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Kong F, Luo J, Jing L, Wang Y, Shen H, Yu R, Sun S, Xing Y, Ming T, Liu M, Jin H, Cai X. Reduced Graphene Oxide and Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Electrochemical Aptasensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Doxorubicin. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1223. [PMID: 37049316 PMCID: PMC10096947 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is the most clinically important antibiotic in cancer treatment, but its severe cardiotoxicity and other side effects limit its clinical use. Therefore, monitoring DOX concentrations during therapy is essential to improve efficacy and reduce adverse effects. Here, we fabricated a sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for DOX detection. The sensor used gold wire as the working electrode and was modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to improve the sensitivity. An aptamer was used as the recognition element for the DOX. The 5' end of the aptamer was modified with a thiol group, and thus immobilized to the AuNPs, and the 3' end was modified with methylene blue, which acts as the electron mediator. The combination between the aptamer and DOX would produce a binding-induced conformation, which changes the electron transfer rate, yielding a current change that correlates with the concentration of DOX. The aptasensor exhibited good linearity in the DOX concentration range of 0.3 μM to 6 μM, with a detection limit of 0.1 μM. In addition, the aptasensor was used for DOX detection in real samples and results, and showed good recovery. The proposed electrochemical aptasensor will provide a sensitive, fast, simple, and reliable new platform for detecting DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanli Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luyi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huayu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tao Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Jin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Mohammadinejad A, Abnous K, Alinezhad Nameghi M, Yahyazadeh R, Hamrah S, Senobari F, Mohajeri SA. Application of green-synthesized carbon dots for imaging of cancerous cell lines and detection of anthraquinone drugs using silica-coated CdTe quantum dots-based ratiometric fluorescence sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 288:122200. [PMID: 36481534 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs of daunorubicin and doxorubicin treat cancers with many side effects. So, detection of them in the biological system for regulation and controlling of usage is essential. In this study, a ratiometric fluorescent method was introduced for detection of daunorubicin and doxorubicin using bell pepper-based carbon dots, as the variable signal, and silica-coated CdTe quantum dots, as the constant signal. The detection was done based on variations of carbon dots intensity in the presence of drugs in comparison with the constant intensity of silica-coated CdTe quantum dots. The proposed ratiometric fluorescent method was successfully used for detection of daunorubicin and doxorubicin range of 54.37-13594.34 nmolL-1 and 86.2-17242 nmolL-1, with a detection limit of 18.53 nmolL-1 and 29 nmolL-1, respectively. Also, this method was used for detection of drugs in serum samples with recovery ranges of 86.14-99.62 (RSD 3-1.47%) and 86.32-97.53 (3.38-1.48%), respectively. Finally, after evaluation of carbon dots toxicity by MTT test, carbon dots was applied for imaging of prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF7). The results demonstrated that despite improvement of the repeatability and interferences reduction by ratiometric method, also carbon dots were successfully applied for imaging of cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadinejad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Alinezhad Nameghi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Yahyazadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Hamrah
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Senobari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Mohajeri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Stability of a high-concentrated aqueous solution of idarubicin stored in a polypropylene syringe for transarterial chemoembolization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 210:114543. [PMID: 34991044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Idarubicin (IDA) is an antineoplasic drug commonly used to treat hematologic diseases. Because of its relative lipophilic properties, this anthracycline is also used in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) as part of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. But TACE requires injected volume to be reduced to restrict systemic diffusion and side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the stability of a highly concentrated aqueous solution of IDA, stored in polypropylene syringes between 2 °C and 8 °C. Analyses were performed with an HPLC system combined with UV detector and mass spectrometer. Forced degradation was used to investigate potential degradation products. This study demonstrated 7 days of stability after storage in previously mentioned conditions. This conservation is long enough to anticipate drug preparation and facilitates pharmacy organization.
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Carbon-based ruthenium nanomaterial-based electroanalytical sensors for the detection of anticancer drug Idarubicin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11057. [PMID: 32632278 PMCID: PMC7338395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a novel nanosensing platform was suggested based on ruthenium for the sensitive determination of Idarubicin anticancer drugs. Ruthenium/Vulcan carbon-based nanoparticles were synthesized ultrasonication method and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mean particle size of the nanoparticles calculated by the TEM analysis was found to be 1.98 nm ± 0.29 nm, and the Ru nanoparticles were mostly dispersed on the support material. Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface was modified with Ruthenium/Vulcan carbon-based nanomaterials (Ru@VC), and characterization of the nanosensor was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were found as 9.25 × 10–9 M and 2.8 × 10–8 M in buffer samples. To demonstrate the applicability and validity of developed nanosensor, it was used for the determination of Idarubicin in Idamen® IV (10 mg/10 mL vial) and human serum sample. The results of recovery studies showed that the Ru@VC/GCE nanosensor was free from excipient interferences in the dosage forms of injection, and it can be successfully applied to biological samples.
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Shelke M, Deshpande SS, Sharma S. Quinquennial Review of Progress in Degradation Studies and Impurity Profiling: An Instrumental Perspective Statistics. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:226-253. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1615863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Shelke
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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An aptamer-based biosensor for detection of doxorubicin by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1453-1462. [PMID: 29199352 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An aptamer-based biosensor was developed for the detection of doxorubicin using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Doxorubicin and its 14-dehydroxylated version daunorubicin are anthracyclines often used in cancer treatment. Due to their mutagenic and cardiotoxic effects, detection in groundwater is desirable. We developed a biosensor using the daunorubicin-binding aptamer as biological recognition element. The aptamer was successfully co-immobilized with mercaptohexanol on gold and a density of 1.3*1013 ± 2.4*1012 aptamer molecules per cm2 was achieved. The binding of doxorubicin to the immobilized aptamer was detected by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The principle is based on the inhibition of electron transfer between electrode and ferro-/ferricyanide in solution caused by the binding of doxorubicin to the immobilized aptamer. A linear relationship between the charge transfer resistance (R ct ) and the doxorubicin concentration was obtained over the range of 31 nM to 125 nM doxorubicin, with an apparent binding constant of 64 nM and a detection limit of 28 nM. With the advantages of high sensitivity, selectivity, and simple sensor construction, this method shows a high potential of impedimetric aptasensors in environmental monitoring. Graphical abstract Measurement chamber and immobilization principle for the detection of doxorubicin by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Arkan E, Paimard G, Moradi K. A novel electrochemical sensor based on electrospun TiO 2 nanoparticles/carbon nanofibers for determination of Idarubicin in biological samples. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yang X, Gao H, Qian F, Zhao C, Liao X. Internal standard method for the measurement of doxorubicin and daunorubicin by capillary electrophoresis with in-column double optical-fiber LED-induced fluorescence detection. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:118-24. [PMID: 26350558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An internal standard method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of anthracycline antibiotics, doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DAN), in rabbit plasma using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with in-column double optical-fiber LED-induced fluorescence detection (CE-ICDOF-LED-FLD). Rhodamine B (RhB) was selected as an internal standard because its emission wavelength is similar to that of the anthracycline antibiotics. Parameters including buffer pH, buffer concentration, organic solvents and separation voltage have been investigated to explore the sensitivity and separation efficiency of DOX and DAN. The optimal electrophoretic separation conditions were a borate buffer (15 mM, pH 9.0) containing 50% acetonitrile (v/v), 10 s hydrodynamic injection at a height of 20 cm and a separation voltage of 15 kV. The developed CE-ICDOF-LED-FLD method provides limits of detection of 18 and 13 ng/mL for DOX and DAN in rabbit plasma samples, respectively. The recoveries ranging from 93.7 to 104.8% and the relative standard deviations at 1.1-1.7% were achieved for DOX and DAN in spiked rabbit plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiupei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China.
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Fan Qian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Chuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, PR China
| | - Xiangjun Liao
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Health Canada, 50Colombine Driveway, Ottawa K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Kaushik D, Saini B, Bansal G. Identification of four new degradation products of epirubicin through forced degradation, LC-UV, MSn and LC-MS-TOF studies. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1737-48. [PMID: 26162378 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epirubicin (EPI) was subjected to International Conference on Harmonization recommended forced degradation under the conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, dry heat and photolysis to characterize its possible impurities and/or degradation products. The drug was found highly unstable to alkaline hydrolysis even at room temperature, unstable to acid hydrolysis at 80°C and to oxidation at room temperature. The hydrolytic and oxidative degradation products were resolved on an Agilent RP8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) column with isocratic elution using mobile phase composed of ammonium formate (10 mM, pH 3.0), acetonitrile and methanol. The drug degraded to four oxidative products (O-I, O-II, O-III and O-IV) and to one acid hydrolyzed product (A-I). Purity of each peak in liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) chromatogram was ascertained through photodiode array (LC-PDA) analysis. The products were characterized through electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (+ESI-MS(n)) studies on EPI and liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS-TOF) studies on degraded drug solutions. The products, O-I-O-IV, were characterized as 2-hydroxy-8-desacetylepirubicin-8-hydroperoxide, 4-hydroxy-8-desacetylepirubicin-8-hydroperoxide, 8-desacetylepirubicin-8-hydroperoxide and 8-desacetylepirubicin, respectively, and product A-I was characterized as deglucosaminylepirubicin. While A-I was found to be a pharmacopoeial impurity, all oxidative products were found to be new degradation impurities. The mechanisms and pathways of degradation of EPI were discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Balraj Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
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Kaushik D, Bansal G. Four new degradation products of doxorubicin: An application of forced degradation study and hyphenated chromatographic techniques. J Pharm Anal 2015; 5:285-295. [PMID: 29403942 PMCID: PMC5762242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation study on doxorubicin (DOX) was carried out under hydrolytic condition in acidic, alkaline and neutral media at varied temperatures, as well as under peroxide, thermal and photolytic conditions in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1(R2). It was found extremely unstable to alkaline hydrolysis even at room temperature, unstable to acid hydrolysis at 80 °C, and to oxidation at room temperature. It degraded to four products (O-I-O-IV) in oxidative condition, and to single product (A-I) in acid hydrolytic condition. These products were resolved on a C8 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with isocratic elution using mobile phase consisting of HCOONH4 (10 mM, pH 2.5), acetonitrile and methanol (65:15:20, v/v/v). Liquid chromatography-photodiode array (LC-PDA) technique was used to ascertain the purity of the products noted in LC-UV chromatogram. For their characterization, a six stage mass fragmentation (MS6) pattern of DOX was outlined through mass spectral studies in positive mode of electrospray ionization (+ESI) as well as through accurate mass spectral data of DOX and the products generated through liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS-TOF) on degraded drug solutions. Based on it, O-I-O-IV were characterized as 3-hydroxy-9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide, 1-hydroxy-9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide, 9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide and 9-desacetyldoxorubicin, respectively, whereas A-I was characterized as deglucosaminyl doxorubicin. While A-I was found to be a pharmacopoeial impurity, all oxidative products were found to be new degradation impurities. The mechanisms and pathways of degradation of doxorubicin were outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
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Li T, Xu X, Fu S, Zhang J, Zhang K, Wang S, Zhao M, Ding W, Wang Q. Structural elucidation of stress degradation products of ampicillin sodium by liquid chromatography/hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1929-1936. [PMID: 25088136 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clinical adverse reactions to ampicillin sodium are closely related to its impurities and degradation products. Several unknown degradation products have been detected in the degradation samples of ampicillin sodium. Therefore, a sensitive and accurate method is required to rapidly identify unknown degradation products. METHODS Ampicillin sodium was subjected to forced degradation under hydrolytic (acidic and alkaline), hot, photolytic, and humid stress conditions. A combination of liquid chromatography/hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC/QqLIT-MS) and liquid chromatography/hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QqTOF-MS) was used to identify unknown degradation products. The analysis was achieved with gradient elution on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column using ammonium acetate (1 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and acetonitrile. RESULTS A total of 19 degradation products and impurities, including five novel degradation products, were identified and characterized in the forced conditions. The novel degradation products were separately identified as (Z)-2-amino-N-((2-oxo-3-phenyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-1,4-diazepin-5-yl)methylene)-2-phenylacetamide (m/z 349), 2-(1-(2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-2-((carboxy(phenyl)methyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (m/z 499), (E)-2-(((3,6-dioxo-5-phenyl-1,6-dihydropyrazin-2(3H)-ylidene)methyl)amino)-3-mercapto-3-methylbutanoic acid (m/z 348), 5-(amino(phenyl)methyl)-7-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid (m/z 332), and 2-(1-(2-amino-2-phenylacetamido)-2-((2-(((4-carboxy-5,5-dimethylthiazolidin-2-yl)methyl)amino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-5,5-dimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (m/z 673). CONCLUSIONS LC/QqTOF-MS allowed us to obtain more accurate, richer information than LC/QqLIT-MS for the qualitative analysis of unknown compounds. Forced degradation studies could provide us with the data needed to understand the degradation pathways and intrinsic stability of drugs, and to simultaneously validate the feasibility of the analytical procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, P.R. China
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Characterization of stress degradation products of fosinopril by using LC-MS/TOF, MSn and on-line H/D exchange. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 92:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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