overview of recent developments and applications of high performance capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, isoelectric focusing, affinity electrophoresis, electrokinetic chromatography, and electrochromatography) to analysis, microscale isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides in the years 2015, 2016, and ca. up to the middle of 2017. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides and in the methodology of their analysis (sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, and detection) are described. New developments in particular CE and CEC methods are presented and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are reported: qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC methods to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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43
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A quality by design-based approach to a capillary electrokinetic assay for the determination of dextromepromazine and levomepromazine sulfoxide as impurities of levomepromazine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 146:402-409. [PMID: 28926734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a quality by design approach, a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of dextromepromazine and the oxidation product levomepromazine sulfoxide in levomepromazine was developed. The analytical target profile was defined that the method should be able to quantify 0.1% of both impurities with a precision of ≤10%. Hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin was used as chiral selector. The critical process parameters cyclodextrin concentration, buffer pH and concentration as well as temperature and applied voltage were studied using a fractional factorial resolution V+ design for defining the knowledge space. A central composite face centered design was used as response surface methodology for deriving the design space by Monte Carlo simulations. The selected working point was a 100mM citric acid buffer, pH 2.85, containing 3.6mg/mL hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin, a temperature of 15°C and a voltage of 25kV. Robustness was estimated using a Plackett-Burman design. The method was subsequently validated in the relative concentration range of 0.1%-1.0% of the impurities for a solution containing 0.25mg/mL levomepromazine. The method was applied to the determination of the purity of the reference substance of the European Pharmacopoeia and of the drug in a commercial injection solution.
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44
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Combined approach using capillary electrophoresis, NMR and molecular modeling for ambrisentan related substances analysis: Investigation of intermolecular affinities, complexation and separation mechanism. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:220-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Letrozole Determination by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and UV Spectrophotometry Methods. ACTA MEDICA MARISIENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/amma-2017-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: Letrozole is a highly potent oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor triazole derivative. The aim of this study was to quantify letrozole from bulk, pharmaceutical formulation, and spiked urine samples by developing a simple, rapid and cost effective capillary electrophoresis method. Methods: A capillary zone electrophoresis method was optimized and validated. Additionally, an UV spectrophotometry method was used for comparing results. Results:The capillary zone electrophoresis method using a 90 mM sodium tetraborate background electrolyte proved to be an efficient method for determination of letrozole in a very short time, less than 2 minutes, using 20 kV voltage, 50 mbar/2 seconds pressure and 50°C temperature as optimum parameters. Additionally, the UV spectrophotometry method proved to be simple and efficient to quantify letrozole from bulk material and pharmaceutical formulation with linearity of response between 5 to 20 μg·mL-1 concentrations. For both methods, validation parameters, including linearity, detection and quantification limits were determined. Also we proved that our electrophoretic method has potential in analyzing letrozole from biological samples, obtaining encouraging results on estimation of letrozole from spiked urine samples without any special treatment. Conclusions: To quantify letrozole from bulk material, pharmaceutical preparations, and spiked urine samples the capillary zone electrophoresis method using a tetraborate sodium background electrolyte has proven to be simple and appropriate. Also a simple UV spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the same purposes.
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Pasquini B, Orlandini S, Caprini C, Del Bubba M, Innocenti M, Brusotti G, Furlanetto S. Cyclodextrin- and solvent-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of captopril, hydrochlorothiazide and their impurities: A Quality by Design approach. Talanta 2016; 160:332-339. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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A Green Antioxidant Activity-Integrated Dual-Standard Method for Rapid Evaluation of the Quality of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xuebijing Injection by On-Line DPPH-CE-DAD. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2712476. [PMID: 27872649 PMCID: PMC5107834 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2712476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been focused on treatment of sepsis which leads to high mortality all over the world in every year. Antioxidant activity seems to play a prominent role in the treatment of sepsis exhibited by Xuebijing injection. The aim of the present research was to develop an on-line 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl- (DPPH-) capillary electrophoresis-diode array detector (on-line DPPH-CE-DAD) method for rapidly assessing antioxidant properties and efficacious material basis of antioxidant activity as a way of quality control of Xuebijing injection. Several parameters affecting the separation were investigated, including the pH and concentrations of buffer, SDS, β-CD, and organic modifier as well as voltage and cassette temperature. Compared to previous traditional method, this improved method shortened the experimental cycle and became more efficient because it was successfully applied to analyze total antioxidant activity and contents of twelve antioxidants of Xuebijing injection under the same condition. The results revealed that the on-line DPPH-CE-DAD method was a reagent-saving, rapid, feasible, and green technique for quality control of Xuebijing injection in terms of pharmacological activity and contents of active ingredients. It also offered new opportunities for the analysis of antioxidant activity of complex matrix.
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48
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Cârcu-Dobrin M, Budău M, Hancu G, Gagyi L, Rusu A, Kelemen H. Enantioselective analysis of fluoxetine in pharmaceutical formulations by capillary zone electrophoresis. Saudi Pharm J 2016; 25:397-403. [PMID: 28344495 PMCID: PMC5357103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine is an antidepressant, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used primarily in the treatment of major depression, panic disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Chiral separation of racemic fluoxetine is necessary due to its enantioselective metabolism. In order to develop a suitable method for chiral separation of fluoxetine, cyclodextrin (CD) modified capillary electrophoresis (CE) was employed. A large number of native and derivatized, neutral and ionized CD derivatives were screened to find the optimal chiral selector. As a result of this process, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-β-CD (TRIMEB) was selected for enantiomeric discrimination. A factorial analysis study was performed by orthogonal experimental design in which several factors are varied at the same time to optimize the separation method. The optimized method (50 mM phosphate buffer, pH = 5.0, 10 mM TRIMEB, 15 °C, + 20 kV, 50 mbar/1 s, detection at 230 nm) was successful for baseline separation of fluoxetine enantiomers within 5 min. Our method was validated according to ICH guidelines and proved to be sensitive, linear, accurate and precise for the chiral separation of fluoxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Cârcu-Dobrin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Monica Budău
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | | | - Aura Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Hajnal Kelemen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania
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Orlandini S, Pasquini B, Caprini C, Del Bubba M, Squarcialupi L, Colotta V, Furlanetto S. A comprehensive strategy in the development of a cyclodextrin-modified microemulsion electrokinetic chromatographic method for the assay of diclofenac and its impurities: Mixture-process variable experiments and quality by design. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1466:189-98. [PMID: 27623066 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive strategy involving the use of mixture-process variable (MPV) approach and Quality by Design principles has been applied in the development of a capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous determination of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac and its five related substances. The selected operative mode consisted in microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography with the addition of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The critical process parameters included both the mixture components (MCs) of the microemulsion and the process variables (PVs). The MPV approach allowed the simultaneous investigation of the effects of MCs and PVs on the critical resolution between diclofenac and its 2-deschloro-2-bromo analogue and on analysis time. MPV experiments were used both in the screening phase and in the Response Surface Methodology, making it possible to draw MCs and PVs contour plots and to find important interactions between MCs and PVs. Robustness testing was carried out by MPV experiments and validation was performed following International Conference on Harmonisation guidelines. The method was applied to a real sample of diclofenac gastro-resistant tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orlandini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - B Pasquini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - C Caprini
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - M Del Bubba
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - L Squarcialupi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - V Colotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - S Furlanetto
- Department of Chemistry "U. Schiff", University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Screening and Evaluation of Variables for Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Water Samples by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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