1
|
Agrawal A, Keçili R, Ghorbani-Bidkorbeh F, Hussain CM. Green miniaturized technologies in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
2
|
WEI J, QIN M, YANG J, YANG L. [Research progress of microextraction by packed sorbent and its application in microvolume sample extraction]. Se Pu 2021; 39:219-228. [PMID: 34227304 PMCID: PMC9403807 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.04024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microextraction is a rapidly developing sample preparation technology in the field of analytical chemistry, which is seeing widespread application. Accurate sample preparation can not only save time but also improve the efficiency of analysis, determination, and data quality. At present, sample pretreatment methods must be rapid, allow for miniaturization, automation, and convenient online connection with analytical instruments. To meet the requirements of green analytical methods and improve the extraction efficiency, microextraction techniques have been introduced as suitable replacements to conventional sample preparation and extraction methods. Microextraction using a packed sorbent (MEPS) is a new type of sample preparation technology. The MEPS equipment was prepared using microsyringe with a volume of 50-500 μL, including MEPS syringes and MEPS adsorption beds (barrel insert and needle, BIN), which is essentially similar to a miniaturized solid phase extraction device. The BIN contains the adsorbent and is built into the syringe needle. A typical MEPS extraction procedure involves repeatedly pumping the sample solution in two directions (up and down) through the adsorbent multiple times in the MEPS syringe. The specific operation course of MEPS includes conditioning, loading, washing, elution, and introduction into the analysis instrument. The conditioning process is adopted to infiltrate the dry sorbent and remove bubbles between the filler particles. The adsorption process is accomplished by pulling the liquid plunger of the syringe so that the sample flows through the adsorbent in both directions multiple times. The washing process involves rinsing the sorbent to remove unwanted components after the analyte is retained. The elution process involves the use of an eluent to ensure that the sample flows through the adsorbent in both directions multiple times, so that elution can be realized by the pumping-pushing action. The target analyte is eluted with the eluent, which can be directly used for chromatographic analysis. However, when processing complex biological matrix samples by MEPS, pretreatment steps such as dilution of the sample and removal of proteins are commonly required. At present, the operation modes of the MEPS equipment are classified into three types: manual, semi-automated, and fully automated. This increase in the degree of automation is highly conducive to processing extremely low or extremely high sample volumes. Critical factors affecting the MEPS performance have been investigated in this study. The conditions for MEPS optimization are the operating process parameters, including sample flow rate, sample volume, number of sample extraction cycles, type and volume of the adsorbent, and elution solvents. It is also necessary to consider the effect of the sample matrix on the performance of MEPS. The MEPS sorbent should be cleaned by a solvent to eliminate carryover and reuse. The sorbent is a core aspect of MEPS. Several types of commercial and non-commercial sorbents have been used in MEPS. Commercial sorbents include silica-based sorbents such as unmodified silica (SIL), C2, C8, and C18. Unmodified silicon-based silica is a normal phase adsorption material, which is highly polar and can be used to retain polar analytes. C18, C8, and C2 materials are suitable for reversed-phase adsorption, while SCX, SAX, APS, and M1 (C8+SCX) adsorbents are suitable for the mixed-mode and ion-exchange modes. Noncommercial sorbents include molecularly imprinted materials, restricted-access molecularly imprinted materials, graphitized carbon, conductive polymer materials, modified silicon materials, and covalent-organic framework materials. The performance of MEPS has recently been illustrated by online with LC-MS and GC-MS assays for the analysis of biological matrices, environmental samples, and food samples. Pretreatment in MEPS protocols includes dilution, protein precipitation, and centrifugation in biological fluid matrices. Because of the small sample size, fast operation, etc., MEPS is expected to be more widely used in the analysis of bio-matrix samples. MEPS devices could also play an important role in field pretreatment and analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan WEI
- 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京 102205
- State key Laboratory of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Molin QIN
- 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京 102205
- State key Laboratory of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Junchao YANG
- 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京 102205
- State key Laboratory of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Liu YANG
- 国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室, 北京 102205
- State key Laboratory of Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiong X, Zhang Y, Zhao R. Quantitative Measurement of Plasma Free Metanephrines by a Simple and Cost-Effective Microextraction Packed Sorbent with Porous Graphitic Carbon and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 2021:8821276. [PMID: 33628579 PMCID: PMC7880714 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8821276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasma free metanephrines are widely used for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), yet quantifying metanephrines using a simple and cost-effective approach may be challenging due to preanalytical and analytical constraints. In this study, we established and validated a new method for quantitative measurement of plasma free metanephrines based on microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) with porous graphitic carbon (PGC) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). The elution step was fully compatible with HILIC mode without evaporation and reconstitution. The analytes were well resolved, and potential interferences (54 substances) were investigated. This method was linear from 24.7-2717 pg/mL for metanephrine (MN) and 24.5-4010 pg/mL for normetanephrine (NMN) with a coefficient of determination (R 2) higher than 0.994. The limit of MN and NMN detection were 12.4 pg/mL and 12.3 pg/mL, respectively. The intra- and interassay impressions were ≤12.8% for spiked quality controls and ≤13.6% for commercial quality controls; the method recoveries ranged within 88.0-109.0%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.848 ± 0.047 for MN and 0.979 ± 0.021 for NMN. Validation that was performed by comparing clinical specimens with various biochemical results showed that plasma free metanephrines in a seated position had comparable sensitivity and lower specificity to urinary free metanephrines, which could be compensated by combining other biochemical tests. The newly developed MEPS method resulted as a time-saving, reliable, and cost-effective microextraction technique that can be applied for a successful screening of PPGL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center of Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Microextraction approaches for bioanalytical applications: An overview. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1616:460790. [PMID: 31892411 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biological samples are usually complex matrices due to the presence of proteins, salts and a variety of organic compounds with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes. Therefore, sample preparation is often mandatory in order to isolate the analytes from troublesome matrices before instrumental analysis. Because the number of samples in drug development, doping analysis, forensic science, toxicological analysis, and preclinical and clinical assays is steadily increasing, novel high throughput sample preparation approaches are calling for. The key factors in this development are the miniaturization and the automation of the sample preparation approaches so as to cope with most of the twelve principles of green chemistry. In this review, recent trends in sample preparation and novel strategies will be discussed in detail with particular focus on sorptive and liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalysis. The actual applicability of selective sorbents is also considered. Additionally, the role of 3D printing in microextraction for bioanalytical methods will be pinpointed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zeinali S, Khalilzadeh M, Bagheri H. Generic extraction medium: From highly polar to non-polar simultaneous determination. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1066:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
6
|
He J, Yuan J, Du J, Chen X, Zhang X, Ma A, Pan J. Automated on-line SPE determination of amisulpride in human plasma using LC coupled with restricted-access media column. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
7
|
Pereira JAM, Gonçalves J, Porto-Figueira P, Figueira JA, Alves V, Perestrelo R, Medina S, Câmara JS. Current trends on microextraction by packed sorbent – fundamentals, application fields, innovative improvements and future applications. Analyst 2019; 144:5048-5074. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an02464b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MEPS, the acronym of microextraction by packed sorbent, is a simple, fast and user- and environmentally-friendly miniaturization of the popular solid-phase extraction technique (SPE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - João Gonçalves
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | | | - José A. Figueira
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - Vera Alves
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - Sonia Medina
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM – Centro de Química da Madeira
- Universidade da Madeira
- 9020-105 Funchal
- Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nováková L, Pavlík J, Chrenková L, Martinec O, Červený L. Current antiviral drugs and their analysis in biological materials - Part II: Antivirals against hepatitis and HIV viruses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:378-399. [PMID: 29031512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review is a Part II of the series aiming to provide comprehensive overview of currently used antiviral drugs and to show modern approaches to their analysis. While in the Part I antivirals against herpes viruses and antivirals against respiratory viruses were addressed, this part concerns antivirals against hepatitis viruses (B and C) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Many novel antivirals against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV have been introduced into the clinical practice over the last decade. The recent broadening portfolio of these groups of antivirals is reflected in increasing number of developed analytical methods required to meet the needs of clinical terrain. Part II summarizes the mechanisms of action of antivirals against hepatitis B virus (HBV), HCV, and HIV, their use in clinical practice, and analytical methods for individual classes. It also provides expert opinion on state of art in the field of bioanalysis of these drugs. Analytical methods reflect novelty of these chemical structures and use by far the most current approaches, such as simple and high-throughput sample preparation and fast separation, often by means of UHPLC-MS/MS. Proper method validation based on requirements of bioanalytical guidelines is an inherent part of the developed methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Pavlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Chrenková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Martinec
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Červený
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sorbent, device, matrix and application in microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS): A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1043:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
10
|
Vorberg E, Fleischer H, Junginger S, Liu H, Stoll N, Thurow K. A Highly Flexible, Automated System Providing Reliable Sample Preparation in Element- and Structure-Specific Measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [PMID: 26203055 DOI: 10.1177/2211068215595946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Life science areas require specific sample pretreatment to increase the concentration of the analytes and/or to convert the analytes into an appropriate form for the detection and separation systems. Various workstations are commercially available, allowing for automated biological sample pretreatment. Nevertheless, due to the required temperature, pressure, and volume conditions in typical element and structure-specific measurements, automated platforms are not suitable for analytical processes. Thus, the purpose of the presented investigation was the design, realization, and evaluation of an automated system ensuring high-precision sample preparation for a variety of analytical measurements. The developed system has to enable system adaption and high performance flexibility. Furthermore, the system has to be capable of dealing with the wide range of required vessels simultaneously, allowing for less cost and time-consuming process steps. However, the system's functionality has been confirmed in various validation sequences. Using element-specific measurements, the automated system was up to 25% more precise compared to the manual procedure and as precise as the manual procedure using structure-specific measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Vorberg
- Center for Life Science Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heidi Fleischer
- Institute of Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Hui Liu
- Center for Life Science Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Norbert Stoll
- Institute of Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kerstin Thurow
- Center for Life Science Automation, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Determination of urinary levels of leukotriene B(4) using ad highly specific and sensitive methodology based on automatic MEPS combined with UHPLC-PDA analysis. Talanta 2015; 144:382-9. [PMID: 26452837 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent mediator of inflammation and plays a key function in the pathophysiology of chronic asthma. Detectable urinary levels of LTB4, arises from the activation of leukotriene pathways. In this study an ultra-fast, selective and sensitive analytical method based on semi-automatic microextraction by packed sorbents (MEPS) technique, using a new digitally controlled syringe (eVol®) combined with ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC), is proposed for the measurement of urinary LTB4 (U-LTB4) levels in a group of asthmatic patients (APs) and healthy controls (CTRL). Important parameters affecting MEPS performance, namely sorbent type, number of extraction cycles (extract-discard) and elution volume, were evaluated. The optimal experimental conditions among those investigated for the quantification of U-LTB4 in urine samples were as follows: porous graphitic carbon sorbent (PGC), 10 extractions cycle (10×250 μL of sample) and LTB4 elution with 100 μL of acetonitrile. The UHPLC optimum conditions resulted in a mobile phase consisting of 95% (v/v) of acid aqueous solution (v/v), and acetonitrile 5% (v/v); flow rate of 500 µL/min, and a column temperature of 37±0.1 °C. Under optimized conditions the proposed method exhibit good selectivity and sensitivity LOD (0.37 ng/mL) and LOQ (1.22 ng/mL). The recovery ranging from 86.4 to 101.1% for LTB4, with relative standard deviations (% RSD) no larger than 5%. In addition, the method also afforded good results in terms of linearity (r(2)>0.995) within the established concentration range, with a residual deviation for each calibration point below 6%, and intra- and inter-day repeatability in urine samples with RSD values lower than 4 and 5%, respectively. The application of the method to urine samples revealed a tendency towards the increased urinary LTB4 levels in APs (5.42±0.17 ng/mL) when compared to those of CTRL group (from ND to 1.9 ng/mL). Urinary measurement of LTB4 may be an interesting and non-invasive option to assess control of asthma.
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Nováková L, Havlíková L, Vlčková H. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography of polar and ionizable compounds by UHPLC. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
14
|
Magnetic separation techniques in sample preparation for biological analysis: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:84-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|