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Caputo L, Cornara L, Bazzicalupo M, De Francesco C, De Feo V, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A. Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Peels of Three Citrus Species. Molecules 2020; 25:E1890. [PMID: 32325864 PMCID: PMC7221518 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit peels are generally underutilized byproducts of the food industry, although they are valuable sources of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new application for three Citrus peel EOs as bio-herbicides. METHODS After a micro-morphological evaluation of Citrus peels by SEM analysis, the phytochemical composition of the EOs of Citrus × bergamia Risso & Poit., Citrus × myrtifolia Raf., and Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck was characterized by GC/FID and GC/MS analyses. The in vitro phytotoxicity against germination and initial radical elongation of several crop and weed species was evaluated. Furthermore, the eco-compatibility of these EOs has been assessed by the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. RESULTS SEM analysis highlighted the morphometric differences of the schizolysigenous pockets among the peels of the three Citrus species. Oxygenated monoterpenes are the main constituents in C. × bergamia (51.09%), whereas monoterpene hydrocarbons represent the most abundant compounds in C. × myrtifolia (82.15%) and C. limon (80.33%) EOs. They showed marked and selective phytotoxic activity in vitro, often at very low concentration (0.1 μg/mL) against all plant species investigated, without showing any toxicity on Artemia salina, opening the perspective of their use as safe bio-herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caputo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy;
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Miriam Bazzicalupo
- Department for the Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy; (L.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Clara De Francesco
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.D.F.); (D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy;
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.D.F.); (D.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy; (C.D.F.); (D.T.); (A.S.)
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Bruni R, Barreca D, Protti M, Brighenti V, Righetti L, Anceschi L, Mercolini L, Benvenuti S, Gattuso G, Pellati F. Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest. Molecules 2019; 24:E2163. [PMID: 31181737 PMCID: PMC6600687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of plant furanocoumarins from different points of view, including their chemistry and biosynthetic pathways to their extraction, analysis, and synthesis, to the main biological activities found for these active compounds, in order to highlight their potential within pharmaceutical science. The limits and the possible improvements needed for research involving these molecules are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lisa Anceschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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Protti M, Mandrioli R, Mandrone M, Cappadone C, Farruggia G, Chiocchio I, Malucelli E, Isani G, Poli F, Mercolini L. Analysis of Artemisia annua extracts and related products by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled to sample treatment miniaturisation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:81-88. [PMID: 31158609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin, the main antimalarial compound of Artemisia annua L., is currently attracting increasing interest for its antiproliferative properties, but its content is highly variable, depending on several genetic, environmental and processing conditions. Aim of the present study is to analyse the artemisinin content in different plant extracts, to test their in vitro activity on cell proliferation and then to correlate these data to the active principle concentration. For this purpose, an innovative miniaturised sample pretreatment strategy based on microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) was developed and coupled to an original advanced method based on liquid chromatography with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS/MS). The method was fully validated, granting consistent data. Good linearity was found over a suitable concentration range, i.e. 5-1000ng/mL. Extraction yields (>85%), precision (RSD < 3.5%) and accuracy (recovery 88-93%) were all within acceptable levels of confidence. After validation, the method was successfully applied to the determination of artemisinin in A. annua extracts. Analyte content was widely variable (up to twenty-fold) according to the starting material and the extraction procedure, ranging between 5.9μg/g and 109μg/mL. The cytotoxic activity of all analysed extracts was also tested on human leukemic cells by viable cell count and cell cycle analysis. Artemisinin concentrations and biological activity were carefully evaluated and the observed antiproliferative effects varied according to artemisinin content in each extract type. This highlights the need to quantitatively analyse the main active constituent of plant extracts and the obtained data have shown to be promising for the choice of the related herbal product dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mandrioli
- Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921, Rimini, Italy
| | - Manuela Mandrone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Concettina Cappadone
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Farruggia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiocchio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emil Malucelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gloria Isani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ferruccio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Salvo A, Costa R, Albergamo A, Arrigo S, Rotondo A, La Torre GL, Mangano V, Dugo G. An in-depth study of the volatile variability of chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia Raf.) induced by the extraction procedure. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Plastina P, Apriantini A, Meijerink J, Witkamp R, Gabriele B, Fazio A. In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Properties of Chinotto ( Citrus myrtifolia Raf.) Essential Oils. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060783. [PMID: 29912150 PMCID: PMC6024861 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinotto (Citrus myrtifolia Raf.) is a widely diffused plant native from China and its fruits have a wide-spread use in confectionary and drinks. Remarkably, only little has been reported thus far on its bioactive properties, in contrast to those of the taxonomically related bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso). The present study aimed to investigate potential in vitro anti-inflammatory and radical scavenging properties of chinotto essential oils (CEOs) and to establish to what extent their composition and bioactivities are dependent on maturation. Essential oil from half ripe chinotto (CEO2) reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of inflammatory genes, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokine monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264,7 macrophages. Limonene, linalool, linalyl acetate, and γ-terpinene were found to be the main components in CEO2. Moreover, CEO2 showed high radical scavenging activity measured as Trolox equivalents (TE) against both 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). These findings show that chinotto essential oil represents a valuable part of this fruit and warrants further in vivo studies to validate its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Astari Apriantini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Renger Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Alessia Fazio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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Wu CS, Shih WL, Liao HT, Chan WC, Tsou CH. Fabrication, characterization, cytocompatibility, and biological activity of lemon fiber-filled polyester composites. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2017.1309542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-San Wu
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ling Shih
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Tzu Liao
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Chia Chan
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Kao Yuan University, Kaohsiung County, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hui Tsou
- Material Corrosion and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
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Protti M, Gualandi I, Mandrioli R, Zappoli S, Tonelli D, Mercolini L. Analytical profiling of selected antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity of goji (Lycium spp.) berries. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 143:252-260. [PMID: 28618341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Goji berries and derived products represent a relevant source of micronutrients, most of which are natural antioxidants and contribute to the high nutritional quality of these fruits. Three brands of dried goji berries have been analysed by a multidisciplinary approach to get an insight into both their content of selected antioxidants and their antioxidant capacity (AC). The former goal has been achieved by developing a liquid chromatographic method coupled to mass spectrometry and combined to a fast solid phase extraction. Several significant representative antioxidant compounds belonging to the following classes: flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, amino acids and derivatives, and carotenoids have been taken into account. Quercetin and rutin were found to be the predominant flavonoids, chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid and zeaxanthin was the major carotenoid. The AC of the goji berries has been evaluated by four analytical methods in order to estimate the contributions of different reactions involved in radicals scavenging. In particular, AC has been determined using 3 standardised methods (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC) and a recently proposed electrochemical method, which measures the scavenging activity of antioxidants towards OH radicals generated both by hydrogen peroxide photolysis and the Fenton reaction. The results obtained from chemical composition and antioxidant capacity assays confirm the high nutritional and commercial value of goji berries and highlight that the three brands do not exhibit significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Protti
- Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Isacco Gualandi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", INSTM, UdR Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Mandrioli
- Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Sergio Zappoli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", INSTM, UdR Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Domenica Tonelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", INSTM, UdR Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Fan D, Li H, Shi S, Chen X. Hollow molecular imprinted polymers towards rapid, effective and selective extraction of caffeic acid from fruits. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1470:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Seyedrezazadeh E, Sabri A, Barzegari A, Kolahian S, Shahbazfar AA, Ansarin K, Vafa M, Sakhinia E. Dietary flavanones and citrus fruits influence cytokines and thyroid transcription factor-1 in an HDM-induced chronic asthma murine model. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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