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Hébert MPA, Selka A, Lebel AA, Doiron JA, Isabel Chiasson A, Gauvin VL, Matthew AJ, Hébert MJG, Doucet MS, Joy AP, Barnett DA, Touaibia M, Surette ME, Boudreau LH. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester analogues as selective inhibitors of 12-lipoxygenase product biosynthesis in human platelets. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110419. [PMID: 37295028 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an essential process for the host defence against pathogens. Lipid mediators are important in coordinating the pro-inflammatory and pro-resolution phases of the inflammatory process. However, unregulated production of these mediators has been associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that enzymes implicated in the production of these lipid mediators have been targeted for potential therapeutic approaches. Amongst these inflammatory molecules, the 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE) is abundantly produced in several diseases and is primarily biosynthesized via the platelet's 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) pathway. To this day, very few compounds selectively inhibit the 12-LO pathway, and most importantly, none are currently used in the clinical settings. In this study, we investigated a series of polyphenol analogues of natural polyphenols that inhibit the 12-LO pathway in human platelets without affecting other normal functions of the cell. Using an ex vivo approach, we found one compound that selectively inhibited the 12-LO pathway, with IC50 values as low as 0.11 µM, with minimal inhibition of other lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase pathways. More importantly, our data show that none of the compounds tested induced significant off-target effects on either the platelet's activation or its viability. In the continuous search for specific and better inhibitors targeting the regulation of inflammation, we characterized two novel inhibitors of the 12-LO pathway that could be promising for subsequent in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu P A Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Ayyoub Selka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andréa A Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Jérémie A Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Audrey Isabel Chiasson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Vanessa L Gauvin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Alexis J Matthew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Martin J G Hébert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Marco S Doucet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andrew P Joy
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - David A Barnett
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada.
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18 Antonine-Maillet Avenue, Moncton, New Brunswick E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Center for Precision Medicine, 27 Providence Street, Moncton, New Brunswick E1C 8X3, Canada.
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Eligini S, Munno M, Atlas D, Banfi C. N-acetylcysteine Amide AD4/NACA and Thioredoxin Mimetic Peptides Inhibit Platelet Aggregation and Protect against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1395. [PMID: 37507934 PMCID: PMC10376080 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the effect of small-molecular-weight redox molecules on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. We used N-acetylcysteine amide (AD4/NACA), the amide form of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant with improved lipophilicity and bioavailability compared to NAC, and the thioredoxin-mimetic (TXM) peptides, TXM-CB3, TXM-CB13, and TXM-CB30. All compounds significantly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, with TXM-peptides and AD4 being more effective than NAC. The levels of TxB2 and 12-HETE, the main metabolites derived from the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways following platelet activation, were significantly reduced in the presence of AD4, TXM peptides, or NAC, when tested at the highest concentration (0.6 mM). The effects of AD4, TXM-peptides, and NAC were also tested on the clotting time (CT) of whole blood. TXM-CB3 and TXM-CB30 showed the greatest increase in CT. Furthermore, two representative compounds, TXM-CB3 and NAC, showed an increase in the anti-oxidant free sulfhydryl groups of plasma detected via Ellman's method, suggesting a contribution of plasma factors to the antiaggregating effects. Our results suggest that these small-molecular-weight redox peptides might become useful for the prevention and/or treatment of oxidative stress conditions associated with platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Munno
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Daphne Atlas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Cristina Banfi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Functional Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Network Analysis, 20138 Milan, Italy
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N-Acetylcysteine Inhibits Platelet Function through the Regeneration of the Non-Oxidative Form of Albumin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030445. [PMID: 35326096 PMCID: PMC8944739 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to break down protein disulfides, generating free thiols. This mechanism occurs on mixed disulfides of albumin (HSA) to form mercaptoalbumin (HMA), the main antioxidant species in the plasma. Circulating HSA exists in two main forms: the reduced form (HMA), and the oxidized forms, whose predominant modification is cystenylation (HSA-Cys). Increased levels of oxidized HSA have been detected in several diseases associated with oxidative stress. This study showed that NAC inhibits platelet aggregation by restoring HMA. In addition, the regeneration of HMA by NAC inhibits platelet functions such as intracellular calcium mobilization, reactive oxygen species generation, arachidonic acid metabolites synthesis, and adhesion to the collagen matrix. In our conditions, the exposure of platelets to NAC did not increase GSH levels. However, the inhibition of platelet aggregation was also detected following treatment of platelet-rich plasma with GSH, which, similarly to NAC, reduced HSA-Cys levels. Furthermore, this study showed that cysteine, another compound able to restore HMA by reducing the HSA-Cys content, inhibited platelet aggregation to a similar extent as NAC. The results obtained in this study suggest a new mechanism by which NAC can modulate platelet activation and suggest its possible use as an antiplatelet drug in conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Yuui K, Kudo R, Kasuda S. Arterial thromboxane A2-induced transient contraction after IL-1β exposure. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221077946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in systemic inflammation and infection is well recognized. However, there are few reports on the involvement of prostanoids in warm shock (the initial pathology of sepsis). Previous studies showed that interleukin (IL)-1β causes a rapid inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO)-mediated relaxation in peripheral blood vessels during warm shock. Furthermore, a transient contraction was seen before this relaxation occurred. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of this transient contraction. We measured isometric tension changes in the superior mesenteric arteries from normal male Wistar rats by adding IL-1β at the point of maximum contraction by phenylephrine (Ph). The same study was performed for each vessel pretreated with various inhibitors, including SQ29548, a TXA2 receptor antagonist, 30 min before Ph contraction. In addition, the concentration of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in SMA was measured by probe electrospray ionization. Treatment of endothelial vessels with cyclooxygenase 1 (COX1)/2 inhibitors SC560/NS398 and TXA2 receptor antagonist SQ29548 suppressed IL-1β–induced transient contractions. This transient contraction reaction was derived from TXA2. Additionally, gene expression of COX2/TXA2 synthetase and the concentration of TXB2 were significantly increased in IL-1β-exposed vessels. It was demonstrated for the first time in inflamed blood vessels that endothelial cell-derived COX2/TXA2 is induced before iNOS and causes transient contractions. TXA2 may be considered an early sign of warm shock or as a biological defense mechanism in the early stages of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Yuui
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Risa Kudo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Shogo Kasuda
- Department of Legal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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Ishikawa R, Saito K, Matsumura T, Arai K, Yamauchi S, Goda R, Tachiki H, Kawabata M, Nitta SI, Nagao A, Suga T, Uchiyama H, Nakai K, Asahina K, Yamaoka M, Saito Y. A multilaboratory validation study of LC/MS biomarker assays for three lysophosphatidylcholines. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1533-1546. [PMID: 34696608 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Although the fit-for-purpose approach has been proposed for validation procedures and acceptance criteria for biomarker assays, practical biomarker assays to facilitate clinical application and regulatory documents on biomarker assays remain limited. Materials & methods: We assigned six independent laboratories and selected three lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs): LPC(16:0), LPC(18:0) and LPC(18:1) as model biomarkers. Using LC-MS, the following key validation parameters were evaluated: calibration curve, carryover, parallelism, precision and relative accuracy and these values were similar among all laboratories. Further, we determined LPC levels in six lots of rat plasma at unknown concentrations and compared them among the laboratories. Conclusion: Our multilaboratory validation and reproducibility data are useful for the development of future biomarker assay validation procedures, as well as regulatory documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Ishikawa
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | | | - Koji Arai
- LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, 101-8517, Japan
| | | | - Ryoya Goda
- Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd, Tokyo, 140-8710, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Keiko Nakai
- LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, 101-8517, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medical Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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Fabian J, Mergemeier K, Lehr M. Evaluation of inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade with intact platelets using an on-line dilution and on-line solid phase extraction HPLC-MS method. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 155:106551. [PMID: 33940184 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An automatic on-line dilution/on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) system has been developed for the detection of metabolites of the arachidonic acid cascade in platelets. The method allows the direct injection of larger quantities of centrifugates from cell suspensions previously treated with an equal volume of an acetonitrile/methanol mixture for protein precipitation. The method was used to study the effect of inhibitors of platelet arachidonic acid cascade enzymes (cytosolic phospholipase A2α, cyclooxygenase-1, thromboxane synthase, 12-lipoxygenase) and related targets (cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, 5-lipoxygenase) in intact platelets after stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187. In addition to enzyme inhibition, the cell-damaging properties of the test compounds was determined by measuring the release of serotonin from the platelets into the incubation buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fabian
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Kira Mergemeier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Lehr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstrasse 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Al Baki MA, Chandra Roy M, Lee DH, Stanley D, Kim Y. The prostanoids, thromboxanes, mediate hemocytic immunity to bacterial infection in the lepidopteran Spodoptera exigua. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 120:104069. [PMID: 33737116 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new insect prostanoid in a lepidopteran insect, Spodoptera exigua. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was detected by LC-MS/MS in extracts of larval epidermis, midgut, fat body and hemocytes, with highest amounts in hemocytes (about 300 ng/g tissue with substantial variation). Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is an unstable intermediate that is non-enzymatically hydrolyzed into the stable TXB2. In S. exigua, both thromboxanes mediate at least two cellular immune responses to bacterial infection, hemocyte-spreading behavior and nodule formation. At the molecular level, a TXA2 synthase (SeTXAS) was identified from a group of 139 S. exigua cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. SeTXAS was highly similar to mammalian TXAS genes and is expressed in all developmental stages and four tested larval tissues. Immune challenge significantly enhanced SeTXAS expression, especially in hemocytes. RNA interference (RNAi) injections using gene-specific double stranded RNA led to reduced SeTXAS expression and suppressed the cellular immune responses, which were rescued following TXA2 or TXB2 injections. Unlike other PGs, TXA2 or TXB2 did not influence oocyte development in adult females. We infer that thromboxanes are present in insect tissues, where they mediate innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullah Al Baki
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea
| | - Miltan Chandra Roy
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Lee
- Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea
| | - David Stanley
- Biological Control of Insect Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, 1503 South Providence Road, Columbia, MO, 65203, USA
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Plant Medicals, College of Life Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 36729, South Korea.
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Simultaneous Quantitation of Lipid Biomarkers for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using LC-MS/MS. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020106. [PMID: 33673198 PMCID: PMC7918109 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are key mediators and regulators of inflammation and oxidative stress that are often used as biomarkers for severity and therapeutic responses in various diseases. We here report a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of at least 66 key eicosanoids in a widely used murine model of colitis. Chromatographic separation was achieved with Shim-Pack XR-ODSIII, 150 × 2.00 mm, 2.2 µm. The mobile phase was operated in gradient conditions and consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid in water with a total flow of 0.37 mL/min. This method is sensitive, with a limit of quantification ranging from 0.01 to 1 ng/mL for the various analytes, has a large dynamic range (200 ng/mL), and a total run time of 25 min. The inter- and intraday accuracy (85-115%), precision (≥85%), and recovery (40-90%) met the acceptance criteria per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. This method was successfully applied to evaluate eicosanoid metabolites in mice subjected to colitis versus untreated, healthy control mice. In summary, we developed a highly sensitive and fast LC-MS/MS method that can be used to identify biomarkers for inflammation and potentially help in prognosis of the disease in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, including the response to therapy.
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Amadio P, Porro B, Cavalca V, Barbieri SS, Eligini S, Fiorelli S, Di Minno A, Gorini A, Giuliani M, Werba JP, Cosentino N, Olivares P, Barbieri S, Veglia F, Tremoli E, Trabattoni D. Persistent long-term platelet activation and endothelial perturbation in women with Takotsubo syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111259. [PMID: 33450492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Takotsubo (TTS) syndrome is an acute cardiac condition characterized by transient and reversible left ventricle dysfunction that mainly affects postmenopausal women. Catecholamine burst is the most accredited mechanism underpinning TTS onset and leading to endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation. Even if the use of low dose acetylsalycilic acid (ASA) in this clinical setting is based on both clinical presentation and unfavorable long-term prognosis, its efficacy has been recently challenged. AIM This study was designed to assess endothelial function, residual thromboxane formation and platelet aggregation in TTS women on low-dose ASA treatment at long-term follow-up. METHODS Twenty-eight females with previously diagnosis of TTS syndrome were enrolled. Data were compared to those obtained from 23 coronary artery disease (CAD) women with a history of acute myocardial infarction, and 26 control subjects with no TTS or clinically evident CAD. Psychological and clinical profile were assessed in all study groups at the enrollment. Main metabolites involved in L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway, urinary prostacyclin, serum and urine thromboxane metabolites were measured by LCMS/MS methods. Thrombomodulin levels were quantified using an ELISA kit, and platelet aggregation, carried out on platelet rich-plasma, was induced by ADP or by epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NORE) and TRAP-6, alone or in association with ADP and evaluated by Born's method. RESULTS In TTS women an endothelial derangement, characterized by reduced citrulline production and increased thrombomodulin concentration, with no perturbation in prostacyclin levels, was evidenced. In addition, despite ASA treatment, TTS displayed a higher residual thromboxane formation, in parallel with an enhanced platelet response to compared to CAD. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlighted the presence of endothelial perturbation in TTS patients even at long-term from the index event. The residual thromboxane production and platelet aggregation still leave open the question about the use of low dose ASA in this clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessandra Gorini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy
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Compensate for or Minimize Matrix Effects? Strategies for Overcoming Matrix Effects in Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique: A Tutorial Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25133047. [PMID: 32635301 PMCID: PMC7412464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, mass spectrometry techniques, particularly when combined with separation methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography, have become increasingly important in pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food science applications because they afford high selectivity and sensitivity. However, mass spectrometry has limitations due to the matrix effects (ME), which can be particularly marked in complex mixes, when the analyte co-elutes together with other molecules, altering analysis results quantitatively. This may be detrimental during method validation, negatively affecting reproducibility, linearity, selectivity, accuracy, and sensitivity. Starting from literature and own experience, this review intends to provide a simple guideline for selecting the best operative conditions to overcome matrix effects in LC-MS techniques, to obtain the best result in the shortest time. The proposed methodology can be of benefit in different sectors, such as pharmaceutical, bio-analytical, environmental, and food sciences. Depending on the required sensitivity, analysts may minimize or compensate for ME. When sensitivity is crucial, analysis must try to minimize ME by adjusting MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or optimizing clean-up. On the contrary, to compensate for ME analysts should have recourse to calibration approaches depending on the availability of blank matrix. When blank matrices are available, calibration can occur through isotope labeled internal standards and matrix matched calibration standards; conversely, when blank matrices are not available, calibration can be performed through isotope labeled internal standards, background subtraction, or surrogate matrices. In any case, an adjusting of MS parameters, chromatographic conditions, or a clean-up are necessary.
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Di Minno A, Porro B, Turnu L, Manega CM, Eligini S, Barbieri S, Chiesa M, Poggio P, Squellerio I, Anesi A, Fiorelli S, Caruso D, Veglia F, Cavalca V, Tremoli E. Untargeted Metabolomics to Go beyond the Canonical Effect of Acetylsalicylic Acid. J Clin Med 2019; 9:jcm9010051. [PMID: 31878351 PMCID: PMC7020007 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given to its ability to irreversibly acetylate the platelet cyclooxygenase-1 enzyme, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is successfully employed for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Recently, an antitumoral effect of ASA in colorectal cancer has been increasingly documented. However, the molecular and metabolic mechanisms by which ASA exerts such effect is largely unknown. Using a new, untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry approach, we have analyzed urine samples from seven healthy participants that each ingested 100 mg of ASA once daily for 1 week. Of the 2007 features detected, 25 metabolites differing after ASA ingestion (nominal p < 0.05 and variable importance in projection (VIP) score > 1) were identified, and pathway analysis revealed low levels of glutamine and of metabolites involved in histidine and purine metabolisms. Likewise, consistent with an altered fatty acid β-oxidation process, a decrease in several short- and medium-chain acyl-carnitines was observed. An abnormal β-oxidation and a lower than normal glutamine availability suggests reduced synthesis of acetyl-Co-A, as they are events linked to one another and experimentally related to ASA antiproliferative effects. While giving an example of how untargeted metabolomics allows us to explore new clinical applications of drugs, the present data provide a direction to be pursued to test the therapeutic effects of ASA—e.g., the antitumoral effect—beyond cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Minno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Benedetta Porro
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.P.); (L.T.); (C.M.M.); (S.E.); (I.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Linda Turnu
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.P.); (L.T.); (C.M.M.); (S.E.); (I.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Chiara Maria Manega
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.P.); (L.T.); (C.M.M.); (S.E.); (I.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.P.); (L.T.); (C.M.M.); (S.E.); (I.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Simone Barbieri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Biostatistics, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Immunology and Functional Genomics, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Poggio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit for the Study of Aortic, Valvular and Coronary Pathologies, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Isabella Squellerio
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.P.); (L.T.); (C.M.M.); (S.E.); (I.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Andrea Anesi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | - Susanna Fiorelli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.P.); (L.T.); (C.M.M.); (S.E.); (I.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Biostatistics, 20138 Milan, Italy; (S.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Viviana Cavalca
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of Atherothrombosis, 20138 Milan, Italy; (B.P.); (L.T.); (C.M.M.); (S.E.); (I.S.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-58002345
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy;
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Ramsden CE, Yuan ZX, Horowitz MS, Zamora D, Majchrzak-Hong SF, Muhlhausler BS, Taha AY, Makrides M, Gibson RA. Temperature and time-dependent effects of delayed blood processing on oxylipin concentrations in human plasma. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 150:31-37. [PMID: 31568925 PMCID: PMC9125678 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidized derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids, collectively known as oxylipins, are labile bioactive mediators with diverse roles in human physiology and pathology. Oxylipins are increasingly being measured in plasma collected in clinical studies to investigate biological mechanisms and as pharmacodynamic biomarkers for nutrient-based and drug-based interventions. Whole blood is generally stored either on ice or at room temperature prior to processing. However, the potential impacts of delays in processing, and of temperature prior to processing, on oxylipin concentrations are incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of delayed processing of blood samples in a timeframe that is typical of a clinical laboratory setting, using typical storage temperatures, on concentrations of representative unesterified oxylipins measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. DESIGN Whole blood (drawn on three separate occasions from a single person) was collected into 5 mL purple-top potassium-EDTA tubes and stored for 0, 10, 20, 30, 60 or 120 min at room temperature or on wet ice, followed by centrifugation at 4 °C for 10 min with plasma collection. Each sample was run in duplicate, therefore there were six tubes and up to six data points at each time point for each oxylipin at each condition (ice/room temperature). Representative oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and linoleic acid were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Longitudinal models were used to estimate differences between temperature groups 2 h after blood draw. RESULTS We found that most oxylipins measured in human plasma in traditional potassium-EDTA tubes are reasonably stable when stored on ice for up to 2 h prior to processing, with little evidence of auto-oxidation in either condition. By contrast, in whole blood stored at room temperature, substantial time-dependent increases in the 12-lipoxygenase-derived (12-HETE, 14-HDHA) and platelet-derived (thromboxane B2) oxylipins were observed. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that certain plasma oxylipins can be measured with reasonable accuracy despite delayed processing for up to 2 h when blood is stored on ice prior to centrifugation. 12-Lipoxygenase- and platelet-derived oxylipins may be particularly sensitive to post-collection artifact with delayed processing at room temperature. Future studies are needed to determine impacts of duration and temperature of centrifugation on oxylipin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Ramsden
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Zhi-Xin Yuan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark S Horowitz
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daisy Zamora
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sharon F Majchrzak-Hong
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ameer Y Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Maria Makrides
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Porro B, Di Minno A, Rocca B, Fiorelli S, Eligini S, Turnu L, Barbieri S, Parolari A, Tremoli E, Cavalca V. Characterization of aspirin esterase activity in health and disease: In vitro and ex vivo studies. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:119-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Manega CM, Fiorelli S, Porro B, Turnu L, Cavalca V, Bonomi A, Cosentino N, Di Minno A, Marenzi G, Tremoli E, Eligini S. 12(S)-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid downregulates monocyte-derived macrophage efferocytosis: New insights in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:336-342. [PMID: 31028904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(S)-HETE), a 12-lipooxygenase product of arachidonic acid, has been suggested in atherosclerosis. However, its effect on macrophage functions is not completely understood, so far. The uptake of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) by macrophages is an anti-inflammatory process, impaired in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. This process induces the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10), and it is regulated by Rho-GTPases, whose activation involves the isoprenylation, a modification inhibited by statins. We assessed 12-HETE levels in serum of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, and explored 12(S)-HETE in vitro effect on monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) efferocytosis. Sixty-four CAD patients and 24 healthy subjects (HS) were enrolled. Serum 12-HETE levels were measured using a tandem mass spectrometry method. MDMs, obtained from a spontaneous differentiation of adherent monocytes, were treated with 12(S)-HETE (10-50 ng/mL). Efferocytosis and RhoA activation were evaluated by flow cytometry. IL-10 was measured by ELISA. CAD patients showed increased 12-HETE serum levels compared to HS (665.2 [438.1-896.2] ng/mL and 525.1 [380.1-750.1] ng/mL, respectively, p < 0.05) and reduced levels of IL-10. MDMs expressed the 12(S)-HETE cognate receptor GPR31. CAD-derived MDMs displayed defective efferocytosis vs HS-MDMs (9.4 [7.7-11.3]% and 11.1 [9.6-14.1]% of MDMs that have engulfed apoptotic cells, respectively, p < 0.01). This reduction is marked in MDMs obtained from patients not treated with statin (9.3 [7.4-10.6]% statin-free CAD vs HS, p = 0.01; and 9.9 [8.6-11.6]% statin-treated CAD vs HS, p = 0.07). The in vitro treatment of MDMs with 12(S)-HETE (20 ng/mL) induced 20% decrease of efferocytosis (p < 0.01) and 71% increase of RhoA activated form (p < 0.05). Atorvastatin (0.1 μM) counteracted these 12(S)-HETE-mediated effects.These results show a 12(S)-HETE pro-inflammatory effect and suggest a new potential contribution of this mediator in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda Turnu
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alice Bonomi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Eligini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
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15
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Quantification of eicosanoids and their metabolites in biological matrices: a review. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:2027-2046. [PMID: 30412686 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantification of eicosanoids and their metabolites in biological samples remain an analytical challenge, even though a number of methodologies/techniques have been developed. The major difficulties encountered are related to the oxidation of eicosanoids and their low quantities in biological matrices. Among the known methodologies, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the standard method for eicosanoid quantification in biological samples. Recently advances have improved the ability to identify and simultaneous quantitate eicosanoids in biological matrices. The present article reviews the quantitative analysis of eicosanoids in different biological matrices by LC and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS and discusses important aspects to be considered during the collection, sample preparation and the generation of calibration curves required for eicosanoid analysis.
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16
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Minet V, Evrard J, Vancraeynest C, Dogné JM, Mullier F, Pochet L. Development and validation of a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of serotonin and thromboxane B2 from activated platelets. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:663-671. [PMID: 30019376 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Availability of a rapid and reliable platelet activation assay avoiding limitations of current techniques would be valuable to diagnose heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and platelet secretion disorders. OBJECTIVES The first aim was to develop and validate an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to quantify in a single run TxB2 synthesized and serotonin released from platelets. The second aim was to use our method in association with light transmission aggregometry (LTA) to select good platelet responders for the diagnosis of HIT. METHODS Electrospray ionization and chromatographic separation were optimized for the simultaneous dosage of serotonin and TxB2. The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) guideline for bioanalytical method validation. LTA was performed with monoclonal anti-CD9 (clone ALB6) as platelet activator to select good responders. RESULTS Detection was performed using a tandem mass spectrometer with alternated positive and negative electrospray ionization. The total run time was 6 minutes. The method was validated for calibration curves, precision, accuracy, lower limit of quantification, carry-over, selectivity, and matrix effect. Platelet response to ALB6 was highly variable among donors. CONCLUSION We developed and validated a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of TxB2 and serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine Minet
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Evrard
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Christelle Vancraeynest
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Dogné
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - François Mullier
- Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), NARILIS, Hemostasis Laboratory, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Lionel Pochet
- Department of Pharmacy, Namur Thrombosis and Hemostasis Center (NTHC), Namur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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Thakare R, Chhonker YS, Gautam N, Nelson A, Casaburi R, Criner G, Dransfield MT, Make B, Schmid KK, Rennard SI, Alnouti Y. Simultaneous LC-MS/MS analysis of eicosanoids and related metabolites in human serum, sputum and BALF. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:10.1002/bmc.4102. [PMID: 28975688 PMCID: PMC6003856 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The differences among individual eicosanoids in eliciting different physiological and pathological responses are largely unknown because of the lack of valid and simple analytical methods for the quantification of individual eicosanoids and their metabolites in serum, sputum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Therefore, a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 34 eicosanoids in human serum, sputum and BALF was developed and validated. This method is valid and sensitive with a limit of quantification ranging from 0.2 to 3 ng/mL for the various analytes, and has a large dynamic range (500 ng/mL) and a short run time (25 min). The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision values met the acceptance criteria according to US Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Using this method, detailed eicosanoid profiles were quantified in serum, sputum and BALF from a pilot human study. In summary, a reliable and simple LC-MS/MS method to quantify major eicosanoids and their metabolites was developed and applied to quantify eicosanoids in human various fluids, demonstrating its suitability to assess eicosanoid biomarkers in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhishikesh Thakare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yashpal S. Chhonker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amy Nelson
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Gerard Criner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T. Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, AL, USA
- Lung Health Center University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Barry Make
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Kendra K. Schmid
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Stephen I. Rennard
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Clinical Development Unit, Early Clinical Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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18
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Yasumoto A, Tokuoka SM, Kita Y, Shimizu T, Yatomi Y. Multiplex quantitative analysis of eicosanoid mediators in human plasma and serum: Possible introduction into clinical testing. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:98-104. [PMID: 29032044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoid mediators play important roles in maintaining the physiological and pathophysiological homeostasis in the body. Their measurements, however, are rarely performed in clinical practice. In the present study, we analyzed 30 varieties of eicosanoid mediators that were detectable in human plasma and serum collected from healthy donors, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry from the viewpoint of the clinical application of the multiplex quantitation of eicosanoid mediators. Wider variety of eicosanoid mediators were detected in serum (27 out of 30) than in plasma (14 out of 30), since the serum was thought to contain lipid mediators released from activated platelets. Larger inter-individual variations were observed in the plasma and serum eicosanoid levels. On the other hand, the concentrations of eicosanoids were not affected by the platelet count but were affected by the concentration of arachidonic acid (AA) within the reference interval (17.4-40.5×1010/L). When serum samples from patients with hematological disorders were analyzed, the concentrations of AA were positively correlated with the platelet count. When the patients underwent ASA therapy, a marked decrease in the concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 12-hydroxyl-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) was observed. Considering the availability of serum samples in clinical settings, the serum analysis of eicosanoids may be clinically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yasumoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Suzumi M Tokuoka
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kita
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
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Quantitative analysis of lipids: a higher-throughput LC-MS/MS-based method and its comparison to ELISA. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO157. [PMID: 28344822 PMCID: PMC5351511 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Lipids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes are released as a result of an inflammatory episode in pain (central and peripheral). Methodology & results: To measure these lipids as potential mechanistic biomarkers in neuropathic pain models, we developed a higher-throughput LC–MS/MS-based method with simultaneous detection of PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α, LTB4, TXB2 and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in brain and spinal cord tissues. We also demonstrate that the LC–MS/MS method was more sensitive and specific in differentiating PGE2 levels in CNS tissues compared with ELISA. Conclusion: The ability to modify the LC–MS/MS method to accommodate numerous other lipids in one analysis, demonstrates that the presented method offers a cost–effective and more sensitive alternative to ELISA method useful in drug discovery settings. In humans, lipids carry out various functions such as energy production and storage, insulation, digestion and absorption and hormone production. Out of the several lipids, prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes play a critical role in cardiovascular diseases, allergic reactions and inflammation. Thus, it is important to monitor their levels as potential mechanistic biomarkers to effectively diagnose and treat the underlying diseases. We have successfully used a highly specific and higher-throughput mass spectrometric method to quantify these lipids in brain cells as well as in brain and spinal cord tissues from rats (pain model) and compared the data obtained in the traditional ELISA.
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Quantitative analysis of endogenous compounds. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:426-437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Petrucci G, Rizzi A, Cavalca V, Habib A, Pitocco D, Veglia F, Ranalli P, Zaccardi F, Pagliaccia F, Tremoli E, Patrono C, Rocca B. Patient-independent variables affecting the assessment of aspirin responsiveness by serum thromboxane measurement. Thromb Haemost 2016; 116:891-896. [PMID: 27440714 DOI: 10.1160/th16-05-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The serum TXB2 (sTXB2) assay reflects the pharmacodynamics of platelet inhibition by low-dose aspirin. However, different studies reported variable sTXB2 values. sTXB2 assay requires whole blood incubation at 37 °C as a condition for optimal thrombin generation, arachidonic acid release and its metabolism by platelet cyclooxygenase-1 to form TXA2. Access to 37 °C incubation may be variably delayed, and different methods to quantitate sTXB2 may contribute to variable results between different Centers. We investigated whether delaying 37 °C incubation and/or analytical issues affect sTXB2 concentrations, biasing the assessment of aspirin responsiveness. Sixty-eight samples from 54 volunteers, on- and off-aspirin, were incubated at 37 °C immediately after sampling (reference sample) or after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 60 minutes at room temperature (RT); 8 samples remained at RT 60 minutes, without subsequent incubation; 314 sera were measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) methods. sTXB2 concentrations decreased exponentially as a function of the delay before 37 °C incubation, ranging from 94 ± 11 % at 5 minutes to 23 ± 22 % of the reference sample after 60 minutes at RT. There was high agreement between EIA and LC/MS-MS. Moreover, we simulated the influence of a 15- or 30-minute delayed incubation on 300 sTXB2 measurements from previously-studied, aspirin-treated patients. Delayed incubation reduced the percentage of aspirin 'non-responders' by 22 % to 52 %, depending on the response threshold. In conclusion, a variable delay in the 37 °C incubation of blood samples may affect the assessment of platelet cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition by aspirin and confound the characterization of the determinants of aspirin responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bianca Rocca
- Bianca Rocca, MD, PhD, Istituto di Farmacologia, Università Cattolica, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy, Tel.: +39 06 30154253, E-mail: ;
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Brun C, Daali Y, Combescure C, Zufferey A, Michelson AD, Fontana P, Reny JL, Frelinger AL. Aspirin response: Differences in serum thromboxane B2 levels between clinical studies. Platelets 2015; 27:196-202. [PMID: 26270593 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2015.1072147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serum thromboxane B2 (TxB2) is a specific marker of platelet inhibition by aspirin. Yet, TxB2 levels differ by up to 10-fold between some aspirin-treated patient cohorts. This study aimed to identify factors responsible for differences in serum TxB2 between cohorts in the ADRIE study (n = 657) and the BOSTON study (n = 678) of aspirin-treated cardiovascular patients originally tested with different ELISA assays. TxB2 levels were assessed in representative subgroups of the two cohorts (34 samples in BOSTON and 39 in ADRIE) by both ELISAs, as well as liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectroscopy (MS). A multivariate analysis was performed on the whole cohort database to identify determinants of the difference of TxB2 levels between cohorts. There was no systematic bias between the original ELISA TxB2 values and the MS values and the median difference was small, 0.12 ng/ml, thus not explaining the difference between median TxB2 levels in the two study populations (7 and 0.6 ng/ml in the ADRIE and BOSTON studies, respectively). In the combined dataset of the ADRIE and BOSTON cohorts (n = 1342), body mass index, age, gender, aspirin dose, time from aspirin intake to blood draw, NSAID intake, platelet count and C-reactive protein were significantly associated with TxB2 levels. After adjustment for patient characteristics, the difference between cohorts did not decrease. Unexplained differences in serum TxB2 levels in different populations of aspirin-treated cardiovascular patients suggest that further studies are needed to confirm the role of serum TxB2 level as a prognostic factor or rather as a marker of therapeutic observance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brun
- a Division of General Internal Medicine , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland .,b Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva School of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Youssef Daali
- b Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva School of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland .,c Division of Clinical Pharmacology , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Christophe Combescure
- d Division of Clinical Epidemiology , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Anne Zufferey
- b Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva School of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Alan D Michelson
- e Center for Platelet Research Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Pierre Fontana
- b Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva School of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland .,f Division of Angiology and Haemostasis , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland , and
| | - Jean-Luc Reny
- b Geneva Platelet Group, University of Geneva School of Medicine , Geneva , Switzerland .,g Division of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation, Trois-Chêne, Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics , Geneva University Hospitals , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Andrew L Frelinger
- e Center for Platelet Research Studies, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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