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Walther R, Kinzig M, Zamponi A, Sörgel F, Scherf-Clavel O, Holzgrabe U. Identification of low-level impurities in drug prototypes of carbocisteine by means of liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry and general unknown comparative screening. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464269. [PMID: 37586140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass analysers enable new automated workflows for untargeted data evaluation of complex samples like drug products. An example of such procedure is the so-called general unknown comparative screening (GUCS), which is used for software-assisted, automated identification of components that are only present in a sample and not in a reference. The GUCS approach has been employed for the first time to detect both degradation products and reaction products in drug products. Two different carbocisteine containing syrup prototypes - one with sucrose and the other with artificial sweeteners - were selected as examples after nine months of storage at 40 °C and 75% relative humidity. The samples were analysed chromatographically using a Coresep SB mixed-mode column and high-resolution MS and MS/MS data were recorded in information dependant acquisition mode on a Sciex X500R quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Data analysis was considerably facilitated using the corresponding placebo formulation as reference samples. With the GUCS approach two hitherto unknown degradation products of carbocisteine, i.e. the carbocisteine lactam of the sulfoxides and the disulfide between l-cysteine and thioglycolic acid, were detected at low concentrations in both of the syrup formulations. The presumed structures were confirmed by in silico analysis of the fragment spectra and high-resolution LC-MS experiments with reference substances. Two additional impurities were found in the sucrose-containing sample and identified as the N-glycosides of carbocisteine and its lactam, respectively, using binary mixtures with a 13C-labelled monosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Walther
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Martina Kinzig
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Heroldsberg 90562, Germany
| | - Annette Zamponi
- Global Development Center, A. Nattermann & Cie. GmbH - a Sanofi Company, Köln 50829, Germany
| | - Fritz Sörgel
- Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Heroldsberg 90562, Germany
| | - Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
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2
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Chenkual L, Lalchandani DS, Chaturvedi S, Mariyappan M, Porwal P. Development and validation of sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array method for determination of three sulfonated esters and
N
‐methyl‐
O
‐phenyldiamine dihydrochloride as potential genotoxic impurities in Amlodipine and Telmisartan fixed‐dose combination. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laltanpuii Chenkual
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Dimple S. Lalchandani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Sachin Chaturvedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Mahindran Mariyappan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
| | - Pawan Porwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research‐Guwahati (NIPER‐G) Changsari India
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3
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KAWABATA K, IWATA M, KAWAGUCHI M, KANEKO M, GENNAI M, AKIMOTO S, INAGAKI M, SEGAWA K, NISHI H. Photostabilities of Amlodipine OD Tablets in Different Dosage Forms. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2022.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Bhayani D, Naik H, Nathaniel TN, Khan S, Mehta P. Simulated space radiation: Investigating ionizing radiation effects on the stability of amlodipine besylate API and tablets. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 137:104982. [PMID: 31276739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious pharmaceuticals with the adequate shelf life are essential for the well-being of the space explorers and successful completion of a space mission. Space is brimming with different types of radiations, which penetrate inside the spacecraft despite the shielding material. Such radiations can alter the stability of the pharmaceuticals during long duration space missions. The literature reporting the space radiation effects on the pharmaceuticals is scarce in a public domain. Ground-based simulation studies can be useful to predict the influence of the space radiations on the stability of the pharmaceuticals. Based upon these facts, the main objective of the present preliminary work was to investigate the effect of different types of ionizing radiations on the stability of amlodipine besylate API and tablets. Amlodipine besylate samples were irradiated by protons, neutrons (thermal and fast), gamma and heavy ion (56Fe) radiations with their different doses. The samples were also irradiated with UV-visible radiation to compare the effect of selected ionizing radiations with photodegradation. The physical stability was examined through organoleptic evaluation and the chemical stability was evaluated by FTIR and HPLC. The results of the organoleptic evaluation showed colour changes from colourless to yellow in proton irradiated solid API and gamma irradiated API aqueous solution. The FTIR spectrum of proton irradiated API showed one additional absorption band at 1728 cm-1 due to degradation products. HPLC analysis revealed that amlodipine degraded up to 10% and 21% after the highest doses of proton and gamma irradiation, respectively. No physical or chemical changes were observed after neutron and 56Fe irradiation. The structures of major radiolytic products were elucidated using LC-MS/MS. Two new impurities were found in the API aqueous solution as a result of gamma irradiation. The drug degradation pathways were postulated by proposing the plausible mechanism of formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhara Bhayani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Haladhara Naik
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - T Newton Nathaniel
- Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Saif Khan
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Priti Mehta
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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5
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Shelke M, Deshpande SS, Sharma S. Quinquennial Review of Progress in Degradation Studies and Impurity Profiling: An Instrumental Perspective Statistics. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:226-253. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1615863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Shelke
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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Salunkhe MN, Gite SD, Kachave RN. Recent trends in impurity profiling and forced degradation of antihypertensive drugs. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1373670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha N. Salunkhe
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehal D. Gite
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramanlal N. Kachave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
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Guvvala V, Chidambaram Subramanian V, Anireddy JS, Konda M. Novel degradation products of argatroban: Isolation, synthesis and extensive characterization using NMR and LC-PDA-MS/Q-TOF. J Pharm Anal 2017; 8:86-95. [PMID: 29736294 PMCID: PMC5934711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation study of argatroban under conditions of hydrolysis (neutral, acidic and alkaline), oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress, as suggested in the ICH Q1A (R2), was accomplished. The drug showed significant degradation under hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline) and oxidation (peroxide stress) conditions. The drug remained stable under thermal and photolytic stress conditions. In total, seven novel degradation products (DP-1 to DP-7) were found under diverse conditions, which were not reported earlier. The chemical structures of these degradation products were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, Q-TOF-MSn and IR spectral analysis and the proposed degradation products structures were further confirmed by the individual synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh Guvvala
- Centre for Chemical Science&Technology, Institute of Science&Technology, JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India.,Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad 500043, India
| | | | - Jaya Shree Anireddy
- Centre for Chemical Science&Technology, Institute of Science&Technology, JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500085, India
| | - Mahesh Konda
- Gland Pharma Ltd., Research and Development, D.P.Pally, Hyderabad 500043, India
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8
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Kumar Pandey A, Rapolu R, Raju CK, Sasalamari G, Kumar Goud S, Awasthi A, Navalgund SG, Surendranath KV. The novel acid degradation products of losartan: Isolation and characterization using Q-TOF, 2D-NMR and FTIR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 120:65-71. [PMID: 26704631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Forced degradation of losartan potassium in acidic condition resulted into three potential unknown impurities. These unknown degradation products marked as LD-I, LD-II and LD-III were analyzed using a new reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), eluting at 3.63, 3.73 and 3.91 relative retention times with respect to losartan potassium (LOS) peak. All three were isolated from reaction mass using preparative HPLC and their structures were elucidated using LC-MS/MS, multidimensional NMR and FTIR spectroscopic techniques, as 5(2),11(2)-dibutyl-5(4),11(4)-dichloro-1(1)H,5(1)H,7(1)H,11(1)H-1(5,1),7(1,5)-ditetrazola-5,11(1,5)-diimidazola-2,8(1,2),3,9(1,4)-tetrabenzenacyclododecaphane,(Z)-5(2),11(2)-dibutyl-5(4),11(4)-dichloro-1(1)H,5(1)H,7(2)H,11(1)H-1(5,1),7(2,5)-ditetrazola-5,11(1,5)-diimidazola-2,8(1,2),3,9(1,4)-tetrabenzenacyclododecaphane, and 5(2),11(2)-dibutyl-5(4),11(4)-dichloro-1(2)H,5(1)H,7(2)H,11(1)H-1(5,2),7(2,5)-ditetrazola-5,11(1,5)-diimidazola-2,8(1,2),3,9(1,4)-tetrabenzenacyclododecaphane, respectively. To best of our knowledge, all three degradation products are novel impurities which are not discussed at any form of publication yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avadhesh Kumar Pandey
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Ravi Rapolu
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Ch Krishnam Raju
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Gururaj Sasalamari
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Sanath Kumar Goud
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Atul Awasthi
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India.
| | - Sameer G Navalgund
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Koduru V Surendranath
- Analytical Research and Development, United States Pharmacopeial Convention-India (P) Ltd., Plot No. D6 & D8, IKP, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad 500078, India
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9
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A novel UV degradation product of Ebastine: Isolation and characterization using Q-TOF, NMR, IR and computational chemistry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 107:488-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Bellur Atici E, Karlığa B. Identification, synthesis and characterization of process related impurities of benidipine hydrochloride, stress-testing/stability studies and HPLC/UPLC method validations. J Pharm Anal 2015; 5:256-268. [PMID: 29403939 PMCID: PMC5762216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benidipine hydrochloride, used as an antihypertensive agent and long-acting calcium antagonist, is synthesized for commercial use as a drug substance in highly pure form. During the synthetic process development studies of benidipine, process related impurities were detected. These impurities were identified, synthesized and characterized and mechanisms of their formation were discussed in detail. After all standardization procedures, they were used as reference standards for analytical studies. In addition, a separate HPLC method was developed and validated for detection of residual 1-benzylpiperidin-3-ol (Ben-2), which is used during benidipine synthesis and controlled as a potential process related impurity. As complementary of this work, stress-testing studies of benidipine were carried out under specified conditions and a stability-indicating UPLC assay method was developed, validated and used during stability studies of benidipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Bellur Atici
- Deva Holding A.Ş., Çerkezköy-2 Production Plant, Karaağaç Mh. Fatih Blv. No: 26, Adres No: 2278035833, Kapaklı, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Bekir Karlığa
- Deva Holding A.Ş., Çerkezköy-2 Production Plant, Karaağaç Mh. Fatih Blv. No: 26, Adres No: 2278035833, Kapaklı, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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11
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Lin L, Lin H, Zhang M, Dong X, Yin X, Qu C, Ni J. Types, principle, and characteristics of tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry and its applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22856e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the principle and functional characteristics of different types or models for THRMS and provide a brief description of its applications in medical research, food safety, and environmental protection fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Hongmei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Changhai Qu
- Modern Research Center for TCM
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
- Beijing
- China
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