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Sen S, Ganta B, Rachel VN, Gogikar SK, Singh V, Sonti R, Dikundwar AG. Mapping Advantages and Challenges in Analytical Development for Fixed Dose Combination Products, a Review. J Pharm Sci 2024:S0022-3549(24)00153-9. [PMID: 38697403 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Formulations containing more than one active ingredient are increasingly gaining popularity due to advantages with regard to patient convenience as well as reduced cost of production, packaging, and transportation. Such fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) demand for enhanced analytical methodologies and tools to efficiently achieve quality control of these complex products as compared to the conventional products containing only one active constituent. Highly efficient analytical methods can measure multiple constituents at once, improving their quality control. This review article discusses the challenges in the development of such methods due to the similarities or differences in the chemical identity of the participating drug molecules in an FDC. The latest developments in multiple analyte determination using various analytical techniques (HPLC, LC-MS, NMR, IR, powder XRD and DSC) are discussed, with a focus on special considerations in each case. The article discusses challenges with sample preparation of complex FDC products, and the use of Chemometrics and Quality by Design to develop efficient analytical methods. Lastly, an equation-based approach is proposed and demonstrated to arrive at a parameter referred to as "percentage efficiency gain" that would be useful in directly accessing the relevance and commercial benefits of a simultaneous method vis-a-vis separate methods for individual components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibu Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Brundharika Ganta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - V Nina Rachel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shiva Kumar Gogikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Vartika Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Amol G Dikundwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, Telangana, India.
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Kathar N, Rajput N, Jadav T, Sengupta P. Potential degradation products of abemaciclib: Identification and structural characterization employing LC-Q/TOF-MS and NMR including mechanistic explanation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 237:115762. [PMID: 37844364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Degradation products are the potential drug impurities that can be generated during transport and storage of pharmaceuticals. Before this study, degradation chemistry and potential degradation products of abemaciclib (ABM) were unknown. Moreover, no stability-indicating analytical method was available that can be used to analyse ABM in presence of its degradation products. In this study, stress testing on ABM was carried out under oxidative, thermal, photolytic (UV & visible), and hydrolytic (acid, alkaline, and neutral) degradation conditions. The study revealed that ABM is susceptible to photolytic, oxidative, and thermal stress leading to the formation of five degradation products (DPs). ABM and its degradation products were chromatographically separated employing a developed RP-HPLC-based stability-indicating analytical method. The method was transferred to an LC-Q-TOF system for further analysis. To elucidate the structure of degradation products, fragmentation pathway of ABM was initially established through high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Subsequently, mass fragmentation pathways of all the DPs have been established through HRMS and MSn based analysis. The major degradation product was isolated and fully characterized using atmospheric chemical ionization-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. ABM showed extensive degradation under oxidative and photolytic systems. Therefore, special care may be sought during storage and transport of ABM or its formulations to avoid photolytic and oxidative stress exposure to the drug. Lastly, in silico toxicity of the characterized degradation products was assessed employing ProTox ІІ online web predictor freeware in which some of them were found to have the potential of hepatotoxicity, immunogenicity and mutagenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Kathar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Tarang Jadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Opp. Airforce Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India.
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3
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Chiarentin L, Gonçalves C, Augusto C, Miranda M, Cardoso C, Vitorino C. Drilling into "Quality by Design" Approach for Analytical Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-42. [PMID: 37665603 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2253321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for consistency in analytical method development reinforces the dependence of pharmaceutical product development and manufacturing on robust analytical data. The Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD), akin to the product Quality by Design (QbD) endows a high degree of confidence to the method quality developed. AQbD involves the definition of the analytical target profile as starting point, followed by the identification of critical method variables and critical analytical attributes, supported on risk assessment and design of experiment tools for the establishment of a method operable design region and control strategy of the method. This systematic approach moves away from reactive troubleshooting to proactive failure reduction. The objective of this review is to highlight the elements of the AQbD framework and provide an overview of their implementation status in various analytical methods used in the pharmaceutical field. These methodologies include but are not limited to, high-performance liquid chromatography, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, supercritical fluid chromatography, and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Finally, a critical appraisal is provided to highlight how regulators have encouraged AQbD principles application to boost the prevention of method failures and a better understanding of the method operable design region (MODR) and control strategy, ultimately resulting in cost-effectiveness and regulatory flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Chiarentin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Gonçalves
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Cátia Augusto
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Margarida Miranda
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
- Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Egas Moniz Center of Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Caparica, Portugal
| | - Catarina Cardoso
- Laboratórios Basi Indústria Farmacêutica S.A, Parque Industrial Manuel Lourenço Ferreira, Mortágua, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Elsheikh SG, Hassan AME, Fayez YM, El-Mosallamy SS. Green analytical chemistry and experimental design: a combined approach for the analysis of zonisamide. BMC Chem 2023; 17:38. [PMID: 37069703 PMCID: PMC10108544 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Green analytical chemistry principles, as well as experimental design, are a combined approach adopted to develop sensitive reproducible stability indicating HPLC method for Zonisamide (ZNS) determination. The optimal conditions for three chromatographic parameters were determined using a central composite design of the response surface. Kromasil C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was utilized with ethanol, H2O (30:70 v/v) as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at 35 °C. Good reproducibility and high sensitivity were achieved along (0.5-10 µg/mL) concentration range. In contrast, the TLC-densitometric method was performed on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F254 as a stationary phase and chloroform: methanol: acetic acid (8:1.5:0.5 by volume) as a developing system. Reproducible results were obtained in the range of (2-10 μg/band). The chromatograms of HPLC and TLC were scanned at 280 nm and 240 nm, respectively. The suggested methods have been validated following ICH guidelines, and no statistically significant differences were detected between the results of the current study and the official USP method. It was also found that using experimental design implements the green concept by reducing the environmental impact. Finally, Eco-Scale, GAPI and AGREE were used to assess the environmental impacts of the suggested methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha G Elsheikh
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer M E Hassan
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Fayez
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sally S El-Mosallamy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Xu A, Xue Y, Zeng Y, Li J, Zhou H, Wang Z, Chen Y, Chen H, Jin J, Zhuang T. Isolation and Characterization of an Unknown Process-Related Impurity in Furosemide and Validation of a New HPLC Method. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052415. [PMID: 36903659 PMCID: PMC10005432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Furosemide is a widely used loop diuretic in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema. During the preparation of furosemide, a new process-related impurity G in the levels ranging from 0.08% to 0.13% was detected in pilot batches by a new high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The new impurity was isolated and characterized by comprehensive analysis of FT-IR, Q-TOF/LC-MS, 1D-NMR (1H, 13C, and DEPT), and 2D-NMR (1H-1H-COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) spectroscopy data. The possible formation pathway of impurity G was also discussed in detail. Moreover, a novel HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of impurity G and the other six known impurities registered in the European Pharmacopoeia as per ICH guidelines. The HPLC method was validated with respect to system suitability, linearity, the limit of quantitation, the limit of detection, precision, accuracy, and robustness. The characterization of impurity G and the validation of its quantitative HPLC method were reported for the first time in this paper. Finally, the toxicological properties of impurity G were predicted by the in silico webserver ProTox-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yunlin Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yuyu Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Xuzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-0518-85895786 (T.Z.)
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (J.J.); (T.Z.); Tel.: +86-0518-85895786 (T.Z.)
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6
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An Application of Quality by Design and Analytical Greenness Assessment Approach for the Development of Erlotinib Stability Indicating Method. Chromatographia 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-022-04167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bonon AJ, Bahú JO, Klein BC, Mandelli D, Filho RM. Green production of limonene diepoxide for potential biomedical applications. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Yenda P, Katari NK, Dongala T, Vyas G, Katakam LNR, Ettaboina SK. A simple isocratic LC method for quantification of trace-level inorganic degradation impurities (ferricyanide, ferrocyanide, nitrite, and nitrate) in sodium nitroprusside injection and robustness by quality using design approach. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5269. [PMID: 34693546 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study developed and validated a trace-level quantification inorganic impurities method using reversed-phase HPLC and performed the robustness check using quality-by-design approach by varying the multiple factors simultaneously. This method is economical and simple and exhibits its stability-indicating nature [for the determination of ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN)₆]4- ), ferricyanide ([Fe(CN)6 ]3- ), nitrate (NO3 - ), and nitrite (NO2 - )] in sodium nitroprusside (SNP) drug substance and liquid dosage form. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a USP L43 column (ACE PFP, 150 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) with a simple isocratic elution. The buffer consists of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (50 mM), tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (9 mM), and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (25 mM). The buffer pH was adjusted to 7.2 with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. The mobile phase was mixed with the buffer and acetonitrile (68:32 v/v). The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, column temperature was maintained at 30°C, and injection volume was 5.0 μL. The SNP impurities were monitored at 225 nm using a UV detector. Further, the method was validated per the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, and forced degradation studies were carried out under different stress conditions. The detector responses were plotted against concentrations, and correlation was linear (r > 0.999) over the range of 0.8-7.5 μg/mL for ferricyanide; 1.0-37.5 μg/mL for SNP; and 0.2-7.5 μg/mL for ferrocyanide, nitrite, and nitrate. The method repeatability was established for all the impurities with relative standard deviation (%), and the results were found to be less than 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvateesam Yenda
- Analytical Research and Development, Slayback Pharma India LLP, Manjeera Trinity Corporate, JNTU, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, GITAM Deemed to be University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thirupathi Dongala
- Analytical Research and Development, Cambrex High Point Inc., High Point, NC, United States
| | - Govind Vyas
- R&D and Regulatory Compliance, Invahealth Inc., Cranbury, NJ, United States
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Ladumor MK, Paudel A, Modhave D, Sharma S, Balhara A, Singh DK, Ramalingam M, Shah R, Pavankumarraju S, Kurmi M, Mariappan TT, Bhutani H, Prasad B. A Tribute to Professor Saranjit Singh - A Critical Thinker, Innovator, Mentor, and Educator. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:1224-1231. [PMID: 34699842 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This commentary presents contributions and accomplishments of Professor Saranjit Singh, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, India, to pharmaceutical research and education. Prof. Singh completed his successful tenure in October 2021. Over his 40+ years of illustrious academic career, he trained 147 Masters and 15 PhD students in the fields of drug stability testing, degradation chemistry, impurity and metabolite characterization, and advanced analytical technologies. He has published ∼250 research articles, reviews, editorials, patent, book, and book chapters, and received numerous awards, including the Professor M.L. Khorana Memorial Lecture Award from the Indian Pharmaceutical Association (IPA) and the Outstanding Analyst and Eminent Analyst awards from the Indian Drug Manufacturers' Association (IDMA). This commentary highlights Prof. Singh's inspiring personal and renowned professional journey, including early life, education, career, accomplishments, as well as his services to academia, industry, and regulatory. By sharing the contributions and accomplishments of Prof. Singh, we strongly believe that his story will inspire the next generation of scientists to continue his legacy to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur K Ladumor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Sheena Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Ankit Balhara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Dilip K Singh
- Sandoz Development Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Ravi Shah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Moolchand Kurmi
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Synegene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - T Thanga Mariappan
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre (BBRC), Synegene International Limited, Bangalore 560099, India; Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Bangalore, India.
| | - Hemant Bhutani
- Novartis Healthcare Private Limited, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA.
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Davoodi J, Majidi S, Jahani M, Tayarani-Najaran Z, Golmohammadzadeh S, Kamali H. Implementation of design of experiments for optimization of forced degradation conditions and development of a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for sepiwhite. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4299-4312. [PMID: 34669262 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sepiwhite is a novel anti-pigmenting agent that is derived from fatty acid and phenylalanine and used for hyperpigmentation induced by light exposure or inflammation. In this study, a simple and validated high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantitation of sepiwhite was developed. Optimized forced degradation of sepiwhite at thermal, acid/base, photolysis, oxidative, and heavy metal ions conditions were evaluated and the effect of each of them on production of specific 10%-30% degradants was studied by the approach of design of experiments. Sepiwhite accelerated study was conducted and toxicity of sepiwhite at each condition was tested. An optimized high-performance liquid chromatography method was validated by a face-centered central composition design. Ten different degradants were identified from sepiwhite and degradation behavior under different conditions was studied. Sepiwhite and its degradant products show no cytotoxicity. This optimized high-performance liquid chromatography method can be applied for quality control assay and sepiwhite degradation behavior may be considered in the manufacturing of sepiwhite products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Davoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Majidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Jahani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shiva Golmohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ardila JA, de Alvarenga Junior BR, Durango LC, Soares FLF, Perlatti B, de Oliveira Cardoso J, Oliveira RV, Forim MR, Carneiro RL. Design of experiments applied to stress testing of pharmaceutical products: A case study of Albendazole. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 165:105939. [PMID: 34284097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Forced degradation tests are studies used to assess the stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their formulations. These tests are performed submitting the API under extreme conditions in order to know the main degradation products in a short period of time. The results of these studies are used to assess the degradation susceptibility of APIs and to validate chromatographic analytical methods. However, most of degradation studies are performed using one-factor-at-the-time (OFAT) which does not consider the interactions between degradation variables. This work proposes the use of Design of Experiment (DoE) approach in forced degradation of albendazole (ABZ). It was used a central composite design (CCD) to evaluate the forced degradation in a multivariate way. Experiments were performed taking into account the variables pH, temperature, oxidizing agent (H2O2) and UV radiation. It was verified the influence of the variables and their interactions on the ABZ degradation. The ABZ oxidation showed to be the main degradation route for ABZ, which is strongly influenced by the temperature. The hydrolysis was relevant at alkaline medium and high temperature. LC-IT-MSn was used to identify the degradation products. It was found three known degradation products (albendazole-2-amino, albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone) and a new derivate of albendazole molecule (albendazole sulfoxide with a chlorine). This last one was isolated and characterized by UPLC-QToF-MS and NMR analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Armando Ardila
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Cuadrado Durango
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Perlatti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 90095, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Regina Vincenzi Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Moacir Rossi Forim
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Lajarim Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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14
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Patel M, Kothari C. Comprehensive stability-indicating method development of Avanafil Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor using advanced Quality-by-Design approach. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAvanafil (AV) is the phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5 inhibitor drug used in erectile dysfunction, having pyrrolidine, pyrimidine, carboxamide, and chlorine as functional groups which can easily break by environmental changes and cause toxicity. Henceforth, in detail, HPLC stability study with the Quality-by-Design (QbD) approach is presented which leads to recommended storage conditions. The stability of AV was analyzed in hydrolysis, photolysis, and thermal and oxidative conditions. The application of the QbD approach during the stability method development comprises steps as screening and optimization. Quality target product profile (QTPP) was defined, and critical quality attributes (CQAs) were assigned to meet the QTPP requirements. Primary parameters obtained from the Ishikawa diagram were studied via Placket–Burman, and four critical factors were optimized through the central composite design (CCD). The finalized method includes mobile phase [10 mM ammonium acetate, pH 4.5 adjusted by acetic acid:ACN (60:40, v/v)] at 0.9-mL/min flow rate and 239-nm wavelength. A control strategy was set up to ensure that the method repeatedly meets the acceptance criteria. Overall, 16 degradation product peaks of AV in all conditions (solid and solution state) were identified with optimized method and evaluated by HPLC-PDA study. A comprehensive systemic optimization of AV stability study is stated for the first time, which reveals that AV is prone to degrade in sunlight, moisture, and temperature. Global regulators and manufacturers should take care of the packaging, handling, and labeling of AV. A fully validated LC–MS compatible stability method can be successfully applied to monitor AV stability from its formulation which can be wisely extrapolated to assess the AV from biological samples.
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El-Sayed HM, Hashem H. Quality by Design Strategy for Simultaneous HPLC Determination of Bromhexine HCl and Its Metabolite Ambroxol HCl in Dosage Forms and Plasma. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03924-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Katakam LNR, Dongala T. Quality by design with design of experiments approach for the development of a stability‐indicating LC method for benzonatate and its impurities in liquid oral dosage form. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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17
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M Abdel-Aal FA, Abbas NS, Saleh GA. Factorial approach for the optimization and development of stability indicating study of the contraceptive suspension for injection(Depo-Provera®). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 230:118058. [PMID: 32004868 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The study involves use of factorial design for optimization of forced degradation conditions and development of stability indicating method for medroxyprogestrone acetate (MPA) or depo-provera as known in the market. MPA is an important contraceptive and anticancer drug especially for treatment of breast cancer and it is the first time to study the different conditions affecting its stability. MPA was subjected to different variables such as solvent type, pH and the time subjected to UV light. Factorial design has been used during forced degradation to determine significant factors responsible for degradation and to optimize degradation conditions reaching maximum degradation. Factors responsible for forced degradation were statistically evaluated using Bubble and Surface plots. Variables proved to be significant (p < 0.05) and the suggested model represented a perfect example for indicating the efficiency of factorial designs in optimizing the degradation conditions that give maximum percent of degradation. We investigated also the solubility and stability profiles of MPA in aqueous solutions. Stability study results showed a very low stability profile of MPA in all the aqueous solutions with rapid degradation rate more than other solvents. The current research may contribute to enrich the knowledge of the physicochemical properties of this drug for exploring its full anticancer potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A M Abdel-Aal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Noha S Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt; Pharmacist in the General Eman Hospital, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
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Deshpande N, Kamble P, Kulkarni S, Gawande V. Optimized and Validated Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Nadolol. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Liu Y, Romijn EP, Verniest G, Laukens K, De Vijlder T. Mass spectrometry-based structure elucidation of small molecule impurities and degradation products in pharmaceutical development. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Roberto de Alvarenga Junior B, Lajarim Carneiro R. Chemometrics Approaches in Forced Degradation Studies of Pharmaceutical Drugs. Molecules 2019; 24:E3804. [PMID: 31652589 PMCID: PMC6833076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemometrics is the chemistry field responsible for planning and extracting the maximum of information of experiments from chemical data using mathematical tools (linear algebra, statistics, and so on). Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can form impurities when exposed to excipients or environmental variables such as light, high temperatures, acidic or basic conditions, humidity, and oxidative environment. By considering that these impurities can affect the safety and efficacy of the drug product, it is necessary to know how these impurities are yielded and to establish the pathway of their formation. In this context, forced degradation studies of pharmaceutical drugs have been used for the characterization of physicochemical stability of APIs. These studies are also essential in the validation of analytical methodologies, in order to prove the selectivity of methods for the API and its impurities and to create strategies to avoid the formation of degradation products. This review aims to demonstrate how forced degradation studies have been actually performed and the applications of chemometric tools in related studies. Some papers are going to be discussed to exemplify the chemometric applications in forced degradation studies.
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Shelke M, Deshpande SS, Sharma S. Quinquennial Review of Progress in Degradation Studies and Impurity Profiling: An Instrumental Perspective Statistics. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:226-253. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1615863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Shelke
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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Development of analytical method by free solution capillary electrophoresis for furosemide under stress degradation. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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23
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Kant R, Bodla RB, Bhutani R, Kapoor G. Enantioselective Box Behenken Optimized HPLC-DAD Method for the Simultaneous Estimation of Alogliptin Enantiomorphs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and their Pharmacokinetic Study in Rat Plasma. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:147-158. [PMID: 31011569 PMCID: PMC6468233 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: A stereoselective high performance liquid chromatographic analytical method with
photodiode array detector was developed and validated as per the International Conference
on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines for the determination of alogliptin (ALO) enantiomers in
formulations and rat plasma.
Methods: Enantiomeric separation was performed on a Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-2 chiral
column. Box-Behnken design was used to identify the optimum conditions of the three
independent variables for the desired output responses.
Results: The HPLC peaks of ALO enantiomers and the internal standard pioglitazone were
achieved before 8 min with a resolution of 0.77 min between R and S enantiomer and resolution
of more than 2.0 between each enantiomer and pioglitazone (internal) with more than 95%
recovery. The linearity range and the limit of quantification of both the enantiomers in rat plasma
were 10-70 ng mL-1 and 1.2 ng mL-1 respectively.
Conclusion: The developed method after validation was successfully applied for estimation of ALO enantiomers in formulations. Single oral dose of 25 mg of the ALO racemate tablets were
administered to a group of 6 healthy rats for a comparative pharmacokinetic study of both the
enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, University of Delhi, Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, Mehrauli Badarpur Road, New Delhi -110017, India
| | - Ramesh Babu Bodla
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, University of Delhi, Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, Mehrauli Badarpur Road, New Delhi -110017, India
| | - Rubina Bhutani
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, University of Delhi, Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, Mehrauli Badarpur Road, New Delhi -110017, India
| | - Garima Kapoor
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, University of Delhi, Sector 3 Pushp Vihar, Mehrauli Badarpur Road, New Delhi -110017, India
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Thakur K, Sharma G, Singh B, Chhibber S, Katare OP. Analytical QbD-Integrated Method Development and Validation of Silver Sulphadiazine in Pure Drug and Topical Nanocarrier(s). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2018.1552537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014, India
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Patil TS, Deshpande AS. Development of an Innovative Quality by Design (QbD) Based Stability-Indicating HPLC Method and its Validation for Clofazimine from its Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Critical review of reports on impurity and degradation product profiling in the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gumieniczek A, Trębacz H, Komsta Ł, Atras A, Jopa B, Szumiło M, Popiołek Ł. DSC, FT-IR, NIR, NIR-PCA and NIR-ANOVA for determination of chemical stability of diuretic drugs: impact of excipients. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
It is well known that drugs can directly react with excipients. In addition, excipients can be a source of impurities that either directly react with drugs or catalyze their degradation. Thus, binary mixtures of three diuretics, torasemide, furosemide and amiloride with different excipients, i.e. citric acid anhydrous, povidone K25 (PVP), magnesium stearate (Mg stearate), lactose, D-mannitol, glycine, calcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (CaHPO4) and starch, were examined to detect interactions. High temperature and humidity or UV/VIS irradiation were applied as stressing conditions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FT-IR and NIR were used to adequately collect information. In addition, chemometric assessments of NIR signals with principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA were applied.
Between the excipients examined, lactose and starch did not show any interactions while citric acid, PVP, Mg stearate and glycine were peculiarly operative. Some of these interactions were shown without any stress, while others were caused or accelerated by high temperature and humidity, and less by UV/VIS light. Based on these results, potential mechanisms for the observed interactions were proposed Finally, we conclude that selection of appropriate excipients for torasemide, furosemide and amiloride is an important question to minimize their degradation processes, especially when new types of formulations are being manufactured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gumieniczek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 , Lublin , Poland
| | - Hanna Trębacz
- Department of Biophysics , Medical University of Lublin , Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 , Lublin , Poland
| | - Łukasz Komsta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 , Lublin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Atras
- Department of Biophysics , Medical University of Lublin , Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 , Lublin , Poland
| | - Beata Jopa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 , Lublin , Poland
| | - Michał Szumiło
- Department of Applied Pharmacy , Medical University of Lublin , Chodźki 1, 20-093 , Lublin , Poland
| | - Łukasz Popiołek
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Medical University of Lublin , Chodźki 4, 20-093 , Lublin , Poland
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Kim KS, Yang ES, Kim DS, Kim DW, Yong CS, Kim JO, Jin SG, Choi HG. Degradation kinetics study of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) by a validated stability-indicating RP-HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 149:374-380. [PMID: 29145099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemical stability of 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG), a therapeutic agent for neutropenia, was investigated using a validated stability-indicating reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method. The forced degradation of PLAG was carried out under the stress conditions of hydrolysis (alkaline, acidic and various pH buffers), oxidation, photolysis and heat. A simple, sensitive, specific, robust, precise and accurate RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for evaluating the degradation kinetics of PLAG. The chromatographic validation of various parameters, such as system suitability, detection limit, quantification limit, linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and stability, was achieved. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy and precision over the concentration range of 0.7813-100μg/mL (r2=0.9999). The proposed method provided excellent stability study of PLAG indicated by the resolution of degradation products from the drug. Degradation of PLAG provided first order kinetics under all experimental conditions. PLAG was catalysed more rapidly in alkaline and acidic conditions than in neutral conditions. PLAG was relatively stable in photolytic and oxidative conditions compared to hydrolysis and thermal conditions, although this drug was not also stable in these conditions. Exposed to high temperature, PLAG was more rapidly catalysed. The activation energy evaluated from the Arrhenius plot was about 110kJ/mol in the thermal conditions. Additionally, PLAG with a t1/2 of about 400h was very stable at room temperature. Therefore, PLAG was considerably influenced by alkaline and acidic hydrolysis, and thermal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, 33 Dongin-ro, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Su Yang
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Shik Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Dae-Dong, Gyongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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Patel MN, Kothari CS. Review on Implementation of Multivariate Approach for Forced Degradation Study and Impurity Profiling with Regulatory Considerations. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sahu PK, Ramisetti NR, Cecchi T, Swain S, Patro CS, Panda J. An overview of experimental designs in HPLC method development and validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:590-611. [PMID: 28579052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemometric approaches have been increasingly viewed as precious complements to high performance liquid chromatographic practices, since a large number of variables can be simultaneously controlled to achieve the desired separations. Moreover, their applications may efficiently identify and optimize the significant factors to accomplish competent results through limited experimental trials. The present manuscript discusses usefulness of various chemometric approaches in high and ultra performance liquid chromatography for (i) methods development from dissolution studies and sample preparation to detection, considering the progressive substitution of traditional detectors with tandem mass spectrometry instruments and the importance of stability indicating assays (ii) method validation through screening and optimization designs. Choice of appropriate types of experimental designs so as to either screen the most influential factors or optimize the selected factors' combination and the mathematical models in chemometry have been briefly recalled and the advantages of chemometric approaches have been emphasized. The evolution of the design of experiments to the Quality by Design paradigm for method development has been reviewed and the Six Sigma practice as a quality indicator in chromatography has been explained. Chemometric applications and various strategies in chromatographic separations have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafulla Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Ramisetti
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, Telangana, India.
| | - Teresa Cecchi
- Chemistry Department, ITT MONTANI, Via Montani 7, 63900, Fermo, FM, Italy.
| | - Suryakanta Swain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SIMS College of Pharmacy, Mangaladas Nagar, Vijayawada Road, Guntur, 522 001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Patro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jagadeesh Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Šljivić J, Protić A, Otašević B, Golubović J, Zečević M, Krmar J. Multicriteria Optimization Methodology in Stability-Indicating Method Development of Cilazapril and Hydrochlorothiazide. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:625-637. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Garnero C, Chattah AK, Longhi M. Stability of furosemide polymorphs and the effects of complex formation with β-cyclodextrin and maltodextrin. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:598-604. [PMID: 27516309 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the formation of supramolecular binary complexes with β-cyclodextrin and maltodextrin on the chemical and physical stability of the polymorphs I and II of furosemide was evaluated in solid state. The solid samples were placed under accelerated storage conditions and exposed to daylight into a stability chamber for a 6-month. Chemical stability was monitored by high performance liquid chromatography, while the physical stability was studied by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Changes in the physical appearance of the samples were evaluated. The studies showed a significant stabilizing effect of β-cyclodextrin on furosemide form II. Our results suggest that the complex formation is a useful tool for improving the stability of furosemide polymorphs. These new complexes are promising candidates that can be used in the pharmaceutical industry for the preparation of alternative matrices that improve physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Garnero
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET-UNC and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Ana Karina Chattah
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física and IFEG (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marcela Longhi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET-UNC and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
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Cies JJ, Moore WS, Chopra A, Lu G, Mason RW. Stability of furosemide and chlorothiazide stored in syringes. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 72:2182-8. [PMID: 26637518 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp150023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The results of a study to determine the stability of solutions of furosemide and chlorothiazide over 96 hours are reported. METHODS Chlorothiazide and furosemide were diluted in 5% dextrose USP to final concentrations of 10 and 1 mg/mL, respectively, and combined. In addition, sample solutions of chlorothiazide in dextrose, furosemide in dextrose, and dextrose alone were prepared for control purposes. The resulting solutions were analyzed immediately after preparation and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours later using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) system with an electrospray ionization source. Mixtures and samples were diluted 10,000-fold prior to LC-MS/MS analysis so that concentrations of both drugs would be within the assay's linear range of detection. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis showed that chlorothiazide typically eluted at 2.6 minutes and furosemide at 4.8 minutes. Each compound was degraded by exposure to strong ultraviolet light in a time-dependent manner. Both unmixed and mixed solutions retained over 90% of the original concentrations of chlorothiazide and furosemide for up to 96 hours. Furosemide and chlorothiazide are commonly used concomitantly to maximize diuresis in pediatric patients; the study findings suggest that solutions of furosemide and chlorothiazide can be combined in the same syringe without loss of stability for up to 96 hours. CONCLUSION Solutions of chlorothiazide (10 mg/mL) and furosemide (1 mg/mL) stored either separately or together in polypropylene syringes remained stable for up to 96 hours at room temperature and protected from light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Cies
- Jeffrey J. Cies, Pharm.D., M.P.H., BCPS (AQ-ID), is Pharmacist, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, and Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE. Wayne S. Moore II, Pharm.D., is Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children. Arun Chopra, M.D., is Clinician, NYU Langone Medical Center, and Chief, Section of Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY. Guizhen Lu, B.S., is Research Assistant; and Robert W. Mason, Ph.D., is Head of Clinical Biochemistry, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children.
| | - Wayne S Moore
- Jeffrey J. Cies, Pharm.D., M.P.H., BCPS (AQ-ID), is Pharmacist, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, and Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE. Wayne S. Moore II, Pharm.D., is Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children. Arun Chopra, M.D., is Clinician, NYU Langone Medical Center, and Chief, Section of Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY. Guizhen Lu, B.S., is Research Assistant; and Robert W. Mason, Ph.D., is Head of Clinical Biochemistry, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
| | - Arun Chopra
- Jeffrey J. Cies, Pharm.D., M.P.H., BCPS (AQ-ID), is Pharmacist, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, and Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE. Wayne S. Moore II, Pharm.D., is Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children. Arun Chopra, M.D., is Clinician, NYU Langone Medical Center, and Chief, Section of Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY. Guizhen Lu, B.S., is Research Assistant; and Robert W. Mason, Ph.D., is Head of Clinical Biochemistry, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
| | - Guizhen Lu
- Jeffrey J. Cies, Pharm.D., M.P.H., BCPS (AQ-ID), is Pharmacist, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, and Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE. Wayne S. Moore II, Pharm.D., is Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children. Arun Chopra, M.D., is Clinician, NYU Langone Medical Center, and Chief, Section of Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY. Guizhen Lu, B.S., is Research Assistant; and Robert W. Mason, Ph.D., is Head of Clinical Biochemistry, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
| | - Robert W Mason
- Jeffrey J. Cies, Pharm.D., M.P.H., BCPS (AQ-ID), is Pharmacist, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, and Pharmacy Clinical Coordinator, Critical Care, and Infectious Diseases Clinical Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE. Wayne S. Moore II, Pharm.D., is Pharmacist, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children. Arun Chopra, M.D., is Clinician, NYU Langone Medical Center, and Chief, Section of Critical Care Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY. Guizhen Lu, B.S., is Research Assistant; and Robert W. Mason, Ph.D., is Head of Clinical Biochemistry, Nemours Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
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Beg S, Jain A, Kaur R, Panda SS, Katare OP, Singh B. QbD-driven development and validation of an efficient bioanalytical UPLC method for estimation of olmesartan medoxomil. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1206023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Beg
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Atul Jain
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjot Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sagar Suman Panda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - O. P. Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhupinder Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- UGC-Centre of Excellence in Applications of Nanomaterials, Nanoparticles and Nanocomposites (Biomedical Sciences), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Sonawane S, Jadhav S, Rahade P, Chhajed S, Kshirsagar S. Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating Method for Estimation of Chlorthalidone in Bulk and Tablets with the Use of Experimental Design in Forced Degradation Experiments. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:4286482. [PMID: 27123364 PMCID: PMC4830733 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4286482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chlorthalidone was subjected to various forced degradation conditions. Substantial degradation of chlorthalidone was obtained in acid, alkali, and oxidative conditions. Further full factorial experimental design was applied for acid and alkali forced degradation conditions, in which strength of acid/alkali, temperature, and time of heating were considered as independent variables (factors) and % degradation was considered as dependent variable (response). Factors responsible for acid and alkali degradation were statistically evaluated using Yates analysis and Pareto chart. Furthermore, using surface response curve, optimized 10% degradation was obtained. All chromatographic separation was carried out on Phenomenex HyperClone C 18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ), using mobile phase comprising methanol : acetonitrile : phosphate buffer (20 mM) (pH 3.0 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid): 30 : 10 : 60% v/v. The flow rate was kept constant at 1 mL/min and eluent was detected at 241 nm. In calibration curve experiments, linearity was found to be in the range of 2-12 μg/mL. Validation experiments proved good accuracy and precision of the method. Also there was no interference of excipients and degradation products at the retention time of chlorthalidone, indicating specificity of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sonawane
- MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra State 422003, India
| | - Sneha Jadhav
- MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra State 422003, India
| | - Priya Rahade
- MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra State 422003, India
| | - Santosh Chhajed
- MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra State 422003, India
| | - Sanjay Kshirsagar
- MET's Institute of Pharmacy, MET League of Colleges, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik, Maharashtra State 422003, India
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Patel RB, Naregalkar NS, Patel MR. Stability-Indicating HPTLC Method for Quantitative Estimation of Asenapine Maleate in Pharmaceutical Formulations, Equilibrium Solubility, andex vivoDiffusion Studies. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin B. Patel
- A.R. College of Pharmacy and G.H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Anand, India
| | - Neha S. Naregalkar
- A.R. College of Pharmacy and G.H. Patel Institute of Pharmacy, Anand, India
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Yadav NK, Raghuvanshi A, Sharma G, Beg S, Katare OP, Nanda S. QbD-Based Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating HPLC Method for Estimating Ketoprofen in Bulk Drug and Proniosomal Vesicular System. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 54:377-89. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Szabó ZI, Réti ZZ, Gagyi L, Kis EL, Sipos E. Simultaneous quantification of related substances of perindopril tert-butylamine using a novel stability indicating liquid chromatographic method. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:424-30. [PMID: 25616989 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel stability indicating gradient reverse-phased high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantification of impurities of perindopril tert-butylamine (PER) in pharmaceutical dosage form. Separation of the active substance and its known (Impurities B, C, D, E, F) and unknown impurities was achieved on a BDS Hypersil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm), thermostated at 70°C, using a mobile phase comprised of aqueous solution of sodium 1-heptanesulfonate adjusted to pH 2 with perchloric acid and acetonitrile. The flow rate was maintained at 1.5 mL min(-1), injection volume of 20 µL was utilized and detection of analytes was performed at 215 nm. The developed method was validated in accordance with current ICH Guidelines for all suggested parameters, including forced degradation studies and proved to be linear, accurate, precise and suitable for the impurity testing of PER, being subsequently applied during on-going stability studies of a newly developed generic formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, Tîrgu Mureş RO-540139, Romania
| | | | - László Gagyi
- Vim Spectrum, Sos. Sighisoarei 409, Corunca, Romania
| | | | - Emese Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Gheorghe Marinescu 38, Tîrgu Mureş RO-540139, Romania
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Beg S, Sharma G, Katare O, Lohan S, Singh B. Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating Liquid Chromatographic Method for Estimating Olmesartan Medoxomil Using Quality by Design. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1048-59. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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